Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2683–2695, 2016 www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/16/2683/2016/ doi:10.5194/nhess-16-2683-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The December 2012 Mayo River debris flow triggered by Super Typhoon Bopha in Mindanao, Philippines: lessons learned and questions raised Kelvin S. Rodolfo1,2, A. Mahar F. Lagmay3,4, Rodrigo C. Eco4, Tatum Miko L. Herrero4,a, Jerico E. Mendoza3, Likha G. Minimo4, and Joy T. Santiago3 1Professor Emeritus, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA 2Project NOAH consultant in 2013 3Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards, Department of Science and Technology, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 4Volcano-Tectonics Laboratory, National Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines anow at: Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems, GEOMAR – Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany Correspondence to: Kelvin S. Rodolfo (
[email protected]) Received: 28 March 2016 – Published in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 11 April 2016 Revised: 19 October 2016 – Accepted: 6 November 2016 – Published: 15 December 2016 Abstract. Category 5 Super Typhoon Bopha, the world’s postela Valley province. Debris flows, although among the worst storm of 2012, formed abnormally close to the Equator, world’s most destructive natural phenomena, are remarkably and its landfall on Mindanao set the record proximity to the misunderstood. Technically, debris flows are a type of land- Equator for its category. Its torrential rains generated an enor- slide (Pierson and Costa, 1987; Cruden and Varnes, 1996; mous debris flow in the Mayo River watershed that swept Hungr et al., 2001), but using the generic term “landslide” as away much of the village Andap in the New Bataan munici- a synonym for “debris flow” makes most people mistakenly pality, burying areas under rubble as thick as 9 m and killing think of rock masses detaching from a cliff and accumulating 566 people.