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Designing the Airport City: an International Perspective

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Designing the Airport City: an International Perspective DESIGNING THE AIRPORT CITY: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AYAZ ZAMANOV IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN URBAN DESIGN IN CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING FEBRUARY 2017 Approval of the thesis: DESIGNING THE AIRPORT CITY: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Submitted by AYAZ ZAMANOV in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Urban Design in City and Regional Planning Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. H. Çağatay Keskinok Head of Department, City and Regional Planning Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emine Yetişkul Şenbil Supervisor, City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Melih Pınarcıoğlu City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emine Yetişkul Şenbil City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Ela Babalık Sutcliffe City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Olgu Çalışkan City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Meriç H. Gökdalay Aviation Management, University of Turkish Aeronautical Assoc. Date: 01.02.2017 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Ayaz ZAMANOV Signature : iv ABSTRACT DESIGNING THE AIRPORT CITY: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Zamanov, Ayaz MS, Urban Design, Department of City and Regional Planning Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emine Yetişkul Şenbil February 2017, 182 pages Cities grow and prosper in relation with their transportation hubs. In the past, coastal towns with adequate harbors grew and expanded quickly. In modern times, similar prospects apply to cities with airports which provide competitive advantages for regional and urban development. In addition to being a complex system of facilities, airports are significant stimulators for economic activities in its catchment area. In the last thirty years or so, airports have become clusters of not only transportation-related operational services but also commercial and business activities. Accordingly, airports have grown into complex and multi-faced mega structures, offering space for longer runways and larger terminals, and accommodating a growing number of functions that have nothing related with aviation. Hence, Aerotropolis defined by Prof. Dr. Kasarda is regarded as an urban cluster with similar features to the traditional metropolitan structure. In its core, Airport City is located which functions as the traditional city center of Aerotropolis. This thesis focuses on the principles and relationships for land use planning and design of airports and their environs under the umbrella of Airport City concept. It is aimed to underline current design framework of Airport Cities which is found v missing in terms of academic studies. In this context, the Airport City model clarified, and selected cases have been evaluated under certain design principles in order to have an output about design criteria of the Airport City development. The research concludes with inferences regarding existing design guidelines of certain Airport City cases. Keywords: Airports, urban design, airport planning, Airport City design, Aerotropolis, airport oriented development vi ÖZ HAVAALANI ŞEHİRLERİ’Nİ TASARLAMAK: ULUSLARARASI BİR BAKIŞ Zamanov, Ayaz Yüksek Lisans, Kentsel Tasarım, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Emine Yetişkul Şenbil Şubat 2017, 182 sayfa Şehirler ulaşım merkezlerine bağlı olarak büyüme göstermektedirler. Eski zamanlardan beri limanı olan kıyı şehirleri diğer şehirlere göre daha hızlı gelişmişlerdir. O günlere nazaran bugün havaalanları aynı rolü üstlenmiş, şehirlerin bölgedeki rekabet gücünü arttırmışlardır. Kompleks yapıda var olan bu sistemler, ekonomik bağlamda kendi bölgelerinde güçlü birer tetikleyici etmen olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Havaalanlarının son 30 senedeki gelişme durumu incelendiğinde, bu yapıların sadece ulaşıma odaklı büyümeye değil, aynı zamanda ticari ve işletmeye dayali bir gelişmeye uygun bir etmen oldukları saptanmıştır. Gelişmelere bağlı olarak, havaalanları günümüzde birçok farklı fonksiyonları içeren kompleks yapılar haline geldikleri ve hatta havaalanı odaklı olmayan birçok fonksiyonu içerdikleri görülmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak, günümüz havaalanı odaklı gelişme seneryolarından biri olan Aerotropolis, Prof. Dr. Kasarda tarafından geleneksel şehir merkezi yapısına sahip bir kentsel küme olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Havaalanı Şehirleri kavramı da bu noktada doğmuş ve Aerotropolis adı verilen yapının geleneksel bir şehir merkezi olarak çalışmaktadır. vii Tez, var olan Havaalanı Şehirleri konseptli havaalanlarının kentsel tasarım kriterleri altındaki özelliklerini ve arazi kullanım şekillerini inceleyerek ileriye yönelik doğru bir planlama çerçevesi oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Akademik anlamda eksik görülen Havaalanı Şehirleri’nin tasarımı adı altında altı çizilmek istenen nokta, bu tür gelişmelerde hangi tür tasarım kriterlerinin kullanılmış olduğunu ortaya çıkararak nasıl daha iyi bir kentsel doku elde edilebileceğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu bağlamda, Havaalanı Şehirleri konsepti tanımlanmış ve seçilmiş olan tasarım kriterleri altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, analizler sonucunda elde edilmiş çıkarımlarla son bulmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Havaalanları, kentsel tasarım, havaalanı planlaması, Havaalanı Şehirleri’nin tasarımı, Aerotropolis, havaalanı odaklı gelişim viii To My Family… ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emine Yetişkul Şenbil for her friendly support, infinite patience and guidance throughout my thesis research. I am also grateful to Assist. Prof. Dr. Olgu Çalışkan for his passionate participation and input during this study. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Melih Pınarcıoğlu, Prof. Dr. Ela Babalık Sutcliffe and Assist. Prof. Dr. Meriç H. Gökdalay for their valuable comments and critical contributions to my thesis. In particular, I owe to thank to Prof. Dr. Adnan Barlas, who gratefully supported me about this study, and Prof. Dr. Serap Kayasü, who principally enhanced me to be a city planner. I would like to thank my dear friends Süleyman Kerimov and Mert Aydın, who gave me hope and joy of life with their affections and fellowships. I owe sincere thankfulness to İrem Bahçelioğlu who stays with me in any time and any circumstances. I am grateful to her for her suggestions, comments, endless faith, patience and support. I would also like to thank my dear CRP Studio friends Diren Kocakuşak, Aykut Aydın, Başar Özbilen and Orxan Şekiliyev for their criticisms, patience and moral support during the study. My special thanks go to my dear friends in CRP 2016 Studio for their motivating friendship, endless love and encouragements. Finally, words are powerless to express my gratitude to my family who gave me infinite love and support, not only during the realization of the thesis but also in my all life. I owe greatest thankfulness to my dear dad Refik Zamanalioğlu and my dear mom Seda Zamanalioğlu. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Last, but not least, I send big thanks to all my relatives living in Baku, who never give up supporting me for this study by not letting me to feel the absence of them. x TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ v ÖZ ..................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................... x TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ xiv LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... xv CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Hypothesis and Main Questions ............................................................. 1 1.2 The Structure of the Thesis .................................................................... 2 1.3 The Research Methodology ................................................................... 5 2. FROM CITY AIRPORTS TO AIRPORT CITIES ........................................ 7 2.1 Overview of Airports ............................................................................. 7 2.1.1 History and Development of Airports ............................................. 7 2.1.2 Important Factors of Airport Development.................................... 10 2.2 History and Evolution of Turkish Aviation .......................................... 14 2.2.1 Evolution of the Turkish Aviation Industry ................................... 14 2.2.2 Deregulation Period ...................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Progress of the Passenger Transportation and Freight in Turkey ... 17 2.3 Standards ............................................................................................
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