DOCSLIB.ORG

Recent Wind-Induced Disasters and Full-Scale Storm Simulator To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Recent Wind-Induced Disasters and Full-Scale Storm Simulator To Recent Wind-induced Disasters and Full-Scale Storm Simulator to Minimize Future Wind-Related Disasters Yukio Tamura [email protected] Program Coordinator, Win Engineering JURC, Tokyo Polytechnic University Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University Strong Wind Events Monsoon Extra-tropical Cyclone Tropical Cyclone (Typhoon, Hurricane, Cyclone) Tornado Downburst Dust Devil Gravity Wind (Katabatic Wind) etc. From the Past to the Future The past is history. The future is a mystery. And this moment is a gift. That’s why it’s called the present． The past is history. Japan Wind-induced Damage to Tall Buildings Typhoon Muroto Sep. 21, 1934. Shiten’noji 5-story Pagoda 47.8m-high (Wooden Structure) Max Peak Gust > 60m/s 1934 (Osaka, Japan, ASAHI NEWS PAPER Italy Wind-induced Damage to Tall Buildings Mole Antonelliana (Turin, Italy, 1953) LA DOMENICA DEL CORRIERE “The Mole Antonelliana collapses. An extraordinary wind storm occurred in Turin on May 23, 1953, breaking off the spire of the famous monument, and causing the collapse of a 45-meter length. The Mole Antonelliana was the tallest masonry building in Europe (167.5m)” 1953 Bangladesh Cyclone Bhora November 7 – 13, 1970 India, East Pakistan (Bangladesh, 1971) Recorded 1min Mean: 57m/s Pressure: 966hPa Economic Loss: 0.46B USD Fatalities: 300,000-500,000 1970 Japan Damage due to Typhoon 7513 Hachijo-Island Max Recorded Peak Gust 67.8m/s 1975 TYPHOON 7513, 1975 5 Bangladesh Tornado Disasters in Bangladesh 300/year Statistics in 36 years (1961 – 1996) Total Fatalities: 10,766 Total Number of Tornados Recognized: 199 Fatalities > 100 people : 20 Tornados Fatalities > 500 people 7 Tornados Ex. Tangail Tornado 1996: 700 Fatalities Manikganj Tornado 1989: 1,170 Fatalities And this moment is a gift. Pressures acting on a low-rise building （Wind Tunnel Test, Shimizu Corporation） Increase of Wind Forces due to Openings － ＋ ＋ － (Vertical Section) Increase of Wind Forces due to Openings － － ＋ － － (Plane Section) Japan Yamaguchi Information and Art Center, Typhoon Songda in 2004 2004 Completed in 2003, Japan Japan Damage to Steel Roof SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan Typhoon Chaba , 2004 S Dimples D S 2004(Kyodo) Striations Japan Membrane Damage to Dome Structure Typhoon Songda（2004） ・Wooden Truss ・Glass Fiber Teflon Lined (t = 0.8mm) 2004 Japan Damage due to Typhoon Tokage October 20, 2004 Hiroshima Engineered Non-engineered 2004 Japan Nobeoka and Saroma Tornados Debris Impact Nobeoka (Sep. 17, 2006) Saroma (Nov. 7, 2006) 2006 Damage Chain - Impacts of Wind-borne Debris - Damage to Openings/Cladding/Components - Sudden Change in Internal Pressure Damage Correlation (Uematsu, 1992) Bangladesh Cyclone Sidr, November 15, 2007, Bangladesh Fatalities/missing: 4,234 Family Affected: 2,064,026 Lowest Pressure: 944hPa People Affected: 8,923,259 Houses Damaged: 1,518,942 Peak Gust: 62 - 66m/s Crops Damaged (acre):2,472,944 69m/s（BMD）Trees Destroyed: 4,065,316 Disaster Management Information Centre Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) Ministry of Food and Disaster Management T. Hayashi (2009) 2007 USA Temporary Shutdown of Nuclear Power Plants by Tornado April 16, 2011, Dominion Virginia Power, Surry County, Virginia, USA : 2 reactors shut down April 27, 2011, Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant, Athens, Alabama, USA : 3 reactors shut down Knock-down of external power lines Back up generators kicked in at the plant 2011 Tsukuba Tornado (JMA F3) Japan May 6, 2012 Blow-off of Second Floor Roof Weight of 2F DueLift-up to Window Critical Roof PaneWind Breakage Speed W = 81kN = 7.575m VLU = 77m/s56m/s D ベランダ 2012B = 10.91m Koshigaya Tornado（Ｆ2） Japan September 2, 2013（around 2:00pm） Blown-Off of a Light Weight House Overturning W.S. 49m/s Lift‐up W.S. 59m/s More than 50m/s 2012 The Philippines Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda in Philippines） Nov. 8, 2013 Death & Missing 7,986 NDRRMC (2014/01/14) Nov. 11 21:00 Lowest 895hPa Nov. 4 9:00 November 8, 2013 Max 3s gust 57 m/s (observed) 2013 Max 3s gust 78 m/s (estimated) Meteorological InformationThe Philippines JTWC： 105 m/s（3s Peak Gust） 87.5m/s（1min Mean） JMA：Typhoon 895 hPa（2013/11/8） Position Table 65 m/s（10min Mean） 90 m/s（3s Peak Gust） NDRRMC：SWB 76 m/s（3s Peak Gust） Recorded Maximum Wind Speed and Lowest Pressure (PAGASA) Roxas City, Capiz： 57 m/s（3s Peak Gust） Guiuan, Samar： 910 hPa（2013/11/8/5:00） 78 m/s（3s Peak Gust） 2013 Estimated from Pressures Meteorological InformationThe Philippines Tacloban Airport Weather Station Early Morning, : All records were lost due to a November 8, 2013 7m-high storm surge Visual Observation : 65～69 m/s （3s Peak Gust） by an Officer： 2013 Bending Deformation of RebarsThe Philippines Tanauan, Leyte Evaluated Peak Gust: 65m/s～70m/s 2013 The Philippines Tanauan School of Craftsmanship Tanauan, Leyte - Low strength of CHB wall - Insufficient connection to substructure External Pressure on Gable-end Wall －Large ＋ Resultant Force Inside View Negative Internal Pressure due to Jalousie Windows 2013 Damage to Roof The Philippines Eastern Visayas State University Tanauan, Leyte Completely Destroyed Buildings 2013 The Philippines Eastern Visayas State University Tanauan, Leyte - Gable End Stiffener - Appropriate End Finishing Debris Imprints 2013 (by Japanese Government Aid) The Philippines Sagkahan National High School Palo, Leyte End Stiffener Appropriate end finishing Almost no damage 2013 (by Japanese Government Aid) The Philippines Basey Central II Elementary School Basey, Samar Gable End Stiffener Debris Imprint Right: Serious Damage to Roof (by Japanese Government Aid) Minor Damage 2013 Leyte Convention CenterThe Philippines Palo, Leyte Beam Support Beam Support Collapse Leeward Frames (High Stiffness) 2013 WindwardWindward FramesFrames Leyte Convention CenterThe Philippines Palo, Leyte Ventilating Openings Windward Frame 2013 EGS Contact Center The Philippines Palo, Leyte Windward Gable End 2013 India Cyclone Hudhud October 7 – 14, 2014 Pressure: 960hPa (Min. estimated 937hPa, JTWC) Wind Speed: 55m/s (3s Gust, Indian Met. Dept.) 49m/s (3min mean) 2014 India Cyclone Hudhud October 7 – 14, 2014 Fatalities 96 Economic Loss 11 BillionUSD Affected Area ・Andaman and Nicobar Islands ・Andhra Pradesh ・Odisha ・Chhattisgarh ・Madhya Pradesh ・Uttar Pradesh ・Nepal Damage to Buildings (1) Light Roofs (2) Glass Facades (3) Canopy Roofs of Gas-stations 2014 (Achal Mittal, CSIR-CBRI Roorkee) Japan The Number of Fatalities due to Natural Hazards in Japan Great East Japan Earthquake 2011 7,000 Makurazaki Typhoon 1945 Nankai Earthquake 1946 Kobe Earthquake 199519,100 6,000 Typhoon Kathleen 1947 Fukui Earthquake 1948 5,000 Tohyamaru Typhoon 1954 Kanogawa Typhoon 1958 4,000 Isewan Typhoon 1959 Disaster Countermeasure 3,000 Basic Act 1961 2,000 1,000 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2011 (Disaster Prevention White Paper, Cabinet Office, Japan, 2008) Japan The Number of Fatalities 1951-1990 (Fukumasa, 1992) The Number of Fatalities The Number ←The Os Index of Typhoon Size and Intensity Japan Total Collapse Ratio of Wooden Houses Based on Hayashi & Mitsuta (1992) and Ishizaki et al.(1970) 100% V 5 T7709 T7513 T6618 10 T6816 Before 1980 T5915 1 T7705 0.1 Wooden Houses 0.01Wooden T9119 Total Collapse Ratio of Total 0.001 10 2030 50 70 100 Peak Gust V (m/s) Japan Rate of Damaged Residential Houses due to Typhoon Mireille (T9119) General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (1998) Wind Speed (3s Damage Rate gust) Vp (m/s) R (%) 20 0.0086 30 0.1800 40 1.6000 50 8.7000 60 34.00000 (Cost of Damage > 200,000JPY) Japan Reduction of the Number of Fatalities Reasons Improvement of Quality of Houses Development of Weather Forecast and Typhoon Prediction Techniques （Weather Satellite, Computer Simulation） Development of Communication Technology such as TV, Internet, Cell-phone → Reduction of Fatalities Development and Improvement of Disaster Prevention Measures Development and Improvement of Infrastructures such as Rivers, Ports, Roads, etc. Development of Wind Resistant Design Methods Toward More Realistic Experiments Active Multi-fans Wind Tunnel Miyazaki University (1997) Unsteady Flow Simulation Control of Turbulence Scale 99 fans Wind Speed Wind Pressure 45 (Cao et al.) Active Multi-fans Climate Wind Tunnel Tokyo Polytechnic University (2010) Environmental Field - Individually controllable 48 fans - Velocity, Temperature, Humidity ・Skin Temperature ・Sweating ・Brain Waves ・Heart Rate ・Human Comfort 46 Jules Verne Climatic Wind Tunnel (CSTB) Rain 200mm/h Max. Wind Speed 80m/s Snow 200mm/h (10m×10m) Jules Verne Climatic Wind Tunnel (CSTB) Wind Resistance ・Full-scale Low-rise Houses ・Roofing ・Walls Aerodynamic characteristics ・Train ・Car Combined Phenomena ・Rain ・Snow ・Solar Heating Toward “Full-scale” Simulation - 50y, 100y, 1000y-recurrence Very Rare Events : being under-controlled The Three Little Pigs’ Project, UWO G. Kopp et al., 2008 Wall of Wind: University of Florida Rain! F. Masters, K. Gurley and D. Prevatt, 2008 Wind Storm Generator Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) Research Institute, Chester, SC, USA (2010) Test Chamber Plan = 44.2m44.2m Height = 18.2m IBHS Research Institute Max Wind Speed 53m/s: Category 3 Hurricane F2 Tornado IBHS Research Institute ・105 Axial Flow Fans - 350hp/each - Φ＝1.68m ・3 layers and 5 columns： 15 cells are independently controlled. ・30Mega Watt （100KV Transmission Line） Wind Engineering, Energy & Environment (WindEEE) Dome University of Western Ontario, Canada (October 17, 2013) Inner Dome Diameter: 25m Outer Return Dome Diameter: 40m Tornado-Like Flow: 6m Equivalent of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Typhoon Neoguri Disaster Risk Reduction Situation Report1 DRR Sitrep 2014‐001 ‐ Updated July 8, 2014, 10:00 CET
    Typhoon Neoguri Disaster Risk Reduction Situation Report1 DRR sitrep 2014‐001 ‐ updated July 8, 2014, 10:00 CET Summary Report Ongoing typhoon situation The storm had lost strength early Tuesday July 8, going from the equivalent of a Category 5 hurricane to a Category 3 on the Saffir‐Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which means devastating damage is expected to occur, with major damage to well‐built framed homes, snapped or uprooted trees and power outages. It is approaching Okinawa, Japan, and is moving northwest towards South Korea and the Philippines, bringing strong winds, flooding rainfall and inundating storm surge. Typhoon Neoguri is a once‐in‐a‐decade storm and Japanese authorities have extended their highest storm alert to Okinawa's main island. The Global Assessment Report (GAR) 2013 ranked Japan as first among countries in the world for both annual and maximum potential losses due to cyclones. It is calculated that Japan loses on average up to $45.9 Billion due to cyclonic winds every year and that it can lose a probable maximum loss of $547 Billion.2 What are the most devastating cyclones to hit Okinawa in recent memory? There have been 12 damaging cyclones to hit Okinawa since 1945. Sustaining winds of 81.6 knots (151 kph), Typhoon “Winnie” caused damages of $5.8 million in August 1997. Typhoon "Bart", which hit Okinawa in October 1999 caused damages of $5.7 million. It sustained winds of 126 knots (233 kph). The most damaging cyclone to hit Japan was Super Typhoon Nida (reaching a peak intensity of 260 kph), which struck Japan in 2004 killing 287 affecting 329,556 people injuring 1,483, and causing damages amounting to $15 Billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Soaring Weather
    Chapter 16 SOARING WEATHER While horse racing may be the "Sport of Kings," of the craft depends on the weather and the skill soaring may be considered the "King of Sports." of the pilot. Forward thrust comes from gliding Soaring bears the relationship to flying that sailing downward relative to the air the same as thrust bears to power boating. Soaring has made notable is developed in a power-off glide by a conven­ contributions to meteorology. For example, soar­ tional aircraft. Therefore, to gain or maintain ing pilots have probed thunderstorms and moun­ altitude, the soaring pilot must rely on upward tain waves with findings that have made flying motion of the air. safer for all pilots. However, soaring is primarily To a sailplane pilot, "lift" means the rate of recreational. climb he can achieve in an up-current, while "sink" A sailplane must have auxiliary power to be­ denotes his rate of descent in a downdraft or in come airborne such as a winch, a ground tow, or neutral air. "Zero sink" means that upward cur­ a tow by a powered aircraft. Once the sailcraft is rents are just strong enough to enable him to hold airborne and the tow cable released, performance altitude but not to climb. Sailplanes are highly 171 r efficient machines; a sink rate of a mere 2 feet per second. There is no point in trying to soar until second provides an airspeed of about 40 knots, and weather conditions favor vertical speeds greater a sink rate of 6 feet per second gives an airspeed than the minimum sink rate of the aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Casualty Week Sep 10
    Lloyd’s Casualty Week contains information from worldwide sources of Marine, Non-Marine and Aviation casualties together with other reports Lloyd's relevant to the shipping, transport and insurance communities CasualtyWeek September 10 2004 UASC master pays heaviest penalty for pollution HE Pakistani master of a the head of a 5 km long, 50 m wide Last year, the government United Arab Shipping slick off Cap Couronne, west of signalled its intention to get tough on T container vessel has Marseilles. marine waste dumping off its coasts received what is thought to be by transferring jurisdiction for the heaviest sentence imposed The master of the Cimil was 29- deliberate offshore pollution from by a French court since the year-old Bourak Vurnal, but, as in the Paris to courts in Marseilles, Brest case of the Khaled Ibn al-Waleed , the French authorities began and Le Havre. taking tougher action to stamp vessel’s owner, given by Equasis as out marine pollution off its Cimil Denizcilik of Istanbul, was Fine dodging coasts. ordered to pay the bulk of the fine — in this case euro 290,000. Since then, the courts have sought The Marseilles criminal court to prevent fine dodging by masters Waste dumping imposed on 54-year-old Anis Yazdani and owners by bringing offending Zuberi a 12-month suspended prison vessels into port and ordering sentence and a euro 500,000 Damages ranging from euro 3,000 payment of heavy bail as a condition ($600,000) fine, although it stipulated to euro 18,000 were also awarded to of their release.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Storm Surge in Seto Inland Sea with Consideration Of
    STORM SURGE IN SETO INLAND SEA WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE IMPACTS OF WAVE BREAKING ON SURFACE CURRENTS Han Soo Lee1, Takao Yamashita1, Tomoaki Komaguchi2, and Toyoaki Mishima3 Storm surge and storm wave simulations in Seto Inland Sea (SIS) in Japan were conducted for Typhoon Yancy (9313) and Chaba (0416) using an atmosphere (MM5)-wave (SWAN)-ocean (POM) modeling system. In the coupled modeling system, a new method for wave-current interaction in terms of momentum transfer due to whitecapping in deep water and depth-induced wave breaking in shallow water was considered. The calculated meteorological and wave fields show good agreement with the observations in SIS and its vicinities. The storm surge results also exhibit good accordance with the observations in SIS. To resolve a number of islands in SIS, we also performed numerical experiments with different grid resolutions and obtained improved results from higher resolutions in wave and ocean circulation fields. Keywords: Seto Inland Sea; storm surge; atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model; air-sea interaction; whitecapping; depth-induced wave breaking INTRODUCTION Storm surge due to tropical cyclones (TCs) varies from place to place depending on the geographical features of the place we are interested in such as the effect of surrounding topography on meteorological fields, geographical shape of the bay or harbor, underwater bathymetry, tide, and interaction with other water bodies including rivers and open seas and oceans. In the storm surge modeling it is difficult to consider all of these effects such that we have to compromise some of them for simplifying a problem, more efficient modeling and engineering purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Large-Eddy Simulations of Dust Devils and Convective Vortices
    Large-Eddy Simulations of Dust Devils and Convective Vortices Aymeric Spiga, Erika Barth, Zhaolin Gu, Fabian Hoffmann, Junshi Ito, Bradley Jemmett-Smith, Martina Klose, Seiya Nishizawa, Siegfried Raasch, Scot Rafkin, et al. To cite this version: Aymeric Spiga, Erika Barth, Zhaolin Gu, Fabian Hoffmann, Junshi Ito, et al.. Large-Eddy Simulations of Dust Devils and Convective Vortices. Space Science Reviews, Springer Verlag, 2016, 203, pp.245 - 275. 10.1007/s11214-016-0284-x. hal-01457992 HAL Id: hal-01457992 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01457992 Submitted on 6 Feb 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Large-Eddy Simulations of dust devils and convective vortices Aymeric Spiga∗1, Erika Barth2, Zhaolin Gu3, Fabian Hoffmann4, Junshi Ito5, Bradley Jemmett-Smith6, Martina Klose7, Seiya Nishizawa8, Siegfried Raasch9, Scot Rafkin10, Tetsuya Takemi11, Daniel Tyler12, and Wei Wei13 1 Laboratoire de M´et´eorologieDynamique, UMR CNRS 8539, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Universit´es,UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France 2SouthWest
    [Show full text]
  • Extending Effect of a Wind Disturbance: Mortality of Abies Sachalinensis Following a Strong Typhoon in a Natural Mixed Title Forest
    Extending effect of a wind disturbance: mortality of Abies sachalinensis following a strong typhoon in a natural mixed Title forest Author(s) Sato, Tsuyoshi; Yamazaki, Haruka; Yoshida, Toshiya Journal of Forest Research, 22(6), 336-342 Citation https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2017.1381492 Issue Date 2017-09 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/71620 This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Forest Research on September Rights 2017, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13416979.2017.1381492 . Type article (author version) File Information Journal of Forest Research_22(6)_336-342.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Extending effect of a wind disturbance: mortality of Abies sachalinensis following a strong typhoon in a natural mixed forest Tsuyoshi Sato Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University; 250 Tokuda, Nayoro, 096-0071, Hokkaido, Japan Haruka Yamazaki Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University; 250 Tokuda, Nayoro, 096-0071, Hokkaido, Japan Toshiya Yoshida * Uryu Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University; Moshiri, Horokanai, 074-0741, Hokkaido, Japan * Corresponding author: [email protected] Tel: +81-165-38-2125 Fax: +81-165-38-2410 Extending effect of a wind disturbance: mortality of Abies sachalinensis following a strong typhoon in a natural mixed forest Strong wind constitutes the major force behind disturbance of northern Japanese forests. Canopy gaps induced by disturbance are responsible for subsequent recovery of the stand (i.e., enhancement of growth and recruitment). There is also a possibility that a sudden change in stand structure, involving significant microclimatic alterations, results in further stand degradation.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan's Insurance Market 2020
    Japan’s Insurance Market 2020 Japan’s Insurance Market 2020 Contents Page To Our Clients Masaaki Matsunaga President and Chief Executive The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited 1 1. The Risks of Increasingly Severe Typhoons How Can We Effectively Handle Typhoons? Hironori Fudeyasu, Ph.D. Professor Faculty of Education, Yokohama National University 2 2. Modeling the Insights from the 2018 and 2019 Climatological Perils in Japan Margaret Joseph Model Product Manager, RMS 14 3. Life Insurance Underwriting Trends in Japan Naoyuki Tsukada, FALU, FUWJ Chief Underwriter, Manager, Underwriting Team, Life Underwriting & Planning Department The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited 20 4. Trends in Japan’s Non-Life Insurance Industry Underwriting & Planning Department The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited 25 5. Trends in Japan's Life Insurance Industry Life Underwriting & Planning Department The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited 32 Company Overview 37 Supplemental Data: Results of Japanese Major Non-Life Insurance Companies for Fiscal 2019, Ended March 31, 2020 (Non-Consolidated Basis) 40 ©2020 The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited. All rights reserved. The contents may be reproduced only with the written permission of The Toa Reinsurance Company, Limited. To Our Clients It gives me great pleasure to have the opportunity to welcome you to our brochure, ‘Japan’s Insurance Market 2020.’ It is encouraging to know that over the years our brochures have been well received even beyond our own industry’s boundaries as a source of useful, up-to-date information about Japan’s insurance market, as well as contributing to a wider interest in and understanding of our domestic market. During fiscal 2019, the year ended March 31, 2020, despite a moderate recovery trend in the first half, uncertainties concerning the world economy surged toward the end of the fiscal year, affected by the spread of COVID-19.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dryline______1900 English Road, Amarillo, TX 79108 806.335.1121
    TThhee DDrryylliinnee The Official Newsletter of the National Weather Service in Amarillo TEXAS COUNTY EARNS Summer STORMREADY® RECOGNITION 2008 FROM TORNADOES TO FLOODS, TEXAS COUNTY IS PREPARED By Steve Drillette, Warning Coordination Meteorologist Tornadoes, Landspouts and Texas County was presented with a NOAA National Weather Service Dust Devils – Certificate recognizing local officials and citizens for their efforts in Page 2 earning the distinguished StormReady® designation. The ceremony was held April 7, 2008 at the County Courthouse in Guymon. Texas Flood Safety – th County became the 11 StormReady Community to be recognized Page 4 across the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles since our first community was recognized in 2002. Weather Review The ceremony was led by Jose Garcia, Meteorologist-In-Charge of the and Outlook – National Weather Service office in Amarillo. Mr. Garcia presented Page 6 Texas County Emergency Manager, Harold Tyson, with a StormReady® certificate and two StormReady® highway signs. Mr. In YOUR Kevin Starbuck, Emergency Management Coordinator of Amarillo and Community – member of the Amarillo StormReady® Advisory Board, also Page 7 participated in the presentation. Guymon Emergency Manager Clark Purdy, several county commissioners and other local officials were also on hand to accept the awards. NWS OFFICE FAREWELLS – StormReady® is a voluntary program, and is offered as a means of Page 8 providing guidance and incentive to local and county officials interested in improving hazardous weather operations. To receive StormReady® recognition, communities are required to meet minimum criteria in hazardous weather preparedness, as established through a partnership of the NWS and federal, state, and local emergency management professionals. ―Texas County officials are to be commended for their efforts in meeting and exceeding the StormReady® criteria,‖ said Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • DUST DEVIL METEOROLOGY Jack R
    NOAA~NWS /1(}q, 3~;).. ~ . NOAA Technicai ·Memoran_dlim Nws·CR-42 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminlstretian National Weather Service DUST 1DEV-IL... ,. METEOROLOGY.. .. ... .... - 1!. Jack ,R. .Cooley \ i ,. CiHTRAL REGION Kansas City.. Mo. () U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NOAA Technical Memoran:l.um NWS CR-42 Il.JST DEVIL METEOROLOGY Jack R. Cooley CENTRAL REJJION KANSAS CITY, MISSOORI May 1971 CONTENTS () l. Page No. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Some Early Accounts of Dust Devils 1 1.2 Definition 2 1.3 The Atmospheric Circulation Family 2 1.4 Other Similar Small-Scale Circulations 2 1.41 Small Waterspouts 3 l. 42 Whirlies 3 1.43 Fire 1-!hirhdnds 3 1.44 Whirlwinds Associated With Cold Fronts 4 l. 5 Damage Caused by Dust Devils 4 1.51 Dust DeVils Vs. Aircraft Safety 5 2. FORMATION 5 2.1 Optimum Locations (Macro and Micro) 5 2.2 Optimum Time of Occurrence (During Day and Year) 6 2.3 Conditions Favoring Dust Devil Formation 7 2.31 Factors Favoring Steep Lapse Rates Near the Ground 7 A. Large Incident Solar Radiation Angles 7 B. Minimum Cloudiness 7 C. Lmr Humidity 8 D. Dry Barren Soil 8 E. Surface Winds Below a Critical Value 9 2.32 Potential Lapse Rates Near the Ground 9 2.33 Favorable Air Flow 12 2 ,34 Abundant Surface Material 12 2.35 Level Terrain 13 2.4 Triggering Devices 13 2.5 Size and Shape 14. 2.6 Dust Size·and Distribution 14 2.7 Duration 15 2.8 Direction of Rotation 16 2.9 Lateral Speed and Direction of Movement 17 3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mechanism of the Storm Surges in the Seto Inland Sea Caused By
    Technical Review No. 9 (March 2007) RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center The Mechanism of the Storm Surges in the Seto Inland Sea Caused by Typhoon Chaba (0416) Nadao KOHNO Typhoon Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1Nagamine, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan Kazuo KAMAKURA, Hiroaki MINEMATSU*, Yukihiro YORIOKA, Kazuhisa HISASHIGE, Eichi SHIMIZU, Yuichi SATO, Akifumi FUKUNAGA, Yoshihiko TANIWAKI, and Shigekazu TANIJO Observation and Forecast Division, Takamatsu Local Observatory, 1277-1 Fuki-ishi, Takamatsu 761-8071, Japan Abstract Typhoon Chaba in 2004 made landfall on the southeastern Kyushu and went through Chugoku (western part of Japan’s Main Island) on 30 August, causing large storm surges in the Seto Inland Sea (SIS). The high tide records were broken at tide stations in Takamatsu and Uno Ports. We analyzed the tidal data and simulated this case with a numerical storm surge model. The storm surges moved eastward along with the passage of the typhoon, and it was favorably simulated. The results revealed that the wind set-up basically played a key role in causing the large storm surges. However, the maximum storm surge (MSS) in Takamatsu did not occur when the typhoon was the nearest to the city, but about 2 hours later. Since the time of MSS approximately corresponds to the high spring tide time, the record breaking storm tide was observed there. Moreover, we found the SIS can be divided into 6 areas according to the characteristics of sea topography and dominant wind direction by the typhoon. We also investigated the degrees of the contribution of two main factors of storm surges, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Hawaiii Library a Path Toward Gender
    UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIII LIBRARY A PATH TOWARD GENDER EQUALITY: STATE FEMINISM IN JAPAN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DECEMBER 2002 By Yoshie Kobayashi Dissertation Committee: Yasumasa Kuroda, Chairperson Kathy E. Ferguson James A. Dator KateZhou Takie S. Lebra ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many individuals and institutions for help with the writing of this dissertation. Singled out first for thanks are five professors at the University of Hawai'i, Manoa, who assisted me to shape the content of this dissertation. I am especially grateful to Yasumasa Kuroda, who was the supervisor of my dissertation and provided me essential intellectual and moral support and advice throughout the dissertation project. In a variety of ways, Kathy Ferguson's insightful criticism, comments, and copious and tireless editing during the dissertation process monitored the direction and clarified my arguments. James Dator and Kate Zhou were sources of substantive insight and personal encouragement throughout this dissertation project. I was also privileged to benefit from Takie S. Lebra's expertise in connecting a theoretical scheme with empirical findings. I also thank them for their support during my graduate school years. I appreciate the institutional support at the University of Hawaii, Manoa­ the Department of pOI~1 science and the Center for Japanese Studies. I gratefully acknowledge academic support from teachers of my undergraduate and master programs, although they were not directly involved in this work. For his comments and advice, I would like to express appreciations to Tanaka Yasumasa, who was my teacher of political science in GakushUin University, Tokyo and encouraged me to study in graduate programs in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Assessment of Coastal Hazards Due to Future Changes of Tropical Cyclones in the North Pacific Ocean
    Weather and Climate Extremes ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎ Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Weather and Climate Extremes journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/wace Impact assessment of coastal hazards due to future changes of tropical cyclones in the North Pacific Ocean Nobuhito Mori n, Tetsuya Takemi Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan article info abstract Article history: Tropical cyclones generate severe hazards in the middle latitudes. A brief review and applications of Received 13 July 2015 dynamical and statistical downscaling of tropical cyclone (TC) are described targeting extreme storm Received in revised form surge and storm wave hazard assessment. First, a review of the current understanding of the changes in 10 September 2015 the characteristics of TCs in the past and in the future is shown. Then, a review and ongoing research Accepted 17 September 2015 about impact assessment of tropical cyclones both dynamical downscaling and statistical model are described for Typhoon Vera in 1959 and Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Finally, several examples of impact Keywords: assessment of storm surge and extreme wave changes are presented. Changes in both TC intensity and Climate change track are linked to future changes in extreme storm surge and wave climate in middle latitude. Tropical cyclones & 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license Downscaling (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Impact assessment Coastal hazards 1. Introduction long-term projections of TCs under climate change are also im- portant. Global warming in the future is expected to affect the Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the major meteorological characteristics of TCs, in particular their frequency, intensity, and hazards as a cause of flooding, landslides, damaging winds, high track.
    [Show full text]