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Fa'afetai Tele Lava http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Teu le vā- Cultivating the space between An investigation into Samoan-Palagi intimate partner relationships A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Psychology at The University of Waikato by HANNAH FINNIGAN 2017 ii Abstract This thesis investigates how Samoan-Palagi intimate partner relationships flourish. Key areas of investigation include important factors influencing participants’ relationships, what flourishing means to participants, how the flourishing of each partner is supported by the relationship, and how partners negotiate the vā fealoaloa’i (relational space) between them. A qualitative research design was used to examine the lived experiences of two Samoan-Palagi couples. The theoretical framework for this research was informed by the Uputāua Therapeutic Approach, fono fa’atalatalanoa (narrative dialogue) and positioning myself as a naïve learner in the research. Data collection involved multiple interviews, first with both partners of each couple and then a follow-up interview with each individual. The infomation shared in these interviews is presented in two case studies. The findings of this research advocate for flourishing relationships as a process, and suggest that by looking after the relational space and constantly attending to the relationship, it may flourish and grow. The relational space does not refer to a single domain, but is holistic and addresses each partner in their totality. Flourishing, for participants, involves the development of interdependence by navigating a continuum of individual and collective needs, in order to support the relationship. This research provides insight into how vā fealoaloa’i (the relational space) and teu le vā (tending to/looking after this space) can operate in intimate partner relationships. iii Fa’afetai tele lava My participants, I am humbled by the generosity of your friendship, time, and beautiful stories. I am forever grateful for your courage to share and engage in this discussion. Thank you also for your graciousness as I navigate the domain of research as a beginner, with all the laughs and learning along the way. My supervisors, Dr Byron Seiuli and Dr Bridgette Masters-Awatere, I am beyond grateful to have your guidance. Thanks for providing the space for me to learn, my growth has been exponential through this project. Byron, thanks for your tremendous levels of graciousness in my naivety, encouragement throughout the journey and your acceptance of my curiousity. To Jillene and Judy, thanks for supporting me to give this work the care it deserved. I sincerely acknowledge the scholarships awarded to me during my research project. The Maori & Psychology Research Unit Research Graduate Scholarship, The University of Waikato Master’s Thesis Award, and a Master Degree Study Award from the Health Research Council. Thank you for the support to travel and complete this project. To the village that surrounds me, there was never a moment in this thesis- forming journey that I could have done this alone. It is the beautiful people in my life who have kept me going and made this happen. It has been a journey in vulnerability and knowing my need for guidance and support, I am so grateful for the opportunity to learn just how well supported I am. To my family, Mama, Papa, Bex, Izy, Lidy, Tay and Lukie, you have taught me most and make me want to pursue relationships that flourish. This is for you. Uncle Kieren, for teaching me the honour of research. You have always had an uncanny knack for being there at the moments I need it the very most. You and Aunty Ngaire have been such a huge support in this journey for me. You have iv started something in our family, and it is my prayer that your legacy of humble curiosity continues long beyond me. The community of Te Rautini, thank you for your support of everything that I am. I am so thankful for a place to belong and a safe harbour in the journey to know reconciliation. To my life friends who hugged out my tears, listened to my heart and never stopped believing I could do this. You teach me just how powerful friendship can be. Ajay, thanks for letting me talk it out and showing me how it should have been done all along. Thanks Beka and Bidy, for the coffee, hugs, and pats on the back no matter how far away you ended up. Ruthie and Pete thanks for keeping me off the streets, literally, and running alongside me all of the way. Thanks Dee, Fozzie and Tom for giving me a place to laugh and refuel. Benjamin, you give me the greatest amount of hope for the experience of flourishing. Loving you has set me free. Truth is it’s you who made me really believe this and it’s no exaggeration to say I would have never finished this without you. I love you. Most importantly, Agaga Paia, thanks for giving me a dream. It’s been a wild ride, and I’m so grateful for every bump and blind corner along the way. May you continue to complete the good work in me. Bring on our next adventure. Afio mai Agaga Paia v Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................... ii Fa’afetai tele lava ..................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ...................................................................................... v List of Figures .......................................................................................... vii Glossary ................................................................................................... viii Prologue ..................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Introduction ........................................................................ Thesis outline: Mapping the journey ahead .................................................. 4 Literature Review .................................................................................... 6 From Aristotle to Gottman: Studies on flourishing ....................................... 6 From Samoa to New Zealand: Samoan-Palagi relationships ...................... 12 Cross-cultural relationships ......................................................................... 21 Summary ............................................................................................... 23 Chapter Two: Methodology ................................................................... 24 Establishing an appropriate method ...................................................... 24 Ethical considerations ........................................................................... 26 Privacy/confidentiality ................................................................................ 26 Consent ........................................................................................................ 26 Cultural safety ............................................................................................. 26 Participants ............................................................................................ 28 Case studies ................................................................................................. 29 Data collection ...................................................................................... 31 Data analysis ......................................................................................... 36 Limitations ............................................................................................ 39 Exiting the research ............................................................................... 41 Summary ............................................................................................... 42 Chapter Three: Case Study 1 ................................................................. 43 Background ........................................................................................... 43 Faith ...................................................................................................... 45 A cord that is not quickly broken; a strong foundation ............................... 45 vi With God intertwined in our lives; A community through faith ................. 50 The three-stranded cord that links the past to the future ............................. 51 Dreams .................................................................................................. 53 Dreaming as a problem-solving strategy ..................................................... 54 The dream of family .................................................................................... 55 The greater dream ....................................................................................... 57 Summary ..............................................................................................
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