Intensification and Structure Change of Super Typhoon Flo As Related to the Large-Scale Environment
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Typhoon Neoguri Disaster Risk Reduction Situation Report1 DRR Sitrep 2014‐001 ‐ Updated July 8, 2014, 10:00 CET
Typhoon Neoguri Disaster Risk Reduction Situation Report1 DRR sitrep 2014‐001 ‐ updated July 8, 2014, 10:00 CET Summary Report Ongoing typhoon situation The storm had lost strength early Tuesday July 8, going from the equivalent of a Category 5 hurricane to a Category 3 on the Saffir‐Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which means devastating damage is expected to occur, with major damage to well‐built framed homes, snapped or uprooted trees and power outages. It is approaching Okinawa, Japan, and is moving northwest towards South Korea and the Philippines, bringing strong winds, flooding rainfall and inundating storm surge. Typhoon Neoguri is a once‐in‐a‐decade storm and Japanese authorities have extended their highest storm alert to Okinawa's main island. The Global Assessment Report (GAR) 2013 ranked Japan as first among countries in the world for both annual and maximum potential losses due to cyclones. It is calculated that Japan loses on average up to $45.9 Billion due to cyclonic winds every year and that it can lose a probable maximum loss of $547 Billion.2 What are the most devastating cyclones to hit Okinawa in recent memory? There have been 12 damaging cyclones to hit Okinawa since 1945. Sustaining winds of 81.6 knots (151 kph), Typhoon “Winnie” caused damages of $5.8 million in August 1997. Typhoon "Bart", which hit Okinawa in October 1999 caused damages of $5.7 million. It sustained winds of 126 knots (233 kph). The most damaging cyclone to hit Japan was Super Typhoon Nida (reaching a peak intensity of 260 kph), which struck Japan in 2004 killing 287 affecting 329,556 people injuring 1,483, and causing damages amounting to $15 Billion. -
1 Storm Surge in Seto Inland Sea with Consideration Of
STORM SURGE IN SETO INLAND SEA WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE IMPACTS OF WAVE BREAKING ON SURFACE CURRENTS Han Soo Lee1, Takao Yamashita1, Tomoaki Komaguchi2, and Toyoaki Mishima3 Storm surge and storm wave simulations in Seto Inland Sea (SIS) in Japan were conducted for Typhoon Yancy (9313) and Chaba (0416) using an atmosphere (MM5)-wave (SWAN)-ocean (POM) modeling system. In the coupled modeling system, a new method for wave-current interaction in terms of momentum transfer due to whitecapping in deep water and depth-induced wave breaking in shallow water was considered. The calculated meteorological and wave fields show good agreement with the observations in SIS and its vicinities. The storm surge results also exhibit good accordance with the observations in SIS. To resolve a number of islands in SIS, we also performed numerical experiments with different grid resolutions and obtained improved results from higher resolutions in wave and ocean circulation fields. Keywords: Seto Inland Sea; storm surge; atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model; air-sea interaction; whitecapping; depth-induced wave breaking INTRODUCTION Storm surge due to tropical cyclones (TCs) varies from place to place depending on the geographical features of the place we are interested in such as the effect of surrounding topography on meteorological fields, geographical shape of the bay or harbor, underwater bathymetry, tide, and interaction with other water bodies including rivers and open seas and oceans. In the storm surge modeling it is difficult to consider all of these effects such that we have to compromise some of them for simplifying a problem, more efficient modeling and engineering purpose. -
Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society
Special Feature Consecutive Disasters --Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society-- In 2018, many disasters occurred consecutively in various parts of Japan, including earthquakes, heavy rains, and typhoons. In particular, the earthquake that hit the northern part of Osaka Prefecture on June 18, the Heavy Rain Event of July 2018 centered on West Japan starting June 28, Typhoons Jebi (1821) and Trami (1824), and the earthquake that stroke the eastern Iburi region, Hokkaido Prefecture on September 6 caused damage to a wide area throughout Japan. The damage from the disaster was further extended due to other disaster that occurred subsequently in the same areas. The consecutive occurrence of major disasters highlighted the importance of disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, and building national resilience, which will lead to preparing for natural disasters and protecting people’s lives and assets. In order to continue to maintain and improve Japan’s DRR measures into the future, it is necessary to build a "disaster conscious society" where each member of society has an awareness and a sense of responsibility for protecting their own life. The “Special Feature” of the Reiwa Era’s first White Paper on Disaster Management covers major disasters that occurred during the last year of the Heisei era. Chapter 1, Section 1 gives an overview of those that caused especially extensive damage among a series of major disasters that occurred in 2018, while also looking back at response measures taken by the government. Chapter 1, Section 2 and Chapter 2 discuss the outline of disaster prevention and mitigation measures and national resilience initiatives that the government as a whole will promote over the next years based on the lessons learned from the major disasters in 2018. -
Field Surveys and Numerical Simulation of the 2018 Typhoon Jebi: Impact of High Waves and Storm Surge in Semi-Enclosed Osaka Bay, Japan
Pure Appl. Geophys. 176 (2019), 4139–4160 Ó 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02295-0 Pure and Applied Geophysics Field Surveys and Numerical Simulation of the 2018 Typhoon Jebi: Impact of High Waves and Storm Surge in Semi-enclosed Osaka Bay, Japan 1 1 2 1 1 TUAN ANH LE, HIROSHI TAKAGI, MOHAMMAD HEIDARZADEH, YOSHIHUMI TAKATA, and ATSUHEI TAKAHASHI Abstract—Typhoon Jebi made landfall in Japan in 2018 and hit 1. Introduction Osaka Bay on September 4, causing severe damage to Kansai area, Japan’s second largest economical region. We conducted field surveys around the Osaka Bay including the cities of Osaka, Annually, an average of 2.9 tropical cyclones Wakayama, Tokushima, Hyogo, and the island of Awaji-shima to (from 1951 to 2016) have hit Japan (Takagi and evaluate the situation of these areas immediately after Typhoon Esteban 2016; Takagi et al. 2017). The recent Jebi struck. Jebi generated high waves over large areas in these regions, and many coasts were substantially damaged by the Typhoon Jebi in September 2018 has been the combined impact of high waves and storm surges. The Jebi storm strongest tropical cyclone to come ashore in the last surge was the highest in the recorded history of Osaka. We used a 25 years since Typhoon Yancy (the 13th typhoon to storm surge–wave coupled model to investigate the impact caused by Jebi. The simulated surge level was validated with real data hit Japan, in 1993), severely damaging areas in its acquired from three tidal stations, while the wave simulation results trajectory. -
U Ncorrected Proof
Pure Appl. Geophys. Ó 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02295-0 Pure and Applied Geophysics 1 Field Surveys and Numerical Simulation of the 2018 Typhoon Jebi: Impact of High Waves 2 and Storm Surge in Semi-enclosed Osaka Bay, Japan 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 LE TUAN ANH, HIROSHI TAKAGI, MOHAMMAD HEIDARZADEH, YOSHIHUMI TAKATA, and ATSUHEI TAKAHASHI 5 Abstract—Typhoon Jebi made landfall in Japan in 2018 and hit 1. Introduction 39 6 Osaka Bay on September 4, causing severe damage to Kansai area, 7 Japan’s second largest economical region. We conducted field 8 surveys around the Osaka Bay including the cities of Osaka, Annually, an average of 2.9 tropical cyclones 40 Author Proof 9 Wakayama, Tokushima, Hyogo, and the island of Awaji-shima to (from 1951 to 2016) have hit Japan (Takagi and 41 10 evaluate the situation of these areas immediately after Typhoon 42 11 Esteban 2016; Takagi et al. 2017). The recent Jebi struck. Jebi generated high waves over large areas in these 43 12 regions, and many coasts were substantially damaged by the Typhoon Jebi in September 2018 has been the 13 combined impact of high waves and storm surges. The Jebi storm strongest tropical cyclone to come ashore in the last 44 14 surge was the highest in the recorded history of Osaka. We used a 45 15 25 years since Typhoon Yancy (the 13th typhoon to storm surge–wave coupled model to investigate the impact caused 46 16 by Jebi. The simulated surge level was validated with real data hit Japan, in 1993), severely damaging areas in its 17 acquired from three tidal stations, while the wave simulation results trajectory. -
THE PHILIPPINES Schedule of Specific Commitments (For the First
ASEAN-KOREA AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES ANNEX/SC1 ________________________________________________________________________ THE PHILIPPINES Schedule of Specific Commitments (For the First Package of Commitments) 1 AK-ATS/SC1/PHI PHILIPPINES – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS Modes of supply 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons Sector or Sub sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS Unbound* means unbound due to lack of technical feasibility. ALL SECTORS INCLUDED 3) In Activities Expressly Reserved by Law 3) Access to Domestic Credit IN THIS SCHEDULE to Citizens of the Philippines (i.e. foreign equity is limited to a minority share): A foreign firm, engaged in non- manufacturing activities availing The participation of foreign investors in itself of peso borrowings, shall the governing body of any corporation observe, at the time of borrowing, engaged in activities expressly the prescribed 50:50 debt-to- reserved to citizens of the Philippines equity ratio. Foreign firms covered by law shall be limited to the are: proportionate share of foreign capital of such entities. a) Partnerships, more than 40 per cent of whose capital is All executive and managing officers owned by non-Filipino must be citizens of the Philippines. citizens; and Acquisition of Land b) Corporations, more than 40 per cent of whose total All lands of the public domain are subscribed capital stock is owned by the State. owned by non-Filipino citizens. Only citizens of the Philippines or corporations or association at least 60 This requirement does not apply to per cent of whose capital is owned by banks and non-bank financial such citizens may own land other than intermediaries public lands and acquire public lands through lease. -
News Release A
a News release § Swiss Re estimates its third quarter claims burden from large natural catastrophes at USD 1.1 billion; large man-made losses to be an additional USD 300 million Swiss Re estimates its preliminary combined claims burden from Media Relations, recent large natural catastrophes at approximately USD 1.1 billion, Zurich net of retrocession and before tax, dominated by weather-related Telephone +41 43 285 7171 losses in Japan New York In addition, large man-made catastrophe events are expected to Telephone +1 914 828 6511 lead to a pre-tax claims burden of approximately USD 300 million Singapore While the third quarter losses are large for an individual quarter for Telephone +65 6232 3302 Swiss Re, the cumulative losses for the first nine months are broadly in line with year-to-date expectations Investor Relations, Zurich Zurich, 18 October 2018 – Swiss Re estimates its preliminary claims Telephone +41 43 285 4444 burden from recent natural catastrophes amount to approximately USD 1.1 billion in the third quarter of 2018, net of retrocession and Swiss Re Ltd before tax. Claims from Typhoon Jebi are expected to be Mythenquai 50/60 CH-8022 Zurich USD 500 million. The claims burden from Hurricane Florence is expected to be USD 120 million. A number of further natural Telephone +41 43 285 2121 catastrophes, mainly in Japan (including torrential rains/floods, Fax +41 43 285 2999 Typhoon Trami) and North America (such as the Carr Wildfire in California and a windstorm in Ontario) aggregate to another www.swissre.com USD 500 million of large losses for Swiss Re in the quarter. -
1990) and Gene (1990
DECEMBER 1999 WU AND CHENG 3003 An Observational Study of Environmental In¯uences on the Intensity Changes of Typhoons Flo (1990) and Gene (1990) CHUN-CHIEH WUANDHSIU-JU CHENG Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Manuscript received 27 July 1998, in ®nal form 22 December 1998) ABSTRACT The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Tropical Ocean±Global Atmosphere advanced analysis was used to study the mechanisms that affect the intensity of Typhoons Flo (1990) and Gene (1990). The out¯ow structure, eddy momentum ¯ux convergence, and the mean vertical wind shear were examined. The evolution of potential vorticity (PV) in the out¯ow layer showed low PV areas on top of both Typhoons Flo and Gene, and the low PV areas expanded as the typhoons intensi®ed. The out¯ow pattern of the two typhoons was in¯uenced by the upper-tropospheric environmental systems. The upper-level environmental fea- tures were shown to play a crucial role in the intensi®cation of the two typhoons. The tropical upper-tropospheric trough cell east of Flo provided the out¯ow channel for the typhoon. The enhanced out¯ow, the upper-level eddy ¯ux convergence (EFC), the low vertical wind shear, and the warm sea surface temperature provided all favorable conditions for the development of Flo. On the other hand, the intensi®cation of Gene was associated with its interaction with an upper-level midlatitude trough. The approach of the trough produced upper-level EFC of angular momentum outside 108 lat radius, and the EFC shifted inward with time. -
Large Intensity Changes in Tropical Cyclones: a Case Study of Supertyphoon Flo During TCM-90
3556 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 128 Large Intensity Changes in Tropical Cyclones: A Case Study of Supertyphoon Flo during TCM-90 DAVID W. T ITLEY AND RUSSELL L. ELSBERRY Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (Manuscript received 5 November 1998, in ®nal form 5 May 1999) ABSTRACT A unique dataset, recorded during the rapid intensi®cation and rapid decay of Typhoon Flo, is analyzed to isolate associated environmental conditions and key physical processes. This case occurred during the Tropical Cyclone Motion (TCM-90) ®eld experiment with enhanced observations, especially in the upper troposphere beyond about 300 km. These data have been analyzed with a four-dimensional data assimilation technique and a multiquadric interpolation technique. While both the ocean thermal structure and vertical wind shear are favorable, they do not explain the rapid intensi®cation or the rapid decay. A preconditioning phase is de®ned in which several interrelated factors combine to create favorable conditions: (i) a cyclonic wind burst occurs at 200 mb, (ii) vertical wind shear between 300 and 150 mb decreases 35%, (iii) the warm core is displaced upward, and (iv) 200-mb out¯ow becomes larger in the 400±1200-km radial band, while a layer of in¯ow develops below this out¯ow. These conditions appear to be forced by eddy ¯ux convergence (EFC) of angular momentum, which appears to act in a catalyst function as proposed by Pfeffer and colleagues, because the EFC then decreases to small values during the rapid intensi®cation stage. Similarly, the outer secondary circulation decreases during this stage, so that the rapid intensi®cation appears to be an internal (within 300 km) adjustment process that is perhaps triggered during the preconditioning phase. -
Title Characteristics of Landslides in Unwelded Pyroclastic Flow Deposits
Characteristics of landslides in unwelded pyroclastic flow Title deposits, southern Kyushu, Japan Author(s) Yamao, M.; Sidle, R. C.; Gomi, T.; Imaizumi, F. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (2016), 16(2): 617- Citation 627 Issue Date 2016-03-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/216389 © Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under the Creative Right Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 617–627, 2016 www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/16/617/2016/ doi:10.5194/nhess-16-617-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Characteristics of landslides in unwelded pyroclastic flow deposits, southern Kyushu, Japan M. Yamaoa,†, R. C. Sidle1, T. Gomi2, and F. Imaizumi3 1Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia 2Department of International Environmental and Agriculture Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 1585809, Japan 3Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836, Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 4228529, Japan aformerly at: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 6110011, Japan †deceased Correspondence to: R. C. Sidle ([email protected]) Received: 5 September 2015 – Published in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 27 October 2015 Revised: 22 January 2016 – Accepted: 29 January 2016 – Published: 3 March 2016 Abstract. We investigated 184 landslides that occurred in thresholds we have identified are useful for predicting the oc- unwelded pyroclastic flow deposits (Shirasu) on southern currence of different types of landslides in unwelded Shirasu Kyushu Island, Japan, that included detailed data on the rain- deposits and improving sediment disaster prevention prac- fall characteristics and the timing of slope failure. -
1990) and Gene (1990
DECEMBER 1999 WU AND CHENG 3003 An Observational Study of Environmental In¯uences on the Intensity Changes of Typhoons Flo (1990) and Gene (1990) CHUN-CHIEH WUANDHSIU-JU CHENG Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Manuscript received 27 July 1998, in ®nal form 22 December 1998) ABSTRACT The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Tropical Ocean±Global Atmosphere advanced analysis was used to study the mechanisms that affect the intensity of Typhoons Flo (1990) and Gene (1990). The out¯ow structure, eddy momentum ¯ux convergence, and the mean vertical wind shear were examined. The evolution of potential vorticity (PV) in the out¯ow layer showed low PV areas on top of both Typhoons Flo and Gene, and the low PV areas expanded as the typhoons intensi®ed. The out¯ow pattern of the two typhoons was in¯uenced by the upper-tropospheric environmental systems. The upper-level environmental fea- tures were shown to play a crucial role in the intensi®cation of the two typhoons. The tropical upper-tropospheric trough cell east of Flo provided the out¯ow channel for the typhoon. The enhanced out¯ow, the upper-level eddy ¯ux convergence (EFC), the low vertical wind shear, and the warm sea surface temperature provided all favorable conditions for the development of Flo. On the other hand, the intensi®cation of Gene was associated with its interaction with an upper-level midlatitude trough. The approach of the trough produced upper-level EFC of angular momentum outside 108 lat radius, and the EFC shifted inward with time. -
Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900-Present
DISASTER HISTORY Signi ficant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900 - Present Prepared for the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Agency for International Developnent Washington, D.C. 20523 Labat-Anderson Incorporated Arlington, Virginia 22201 Under Contract AID/PDC-0000-C-00-8153 INTRODUCTION The OFDA Disaster History provides information on major disasters uhich have occurred around the world since 1900. Informtion is mare complete on events since 1964 - the year the Office of Fore8jn Disaster Assistance was created - and includes details on all disasters to nhich the Office responded with assistance. No records are kept on disasters uhich occurred within the United States and its territories.* All OFDA 'declared' disasters are included - i.e., all those in uhich the Chief of the U.S. Diplmtic Mission in an affected country determined that a disaster exfsted uhich warranted U.S. govermnt response. OFDA is charged with responsibility for coordinating all USG foreign disaster relief. Significant anon-declared' disasters are also included in the History based on the following criteria: o Earthquake and volcano disasters are included if tbe mmber of people killed is at least six, or the total nmber uilled and injured is 25 or more, or at least 1,000 people art affect&, or damage is $1 million or more. o mather disasters except draught (flood, storm, cyclone, typhoon, landslide, heat wave, cold wave, etc.) are included if the drof people killed and injured totals at least 50, or 1,000 or mre are homeless or affected, or damage Is at least S1 mi 1l ion. o Drought disasters are included if the nunber affected is substantial.