Judaic-Slavic Journal № 1

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Judaic-Slavic Journal № 1 Российская Академия наук Центр научных работников Институт славяноведения и преподавателей иудаики в вузах «Сэфер» ISSN: 2658-3364 DOI: 10.31168/2658-3364 DOI выпуска: 10.31168/2658-3364.2019.1 № 1 (2) Judaic-Slavic Journal 2019 При поддержке / Supported by Москва Редакционная коллегия Editorial Board Олег Будницкий (Национальный исследовательский Oleg Budnitskiy (National Research University Higher университет «Высшая школа экономики», Москва) School of Economics, Moscow) Джеффри Вайдлингер (Мичиганский университет, Mikhail Chlenov (Sefer, Moscow) Энн Арбор) Valery Dymshits (European University at St. Petersburg) Франсуа Гене (Университетский колледж Лондона) Gennady Estraikh (New York University) Цви Гительман (Мичиганский университет, Энн Zvi Gitelman (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) Арбор) François Guesnet (University College London) Валерий Дымшиц (Европейский университет Brian Horowitz (Tulane University, New Orleans, LA) в Санкт-Петербурге) Alexander Ivanov (European University Аркадий Зельцер (Яд Вашем, Иерусалим) at St. Petersburg) Александр Иванов (Европейский университет Sabine Koller (University of Regensburg) в Санкт-Петербурге) Ber Kotlerman (Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan) Аркадий Ковельман (Московский государственный Arkady Kovelman (Lomonosov Moscow State University) университет имени М.В. Ломоносова) Mark Kupovetsky (Russian State University for Сабине Колер (Университет Регенсбурга) the Humanities, Moscow) Бер Котлерман (Университет имени Бар-Илана, Vladimir Levin (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Рамат Ган) Harriet Murav (University of Illinois at Марк Куповецкий (Российский государственный Urbana-Champaign) гуманитарный университет, Москва) Benjamin Nathans (University of Pennsylvania, Владимир Левин (Еврейский университет Philadelphia) Иерусалима) Antony Polonsky (Brandeis University) Харриет Мурав (Иллинойсский университет Szymon Rudnicki (University of Warsaw) в Урбана-Шампейн) David Shneer (University of Colorado Boulder) Бенджамен Натанс (Пенсильванский университет, Darius Staliūnas (Lithuanian Institute of History, Филадельфия) Vilnius) Энтони Полонский (Университет Брендайза) Anna Shternshis (University of Toronto) Шимон Рудницкий (Варшавский университет) Jeffrey Veidlinger (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) Дарюс Сталюнас (Институт истории Литвы, Arkady Zeltser (Yad Vashem, Jerusalem) Вильнюс) Брайан Хоровиц (Тулейнский университет, Нью-Орлеан) Михаил Членов (Центр «Сэфер», Москва) Дэвид Шнир (Университет Колорадо, Боулдер) Анна Штерншис (Университет Торонто) Геннадий Эстрайх (Нью-Йоркский университет) Редакторы Editors Михаил Крутиков (Мичиганский университет, Mikhail Krutikov (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Энн Арбор, США) USA) Виктория Мочалова (Центр славяно-иудаики Victoria Mochalova (Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Института славяноведения РАН; Центр «Сэфер») Academy of Sciences, and Sefer) Шауль Штампфер (Еврейский университет Shaul Stampfer (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel) Иерусалима) Сотрудники редакции Managing editors Светлана Амосова (выпускающий редактор) Svetlana Amosova (editor) Эстер Зыскина (отдел рецензий) Ester Zyskina (review department) Литературный редактор Literary editor Светлана Николаева Svetlana Nikolaeva Корректор Proofreader Вера Комарова Vera Komarova Верстка Layout Александр Сильванович Alex Silvanovich Оформление Design Сергей Трофимов Sergey Trofimov От редакторов Мы посвящаем этот номер светлой памяти нашей коллеги и друга, ис- следовательницы культурного наследия восточноевропейского еврейства Ирины Анатольевны Сергеевой (18 июля 1958 – 26 октября 2019). Выпускница исторического факультета киевского университета имени Тараса Шевченко (по специальности «История и археология»), Ирина Ана- толь евна работала в Институте археологии АН УССР, а с 1986 года – в На- цио нальной библиотеке Украины имени В.И. Вернадского. С 1990 года и до конца своей жизни она возглавляла Отдел иудаики в Институте рукописей этой библиотеки, где хранится богатейшее собрание еврейских рукописей и книг. Работа с этой коллекцией легла в основу ее кандидатской диссерта- ции «Историко-книговедческий анализ и археографическое описание ев- рейских декорированных рукописей XVIII – первой половины ХХ в.» (1998). Ее перу принадлежат также монографии «Альбом еврейской художествен- ной старины Семена Ан-ского» (в соавторстве с А. Канцедикасом; М.: Мосты культуры, 2001) и «Архівна спадщина Семена Ан-ського у фондах Націо - нальної бібліотеки України імені В.І. Вернадського» (Киев: Дух і літера, 2006), а также многочисленные научные статьи и публикации. Трудно переоценить вклад Ирины Анатольевны в возрождение украин- ских еврейских исследований и в подготовку нового поколения ученых. Она преподавала в Международном Соломоновом университете в Киеве (1994–2000 гг.), в Киево-Могилянской академии (с 2003 г.), была членом Исполнительного комитета Украинской ассоциации иудаики, принимала участие в многочисленных этнографических экспедициях, читала курсы лекций на студенческих школах, выступала с докладами на международных конференциях, в том числе – организованных Центром «Сэфер». Мы готовили к печати публикуемую в настоящем номере журнала ста- тью Ирины Анатольевны, видимо, ставшую ее последней работой, когда пришла скорбная весть. С уходом Ирины Анатольевны иудаика понесла большую, невосполнимую потерю, но вклад этого замечательного ученого в ее развитие останется навсегда – в истории, в благодарной памяти коллег и учеников. Editorial: In Memoriam Irina Sergeeva (18.07.1958 – 26.10.2019) This issue is dedicated to our dear friend and colleague, a scholar of the cultural heritage of Eastern European Jewry, Irina Anatolyevna Sergeeva, who passed away on October 26, 2019. After graduating from the Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University with a degree in History and Archeology, Irina Sergeeva worked at the Institute of Archeology of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences until 1986, when she joined the V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. From 1990 until the very end of her life she was in charge of its impressively rich collection of Jewish manuscripts and codices as the Head of the Judaica section at the Library’s Institute of Manuscripts. Irina Sergeeva’s research on the collection became the foundation of her doctoral thesis, “A Historical and Codicological Analysis and Archeographic Description of Jewish Illustrated Manuscripts of the 18–20th Centuries” (1998). Among the works she published are the monograph The Album of Semyon An-sky’s Jewish Antiquities (coauthored with A. Kantsedikas (Moscow: Mosty Kultury, 2001) and The Archival Heritage of Semyon An-sky in the Collections of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Kyiv: Dukh i Litera, 2006), in addition to numerous scholarly articles. It is hard to exaggerate Irina Sergeeva’s contribution both to the revival of Ukrainian Jewish scholarship, and to the education of the new generation of scholars in the field. For many years she taught at the Kyiv International Solo- mon University (1994–2000) and the Kyiv-Mohylanska Academy (from 2003 on). Irina also served on the Executive Committee of the Ukrainian Association for Jewish Studies, took part in multiple ethnographic expeditions, gave lecture courses at summer schools and presented papers at international conferences, including those organized by the Center “Sefer”. When the tragic news reached us, we were preparing the current issue of our journal for print. It contains an article by Irina Sergeeva, possibly her last work. With Irina Sergeeva’s passing, the academic field of Jewish Studies has suf- fered an immense, irreplaceable loss, but this wonderful scholar’s contribution to the development of the field will remain forever – in history and in the memory of her grateful colleagues and disciples. Содержание Еврейские музеи и коллекции после 1917 года 13 История Музея и Архива Еврейского историко- этнографического общества после октября 1917 г. Ирина Сергеева 44 К вопросу о концептуальном развитии еврейского музея и этнографии евреев на территории Украины в 1917–1941 гг. Марина Щербакова 80 Творческое наследие Ушера Хитера и Элюкима Мальца в контексте развития еврейской этнографии и музейной практики межвоенного времени Евгений Котляр 119 Этнограф И.М. Пульнер и его научное наследие: путешествие по страницам «Советиш Геймланд» Дебора Ялен 148 «Есть нечто, что не любит стен в природе…» (заметки о XVI венецианской архитектурной биеннале 2018 г.) Александр Иванов Литература 171 Vi in posek shteyt geshribn: проблема перевода на русский язык цитат из священных текстов в «Тевье-молочнике» Екатерина Кузнецова 198 «Древние тюрки» и Арминий Вамбери. В поисках прототипа главного героя псевдоавтобиографических рассказов Бабеля Валерий Дымшиц 6 • Содержание Переводы 215 Заключенные № 41 и 42. Судьбы Виктора Альтера и Генрика Эрлиха в советской тюрьме Шимон Рудницкий Публикации 237 «…Им быть под нашею царского величества высокою рукою»: документы о принятии присяги и вступлении в российское подданство гродненских евреев в 1656 г. Дмитрий Фельдман 250 От поэта к философу (Письмо Давида Гофштейна к Льву Шестову) Виктор Кельнер Рецензии Аннотации 259 Грищенко А.И. Правленое славяно-русское Пятикнижие XV века: предварительные итоги лингвотекстологического изучения. М.: Древлехранилище, 2018. 176 с. Константин Бондарь 263 Teller A. Money, Power and Influence in the Eighteenth-Century Lithuania: The Jews on the Radziwill Estates. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2016. 310 p. Андрей Шпирт 272 Ritual Murder in Russia, Eastern Europe and Beyond: New Histories of an Old Accusation / Ed. by E.M.
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