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Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society
Special Feature Consecutive Disasters --Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society-- In 2018, many disasters occurred consecutively in various parts of Japan, including earthquakes, heavy rains, and typhoons. In particular, the earthquake that hit the northern part of Osaka Prefecture on June 18, the Heavy Rain Event of July 2018 centered on West Japan starting June 28, Typhoons Jebi (1821) and Trami (1824), and the earthquake that stroke the eastern Iburi region, Hokkaido Prefecture on September 6 caused damage to a wide area throughout Japan. The damage from the disaster was further extended due to other disaster that occurred subsequently in the same areas. The consecutive occurrence of major disasters highlighted the importance of disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, and building national resilience, which will lead to preparing for natural disasters and protecting people’s lives and assets. In order to continue to maintain and improve Japan’s DRR measures into the future, it is necessary to build a "disaster conscious society" where each member of society has an awareness and a sense of responsibility for protecting their own life. The “Special Feature” of the Reiwa Era’s first White Paper on Disaster Management covers major disasters that occurred during the last year of the Heisei era. Chapter 1, Section 1 gives an overview of those that caused especially extensive damage among a series of major disasters that occurred in 2018, while also looking back at response measures taken by the government. Chapter 1, Section 2 and Chapter 2 discuss the outline of disaster prevention and mitigation measures and national resilience initiatives that the government as a whole will promote over the next years based on the lessons learned from the major disasters in 2018. -
Field Surveys and Numerical Simulation of the 2018 Typhoon Jebi: Impact of High Waves and Storm Surge in Semi-Enclosed Osaka Bay, Japan
Pure Appl. Geophys. 176 (2019), 4139–4160 Ó 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02295-0 Pure and Applied Geophysics Field Surveys and Numerical Simulation of the 2018 Typhoon Jebi: Impact of High Waves and Storm Surge in Semi-enclosed Osaka Bay, Japan 1 1 2 1 1 TUAN ANH LE, HIROSHI TAKAGI, MOHAMMAD HEIDARZADEH, YOSHIHUMI TAKATA, and ATSUHEI TAKAHASHI Abstract—Typhoon Jebi made landfall in Japan in 2018 and hit 1. Introduction Osaka Bay on September 4, causing severe damage to Kansai area, Japan’s second largest economical region. We conducted field surveys around the Osaka Bay including the cities of Osaka, Annually, an average of 2.9 tropical cyclones Wakayama, Tokushima, Hyogo, and the island of Awaji-shima to (from 1951 to 2016) have hit Japan (Takagi and evaluate the situation of these areas immediately after Typhoon Esteban 2016; Takagi et al. 2017). The recent Jebi struck. Jebi generated high waves over large areas in these regions, and many coasts were substantially damaged by the Typhoon Jebi in September 2018 has been the combined impact of high waves and storm surges. The Jebi storm strongest tropical cyclone to come ashore in the last surge was the highest in the recorded history of Osaka. We used a 25 years since Typhoon Yancy (the 13th typhoon to storm surge–wave coupled model to investigate the impact caused by Jebi. The simulated surge level was validated with real data hit Japan, in 1993), severely damaging areas in its acquired from three tidal stations, while the wave simulation results trajectory. -
The Mechanism of the Storm Surges in the Seto Inland Sea Caused By
Technical Review No. 9 (March 2007) RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center The Mechanism of the Storm Surges in the Seto Inland Sea Caused by Typhoon Chaba (0416) Nadao KOHNO Typhoon Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1Nagamine, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan Kazuo KAMAKURA, Hiroaki MINEMATSU*, Yukihiro YORIOKA, Kazuhisa HISASHIGE, Eichi SHIMIZU, Yuichi SATO, Akifumi FUKUNAGA, Yoshihiko TANIWAKI, and Shigekazu TANIJO Observation and Forecast Division, Takamatsu Local Observatory, 1277-1 Fuki-ishi, Takamatsu 761-8071, Japan Abstract Typhoon Chaba in 2004 made landfall on the southeastern Kyushu and went through Chugoku (western part of Japan’s Main Island) on 30 August, causing large storm surges in the Seto Inland Sea (SIS). The high tide records were broken at tide stations in Takamatsu and Uno Ports. We analyzed the tidal data and simulated this case with a numerical storm surge model. The storm surges moved eastward along with the passage of the typhoon, and it was favorably simulated. The results revealed that the wind set-up basically played a key role in causing the large storm surges. However, the maximum storm surge (MSS) in Takamatsu did not occur when the typhoon was the nearest to the city, but about 2 hours later. Since the time of MSS approximately corresponds to the high spring tide time, the record breaking storm tide was observed there. Moreover, we found the SIS can be divided into 6 areas according to the characteristics of sea topography and dominant wind direction by the typhoon. We also investigated the degrees of the contribution of two main factors of storm surges, i.e. -
Intensification and Structure Change of Super Typhoon Flo As Related to the Large-Scale Environment
N PS ARCHIVE 1998.06 TITLEY, D. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California DISSERTATION INTENSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE CHANGE OF SUPER TYPHOON FLO AS RELATED TO THE LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT by David W. Titley June 1998 Dissertation Supervisor: Russell L. Elsberry Thesis T5565 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. -EYKNC . •OOL DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CA 93943-5101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No 0704-01! Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of ManagemerJ and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 1998. Doctoral Dissertation 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Intensification and Structure Change of Super 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Typhoon Flo as Related to the Large-Scale Environment 6. AUTHOR(S) Titley, David W. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION Monterey CA 93943-5000 REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. -
U Ncorrected Proof
Pure Appl. Geophys. Ó 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02295-0 Pure and Applied Geophysics 1 Field Surveys and Numerical Simulation of the 2018 Typhoon Jebi: Impact of High Waves 2 and Storm Surge in Semi-enclosed Osaka Bay, Japan 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 LE TUAN ANH, HIROSHI TAKAGI, MOHAMMAD HEIDARZADEH, YOSHIHUMI TAKATA, and ATSUHEI TAKAHASHI 5 Abstract—Typhoon Jebi made landfall in Japan in 2018 and hit 1. Introduction 39 6 Osaka Bay on September 4, causing severe damage to Kansai area, 7 Japan’s second largest economical region. We conducted field 8 surveys around the Osaka Bay including the cities of Osaka, Annually, an average of 2.9 tropical cyclones 40 Author Proof 9 Wakayama, Tokushima, Hyogo, and the island of Awaji-shima to (from 1951 to 2016) have hit Japan (Takagi and 41 10 evaluate the situation of these areas immediately after Typhoon 42 11 Esteban 2016; Takagi et al. 2017). The recent Jebi struck. Jebi generated high waves over large areas in these 43 12 regions, and many coasts were substantially damaged by the Typhoon Jebi in September 2018 has been the 13 combined impact of high waves and storm surges. The Jebi storm strongest tropical cyclone to come ashore in the last 44 14 surge was the highest in the recorded history of Osaka. We used a 45 15 25 years since Typhoon Yancy (the 13th typhoon to storm surge–wave coupled model to investigate the impact caused 46 16 by Jebi. The simulated surge level was validated with real data hit Japan, in 1993), severely damaging areas in its 17 acquired from three tidal stations, while the wave simulation results trajectory. -
Report on the 2014 Winter Cyclone Storm Surge in Nemuro, Japan
Title Report on the 2014 Winter Cyclone Storm Surge in Nemuro, Japan Author(s) Saruwatari, Ayumi; Coutinho de Lima, Adriano; Kato, Masaya; Nikawa, Osamu; Watanabe, Yasunori Coastal Engineering Journal, 57(03), 1550014 Citation https://doi.org/10.1142/S057856341550014X Issue Date 2015-09 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/62723 Electronic version of an article published as Coastal Engineering Journal, 57(3), 2015 , 1550014, Rights 10.1142/S057856341550014X © copyright World Scientific Publishing Company. http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscinet/cej Type article (author version) File Information nemuro_huscup20151001_s.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP October 1, 2015 10:43 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE nemuro_huscup20151001 Coastal Engineering Journal, Vol. 57, No. 3 (2015) ⃝c World Scientific Publishing Company and Japan Society of Civil Engineers Report on the 2014 Winter Cyclone Storm Surge in Nemuro, Japan Ayumi Saruwatari School of Engineering, Hokkaido University North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060 8628, Japan [email protected] Adriano Coutinho de Lima School of Engineering, Hokkaido University North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060 8628, Japan [email protected] Masaya Kato National Institute of Technology, Kushiro College West 2-32-1, Otanoshike, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084 0916, Japan [email protected] Osamu Nikawa Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060 8628, Japan [email protected] Yasunori Watanabe School of Engineering, Hokkaido University North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060 8628, Japan [email protected] Received 17 February 2015 Accepted 13 July 2015 Published 25 August 2015 From Tuesday, December 16, 2014, until Thursday, December 18, Hokkaido was battered by strong winds and high sea waves caused by a passing low pressure system intensified to typhoon levels. -
News Release A
a News release § Swiss Re estimates its third quarter claims burden from large natural catastrophes at USD 1.1 billion; large man-made losses to be an additional USD 300 million Swiss Re estimates its preliminary combined claims burden from Media Relations, recent large natural catastrophes at approximately USD 1.1 billion, Zurich net of retrocession and before tax, dominated by weather-related Telephone +41 43 285 7171 losses in Japan New York In addition, large man-made catastrophe events are expected to Telephone +1 914 828 6511 lead to a pre-tax claims burden of approximately USD 300 million Singapore While the third quarter losses are large for an individual quarter for Telephone +65 6232 3302 Swiss Re, the cumulative losses for the first nine months are broadly in line with year-to-date expectations Investor Relations, Zurich Zurich, 18 October 2018 – Swiss Re estimates its preliminary claims Telephone +41 43 285 4444 burden from recent natural catastrophes amount to approximately USD 1.1 billion in the third quarter of 2018, net of retrocession and Swiss Re Ltd before tax. Claims from Typhoon Jebi are expected to be Mythenquai 50/60 CH-8022 Zurich USD 500 million. The claims burden from Hurricane Florence is expected to be USD 120 million. A number of further natural Telephone +41 43 285 2121 catastrophes, mainly in Japan (including torrential rains/floods, Fax +41 43 285 2999 Typhoon Trami) and North America (such as the Carr Wildfire in California and a windstorm in Ontario) aggregate to another www.swissre.com USD 500 million of large losses for Swiss Re in the quarter. -
Department of the Interior
Vol. 80 Thursday, No. 190 October 1, 2015 Part IV Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for 16 Species and Threatened Status for 7 Species in Micronesia; Final Rule VerDate Sep<11>2014 21:53 Sep 30, 2015 Jkt 238001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\01OCR3.SGM 01OCR3 mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with RULES3 59424 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 190 / Thursday, October 1, 2015 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (TDD) may call the Federal Information of the physical or biological features Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. essential to the species’ conservation. Fish and Wildlife Service SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Information regarding the life functions and habitats associated with these life 50 CFR Part 17 Executive Summary functions is complex, and informative Why we need to publish a rule. Under data are largely lacking for the 23 [Docket No. FWS–R1–ES–2014–0038; the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as Mariana Islands species. A careful 4500030113] amended (Act or ESA), a species may assessment of the areas that may have RIN 1018–BA13 warrant protection through listing if it is the physical or biological features endangered or threatened throughout all essential for the conservation of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife or a significant portion of its range. species and that may require special and Plants; Endangered Status for 16 Listing a species as an endangered or management considerations or Species and Threatened Status for 7 threatened species can only be protections, and thus qualify for Species in Micronesia completed by issuing a rule. -
Title Characteristics of Landslides in Unwelded Pyroclastic Flow Deposits
Characteristics of landslides in unwelded pyroclastic flow Title deposits, southern Kyushu, Japan Author(s) Yamao, M.; Sidle, R. C.; Gomi, T.; Imaizumi, F. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (2016), 16(2): 617- Citation 627 Issue Date 2016-03-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/216389 © Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under the Creative Right Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 617–627, 2016 www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/16/617/2016/ doi:10.5194/nhess-16-617-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Characteristics of landslides in unwelded pyroclastic flow deposits, southern Kyushu, Japan M. Yamaoa,†, R. C. Sidle1, T. Gomi2, and F. Imaizumi3 1Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia 2Department of International Environmental and Agriculture Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1585809, Japan 3Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836, Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 4228529, Japan aformerly at: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 6110011, Japan †deceased Correspondence to: R. C. Sidle ([email protected]) Received: 5 September 2015 – Published in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 27 October 2015 Revised: 22 January 2016 – Accepted: 29 January 2016 – Published: 3 March 2016 Abstract. We investigated 184 landslides that occurred in thresholds we have identified are useful for predicting the oc- unwelded pyroclastic flow deposits (Shirasu) on southern currence of different types of landslides in unwelded Shirasu Kyushu Island, Japan, that included detailed data on the rain- deposits and improving sediment disaster prevention prac- fall characteristics and the timing of slope failure. -
Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900-Present
DISASTER HISTORY Signi ficant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900 - Present Prepared for the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Agency for International Developnent Washington, D.C. 20523 Labat-Anderson Incorporated Arlington, Virginia 22201 Under Contract AID/PDC-0000-C-00-8153 INTRODUCTION The OFDA Disaster History provides information on major disasters uhich have occurred around the world since 1900. Informtion is mare complete on events since 1964 - the year the Office of Fore8jn Disaster Assistance was created - and includes details on all disasters to nhich the Office responded with assistance. No records are kept on disasters uhich occurred within the United States and its territories.* All OFDA 'declared' disasters are included - i.e., all those in uhich the Chief of the U.S. Diplmtic Mission in an affected country determined that a disaster exfsted uhich warranted U.S. govermnt response. OFDA is charged with responsibility for coordinating all USG foreign disaster relief. Significant anon-declared' disasters are also included in the History based on the following criteria: o Earthquake and volcano disasters are included if tbe mmber of people killed is at least six, or the total nmber uilled and injured is 25 or more, or at least 1,000 people art affect&, or damage is $1 million or more. o mather disasters except draught (flood, storm, cyclone, typhoon, landslide, heat wave, cold wave, etc.) are included if the drof people killed and injured totals at least 50, or 1,000 or mre are homeless or affected, or damage Is at least S1 mi 1l ion. o Drought disasters are included if the nunber affected is substantial. -
Topics Geo World Map of Natural Catastrophes 2004
Topics Geo World Map of Natural Catastrophes 2004 640 natural hazard losses Great natural catastrophes 2004 including 50 significant loss events (selection) No. Date Region Loss event Fatalities Overall losses Insured losses 9 great natural catastrophes US$ m US$ m 16 25–26.5 Haiti. Dominican Republic Floods 2,000 Earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption 20 June–August Bangladesh. India. Nepal Floods 2,200 5,000 Windstorm 31 11–14.8 Caribbean. USA Hurricane Charley 36 18,000 8,000 Flood 34 1–9.9 Caribbean. USA Hurricane Frances 39 12,000 6,000 Others (e.g. heat wave, winter damage, wildfire) 36 6.–8.9 Japan. South Korea Typhoon Songda 41 9 000 4,700 37 7–21.9 Caribbean. USA Hurricane Ivan 125 23,000 11,500 39 15–29.9 Caribbean. USA Hurricane Jeanne 2,000 9,000 5,000 42 23.10 Japan Earthquake 39 28,000 450 50 26.12 South Asia. East Africa Earthquake, tsunami > 170,000* > 10,000 > 1,000 *More than 100,000 people are still missing. Topics Geo Significant natural catastrophes in 2004 No. Date Loss event Region Fatalities Overall Insured Explanations, descriptions losses losses US$ m US$ m 1 January Drought South Africa: entire country Driest season in 26 years. Major losses to agriculture and livestock. 2 1.1–19.2 Floods, severe storms Brazil: SE, NE, N 161 70 Torrential rain, mudslides. 120,000 houses damaged or destroyed. Major losses to infrastructure. 3 Jan–April Floods Angola. Botswana. Zambia. 37 Record rainfall. Rivers burst their banks. Dozens of villages flooded. -
FEMA Disaster Cost-Shares: Evolution and Analysis
FEMA Disaster Cost-Shares: Evolution and Analysis Francis X. McCarthy Analyst in Emergency Management Policy March 9, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41101 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress FEMA Disaster Cost-Shares: Evolution and Analysis Summary The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (The Stafford Act, P.L. 93- 288) contains discretion for the President to adjust cost-shares for the Public Assistance (PA) program, Sections 406 and 407 of the act, that provides assistance to states, local governments and non-profit organizations for debris removal and rebuilding of the public and non-profit infrastructure. The language of the Stafford Act defining cost-shares for the repair, restoration, and replacement of damaged facilities provides that the federal share “shall be not less than 75 percent.” These provisions have been in effect for over 20 years. While the authority to adjust the cost-share is long standing, the history of FEMA’s administrative adjustments and Congress’ legislative actions in this area, are of a more recent vintage. In all, there have been 222 cost-share adjustments of varying sizes and lengths of time. In 1998 FEMA promulgated, in regulation, a more consistent and open approach to cost-share adjustments. The overwhelming majority of these actions have been based on that regulatory authority and carried out by the executive branch through administrative actions. However, since 1997, and particularly in the wake of the difficult issues caused by the Gulf Coast storms of 2005, Congress has begun to exercise its authority to adjust cost-shares.