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Wind Speed-Damage Correlation in Hurricane Katrina
JP 1.36 WIND SPEED-DAMAGE CORRELATION IN HURRICANE KATRINA Timothy P. Marshall* Haag Engineering Co. Dallas, Texas 1. INTRODUCTION According to Knabb et al. (2006), Hurricane Katrina Mehta et al. (1983) and Kareem (1984) utilized the was the costliest hurricane disaster in the United States to concept of wind speed-damage correlation after date. The hurricane caused widespread devastation from Hurricanes Frederic and Alicia, respectively. In essence, Florida to Louisiana to Mississippi making a total of three each building acts like an anemometer that records the landfalls before dissipating over the Ohio River Valley. wind speed. A range of failure wind speeds can be The storm damaged or destroyed many properties, determined by analyzing building damage whereas especially near the coasts. undamaged buildings can provide upper bounds to the Since the hurricane, various agencies have conducted wind speeds. In 2006, WSEC developed a wind speed- building damage assessments to estimate the wind fields damage scale entitled the EF-scale, named after the late that occurred during the storm. The National Oceanic Dr. Ted Fujita. The author served on this committee. and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, 2005a) Wind speed-damage correlation is useful especially conducted aerial and ground surveys and published a when few ground-based wind speed measurements are wind speed map. Likewise, the Federal Emergency available. Such was the case in Hurricane Katrina when Management Agency (FEMA, 2006) conducted a similar most of the automated stations failed before the eye study and produced another wind speed map. Both reached the coast. However, mobile towers were studies used a combination of wind speed-damage deployed by Texas Tech University (TTU) at Slidell, LA correlation, actual wind measurements, as well as and Bay St. -
Texas Hurricane History
Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Preface 3 Climatology of Texas Tropical Cyclones 4 List of Texas Hurricanes 8 Tropical Cyclone Records in Texas 11 Hurricanes of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 12 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 13 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 16 The First Indianola Hurricane - 1875 21 Last Indianola Hurricane (1886)- The Storm That Doomed Texas’ Major Port 24 The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) 29 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 31 Corpus Christi’s Devastating Hurricane (1919) 38 San Antonio’s Great Flood – 1921 39 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 48 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 68 Acknowledgments 74 Bibliography 75 Preface Every year, about one hundred tropical disturbances roam the open Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. About fifteen of these become tropical depressions, areas of low pressure with closed wind patterns. Of the fifteen, ten become tropical storms, and six become hurricanes. Every five years, one of the hurricanes will become reach category five status, normally in the western Atlantic or western Caribbean. About every fifty years, one of these extremely intense hurricanes will strike the United States, with disastrous consequences. Texas has seen its share of hurricane activity over the many years it has been inhabited. Nearly five hundred years ago, unlucky Spanish explorers learned firsthand what storms along the coast of the Lone Star State were capable of. Despite these setbacks, Spaniards set down roots across Mexico and Texas and started colonies. Galleons filled with gold and other treasures sank to the bottom of the Gulf, off such locations as Padre and Galveston Islands. -
Floods Caused by Tropical Systems: Potomac River at Point of Rocks, MD
Floods Caused by Tropical Systems: Potomac River at Point of Rocks, MD Latitude: 39.274 Period of Record: 1889-Present Longitude: -77.543 Flood Stage: 16 Last Flood: 12/17/2018 Number of Floods: 121 Date of Flood Crest (ft) Streamflow (cfs) Weather Summary 9/1/1911 16.1 106,000 The first tropical cyclone of the 1911 season moved eastward across North Carolina and Virginia. 10/17/1954 21.02 130,000 Hurricane Hazel dumped 6- 10 inches of rain in the western portion of Virginia. 9/20/1945 21.98 139,000 The 1945 Southeast Florida Hurricane brought gusty winds and heavy rains to the Mid-Atlantic region. 8/20/1955 29.08 214,000 Hurricane Diane made landfall 5 days after Hurricane Connie. Hurricane Diane produced several inches of rain with locally heavier amounts of 10 to 20 inches. 9/26/1975 24.35 126,000 The remnants of Hurricane Eloise combined with a cold front and produced very heavy rainfall in the Mid- Atlantic. Washington, D.C. reported 9.08" of rainfall. Total damage for Virginia was estimated to be $17.2 million. 6/23/1972 37.43 347,000 Hurricane Agnes made landfall again over southeastern New York on June 22 and moved westward into Pennsylvania. Rainfall totals from June 20-25 range from 2-3 inches in the Upper Potomac to 18 inches near Shamokin, Pennsylvania. 10/1/1896 27.2 204,000 A hurricane knocked out communication in Richmond. Several buildings were unroofed in Petersburg. In Buena Vista, the fire department rescued people from their homes. -
FEMA FOIA Log – 2018
Mirandra Abrams, Monique any and all records concerning clients. Kindly provide our office with 10/4/2017 Sambursky a complete copy of clients entire file as it pertains as it pertains to Slone Sklarin Inquiry Number (b) (6) ; Voucher Number (b) (6) ; Payee Verveniotis Reference Number (b) (6) in your possession. 2017-FEFO-02138 - Masters, Mark all contract documents related to temporary staffing services 10/5/2017 contracts for emergency call center support for FEMA in the last five 2017-FEFO-02177 (5) years 2017-FEFO-02187 - (b) (6) all files, correspondence, or other records concerning yourself 10/6/2017 Dallas News Benning, Tom 1) All active FEMA contracts for manufactured housing units. 2) All 10/13/2017 active FEMA individual assistance/technical assistance contracts (IATACs). 3) All pre-event contracts for debris removal that are overseen by FEMA Region 6. 4) All pre-event contracts for housing assistance that are overseen by FEMA Region 6. 5) All noncompetitive disaster relief contracts approved by FEMA since August 14, 2017. 6) All non-local disaster relief contracts approved by FEMA since August 14, 2017, including the written justification 2017-FEFO-02214 for choosing a non-local vendor. FCI Keys, Clay a copy of any and all records related to [FEMA's] response to 10/23/2017 SEAGOVILLE hurricane Katrina, including all memoranda, communications and records of any kind and from any source from August 29, 2005 to 2012. (Date Range for Record Search: From 8/29/2005 To 2017-FEFO-02239 12/1/2012) - (b) (6) Any files related to yourself (Date Range for Record Search: From 10/24/2017 2017-FEFO-02240 1/1/2000 To 9/11/2017) - McClain, Don every individual who has requested assistance by FEMA from both 10/31/2017 Hurricane Irma and Harvey. -
Predictability of Explosive Cyclogenesis Over the Northwestern Pacific Region Using Ensemble Reanalysis
NOVEMBER 2013 K U W A N O - Y O S H I D A A N D E N O M O T O 3769 Predictability of Explosive Cyclogenesis over the Northwestern Pacific Region Using Ensemble Reanalysis AKIRA KUWANO-YOSHIDA Earth Simulator Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan TAKESHI ENOMOTO Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan (Manuscript received 1 June 2012, in final form 24 May 2013) ABSTRACT The predictability of explosive cyclones over the northwestern Pacific region is investigated using an en- semble reanalysis dataset. Explosive cyclones are categorized into two types according to whether the region of the most rapid development is in the Sea of Okhotsk or Sea of Japan (OJ) or in the northwestern Pacific Ocean (PO). Cyclone-relative composite analyses are performed for analysis increments (the differences between the analysis and the 6-h forecast) and ensemble spreads (the standard deviations of ensemble members of the analysis or first guess) at the time of the maximum deepening rate. The increment composite shows that the OJ explosive cyclone center is forecast too far north compared to the analyzed center, whereas the PO explosive cyclone is forecast shallower than the analyzed center. To understand the cause of these biases, a diagnosis of the increment using the Zwack–Okossi (Z-O) development equation is conducted. The results suggest that the increment characteristics of both the OJ and PO explosive cyclones are associated with the most important cyclone development mechanisms. The OJ explosive cyclone forecast error is related to a deeper upper trough, whereas the PO explosive cyclone error is related to weaker latent heat release in the model. -
UNDERSTANDING the GENESIS of HURRICANE VINCE THROUGH the SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION Kwan-Yin Kong City College of New York 1 1
9B.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GENESIS OF HURRICANE VINCE THROUGH THE SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION Kwan-yin Kong City College of New York 1 1. INTRODUCTION 20°W Hurricane Vince was one of the many extraordinary hurricanes that formed in the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Unlike Katrina, Rita, and Wilma, Vince was remarkable not because of intensity, nor the destruction it inflicted, but because of its defiance to our current understandings of hurricane formation. Vince formed in early October of 2005 in the far North Atlantic Ocean and acquired characteristics of a hurricane southeast of the Azores, an area previously unknown to hurricane formation. Figure 1 shows a visible image taken at 14:10 UTC on 9 October 2005 when Vince was near its peak intensity. There is little doubt that a hurricane with an eye surrounded by convection is located near 34°N, 19°W. A buoy located under the northern eyewall of the hurricane indicated a sea-surface temperature (SST) of 22.9°C, far below what is considered to be the 30°N minimum value of 26°C for hurricane formation (see insert of Fig. 3f). In March of 2004, a first-documented hurricane in the South Atlantic Ocean also formed over SST below this Figure 1 Color visible image taken at 14:10 UTC 9 October 2005 by Aqua. 26°C threshold off the coast of Brazil. In addition, cyclones in the Mediterranean and polar lows in sub-arctic seas had been synoptic flow serves to “steer” the forward motion of observed to acquire hurricane characteristics. -
Extended Abstract
THE REASONS FOR A REANALYSIS OF THE 1. The reanalysis with the satellite data after the TYPHOONS INTENSITY IN THE WESTERN reconnaissances era since August 1987 NORTH PACIFIC The most significant case was Typhoon Sally in September 1996 which was moving west-north-west 1 1 Karl Hoarau , Ludovic Chalonge and Jean-Paul when it was located east-north-east of the Philippines 2 Hoarau (ATCR, 1996). JTWC estimated the maximum intensity at 72 m/s on 7 th September at 1800Z while the RSMC 1. Introduction of Tokyo gave a sustained surface wind of 41 m/s at the same time and 44 m/s at 0000Z on 8 th (JMA, 1996). 41 At the time where a recent article (Webster and al., m/s and 44 m/s over 10 minutes match respectively 2005) claimed that the number of intense tropical with T 5.2 and T 5.5 in the Dvorak’scale used by cyclones have significantly increased since 1975, it was Tokyo. As JTWC used the sustained winds over 1 very urgent to have a view as objective as possible on minute and that 72 m/s represents T 7.0 in the 1984 the quality of the best track data. We chose the western Dvorak’scale, this means that there was a difference of North Pacific because this basin is the more active, it almost 2 T-numbers at 1800Z on 7 th and 1.5 T-number has the greatest number of cyclones at the at 0000Z on 8th. The 72 m/s estimated by JTWC have hurricane/typhoon's intensity (at least 33 m/s) and the been primarily based on the Objective Dvorak more important number of cyclones with a sustained Technique (ODT) tested with the typhoons displaying wind at or over 60 m/s (at least Category 4 of Saffir- an eye in the western North Pacific between 1995 and Simpson). -
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION Trevor Jones Geoscience Australia 1.1 Cities Project Perth Cities Project Perth is a natural hazard risk assessment study of the city of Perth by Geoscience Australia (GA) and its Federal, State and Local collaborators. Cities Project Perth has produced authoritative knowledge on the risks from sudden-onset natural hazards in Australia’s fourth largest city and the capital of the state of Western Australia (WA). Cities Project Perth is the most recent multi-hazard risk assessment undertaken by GA and collaborating agencies (notably the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) and local governments), following earlier studies of the Queensland cities of Cairns (Granger et al., 1999), Mackay (Middelmann and Granger, editors, 2000), Gladstone (Granger and Michael-Leiba, editors, 2001) and South-East Queensland (Granger and Hayne, editors, 2001). GA also published the single- hazard report Earthquake Risk in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie, New South Wales (Dhu and Jones, editors, 2002). This study is aimed at estimating the impact on the Perth community of several sudden-onset natural hazards. The natural hazards considered are both meteorological and terrestrial in origin. The hazards investigated most comprehensively are riverine floods in the Swan and Canning Rivers, severe winds in metropolitan Perth, and earthquakes in the Perth region. Some socioeconomic factors affecting the capacity of the citizens of Perth to recover from natural disaster events have been analysed and the WA data compared with data from other Australian states. Additionally, new estimates of earthquake hazard have been made in a zone of radius around 200 km from Perth, extending east into the central Wheatbelt. -
Port Related Structures on the Coast of Western Australia
Port Related Structures on the Coast of Western Australia By: D.A. Cumming, D. Garratt, M. McCarthy, A. WoICe With <.:unlribuliuns from Albany Seniur High Schoul. M. Anderson. R. Howard. C.A. Miller and P. Worsley Octobel' 1995 @WAUUSEUM Report: Department of Matitime Archaeology, Westem Australian Maritime Museum. No, 98. Cover pholograph: A view of Halllelin Bay in iL~ heyday as a limber porl. (W A Marilime Museum) This study is dedicated to the memory of Denis Arthur Cuml11ing 1923-1995 This project was funded under the National Estate Program, a Commonwealth-financed grants scheme administered by the Australian HeriL:'lge Commission (Federal Government) and the Heritage Council of Western Australia. (State Govenlluent). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Heritage Council of Western Australia Mr lan Baxter (Director) Mr Geny MacGill Ms Jenni Williams Ms Sharon McKerrow Dr Lenore Layman The Institution of Engineers, Australia Mr Max Anderson Mr Richard Hartley Mr Bmce James Mr Tony Moulds Mrs Dorothy Austen-Smith The State Archive of Westem Australia Mr David Whitford The Esperance Bay HistOIical Society Mrs Olive Tamlin Mr Merv Andre Mr Peter Anderson of Esperance Mr Peter Hudson of Esperance The Augusta HistOIical Society Mr Steve Mm'shall of Augusta The Busselton HistOlical Societv Mrs Elizabeth Nelson Mr Alfred Reynolds of Dunsborough Mr Philip Overton of Busselton Mr Rupert Genitsen The Bunbury Timber Jetty Preservation Society inc. Mrs B. Manea The Bunbury HistOlical Society The Rockingham Historical Society The Geraldton Historical Society Mrs J Trautman Mrs D Benzie Mrs Glenis Thomas Mr Peter W orsley of Gerald ton The Onslow Goods Shed Museum Mr lan Blair Mr Les Butcher Ms Gaye Nay ton The Roebourne Historical Society. -
The Life Cycle of Upper-Level Troughs and Ridges: a Novel Detection Method, Climatologies and Lagrangian Characteristics
Weather Clim. Dynam., 1, 459–479, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-459-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The life cycle of upper-level troughs and ridges: a novel detection method, climatologies and Lagrangian characteristics Sebastian Schemm, Stefan Rüdisühli, and Michael Sprenger Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Correspondence: Sebastian Schemm ([email protected]) Received: 12 March 2020 – Discussion started: 3 April 2020 Revised: 4 August 2020 – Accepted: 26 August 2020 – Published: 10 September 2020 Abstract. A novel method is introduced to identify and track diagnostics such as E vectors. During La Niña, the situa- the life cycle of upper-level troughs and ridges. The aim is tion is essentially reversed. The orientation of troughs and to close the existing gap between methods that detect the ridges also depends on the jet position. For example, dur- initiation phase of upper-level Rossby wave development ing midwinter over the Pacific, when the subtropical jet is and methods that detect Rossby wave breaking and decay- strongest and located farthest equatorward, cyclonically ori- ing waves. The presented method quantifies the horizontal ented troughs and ridges dominate the climatology. Finally, trough and ridge orientation and identifies the correspond- the identified troughs and ridges are used as starting points ing trough and ridge axes. These allow us to study the dy- for 24 h backward parcel trajectories, and a discussion of the namics of pre- and post-trough–ridge regions separately. The distribution of pressure, potential temperature and potential method is based on the curvature of the geopotential height vorticity changes along the trajectories is provided to give in- at a given isobaric surface and is computationally efficient. -
Caracterización De Dos Eventos Hidrológicos Ocurridos En Los Años 1988 Y 2011 En El Valle De México
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA Portada Caracterización de dos eventos hidrológicos ocurridos en los años 1988 y 2011 en el Valle de México TESIS Que para obtener el título de Ingeniero Civil P R E S E N T A David Romero García DIRECTOR DE TESIS Maritza Liliana Arganis Juárez Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., 2017 Dedicatoria A Dios, mi familia y amigos Agradecimientos Agradezco a la Dra. Maritza Arganis, por dirigir esta tesis, por brindarme su tiempo y apoyo; Al Dr. Ramón Domínguez por revisar y realizar comentarios que enriquecieron este trabajo, Mtra Guadalupe Fuentes, M. I. Hugo Haaz y M. I. Takashi Sepúlveda, gracias por su atención y comentarios para la culminación de este trabajo. Al instituto de Ingeniería de la UNAM y al Programa de Estudiantes del Instituto de Ingeniería. ÍNDICES Índices Índice general I Introducción ......................................................................................................................... 1 I. i Planteamiento del problema .......................................................................................... 1 I. ii Justificación .................................................................................................................. 3 I. iii Objetivos ....................................................................................................................... 4 Objetivo general ............................................................................................................................... 4 Objetivos particulares -
Explosive Cyclogenesis: a Global Climatology Comparing Multiple Reanalyses
6468 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 23 Explosive Cyclogenesis: A Global Climatology Comparing Multiple Reanalyses JOHN T. ALLEN,ALEXANDRE B. PEZZA, AND MITCHELL T. BLACK The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Manuscript received 17 September 2009, in final form 23 August 2010) ABSTRACT A global climatology for rapid cyclone intensification has been produced from the second NCEP reanalysis (NCEP2), the 25-yr Japanese Reanalysis (JRA-25), and the ECMWF reanalyses over the period 1979–2008. An improved (combined) criterion for identifying explosive cyclones has been developed based on preexisting definitions, offering a more balanced, normalized climatological distribution. The combined definition was found to significantly alter the population of explosive cyclones, with a reduction in ‘‘artificial’’ systems, which are found to compose 20% of the population determined by earlier definitions. Seasonally, winter was found to be the dominant formative period in both hemispheres, with a lower degree of interseasonal variability in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Considered over the period 1979–2008, little change is observed in the frequency of systems outside of natural interannual variability in either hemisphere. Significant statistical differences have been found between reanalyses in the SH, while in contrast the Northern Hemisphere (NH) was characterized by strong positive correlations between reanalyses in almost all examined cases. Spatially, explosive cyclones are distributed into several distinct regions, with two regions in the northwest Pacific and the North Atlantic in the NH and three main regions in the SH. High-resolution and modern reanalysis data were also found to increase the climatology population of rapidly intensifying systems. This indicates that the reanalyses have apparently undergone increasing improvements in consistency over time, particularly in the SH.