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Chapter 7. Building a Safe and Comfortable Society
Section 1 Realizing a Universal Society Building a Safe and Comfortable Chapter 7 Society Section 1 Realizing a Universal Society 1 Realizing Accessibility through a Universal Design Concept The “Act on Promotion of Smooth Transportation, etc. of Elderly Persons, Disabled Persons, etc.” embodies the universal design concept of “freedom and convenience for anywhere and anyone”, making it mandatory to comply with “Accessibility Standards” when newly establishing various facilities (passenger facilities, various vehicles, roads, off- street parking facilities, city parks, buildings, etc.), mandatory best effort for existing facilities as well as defining a development target for the end of FY2020 under the “Basic Policy on Accessibility” to promote accessibility. Also, in accordance with the local accessibility plan created by municipalities, focused and integrated promotion of accessibility is carried out in priority development district; to increase “caring for accessibility”, by deepening the national public’s understanding and seek cooperation for the promotion of accessibility, “accessibility workshops” are hosted in which you learn to assist as well as virtually experience being elderly, disabled, etc.; these efforts serve to accelerate II accessibility measures (sustained development in stages). Chapter 7 (1) Accessibility of Public Transportation In accordance with the “Act on Figure II-7-1-1 Current Accessibility of Public Transportation Promotion of Smooth Transportation, etc. (as of March 31, 2014) of Elderly Persons, Disabled -
1 Storm Surge in Seto Inland Sea with Consideration Of
STORM SURGE IN SETO INLAND SEA WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE IMPACTS OF WAVE BREAKING ON SURFACE CURRENTS Han Soo Lee1, Takao Yamashita1, Tomoaki Komaguchi2, and Toyoaki Mishima3 Storm surge and storm wave simulations in Seto Inland Sea (SIS) in Japan were conducted for Typhoon Yancy (9313) and Chaba (0416) using an atmosphere (MM5)-wave (SWAN)-ocean (POM) modeling system. In the coupled modeling system, a new method for wave-current interaction in terms of momentum transfer due to whitecapping in deep water and depth-induced wave breaking in shallow water was considered. The calculated meteorological and wave fields show good agreement with the observations in SIS and its vicinities. The storm surge results also exhibit good accordance with the observations in SIS. To resolve a number of islands in SIS, we also performed numerical experiments with different grid resolutions and obtained improved results from higher resolutions in wave and ocean circulation fields. Keywords: Seto Inland Sea; storm surge; atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model; air-sea interaction; whitecapping; depth-induced wave breaking INTRODUCTION Storm surge due to tropical cyclones (TCs) varies from place to place depending on the geographical features of the place we are interested in such as the effect of surrounding topography on meteorological fields, geographical shape of the bay or harbor, underwater bathymetry, tide, and interaction with other water bodies including rivers and open seas and oceans. In the storm surge modeling it is difficult to consider all of these effects such that we have to compromise some of them for simplifying a problem, more efficient modeling and engineering purpose. -
Secessionist Activity Behind Solo Travel
CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Friday, August 2, 2019 | 3 TOP NEWS 7th Military Secessionist Games torch rally lauds activity behind PLA birth By ZHAO LEI solo travel ban [email protected] A torch relay for the upcoming 7th International Military Sports Individual permits to visit Taiwan Council Military World Games first allowed on trial basis in June 2011 began on Thursday in Nanchang, Jiangxi province. The flame was lit at a ceremony on By ZHANG YI “The launch of individual travel Thursday morning in front of a [email protected] permits in 2011 was a positive meas sculpture of Communist Party of ure to expand exchanges across the China revolutionaries inside the Ma Xiaoguang, spokesman for Straits in the climate of the peaceful The bed of Hongze Lake is exposed as water recedes due to the worst drought in decades in Nanchang August 1st Memorial Hall. the State Council’s Taiwan Affairs development of crossStraits rela Huai’an, Jiangsu province, on Wednesday. PROVIDED TO CHINA DAILY Fang Minglu, the greatgrand Office, said on Thursday that it is the tions,” Ma said. daughter of Fang Zhimin, a revolu island’s ruling Democratic Progres For years, mainland residents tionary martyr, lit the torch with a sive Party’s “Taiwan independence” visiting Taiwan played a positive concave mirror using the sun’s rays. secessionist activities that led to the role in promoting the development Business dries up for fishermen, Later, she passed the flame to a PLA suspension of individual travel per of Taiwan's tourism and related soldier who transferred it to a carrier. -
Sigma 1/2008
sigma No 1/2008 Natural catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2007: high losses in Europe 3 Summary 5 Overview of catastrophes in 2007 9 Increasing flood losses 16 Indices for the transfer of insurance risks 20 Tables for reporting year 2007 40 Tables on the major losses 1970–2007 42 Terms and selection criteria Published by: Swiss Reinsurance Company Economic Research & Consulting P.O. Box 8022 Zurich Switzerland Telephone +41 43 285 2551 Fax +41 43 285 4749 E-mail: [email protected] New York Office: 55 East 52nd Street 40th Floor New York, NY 10055 Telephone +1 212 317 5135 Fax +1 212 317 5455 The editorial deadline for this study was 22 January 2008. Hong Kong Office: 18 Harbour Road, Wanchai sigma is available in German (original lan- Central Plaza, 61st Floor guage), English, French, Italian, Spanish, Hong Kong, SAR Chinese and Japanese. Telephone +852 2582 5691 sigma is available on Swiss Re’s website: Fax +852 2511 6603 www.swissre.com/sigma Authors: The internet version may contain slightly Rudolf Enz updated information. Telephone +41 43 285 2239 Translations: Kurt Karl (Chapter on indices) CLS Communication Telephone +41 212 317 5564 Graphic design and production: Jens Mehlhorn (Chapter on floods) Swiss Re Logistics/Media Production Telephone +41 43 285 4304 © 2008 Susanna Schwarz Swiss Reinsurance Company Telephone +41 43 285 5406 All rights reserved. sigma co-editor: The entire content of this sigma edition is Brian Rogers subject to copyright with all rights reserved. Telephone +41 43 285 2733 The information may be used for private or internal purposes, provided that any Managing editor: copyright or other proprietary notices are Thomas Hess, Head of Economic Research not removed. -
October 2013 Global Catastrophe Recap 2 2
October 2013 Global Catastrophe Recap Table of Contents Executive0B Summary 3 United2B States 4 Remainder of North America (Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Bermuda) 4 South4B America 4 Europe 4 6BAfrica 5 Asia 5 Oceania8B (Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific Islands) 6 8BAAppendix 7 Contact Information 14 Impact Forecasting | October 2013 Global Catastrophe Recap 2 2 Executive0B Summary . Windstorm Christian affects western and northern Europe; insured losses expected to top USD1.35 billion . Cyclone Phailin and Typhoon Fitow highlight busy month of tropical cyclone activity in Asia . Deadly bushfires destroy hundreds of homes in Australia’s New South Wales Windstorm Christian moved across western and northern Europe, bringing hurricane-force wind gusts and torrential rains to several countries. At least 18 people were killed and dozens more were injured. The heaviest damage was sustained in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, where a peak wind gust of 195 kph (120 mph) was recorded in Denmark. More than 1.2 million power outages were recorded and travel was severely disrupted throughout the continent. Reports from European insurers suggest that payouts are likely to breach EUR1.0 billion (USD1.35 billion). Total economic losses will be even higher. Christian becomes the costliest European windstorm since WS Xynthia in 2010. Cyclone Phailin became the strongest system to make landfall in India since 1999, coming ashore in the eastern state of Odisha. At least 46 people were killed. Tremendous rains, an estimated 3.5-meter (11.0-foot) storm surge, and powerful winds led to catastrophic damage to more than 430,000 homes and 668,000 hectares (1.65 million) acres of cropland. -
The Mechanism of the Storm Surges in the Seto Inland Sea Caused By
Technical Review No. 9 (March 2007) RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center The Mechanism of the Storm Surges in the Seto Inland Sea Caused by Typhoon Chaba (0416) Nadao KOHNO Typhoon Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1Nagamine, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan Kazuo KAMAKURA, Hiroaki MINEMATSU*, Yukihiro YORIOKA, Kazuhisa HISASHIGE, Eichi SHIMIZU, Yuichi SATO, Akifumi FUKUNAGA, Yoshihiko TANIWAKI, and Shigekazu TANIJO Observation and Forecast Division, Takamatsu Local Observatory, 1277-1 Fuki-ishi, Takamatsu 761-8071, Japan Abstract Typhoon Chaba in 2004 made landfall on the southeastern Kyushu and went through Chugoku (western part of Japan’s Main Island) on 30 August, causing large storm surges in the Seto Inland Sea (SIS). The high tide records were broken at tide stations in Takamatsu and Uno Ports. We analyzed the tidal data and simulated this case with a numerical storm surge model. The storm surges moved eastward along with the passage of the typhoon, and it was favorably simulated. The results revealed that the wind set-up basically played a key role in causing the large storm surges. However, the maximum storm surge (MSS) in Takamatsu did not occur when the typhoon was the nearest to the city, but about 2 hours later. Since the time of MSS approximately corresponds to the high spring tide time, the record breaking storm tide was observed there. Moreover, we found the SIS can be divided into 6 areas according to the characteristics of sea topography and dominant wind direction by the typhoon. We also investigated the degrees of the contribution of two main factors of storm surges, i.e. -
Met Office Unified Model Tropical Cyclone Performance Following Major Changes to the Initialization Scheme and a Model Upgrade
OCTOBER 2016 H E M I N G 1433 Met Office Unified Model Tropical Cyclone Performance Following Major Changes to the Initialization Scheme and a Model Upgrade JULIAN T. HEMING Met Office, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom (Manuscript received 1 March 2016, in final form 27 June 2016) ABSTRACT The Met Office has used various schemes to initialize tropical cyclones (TCs) in its numerical weather pre- diction models since the 1980s. The scheme introduced in 1994 was particularly successful in reducing track forecast errors in the model. Following modifications in 2007 the scheme was still beneficial, although to a lesser degree than before. In 2012 a new trial was conducted that showed that the scheme now had a detrimental impact on TC track forecasts. As a consequence of this, the scheme was switched off. The Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) underwent a major upgrade in 2014 including a new dynamical core, changes to the model physics, an increase in horizontal resolution, and changes to satellite data usage. An evaluation of the impact of this change on TC forecasts found a positive impact both on track and particularly intensity forecasts. Following implementation of the new model formulation in 2014, a new scheme for initialization of TCs in the MetUM was developed that involved the assimilation of central pressure estimates from TC warning centers. A trial showed that this had a positive impact on both track and intensity predictions from the model. Operational results from the MetUM in 2014 and 2015 showed that the combined impact of the model upgrade and new TC initialization scheme was a dramatic cut in both TC track forecast errors and intensity forecast bias. -
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ASIA PACIFIC REGION 22 - 28 October, 2013 Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot from the OCHA Regional Office in Asia and the Pacific 1 PHILIPPINES Probability of Above/Below As of 21 Oct, the 7.2M earthquake in Bohol had killed 186 people, affected some 3 Normal Precipitation r" million, and left nearly 381,000 people displaced of whom 70% or 271,000 were staying (Nov 2013 - Jan 2014) outside of established evacuation centers. These people were in urgent need of shelter Above normal rainfall and WASH support. Psycho-social support was identified as an urgent need for children traumatized by the earthquake, which has produced well over 2,000 aftershocks so far. Recently repaired bridges and roads have opened greater access to affected locations M O N G O L I A normal in Bohol. The Government has welcomed international assistance. Source: OCHA Sitrep No. 4 DPR KOREA Below normal rainfall 2 CAMBODIA 5 Floods across Cambodia have claimed 168 lives, displaced almost 145,000 and 5 RO KOREA JAPAN r" p" u" affected more than 1.7 million. Waters have begun to recede across the country with the worst affected provinces being Battambang and Banteay Meanchey, where many parts C H I N A LEKIMA KOBE remain flooded. Communities are in urgent need of clean water, basic sanitation and BHUTAN emergency shelter. NEPAL p" 5 Source: HRF Sitrep No. 4 KATHMANDU 3 INDIA PA C I F I C Heavy rainfall has been affecting the states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha, SE India, in BANGLADESH FRANCISCO I N D I A u" the last few days. -
Report on the 2014 Winter Cyclone Storm Surge in Nemuro, Japan
Title Report on the 2014 Winter Cyclone Storm Surge in Nemuro, Japan Author(s) Saruwatari, Ayumi; Coutinho de Lima, Adriano; Kato, Masaya; Nikawa, Osamu; Watanabe, Yasunori Coastal Engineering Journal, 57(03), 1550014 Citation https://doi.org/10.1142/S057856341550014X Issue Date 2015-09 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/62723 Electronic version of an article published as Coastal Engineering Journal, 57(3), 2015 , 1550014, Rights 10.1142/S057856341550014X © copyright World Scientific Publishing Company. http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscinet/cej Type article (author version) File Information nemuro_huscup20151001_s.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP October 1, 2015 10:43 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE nemuro_huscup20151001 Coastal Engineering Journal, Vol. 57, No. 3 (2015) ⃝c World Scientific Publishing Company and Japan Society of Civil Engineers Report on the 2014 Winter Cyclone Storm Surge in Nemuro, Japan Ayumi Saruwatari School of Engineering, Hokkaido University North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060 8628, Japan [email protected] Adriano Coutinho de Lima School of Engineering, Hokkaido University North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060 8628, Japan [email protected] Masaya Kato National Institute of Technology, Kushiro College West 2-32-1, Otanoshike, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084 0916, Japan [email protected] Osamu Nikawa Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060 8628, Japan [email protected] Yasunori Watanabe School of Engineering, Hokkaido University North 13 West 8, Sapporo, 060 8628, Japan [email protected] Received 17 February 2015 Accepted 13 July 2015 Published 25 August 2015 From Tuesday, December 16, 2014, until Thursday, December 18, Hokkaido was battered by strong winds and high sea waves caused by a passing low pressure system intensified to typhoon levels. -
Downloaded 10/05/21 02:09 PM UTC 1426 WEATHER and FORECASTING VOLUME 29
DECEMBER 2014 W E I 1425 Surface Wind Nowcasting in the Penghu Islands Based on Classified Typhoon Tracks and the Effects of the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan CHIH-CHIANG WEI Department of Digital Content Designs and Management, Toko University, Pu-Tzu City, Chia-Yi County, Taiwan (Manuscript received 5 March 2014, in final form 21 September 2014) ABSTRACT The purposes of this study were to forecast the hourly typhoon wind velocity over the Penghu Islands, and to discuss the effects of the terrain of the Central Mountain Range (CMR) of Taiwan over the Penghu Islands based on typhoon tracks. On average, a destructive typhoon hits the Penghu Islands every 15–20 yr. As a typhoon approaches the Penghu Islands, its track and intensity are influenced by the CMR topography. Therefore, CMR complicates the wind forecast of the Penghu Islands. Six main typhoon tracks (classes I–VI) are classified based on typhoon directions, as follows: (I) the direction of direct westward movement across the CMR of Taiwan, (II) the direction of northward movement along the eastern coast of Taiwan, (III) the direction of northward movement traveling through Taiwan Strait, (IV) the direction of westward movement traveling through Luzon Strait, (V) the direction of westward movement traveling through the southern East China Sea (near northern Taiwan), and (VI) the irregular track direction. The adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) were used as the forecasting technique for predicting the wind velocity. A total of 49 typhoons from 2000 to 2012 were analyzed. Results showed that the ANFIS models provided high-reliability predictions for wind velocity, and the ANFIS achieved more favorable performance than did the MLPNN. -
Resilience of Human Mobility Under the Influence of Typhoons
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 118 ( 2015 ) 942 – 949 International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction Resilience of human mobility under the influence of typhoons Qi Wanga, John E. Taylor b,* a Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Patton Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, U.S.A b Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 113 Patton Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, U.S.A Abstract Climate change has intensified tropical cyclones, resulting in several recent catastrophic hurricanes and typhoons. Such disasters impose threats on populous coastal urban areas, and therefore, understanding and predicting human movements plays a critical role in evaluating vulnerability and resilience of human society and developing plans for disaster evacuation, response and relief. Despite its critical role, limited research has focused on tropical cyclones and their influence on human mobility. Here, we studied how severe tropical storms could influence human mobility patterns in coastal urban populations using individuals’ movement data collected from Twitter. We selected 5 significant tropical storms and examined their influences on 8 urban areas. We analyzed the human movement data before, during, and after each event, comparing the perturbed movement data to movement data from steady states. We also used different statistical analysis approaches to quantify the strength and duration of human mobility perturbation. The results suggest that tropical cyclones can significantly perturb human movements, and human mobility experienced different magnitudes in different cases. We also found that power-law still governed human movements in spite of the perturbations. The findings from this study will deepen our understanding about the interaction between urban dwellers and civil infrastructure, improve our ability to predict human movements during natural disasters, and help policymakers to improve disaster evacuation, response and relief plans. -
Natural Catastrophes and Man-Made Disasters in 2013
No 1/2014 Natural catastrophes and 01 Executive summary 02 Catastrophes in 2013 – man-made disasters in 2013: global overview large losses from floods and 07 Regional overview 15 Fostering climate hail; Haiyan hits the Philippines change resilience 25 Tables for reporting year 2013 45 Terms and selection criteria Executive summary Almost 26 000 people died in disasters In 2013, there were 308 disaster events, of which 150 were natural catastrophes in 2013. and 158 man-made. Almost 26 000 people lost their lives or went missing in the disasters. Typhoon Haiyan was the biggest Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines in November 2013, one of the strongest humanitarian catastrophe of the year. typhoons ever recorded worldwide. It killed around 7 500 people and left more than 4 million homeless. Haiyan was the largest humanitarian catastrophe of 2013. Next most extreme in terms of human cost was the June flooding in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand in India, in which around 6 000 died. Economic losses from catastrophes The total economic losses from natural catastrophes and man-made disasters were worldwide were USD 140 billion in around USD 140 billion last year. That was down from USD 196 billion in 2012 2013. Asia had the highest losses. and well below the inflation-adjusted 10-year average of USD 190 billion. Asia was hardest hit, with the cyclones in the Pacific generating most economic losses. Weather events in North America and Europe caused most of the remainder. Insured losses amounted to USD 45 Insured losses were roughly USD 45 billion, down from USD 81 billion in 2012 and billion, driven by flooding and other below the inflation-adjusted average of USD 61 billion for the previous 10 years, weather-related events.