c/o Katina Strauch 209 Richardson Avenue MSC 98, The Citadel Charleston, SC 29409 MLA, SLA, BOOK EXPO issue TM
volume 26, number 2 april 2014
ISSN: 1043-2094 “Linking Publishers, Vendors and Librarians” Trends in Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Information and Services Provision by Ramune K. Kubilius (Collection Development / Special Projects Librarian, Northwestern University, Galter Health Sciences Library)
he overarching title for this Against the “global health” or “one health.” The second ally, by participating in Grain (ATG) special issue builds on the was selected as the theme of the historic 2013 the initiatives of NLM, Ttitles used for the Nov. 2008 and Dec. annual meeting of the Medical Library As- their institutions, or 2011-Jan. 2012 special issues. Adding the sociation (MLA) and its partners in Boston, their professional as- concept of “services” to this special issue’s title MA. The National Program Committee sociations. Many health sciences librarians serves as a reminder that “if you build it,” they (NPC) worked for three years to create a belong to the MLA, a professional association (users) will not necessarily come (paraphrasing federated international meeting incorporating that has never focused on only one country. a phrase voiced in the movie, Field of Dreams). the 2013 Annual Meeting and Exhibition The International Cooperation Section of “Services,” as used in this context, incorporate of MLA, the 11th International Congress MLA celebrates its 25th anniversary in 2014. the necessary activities of marketing, training, on Medical Librarianship (ICML), the As T. Mark Hodges wrote in the section partnering, and collaborating. This ATG spe- 7th International Conference of Animal history posted in the MLA Website, (http:// cial issue includes seven contributions by ex- Health Information Specialists (ICAHIS), www.mlanet.org/archive/history/unit-history/ perienced authors who share insights and their and the 6th International Clinical Librarian international.html), “…although ICS was own experiences. They address current trends Conference (ICLC). The onsite report of the only founded in 1989, its antecedents go back and opportunities addressed or undertaken by 2013 meeting recorded representatives from to the earliest years of the association and are those who work with persons involved in the 46 countries. In the 2011/2012 special issue an integral part of the history of the section. triad of patient care, education, and research, of ATG, staff from the U.S. National Library From the outset, the MLA has had an interna- and beyond. Hopefully, all of the articles will of Medicine (NLM) shared examples of infor- continued on page 8 have elements that resonate with ATG readers mation innovation, often with a global focus. or pique their interest. Although most librarians are not qualified Without a doubt, those who work in the to offer clinical medical assistance in global What To Look For In This Issue: health and biomedical sciences information health initiatives or after international disasters, The Politics of Weeding...... 79 sector are familiar with phrases such as there are other ways for librarians to act glob- Emerging Shared Print Policy Choices as Reflected in MOUs...... 87 If Rumors Were Horses Outsell’s End-User Study: Faculty and Students...... 90 he wonderfully cheerful Eileen Lawrence (have you ever seen Interviews her frown?) tells us that her hard-working colleague Jenni Neil Blair Christensen...... 50 TWilson has left Alexander Street Press for a new career Frances Pinter...... 52 adventure. They have begun the hiring process. In the meantime, Mary Siegel will be handling Jenni’s accounts,
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Experience. Innovation. WANT TO KNOW MORE? Please contact your YBP representative at Partnership. [email protected] or visit www.ybp.com. Against The Grain Against the Grain (USPS 012-618) (ISSN 1043-2094) is published six times a year in February, April, June, Sep- TABLE OF CONTENTS tember, November, and December/January by Against the v.26 #2 April 2014 © Katina Strauch Grain, LLC, 209 Richardson Ave., MSC 98, The Citadel, Charleston, SC 29409. Subscription price per year is $50 U.S. ($60 Canada, $85 foreign, payable in U.S. dollars). ISSUES, NEWS, & GOINGS ON Periodicals postage paid at Charleston, SC. Postmaster: Send change of address to Against the Grain, LLC, 209 Rich- Rumors...... 1 Letters to the Editor...... 6 ardson Ave., MSC 98, The Citadel, Charleston, SC 29409. From Your Editor...... 6 Deadlines...... 6 Editor: Katina Strauch (College of Charleston) Associate Editors: FEATURES Rosann Bazirjian (UNC-Greensboro) Trends in Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences Information and Services Provision Cris Ferguson (Murray State) Guest Editor, Ramune K. Kubilius Tom Gilson (College of Charleston) John Riley (BUSCA) Trends in Health Sciences and Libraries Take on Policy: Support for Research Editors: Judy Luther (Informed Strategies) Biomedical Sciences Information and Open Access and Open Data...... 28 by Anneliese Taylor — The potential to open Assistants to the Editor: Services Provision...... 1 Ileana Strauch by Ramune Kubilius — Current trends and up access via a formalized policy is significant Toni Nix (Just Right Group, LLC) opportunities are addressed or undertaken by but not without some effort. Editor At Large: those who work with persons involved in the Basic Biomedical Scientists: The Dennis Brunning (Arizona State University) triad of patient care, education, and research, Rediscovered Library Users...... 34 Contributing Editors: and beyond. Rick Anderson (University of Utah) by Susan K. Kendall — The trends discussed Sever Bordeianu (U. of New Mexico) Librarians Without Borders: Building here involve new roles for librarians working Todd Carpenter (NISO) In-Country Research and Information with basic scientists. Bryan Carson (Western Kentucky University) Liz Chapman (University College London) Provision Capability...... 14 Where to Start? Opening Day Eleanor Cook (East Carolina University) by Carla J. Funk, J. Michael Homan, and Collections and Services for a Newly Anne Doherty (Choice) Lenny Rhine — MLA’s global commitment Anthony Ferguson Founded Medical School...... 36 Ruth Fischer (R2 Consulting Services) is the association’s international strategic Michelle Flinchbaugh (U. of MD Baltimore County) statement, which underscores the importance by Elizabeth R. Lorbeer — How does one Joyce Dixon-Fyle (DePauw University) of partnerships. assemble a new virtual health sciences library Laura Gasaway (UNC, Chapel Hill) for a new medical school? Health Association Libraries: The Spackle Chuck Hamaker (UNC, Charlotte) Disruptive Technology: Librarians Must William M. Hannay (Schiff, Hardin & Waite) Needed for Member Societies...... 20 Mark Herring (Winthrop University) Think Heretical Thoughts to Adapt.....38 Donna Jacobs (MUSC) by Mary A. Hyde — The Health Association Myer Kutz (Myer Kutz Associates, Inc.) Libraries Section (HALS) of MLA provides by Michelle A. Kraft — The preferred methods Tom Leonhardt library services to staff and may fill in for those of access have changed and we must continue to Rick Lugg (R2 Consulting Services) who don’t have access to library services. create easy access using these emerging methods. Mary (Tinker) Massey (ERAU) Jack Montgomery (Western Kentucky University) Cultivating Scholarship: The Role of Op Ed – Little Red Herrings...... 42 Bob Nardini (Coutts Information Services) Institutional Repositories in Health Is the Google Book Decision an Unqualified Rita Ricketts (Blackwell’s) Good? by Mark Herring — Mark asks if we Peter Shepherd (Project COUNTER) Sciences Libraries...... 24 all work for Google now… Greg Tananbaum (Consultant) by Lisa A. Palmer — The early promise of Jared Seay (College of Charleston) Back Talk...... 94 Deborah Vaughn institutional repositories is developing into new ways of engaging with researchers. Paradise Will Be A Kind of Library by Tony Graphics: Bowles & Carver, Old English Cuts & Illustrations. Ferguson — Tony talks about the new Pew Grafton, More Silhouettes. Ehmcke, Graphic Trade Foundation report on public libraries. Symbols By German Designers. Grafton, Ready-to-Use Old-Fashioned Illustrations. The Chap Book Style. ATG INTERVIEWS Production & Ad Sales: Toni Nix, Just Right Group, LLC., P.O. Box 412, Neil Blair Christensen...... 50 Frances Pinter...... 52 Cottageville, SC 29435, phone: 843-835-8604 fax: 843-835-5892
6 Against the Grain / April 2014
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Visit http://pubs.acs.org/legacyarchives for more information. views on reproducibility and re-use of scientific information in the open access (OA) world. In this issue of ATG, another health sciences scholarly communication librarian, Anneliese Taylor, focuses specifically on activities and initiatives that are in response to OA policies ke a closer look at.... and mandates. The U.S. National Institutes of Ta Health (NIH) is the largest source of funding for medical research in the world. So, there is no doubt that librarians who work at insti- tutions receiving NIH funds should and have become involved in helping their institutions’ The CHARLESTON REPORT researchers and authors meet the requirements of the NIH mandate (NIH Public Access Poli- Business Insights into the Library Market cy, http://publicaccess.nih.gov/) that celebrated its 5th anniversary in 2013. This article will serve as an interesting “snapshot” since there You Need The Charleston Report... are those who predict that many “disruptions” if you are a publisher, vendor, product developer, merchandiser, will continue to take place with the increasing number of open access mandates and changing consultant or wholesaler who is interested in improving nature of OA.2 Most libraries and librarians and/or expanding your position in the U.S. library market. would agree that they need to be responsive and proactive in establishing their niches in 00 the evolving “ecosystem” of research funding Subscribe today at our discounted rate of only $75. policies and mandates, open access, and schol- arly publishing in general. Libraries and their institutional parents try The Charleston Company to proactively and reactively address the chal- 6180 East Warren Avenue, Denver, CO 80222 lenges of data management and institutional repositories (IRs). Data management plans Phone: 303-282-9706 • Fax: 303-282-9743 are increasingly being mandated by funding agencies. Libraries are monitoring trends and becoming involved at various levels. Those initiatives can perhaps counteract findings such issues that medical society libraries faced. as those reported in a December 2013 Current Trends in Health Sciences ... How are health associations currently meeting Biology article study, that data forming the from page 1 the information needs of their headquarters’ backbone of many published articles becomes staffs? Do they provide information services less and less accessible to other researchers 3 tional role. Its very origin was an international for dues-paying association members? HALS as years go by. IRs archive scholarly output venture, when American and Canadian medical has surveyed its members since 1980 and links and the role of libraries and librarians in IR librarians got together and formed the MLA in to survey findings can be found in the research activities has evolved over the years. In a 1898.” In their article for ATG, Carla Funk, section of its site (http://www.hals.mlanet.org/ 2010 Webinar presentation entitled, “Institu- MLA’s Executive Director, J. Michael Ho- about/research/start.htm). Mary Hyde, the tional Repositories for Medical Schools,” Tim man, former MLA president and chair of the 2013/2014 chair of MLA’s Health Association Tanninga of bepress alluded in the abstract to 2013 annual meeting’s NPC (also director of Libraries Section (HALS), briefly reviews the the growing trend of medical school libraries 4 libraries at Mayo Clinic), and Lenny Rhine, landscape and highlights findings of the most managing their own IRs. If a medical school trainer extraordinaire for MLA’s Librarians recent HALS survey.1 She also illustrates some does have its own IR (or plans to), what makes Without Borders E-Library Training Initiative current roles of health association libraries and it unique, different, strategic? What work is (also university librarian emeritus, University librarians, using the example of the American involved and what elements ensure its success? of Florida), highlight some recent international College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, In 2011 Lisa Palmer and two colleagues from projects, partnerships, and initiatives of MLA where she works. Thomas Jefferson University surveyed the experiences of their respective institutions in and its members. The Association for Research Libraries a Webinar entitled, “Challenges and Opportu- Following a time honored tradition, profes- (ARL) Website, (http://www.arl.org/focus-ar- nities for Medical Institutional Repositories.”5 sional health associations have had libraries eas/scholarly-communication), includes this Here in ATG, she overviews strides made in at their headquarter offices and have offered definition of scholarly communication: “the this area and shares insights from her work library services to members. These days, system through which research and other schol- as an Institutional Repository Librarian in a health associations, often involving their arly writings are created, evaluated for quality, medical school. She addresses commonali- members, may be active in many endeavors, disseminated to the scholarly community, and ties and unique features of medical schools’ as: publishers (of books and journals), devel- preserved for future use.” The site also indi- institutional repositories, compared to other opers of professional information gateways cates that “researchers and scholars provide the types of IRs. and clinical practice guidelines, providers of focus and the purpose for scholarly communi- continuing education courses and authenti- cation. Librarians can be forceful advocates for A September 2013 viewpoint article in cators of courses developed by others, and so positive change.” At the 13th annual Charles- JAMA was entitled “The Evolving Role and much more. How central and embedded are ton Conference Health Sciences Lively Lunch Value of Libraries and Librarians in Health 6 librarians and librarians to these activities? in 2013, Robin Champieux of Oregon Health Care.” One can observe a parallel evolving The Health Association Libraries Section & Science University addressed three areas role and value of libraries and librarians in the (HALS) of the Medical Library Association of her work as a health sciences scholarly basic sciences sector as well. Historically, began in 1952 when the Medical Society Li- communication librarian. She shared trends many academic health sciences schools have braries Group was formed as a special interest in 1) researcher and author profile creation; had prominent basic scientists and educators. group of MLA and has been known by its 2) studies of publications and scholarly work Basic science forms a foundation for health present name since 2001. In those early years, using traditional impact factor measures as well care education. In academic and other research librarians sought a forum to discuss the unique as newer measures such as altmetrics; and 3) continued on page 10 8 Against the Grain / April 2014
physician shortage in the United States. As Krafty Librarian: Every Librarian Needs a Bag Trends in Health Sciences ... the headline of a February 15, 2010 New of Tricks (http://kraftylibrarian.com/), know from page 8 York Times article by Anemona Hortocollis that they will be amused, entertained, some- indicated, we are now “Expecting a Surge in times challenged and/or invigorated by things institutes involved with translational and U.S. Medical Schools.” On November 2012, she says and writes. Michelle has served on comparative medicine, basic science research the American Medical Association (AMA) the MLA Social Networking Task Force, has findings can impact health care knowledge and newswire featured an announcement about moderated the popular “Tech Trends” session at practices. In 2010, a survey report on infor- the opening of three new medical schools in MLA annual meetings, and, as December 2013 mation seeking behaviors of basic scientists the U.S, at UC Riverside School of Medicine election results revealed, will serve as president included this finding in the conclusion: “Al- (CA), Quinnipiac University’s Frank H. Net- of MLA, beginning her duties at the conclusion though the basic science researchers expressed ter MD School of Medicine in Hamden (CT), of the 2014 MLA annual meeting in Chicago a positive attitude toward the library, they did and Western Michigan University School of (May 16-21). In the 2011/2012 special issue not view its resources or services as integral to Medicine in Kalamazoo (MI).8 At the time of ATG, Patricia Hammond wrote about their work….”7 That finding was not shared of the announcement, all had received pre- hospitals’ collection building and information by Marysue Schaeffer at the 2013 Charleston liminary accreditation status from the Liaison resource work. In this issue of ATG, Michelle Conference Health Sciences Lively Lunch. Committee on Medical Education (LCME). As Kraft questions some established, perhaps She reported on the successful experience of one might imagine, hand-in-hand with hiring entrenched, practices, routines, and thinking. Becker Medical Library at Washington Uni- faculty and planning curricular matters, new It is her opinion and prognostication that much versity, where bioinformaticists on staff have medical schools also must address libraries and could and should (still) be changed in hospital provided specialized resources and services to information services. In days gone by, this was and health sciences libraries, and perhaps other the research community for the past ten years. referred to as planning for the “opening day types of libraries as well. Past ATG special issues included articles that collection.” How do present day librarians Thanks go to all of this year’s special issue addressed e-science (2011/2012) and VIVO in new academic medical institutions plan for contributors for sharing their expertise and (2008). In her 2014 ATG article, Susan Kend- collections (or these days, online access to re- insights! all provides an overview of the “rediscovered” sources) as well as services for “opening days” basic scientist. A librarian with a basic science — that is, the arrival of the inaugural classes doctoral degree, Susan regularly works with of students on-site or virtually (for online Endnotes scientists at her institution and networks with courses)? What are some goals, priorities, and 1. Dunikowski, L. G., Embrey, A. C., colleagues. She has developed and taught skills techniques? In her article, Elizabeth Lorbeer, Hawkes, W. G., Riedlinger, J. E., Tali- building CE courses in this area for colleagues library director at the third institution in the aferro, M. G., Van Hine, P. M. The Health in both MLA and SLA (the Special Libraries aforementioned AMA newswire announce- Association Libraries Section Survey: Association). She was a past convener of ment, shares some of her first-year plans and Finding Clues to Changing Roles. Journal MLA’s Molecular Biology Special Interest of the Medical Library Association 101 accomplishments. A follow-up at some future no.4.(2013): 318-22. Group (SIG), and is the 2013/2014 chair of date may be interesting… the MLA’s Collection Development Section. 2. Wellen, R. “Open Access, Megajournals, Last but not least, it is not an understatement and MOOCs: On the Political Economy of One could conclude that, based on the efforts to say that in many institutions, many things Academic Unbundling.” SAGE Open (Oc- and successes of this author and her colleagues, have changed. Changing budgets and priori- tober-December 2013: 1 –16). suggested future roles in the conclusion of the ties, external and internal, have driven libraries’ 3. Vines, T. H., Albert, A. Y. K., Andrew, aforementioned 2010 article are already com- decisions on collections (information resourc- R. L., Débarre, F., Bock, D. G., Franklin, ing to fruition at many institutions. es), staffing, and space. Views about technolo- M. T., Gilbert, K. J., Moore, J. S., Renaut, It is all too common to read or hear about S., Rennison, D. J. “The Availability of gy and practices are changing “in the trenches.” Research Data Declines Rapidly with Ar- special library closures and mergers. A small So, in what direction should and could libraries ticle Age.” Current Biology, 24, no.1 (19 exception to that current trend has been a head? Followers of hospital librarian Michelle December 2013): 326-35. response to an aging population and chang- Kraft’s lecture circuit appearances at profes- 4. Tamminga, T. “Institutional Repositories ing demographics that have contributed to a sional meetings or readers of her blog, The for Medical Schools” (2010). Research on Institutional Repositories: Articles and Presentations. Paper 14. http://digitalcom- mons.bepress.com/repository-research/14/ (Accessed January 14, 2014). 5. Kipnis, D., Koopman, A. E., and Palm- Rumors technologies at UNC-Greensboro. In 2004 Tim convened the Carolina Consortium, er, A. E. “Challenges and Opportunities from page 6 for Medical Institutional Repositories” which allows libraries in both North and South (2011). University of Massachusetts Medical Carolina to pool their monetary resources to years of professional experience who has School. Library Publications and Presen- obtain favorable pricing on electronic resourc- tations. Paper 135. http://escholarship. shown outstanding promise for continuing con- es. Tim also created Journal Finder, the first umassmed.edu/lib_articles/135 (Accessed tribution and leadership. The recipient receives open source link resolver. Journal Finder was January 14, 2014). a $1,500 grant donated by YPB, Inc., and a sold to North Carolina-based WT Cox Sub- 6. Sollenberger, J.F., Holloway Jr., R. G. citation in recognition of accomplishments. scriptions for $350,000 in 2008. The award “The Evolving Role and Value of Libraries Congratulations, Patrick! is sponsored by YBP Library Services and and Librarians in Health Care “JAMA. 310 no. 12 (2013):1231-32. http://www.ala.org/news/press-re- includes a $5,000 award to be giv- leases/2014/02/alcts-piercy-award- en during the ACRL President’s 7. Haines L. L., Light J., O’Malley D., patrick-carr Delwiche F. A. “Information-Seeking Program at the 2014 ALA An- Behavior of Basic Science Researchers: Speaking of Awards! I was nual Conference in Las Vegas. Implications for Library Services.” Journal catching up on some profes- http://newsandfeatures.uncg. of the Medical Library Association. 98 no. sional reading when I realized edu/journal-finder-sold-to-wt- 1 (2010): 73–81. that the person on the cover cox-subscriptions/#sthash. 8. “News for Academic Physicians: Three of College and Research Li- BKUD0kT5.dpuf new medical schools get preliminary braries News was none other accreditation.” AMAWire (21 November than Tim Bucknall!!! Tim is ACRL’s 2014 We are getting all sorts of renewals from 2012). http://www.ama-assn.org/ams/pub/ Academic/Research Librarian of the Year!! y’all for Against the Grain. Very gratifying! amawire/2012-november-21/2012-novem- We have been working on a rollout of the new ber-21-academic.shtml (Accessed January Woo hoo! Tim is assistant dean of libraries and 14, 2014). head of electronic resources and information continued on page 12
10 Against the Grain / April 2014
Bet You Missed It DSM-5® and essential new resources are Press Clippings — In the News — Carefully Selected by Your Crack Staff of News Sleuths available for students and practitioners Column Editor: Bruce Strauch (The Citadel) Editor’s Note: Hey, are y’all reading this? If you know of an article that should be called to Against the Grain’s attention ... send an @ email to
AH, THE POIGNANCY OF MIDWEST YEARNINGS WHITHER WARNER MUSIC? by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel) PsychiatryOnline.org by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel) Here’s some good old stand-bys about the Midwest. (1) Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie (1900) (Carrie takes to the Chicago stage; be- Leonard “Don’t call me an Oligarch” Blavatnik was born in Odessa, comes rich and famous; all her lovers end up in the gutter); (2) Sinclair immigrated with his family to NY aged 21 in the ’70s when Jews were Lewis, Main Street (1920) (desperate for culture in Gopher Prairie); allowed to leave the Soviet Union. He did Columbia and Harvard PsychiatryOnline.org offers the most comprehensive online access available for (3) F. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise (1920) (not sure how B-School. When Russia began selling off state industries, he bought this one quite fits, other than Fitzgerald being Midwestern and filled into aluminum manufacturing, mixed it up with the crime groups, sued psychiatric textbooks, journals and professional development tools. This virtual with yearnings to be rich); (4) Booth Tarkington, Alice Adams (1921) and was sued by partners, survived, and is now billionaire rich. (desperation to escape middle class-dom); Jetta Carleton, Moonflower He lives in a £41 million mansion on Kensington Palace Gardens, library is a key resource used in the teaching and study of psychiatry, psycholo- Vine (1962) (a four-women-go-out-in-the-world novel; 1962 bestseller lunches with Lord Weidenfeld, shmoozes with the Clintons. Gave often compared to Little Women). £117 million for a Blavatnik School of Government at Oxford; gave gy, and other mental health disciplines. It is an essential tool for mental health See — Diane Johnson, “Five Best,” The Wall Street Journal, Jan. $50 million to Harvard. 18-19, 2014, p.C10. In 2011, he bought Warner Music for $3.3 billion. It’s said he professional, used in diagnosis, treatment, and professional development. (Diane is, of course, the author of the marvelous “Le Divorce,” and bought it not out of a love for music but for social cachet. The execs “The Marriage,” in which she captures all the subtleties of the French. were shocked by his tastes which run to Fiddler on the Roof. Blavat- Her new book is “Flyover Lives: A Memoir.”) nik got rid of the wild overcompensation to execs, making them take dividends from increased value in the company. PsychiatryOnline Premium The coke-fueled heady days of the ’70s music biz are gone. Doom- sters talk about the “CD cliff,” the point when CDs vanish from retail. The most comprehensive online collection Listeners don’t want to pay for streaming subscriptions. MEMORY LANE ROCK of psychiatry books and journals. Includes: by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel) Blavatnik seems to see War- ner as a real estate buy rather ® One of the forgotten giants of early rock was Jerome Feldman AKA than media-and-entertainment. DSM-5 , peer reviewed journals, and 16 Doc Pomus. Born in 1925, crippled from age 7 by polio, he spent his He’ll profit from the gigantic early years in an iron lung and casts and fell in love with music. At reference and textbooks. catalogue of recordings dating 17, he staggered into a Greenwich Village club on crutches and in leg to the ’60s. braces, announced he was a blues singer. He was given a $40-a-week gig and went on from there to write and record 50 blues numbers in the See — Connie Bruck, “The PsychiatryOnline Core 1950s for Atlantic. Billionaire’s Playlist,” The New “Save the Last Dance for Me,” “This Magic Moment,” “Little Yorker, Jan. 20, 2014, p.40. Essential reference and reading. Sister,” “Can’t Get Used to Losing ® You,” and “Teenager in Love” were Includes: DSM-5 , plus The American Journal among his greats. Business fell off in the ’60s when Future Dates for Charleston Conferences of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Services, and rockers started writing their own Preconferences and Psychiatric News. music. Then he was hit by a wrecked Vendor Showcase Main Conference marriage and big back taxes owed. In the ’70s and ’80s he staged a 2014 Conference 5 November 6-8 November DSM-5 Library comeback, collaborating with B.B. 2015 Conference 4 November 5-7 November King, Dr. John, and Bob Dylan. Institutional access to DSM-5®, as well as See — Marc Myers, “From Pain, 2016 Conference 2 November 3-5 November Magic Moments,” The Wall Street 2017 Conference 8 November 9-11 November the new DSM-5® Handbook of Differential Journal, Oct. 4, 2014, p.D4. Diagnosis and DSM-5® Clinical Cases.
Speaking of Against the Grain, in the that is viable — building an opening day Rumors current print issue Ramune Kubilius has collection for a virtual health science library. from page 10 done her usual thorough job of updating us on The school received over 3,570 applications the state of the medical library community. for 50 spots in the first class which begins Website and hope to unveil it very soon! In There is a whole lot of library rethinking August 2014. Elizabeth says that there is Contact us for more information or to purchase a subscription: the meantime Tom Gilson and Leah Hinds going on which is necessary in this environ- no physical space for print material but an Call 703-907-7874 or Email [email protected] are doing their very best to keep us informed. ment that we find ourselves in, and this issue adjoining information commons allows stu- Be sure and visit the Website frequently and focuses on the medical library community. I dents to pass through easily between lecture set up RSS feeds! Have you renewed your was especially fascinated by Elizabeth Lor- hall and the learning community. See this Request a free 30-day institutional trial: Email [email protected] subscription yet? beer’s article about being a library director issue, p.36. http://www.against-the-grain/com of “nothing” and making it into something continued on page 18 Priority Code: AP1405 12 Against the Grain / April 2014
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Priority Code: AP1405 Librarians Without Borders: Building In-Country Research and Information Provision Capability by Carla J. Funk (Executive Director, Medical Library Association; MLA International Affairs Officer)
Global Commitment • MLA supports capacity building training through Global commitment for the Medical Li- programs at the association, section, distance educa- brary Association (MLA) is not a series of chapter, and individual member tion programs and talking points or an informative Website, but areas. the mobilization a program that reflects a deep commitment • MLA believes that building capacity of volunteers for to internationalism and outreach. One of will be most effective and long-last- in-country train- the keys to understanding MLA’s global ing when partnerships are created ing and work- commitment is the association’s international with groups sharing similar goals, shops. Besides the Elsevier Foundation, strategic statement which underscores the particularly partnerships with inter- MLA also partners with the Health Inter- importance of partnerships and the need to national agencies where shared goals Network Access to Research Initiative build in-country capacity through qualified intersect with available expertise and (HINARI) Access to Research in Health librarians, technology, and information ac- infrastructure.1 Programme, the Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa (ITOCA), and cess. This includes collection development As part of this strategy, the MLA/Librar- by facilitating free and/or less costly access the World Health Organization (WHO) ians Without Borders (LWB) program was among others. HINARI is included in the to a variety of scientific databases through formally established in 2005 as MLA’s or- in-country training programs. Research4Life program that is a public-pri- ganizational structure for its global outreach. vate partnership between WHO, the Food • MLA believes that the key elements One of the most successful programs is the and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the in improved health for all peoples grant-funded E-Library Training Initiative. United Nations Environment Programme are the ability of each nation to (UNEP), the World Intellectual Property strengthen and build health scienc- E-library Training Initiative Organization (WIPO), and others with 190 es information capacity through The MLA/Librarians Without Borders science publishers facilitated by the Interna- qualified health sciences librarians, (LWB) e-library training initiative was estab- tional Association of STM Publishers. MLA implementation of supporting tech- lished in 20072 and is funded in part by the has also worked with other partners to support nological infrastructure, and access generous support of the Elsevier Foundation. this program including the World Health to quality information. It provides access to quality health information Organization’s European, Western Pacific, and Southeast Asia and Eastern Mediterranean Regional Offices, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Ministries of Health, against thepeople grain profile universities, medical schools, libraries, and hospitals in the countries and cities where the workshops were held. The partnership’s goal Executive Director is to reduce the gap in scientific knowledge Medical Library Association between industrialized countries and the devel- 65 E. Wacker Place, Suite 1900, Chicago, IL oping world by providing long-term training on the use of online resources through a variety of Phone: (312) 419-9094 • Fax: (312) 419-8950 training modules.3
14 Against the Grain / April 2014
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For more information and pricing, please contact OSA’s sales team or local agent: US/CANADA: Alan Tourtlotte at OSA. Email: [email protected] EUROPE/RUSSIA: David Charles at E-Licensing. Email: [email protected] INDIA: Globe Publication Pvt. Ltd. Email: [email protected] JAPAN: Kinokuniya Company Ltd. Email: [email protected] ASIA EXCEPT INDIA, JAPAN, OR SOUTH KOREA: Sung Tinnie at iGroup. Email: [email protected] Librarians Without Borders ... from page 14 against thepeople grain profile ical records and IT staff, and veterinary and agricultural students in developing countries about HINARI, Access to Global Online Director of Libraries, Mayo Clinic Libraries Research in Agriculture (AGORA), Online Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 Access to Research in the Environment Phone: (507) 284-9595 • Fax: (507) 284-1038 (OARE), and Access to Research Devel-
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World: Find Us: www.amdigital.co.uk @AdamMatthewGrp [email protected] facebook.com/TheAdamMatthewGroup Librarians Without Borders ... from page 16 against thepeople grain profile For the past two years, all workshops have included a cross-program training module titled “Research4Life Programmes — Similarities Coordinator, MLA/ Librarians Without Borders E-Library Training Initiative and Differences.” The HINARI, AGORA, Medical Library Association and OARE Web interfaces are reviewed, as
18 Against the Grain / April 2014
Health Association Libraries: The Spackle Needed for Member Societies by Mary A. Hyde (Senior Director, Resource Center, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)
Introduction 5 professional librarians and 3 library techni- Since 1952 there has been a special interest cians. The Resource Center has the largest group or section within the Medical Library number of staff of the association libraries and Association (MLA) that represents medical may be on par with the American Academy of College. Our main function is to provide as- society libraries and librarians. The section is Pediatrics as far as collection size. sistance to staff in their development of College now known as the Health Association Librar- The Reading Room of the Resource Cen- practice guidelines (i.e., Practice Bulletins, ies Section (HALS). Health association librar- ter contains current editions of publications Committee Opinions, Guideline Books) and ies provide library services to staff and many including journals and other serials. The other publications (i.e., Patient Education Pam- provide services to their members as well. We Resource Center stacks contain journals that phlets, Your Pregnancy and Birth, Professional often fill in for those who don’t have access to go back to 1869, books that go back to 1951 Liability and Risk Management). We provide the library services that they may need. Over with the founding of the College, and the reference service to members who have ques- time we have learned that to continue to exist publications archives. The History Reading tions about College guidelines that they need we need to adapt our services to fit the shifting Room contains books that are about the history for their practices. We provide guidelines to priorities and needs of our parent organizations. of medicine, women’s health, obstetrics and consumers and other non-members to help answer their questions when it pertains to an The Health Association Libraries Section gynecology, and medical schools, as well as obstetric or gynecologic issue. and its predecessors have conducted periodic biographical information of those who have surveys since 1980. The surveys have focused been instrumental in women’s health. The Research — The Resource Center also on basic data about clientele, collections, staff, history stacks contain publications that phy- researches information for staff, whether it services, funding, and stability. The surveys sicians used at the time they were practicing. is for a forthcoming publication or if they have captured why many of these special li- Our oldest document is from 1552. Also in the have received a request from a member. The braries have succeeded in tough financial times. history stacks are the College’s organizational Resource Center attends committee meetings archives and audiovisual collection. The Burn- on the development of guidelines so that when Library Environment and Services hill Collection of birth control publications is a search is necessary the Resource Center can As in the past, HALS recently conducted a also housed in the history stacks. The History perform one then or when it is requested after survey of its members and other medical societ- Museum is the visual history of the specialty the meeting. ies for information on status, services, staffing, and includes a collection of forceps and a User Instruction — The Resource Center and technology. This survey showed that many collection of vibrators. trains staff on using the library and provides of our members still provide traditional library Traditional Library Services a tour of our collections. We don’t use a services such as reference, searches, document traditional classification system, because our delivery, current awareness, user instruction, Current Awareness — The Resource collections are very subject specific. Having research, and fact-checking. Center provides a current awareness service user instruction is essential for staff to use the to staff and members of articles that may be of HALS members offer services to organiza- Resource Center effectively. interest to them in the development of College tion staff, but less frequently provide services publications or in their practice. At this time to members, nonmember health professionals, Non-Traditional Library Services we are utilizing The Old Reader to manage and the public. Many libraries have also sup- Advocacy — The Resource Center advo- our journal and news feeds. The Old Reader ported their organizations in non-traditional cates for the College by exhibiting at meetings. is similar to the old Google Reader. ways. Some of these non-traditional services We are the lead exhibitor at our Annual Clinical are providing or organizing archives, publica- Document Delivery — The Resource Cen- Meeting. We organize and display the mate- tions support, advocacy, records management, ter has an Interlibrary Loan Department that rials that the College produces and we answer Website development, and consumer health. provides articles, books, and other documents many of the questions that members and other to staff of the College. We have had to expand participants may have about the College and One Health Association Library’s this service to include many of our members its activities. We have often exhibited at the Environment and Services who have been left without access to library annual MLA meetings as well. The consolidated results from the 2011 services in the healthcare institutions where Archives — The College has maintained HALS survey were published in the October they work. Although this member benefit is an organizational and publications archives 2013 Journal of the Medical Library Associa- not known by most members, it is something for many years. We hope that our publications tion.1 The following is one illustration of what we provide when asked. archive includes at least one copy of every doc- a typical (or not) association library does for Fact Checking — The Resource Center ument we have ever published. Many patrons its staff and members. provides fact-checking for our Communi- who request information from the organization- The American College of Obstetricians cations department to respond to reporter al archives seem to confuse us with the archives and Gynecologists was founded in 1951 and questions. that can be found at many universities, which now has more than 57,000 members. The Online Searches — The Resource Center contain the papers of their faculty and staff. Resource Center, the College’s library was provides online searches for staff. We have Ours however, is organizational by nature and established in 1969. The Resource Center at provided evidence based medicine searches contains minutes, programs, directories, and the American College of Obstetricians and to staff that develop the Practice Bulletins for audiovisual materials. Gynecologists has become an integral part of the College for many years. We also provide Consumer Health — The Resource Center the College. The Resource Center is located in searches to Committees for other College provides information to consumers on women’s the lower level of The College’s headquarters. publications. The Resource Center provides health issues. Staff will also send lists of physi- The Resource Center includes several collec- members with searches upon request. cians if a consumer needs a physician referral. tions. The Resource Center has over 12,000 Reference Service — The Resource Center Historical Collection — The Resource books, 450 serial titles, and 400 reference files provides reference services to staff, members, Center’s historical collection is a very import- in all areas of women’s health. We have 8 staff, consumers, and other non-members of the continued on page 22
20 Against the Grain / April 2014
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he daily activities of institutional re- development of the DSpace and EPrints open research funding at many academic health cen- pository administrators are varied and source repositories. According to OpenDOAR, ters — to the digital archive PubMed Central Tchallenging. We help our students, the Directory of Open Access Repositories, (PMC) immediately upon acceptance for pub- faculty, and researchers submit their scholarly there are now more than 2,100 institutional lication. The NIH policy has proven to be an publications into the repository. We track our repositories worldwide.2 important driver for researchers to engage with researchers’ new publications. We explain In 2010, the Association of Academic librarians about open access, author rights, and what “open access” means. We consult on Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) com- the benefits of allowing their research results to copyright issues to determine if a paper, or piled statistics on services provided by their be more easily accessed and used. Having an given version of a paper, can be deposited. We 117 members in the U.S. and Canada. Of these established repository in place to accept open respond to requests from academic departments 117 libraries, 35.9 % (42) reported offering access materials and for self-archiving journal to create new collections and reconfigure institutional repository services, with 34.2% articles is a significant and useful approach for existing collections. We consult our platform (40) planning or considering institutional promoting open access on campus. Authors vendor or programmers about system problems repositories.3 Some of these institutional repos- who have made their publications openly and functionality questions. We do promotion, itories are “standalone” repositories managed accessible in the institutional repository and outreach, workflow analysis, project manage- by the medical library; in other cases, medical departments that are utilizing the repository ment, training, supervision, quality control, libraries are utilizing the repository managed for open access journal hosting may be willing metadata management, and customer service. through the main campus library. Examples of to champion open access efforts with other We perfect our “elevator speech” so that we medical institutional repositories can be located researchers and groups. can concisely explain the value of this work through a search of OpenDOAR (Repository Measurement of Research Impact — when opportunities arise. type: Institutional, Subject area: Health & Institutional repositories generate impressive Institutional repository administrators Medicine); additional medical repositories usage metrics that can be a strong incentive do all this to cultivate and disseminate the are accessible via the Website of the bepress for individual researchers and departmental scholarship at their institutions. Cultivation, or Digital Commons hosted repository system.4 leaders to partner with libraries to deposit gardening, is an apt metaphor for the manage- In order to be successful, the institutional publications and remain engaged. Repository ment of an institutional repository. Gardening repository services put into practice by health downloads are a component of newly emerging requires land or a box for planting, just as a sciences libraries should be appropriate to and “altmetrics” tools that track and measure the repository requires a software platform. A valued by the institution at large. A significant scholarly influence and research impact of garden benefits from planning and structure, as role for a repository manager is to determine, online publications in real time. Many aca- does an institutional repository. Both gardens provide, and promote customized repository demic libraries, including those in the health and repositories need care and encouragement services that will engage researchers and de- sciences, are beginning to raise awareness and to grow, and those who work with them must partments. The services described below are develop outreach services for their researchers be patient and be prepared to work for a long not unique to health sciences libraries but have about altmetrics. These tools may prove to be time without seeing much progress. been successful in the medical environment. particularly useful in the medical environment The early promise of institutional repos- Research Product Dissemination — The if they can provide evidence of success or im- itories is beginning to bear fruit. Medical primary benefit of institutional repositories pact in terms of community engagement with libraries with institutional repositories, like is that they raise the visibility and enhance clinical research. other academic libraries, have found that their the accessibility of publications by provid- Showcase for Individual Researchers, repositories support new ways of engaging ing free, unrestricted, online access to these Departments, and the Institution — A major with researchers and meet- publications. Content is motivation for researchers to participate in ing the challenges posed discoverable in Google, an institutional repository is to increase the by the transformation in Google Scholar, and other visibility of their publications, and thus their scholarly communication search engines, ensuring own prestige. Some institutional repositories over the past decade ex- breadth of dissemination. are integrated with faculty profile tools that emplified by open access, Like other institutional re- showcase individual researchers, their research the National Institutes of positories, medical repos- interests, and their publications. Academic Health Public Access Pol- itory collections contain a departments, schools, research centers, and icy, campus-based pub- range of products: theses the institution as a whole can benefit from lishing, and the sharing of and dissertations, journal these activities as well. Publication collec- research data. Institution- articles, book chapters, tions serve as showcases to attract prospective al repositories can grow posters, presentations, stu- graduate students, researchers, and faculty, and thrive in academic health sciences libraries dent projects, datasets, and archival and histor- and can help departments manage and track and be a vital component in the provision of ical materials. Content unique to the health their publishing output. At the University library services to faculty, researchers, staff, sciences includes patient education materials, of Massachusetts Medical School, RSS and students. anatomy videos, and Grand Rounds lectures. (Really Simple Syndication) feeds from some collections in the institutional repository, Repository Services in Academic Open Access Advocacy — The intro- duction of the National Institutes of Health eScholarship@UMMS, have been embedded Health Sciences Libraries (NIH) Public Access Policy in 2008 provided into department home pages on the university The concept of an institutional repository — medical librarians with a new avenue of Website to create fresh, dynamic listings that “a set of services that a university offers to the outreach to researchers, as well as a conversa- automatically display the latest publications members of its community for the management tion-starter about the open access movement. authored by their faculty and students. This and dissemination of digital materials created This policy requires scientists to submit final creative application effectively leverages the by the institution and its community mem- peer-reviewed journal manuscripts that arise institutional repository, eliminates redundant 1 bers” — emerged over a decade ago with the from NIH funds — the leading source of continued on page 26 24 Against the Grain / April 2014
Cultivating Scholarship ... from page 24 against thepeople grain profile work, and integrates the repository with exist- ing services — a win-win for the department, the library, and the institution. Institutional Repository Librarian Campus-based Publishing Support — University of Massachusetts Medical School, Lamar Soutter Library Medical libraries have joined other academic 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 libraries in exploring campus-based publishing, Phone: (508) 856-4368 •
The Journal of Nursing Education is a monthly, peer- reviewed publication of original articles and new ideas for nurse JOURNAL OF educators in various types and levels of nursing programs for February 2014 Volume 53 NURSING Number 2 over 50 years. The Journal enhances the teaching-learning process, promotes curriculum development, and stimulates
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Follow @JNEJournal where services have declined, such as catalog- and expertise of library staff, and build new Cultivating Scholarship ... ing or circulation. Cross-departmental teams partnerships and collaborations. from page 26 are also an option. Permanent staffing and strong leadership clearly help with repository Acknowledgment Redundancy — Busy researchers in ac- promotion, content recruitment, and building This paper is based in part on ideas pre- ademic health centers — many of whom are trust and credibility. Departmental adminis- sented in a 2011 Webinar, “Challenges and required to submit manuscripts to PubMed trative staff can be enlisted for assisting with Opportunities for Medical Institutional Repos- Central — often perceive self-archiving in deposits for their departments. Technology itories” with Dan Kipnis and Ann Koopman, institutional repositories to be a redundant and automated solutions should be explored. and a presentation at the Special Libraries activity. Some can be convinced by arguments Staffing for repository work is certainly a Association Annual Conference, Chicago, that the library is building a comprehensive challenge, but investing in this work allows Illinois, July 2012. collection of university scholarship, including the library to provide a valuable service to the faculty papers that cannot be made available community and builds relationships among through PubMed Central, and that it is Endnotes library staff and researchers. Support of library important not to rely on external sources to administration for institutional repositories is a 1. Clifford A. Lynch, “Institutional Repos- make these publications accessible. This is itories: Essential Infrastructure for Schol- key factor for successful and creative staffing an ongoing issue for the administrators of arship in the Digital Age.” ARL no. 226 solutions. medical institutional repositories to address, (February 2003): 1–7, accessed December and in fact, some have decided not to rou- 21, 2013, http://www.arl.org/storage/docu- Looking Ahead ments/publications/arl-br-226.pdf. tinely collect papers from PubMed Central. Academic libraries are confronting rapid 2. University of Nottingham, “OpenDO- Implementing automated harvesting and direct changes in higher education and scholarly com- AR, the Directory of Open Access Repos- deposit solutions that reduce researcher effort munication. As open access and research data itories,” last modified December 20, 2013, are critical. A federated network of repositories sharing gain momentum, institutional reposito- accessed December 21, 2013, http://www. as envisioned by SHARE may lessen or even ries have taken root at many academic libraries, opendoar.org/index.html. eliminate redundancy in the future. including health sciences libraries, and are be- 3. Association of Academic Health Staffing, Sustainability, and Scalability coming a critical component of the services that Sciences Libraries, “Annual Statistics of — Like other academic libraries, health scienc- Medical School Libraries in the United libraries provide to their researchers, faculty, States and Canada, Services 2010,” accessed es libraries have employed various approaches staff, and students. The care, encouragement, December 30, 2013, http://www.aahsl.org/ for staffing and allocating resources for their and patience of repository administrators are annual-statistics. institutional repositories. Opportunities for paying off, and the utilization of institutional 4. Bepress, “Medical School Institutional medical libraries tend to be more limited, repositories is growing to include publishing, Repositories,” accessed December 21, since in general they have smaller staffs and grant support, and the measurement of re- 2013, http://digitalcommons.bepress.com/ may not have access to undergraduate student search impact. The promise and potential of institutional-repository-medical/. labor to perform repository tasks. The staffing a federated network of repositories are com- 5. Confederation of Open Access Re- dilemma may lead medical libraries to rely on pelling. Medical libraries should continue to positories, “Incentives, Integration, and the institutional repositories managed by the cultivate their institutional repositories, which Mediation: Sustainable Practices for Pop- main campus library, or make them hesitant in turn allow them to cultivate and disseminate ulating Repositories,” June 2013, accessed to become actively involved. December 21, 2013, https://www.coar-re- scholarship produced at their institutions. By positories.org/activities/repository-content/ Some medical libraries have moved for- playing a critical leadership role in this area, sustainable-practices-for-populating-repos- ward by repurposing or reprioritizing existing medical libraries can gain visibility and cred- itories-report/. librarians and paraprofessionals from areas ibility across the institution, expand the skills
Libraries Take on Policy: Support for Open Access and Open Data by Anneliese Taylor (Assistant Director for Scholarly Communications & Collections)
he growth of open access (OA) journal version of a published article in an open access version to be uploaded via self-archiving. publishing has exploded in the last repository, whether that be an institutional There may or may not be a delay period after Tdecade. The number of full, immediate repository (IR) or a disciplinary repository, or publication before the manuscript can be made OA articles went from 2% to 11% of all arti- even placing articles on an openly accessible accessible. cles published between 2000 and 2011. When Website. “Self-archiving” is frequently used Open access policies passed at the insti- hybrid and embargoed open access articles are interchangeably with green OA. It does not tutional level or by research funders are an included in the count, the 2011 total jumps to require authors to pay an article processing attempt to broaden public access on a larger 17% across all disciplines. And looking at bio- charge as many gold OA models do. scale. The potential to open up access via a medical journals specifically, 36% of articles Many publishers have a history of allowing formalized policy is significant, but not without published were OA.1 authors to self-archive a version of some effort. The next sections will highlight Alongside this impressive their article. The version is typically health sciences libraries and their roles with growth in what’s commonly the accepted author’s manuscript, green OA policies in the United States. referred to as gold open incorporating changes from the access publishing has peer-review process, but be- NIH Public Access Policy been a multi-pronged fore the publisher has co- The single largest influencer on the growth effort to expand access pyedited, formatted, and of green OA articles in the health sciences to published articles branded the manuscript to date is the National Institutes of Health through “green” open for final publication. A (NIH) Public Access Policy, passed in 2008. access. Green OA is the very few publishers al- This policy requires peer-reviewed scholarly process of depositing a low the final, published continued on page 30
28 Against the Grain / April 2014
Libraries Take on Policy ... from page 28 against thepeople grain profile articles published by NIH-funded researchers to be submitted to PubMed Central (PMC). The articles are made publicly available no Assistant Director for Scholarly Communications & Collections later than twelve months after the official pub- University of California, San Francisco Library lication date.2 PMC is NIH’s freely accessible, 530 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0840 full text article repository, with close to three Phone: (415) 476-8415 •
30 Against the Grain / April 2014
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For more information regarding IGI Global’s InfoSci®-Databases, please contact: [email protected] 1.866.342.6657 ext.100 | 717.533.8845 ext.100 awarded to the Johns Hopkins University of California have all initiated implemen- Libraries Take on Policy ... Sheridan Libraries. The project provides tation of such a tool (managed by but not from page 30 tools to preserve, share, and discover data. necessarily funded by the library). The A popular, free tool for generating data man- effectiveness of these projects will be eval- 6 cape journal publishers ). Studies conducted in agement plans is the DMPTool, run by the uated after a period of implementation and 2010 and 2011 have found that health personnel California Digital Library (CDL). will inform the library community at large read primary literature found in PubMed and The datasets themselves may be deposited about what kind of results can be expected that access contributes to health care.7, 8 in a growing selection of open data repositories, as a return on the library’s commitment to Expanding Public Access to which are managed by government agencies, supporting OA policies. Federally-Funded Research non-profit and commercial organizations, and Looking Ahead academic institutions. The UCSF Library The need for library support for the NIH partnered with the UCSF Clinical & Trans- There is no doubt that the library’s role Public Access Policy is likely to lessen over lational Science Institute and the CDL to within the academy is going through signif- the next few years as authors get continually develop an open data repository for UCSF icant transition, especially when it comes comfortable with the routine. Meanwhile, a scientists called DataShare, released in 2013. to health sciences fields. As the nature of similar policy will be expanding to other U.S. Data is preserved in CDL’s Merritt repository clinical practice, research, and scholarly federal agencies. Under President Obama, and each dataset is assigned a unique EZID communication changes with technological the White House Office of Science & Tech- identifier for tracking and citation. Content is advances, libraries are finding their niche and nology Policy (OSTP) issued a directive in gradually being added, as researchers over- trying on new roles that build on librarian February 2013 to all federal agencies with come the hurdle of discomfort with releasing strengths. more than $100M in research & development datasets too soon. expenditures to develop a public access policy. It calls for making the direct results of federally It remains to be seen what kind of an impact funded research, both peer-reviewed articles the OSTP directive will have on libraries, as Endnotes and digital data, publicly available and useful. the office has yet to release plans for carrying out the policy. The OSTP specifically stated 1. Mikael Laakso and Bo-Christer Björk, On January 17, President Obama signed its preference for agencies to work together in “Anatomy of open access publishing: a study the 2014 omnibus appropriations legislation, developing their plans, and to leverage existing of longitudinal development and internal thereby codifying a portion of the OSTP structure,” BMC Medicine v.10#124 (2012), 9 archives. It also encourages public-private directive. The new law calls for the man- partnerships where appropriate. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-124. uscripts of articles funded through awards 2. NIH Public Access Policy http://public- from the Departments of Education, Health If the chosen model is along the lines of access.nih.gov/index.htm. & Human Services, and Labor to be made what the publisher-backed CHORUS has pro- posed, the content would reside on publishers’ 3. University of Arkansas Medical Sci- publicly accessible no later than 12 months ences Library. “NIH PAP.” Accessed after publication. Other parts of the directive servers and would require less involvement January 13, 2014, https://docs.google.com/ are not addressed in the legislation and infor- by authors and librarians who support them folderview?id=0B6-FIjB8QQKHUV9SOW- mation has yet to come on how these aspects (though it’s hard to imagine any system not pWT0h4Q2c. will be addressed. requiring some level of intervention and com- 4. P. Scott Lapinski, David Osterbur, pliance verification). If the SHARE model The directive extends a public access policy Joshua Parker, and Alexa T. McCray, is adopted, which relies on university-based “Supporting Public Access to Research to around 20 agencies, including the National digital repositories, then library involvement Results,” College & Research Libraries v.75 Science Foundation and the Department of will be significant, as the stewards for institu- (January 2014):20-33. Energy. Another interesting part of this order tional repositories. Of course, the government 5. Stephen Maher, telephone conversation is the inclusion of data and metadata and the might opt for more than one method, depending with author, January 9, 2014. focus on the usability and preservation of re- on the agency. Then we’ll certainly have our 6. Philip M. Davis, “Public accessibility search outputs. Under the NIH Public Access hands full! of biomedical articles from PubMed Cen- Policy, data are not included, and access is the tral reduces journal readership — retro- only thing specified. The OSTP highlights Organizational Open Access Policies spective cohort analysis,” FASEB Journal the importance of being able to search, re- Yet another approach to broadening ac- v.27#7:2536-41 (July 2013), doi:10.1096/ trieve, and analyze data in digital formats to cess to scholarly research is the institutional fj.13-229922. enable scientific breakthroughs and stimulate open access policy. There are currently 250 7. Jamie O’Keeffe, John Willinsky, innovations. institutional or sub-institutional OA man- Lauren Maggio, “Public access and use of On the data front, researchers will be re- health research: an exploratory study of the dates in place around the world, and the list National Institutes of Health (NIH) Public quired to develop data management plans and grows monthly. The policies are passed by Access Policy using interviews and surveys will be expected to deposit data in publicly academic faculty or researchers, and libraries of health personnel,” Journal of Medical accessible databases “where appropriate and take on the implementation. Librarians in Internet Research 13#4: e97 (2011), doi: available.” Since some publishers (PLOS, all disciplines have become deeply engaged 10.2196/jmir.1827. Nature) and some funders such as the National in the intricacies of these policies and in 8. Lauren A. Maggio, Ryan M. Steinberg, Science Foundation and the NIH already re- supporting authors depositing their final Laura Moorhead, Bridget O’Brien, quire data management plans, several academic manuscripts in the institutional repository. John Willinsky, “Access of primary and libraries have already established programs Institutional OA policies have a great secondary literature by health personnel in around data management and data curation. an academic health center: implications for potential to expand (true) open access (not open access,” Journal of the Medical Library These programs are multi-disciplinary and just public access) to a vast quantity of Association 101#3:205-12 (July 2013), doi: therefore not necessarily based in the health peer-reviewed scholarly articles. In practice, 10.3163/1536-5050.101.3.010. sciences library, however HS subject liaisons however, the compliance rate is very low as it 9. Ian Chant, “Federal Spending Bill are increasingly involved in helping research- relies on authors voluntarily depositing their Expands Research Funding with Open ers make plans to properly store, preserve, and articles in an open repository — without the Access Mandate, Restores IMLS Funding,” share their data. threat of losing funding if they don’t take the LibraryJournal, January 23, 2014, http://bit. Data is the new currency for research,10 and steps. Always the information organizers, ly/1nUNH6C. libraries and their institutions are increasingly several libraries have invested in database 10. John Markoff, “How to Share Scientific partnering to develop data curation infra- solutions to manage author publication track- Data,” New York Times, August 12, 2013, structure and services. The DataConservancy ing and deposit workflows. The libraries at http://nyti.ms/1aPQSTx. project is the outcome of a $20M NSF grant Duke University, MIT, and the University
32 Against the Grain / April 2014
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ANNUAL REVIEWS: Connect With Our Experts Tel: 800.523.8635 (us/can) | Tel: 650.843.6647 | Fax: 650.424.0910 | Email: [email protected] Basic Biomedical Scientists: The Rediscovered Library Users by Susan K. Kendall (Health Sciences Coordinator and Biology Librarian, Michigan State University Libraries)
ot that long ago, maybe 10-15 years, more and more library positions for researcher larger groups impacted by scholarly publishing most academic health sciences librari- bioinformatics support began to be advertised issues. New roles for collections and liaison Nans seemed focused almost exclusively and filled either by librarians with specialized librarians and new librarian positions are being on the professional colleges that they served: knowledge or non-librarian PhD biologists. created to revolve around publishing and open medical and nursing, perhaps pharmacy, den- By 2006, a special focus issue of the Journal access issues. Another AAHSL survey in 2010 tistry, or veterinary. In 2002, a Journal of the of the Medical Library Association published showed that 75% of academic health sciences Medical Library Association paper on new 8 case studies of library bioinformatics ser- libraries are supporting faculty or working with roles for health sciences librarians mentioned vices.4 Now, this type of position has become another library or department on campus to several new opportunities for working with almost de rigueur for academic health sciences support faculty with NIH public access policy clinical patrons: participating in grand rounds libraries, and a survey of medical school-affil- manuscript submission, and over 50% of health and continuing medical education, working iated libraries in the Association of Academic sciences libraries have at least shared responsi- with community health professionals, filtering Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) in 2010 bility on their campuses for their institutional quality sources in the clinical environment, and showed that 46% of respondents were offering repository.6 Two other articles in this issue of incorporating more library instruction into the some kind of bioinformatics support, sometimes Against the Grain address librarian support for medical curriculum.1 I was a new health sci- shared with other libraries or units on campus. open access policies and institutional reposito- ences librarian in 2002, and it certainly seemed Another significant percentage were considering ries in greater depth. to me, when looking at programs, papers, and offering such a service in the future, either with posters at the Medical Library Association a librarian or a non-librarian specialist.5, 6 The Clinical and Translational conference, that the clinical areas were where number of bioinformatics data resources has Research Institutes librarians were having an impact. Very little grown far beyond the publically available NCBI At many universities and medical cen- mention was made of that whole other set of databases to include a number of commercial ters, the building of clinical and translational library users making up a large percentage of subscription-based bioinformatics products research institutes funded by the National the people working in academic medical cen- for statistical analysis or data mining as well Institutes of Health Clinical and Transla- ters: the basic biomedical scientists, the PhD as other open source software. Interestingly, tional Science Award (CTSA) program has researchers, faculty, postdoctoral fellows, grad- the same survey showed that only about 12% been another occasion of renewed interest uate students, and research assistants working of AAHSL libraries in 2010 were coordinating in researchers by health sciences librarians. in laboratories. It wasn’t hard to guess why. institutional licenses for these bioinformatics These new institutes pull researchers from the In large part, these researchers were self-suffi- databases, so the focus for most is primarily on clinical and basic sciences together to foster cient. Their happiness with the library seemed service rather than an expansion of collection interdisciplinary collaboration, more commu- entirely dependent on an extensive journal col- policies to include these new types of resources. nication, and faster translation of knowledge lection. Other than that, they did not feel they from scientific findings to clinical relevance. needed the library. They did their own Med- Scholarly Communication Issues The research emphasis is new for many li- line searches, rarely consulted any reference The past decade or so has seen changes in braries that had recently focused many of their books that they did not own, and passed down the research publishing environment that have new initiatives on supporting clinical care and information seeking and management behavior brought basic researchers and librarians togeth- medical/nursing education. For a while now, along with scientific knowledge and laboratory er, and health sciences libraries and librarians health science librarians have been strategizing skills from professor to student. During the have been in the vanguard of these trends. The among themselves about how to work with past decade, however, several changes in the late 1990s rising cost of scholarly journal sub- these institutes. A new Translational Sciences information environment for basic scientists scriptions, particularly in the sciences, spurred Collaboration Special Interest Group of the have created new opportunities for librarians much discussion of the “scholarly communi- Medical Library Association was formed in to interact with basic scientists, and they have cation crisis” and the sustainability of various 2011 to help foster these discussions, and a become the rediscovered library users for many models for dissemination of scholarly informa- recent short communication in the Journal of health sciences libraries. A 2002 “Information- tion. The open access movement grew from the Medical Library Association detailed many ist Conference” at the National Library of the Budapest initiative in 2001 to the Berlin different library-based support efforts for clin- Medicine discussed expanding the concept of and Bethesda Declarations of 2003 to being a ical and translational research.7 As they work embedded informationists beyond the clinical mainstream part of scholarly publishing today. more closely with clinical researchers, basic setting to the research setting.2 Many of the Almost all major biomedical publishers now science researchers are starting to learn about ideas from that meeting have become trends offer open access journals among their suite library services they did not know existed, like for health sciences libraries in the decade since. of publications and open access options for the professional-level searching librarians can publishing individual articles. Public access provide to support grant proposals. Librarians Bioinformatics to biomedical research has been a major topic are taking opportunities to communicate the In 1997, the 21 original members of the of discussion in the academic and research services they can provide to support research newly formed Molecular Biology and Genomics communities, and several funding bodies now design, bioinformatics education, information Special Interest Group of the Medical Library have access policies for research publication. management, and data management. In fact, Association began to talk about marketing Librarians and researchers have come together this last service, that of helping with scientific librarian services to laboratory-based library in workshops and symposia to discuss these data management, is becoming yet another users. Their focus was on teaching users how issues at their institutions, and the sharing of in- new role for health sciences librarians. The to search the scientific molecular and genetic formation related to these publishing issues has increase in amount of data that researchers in databases from the National Center for Bio- led many researchers to contact their librarians large interdisciplinary groups may generate technology Information (NCBI), a departure as the identified experts on copyright, journal (sometimes called e-science) and new federal from strictly bibliographic databases. The first policies, how to self-archive, and how to access policies requiring data management plans in library-based bioinformatics service teaching funds for author-paid open access publishing. grants have left many scientists seeking help these molecular databases was reported in While this trend does not only involve basic and expertise in subjects that librarians have 3 the literature in 2000. Novelties at the time, biomedical researchers, they are one of the continued on page 35 34 Against the Grain / April 2014
and descriptors. The profiles display research Susan K. Kendall 50th anniversary of the publication of Silent Spring, and I expertise and interest to others outside or inside enjoyed reading the biography, Rachel Carson: Witness for the institution who may want to set up collabo- Nature, by Linda Lear. rations. VIVO is one of these tools, and it was How/where do I see the industry in five years: developed through a grant from the National Health sciences libraries are particularly forward thinking, Institutes of Health. But research profiling/ and I see more and more emphasis on libraries providing networking has been discovered by many non bibliographic types of resources and tools and apps for major commercial vendors, and now several managing information. different tools are available by subscription and more are being developed. So far, they have been most popular in medical schools and biomedical research centers. While librarians are not usually involved in the licensing or collection policies. Should libraries provide Conclusion payment for these tools, they have worked on primarily bibliographic information or should Today librarians are finding many oppor- their implementation to varying degrees with they also provide raw scientific datasets? And tunities for points of contact and engagement others in their institutions. Librarians can licensing is another consideration, particularly with basic biomedical researchers. A recent bring to the table their understanding of the when vendors unused to working with libraries systematic review of the changing roles of workings of bibliographic databases, controlled do not understand library values. How do health sciences librarians found that many vocabularies, and research citation, all of which we encourage licensing that perpetuates the of the new roles I’ve mentioned here are are used by these tools and are important for values of information sharing, public access, described in the literature and in recent job the accuracy of the research profiles. To the and interlibrary loan when a product consists postings.8 A survey of library directors and extent that librarians have been able to be in- of datasets or streaming video? In the case of other librarians in biomedical settings pub- volved, they have found these occasions to be bioinformatics software and data, only a mi- lished at the same time by the same authors opportunities to demonstrate their expertise to nority of health sciences libraries have decided found that many of the roles for librarians faculty and administrators and their commit- to pay for institutional access.5 More libraries that are “trending up,” that is, more likely ment to furthering the research missions of seem to be subscribing to the new protocols to be planned than already in place, relate to their institutions. databases and hybrid reference databases. Oth- support for research.9 Some of these new roles er types of potential library purchases are the do require specialized knowledge and new Collection Management numerous new products to help scientists keep skills, but others use the skills that librarians The trends discussed here involve new roles up with the scientific literature and manage have always had but may only now be appre- for librarians working with basic scientists, the vast number of articles they are reading. ciated by these patrons. There can be some but more traditional collections management Many libraries already provide institutional tension as librarians begin to negotiate with librarians should not be left out. While, in access to reference management software that non-librarians in their institutions as to who the past, the basic biomedical sciences collec- also allows researchers to store and mark up should perform which roles. Some of these tion consisted mainly of journals plus a few their pdfs. They are also starting to provide services might be performed by a librarian at books, new types of products have recently institutional access to new productivity tools one institution but someone with a different become available. In the past decade, labo- and apps that allow researchers to easily access background at a different institution. Health ratory protocols books have gone online to and read favorite journals and other content on sciences library directors are making individ- become protocols databases with new bells their tablets and phones. While some question ual decisions, based on their situations and and whistles. Video protocols databases are whether precious collection dollars should budgets, about which of these services their a recent new invention. The online versions be spent on resources that do not provide libraries will offer, and librarian roles will of reference materials for scientists no longer content, many librarians see providing access look different from place to place. I think look like books but have become continually to and training on these new tools as a way to that librarians do bring a unique perspective updated databases. In response, librarians demonstrate continuing support and value to and skill set to all of these different kinds of find themselves asking questions about their the research scientist community. continued on page 36 Against the Grain / April 2014
36 Against the Grain / April 2014
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Plans are in progress to pilot a patron-driven forth between the main lecture hall and their Where to Start? Opening Day ... system with the hospital libraries to gain access learning communities. This is prime real estate from page 36 to more book content. in the new school building and a gift from the For years, I have dreamt of building an Dean who strongly supports library services. shared interest and when feasible, partnered entirely virtual collection free of a legacy print Through this entire experience of building in resource sharing agreements. Mainly, this collection and the traditional academic ideal a new library, I took advantage of several consisted of aggregated full-text content of what a library ought to be. I have always opportunities that arose. First, I happened to or publisher packages. Last, a Get It Now felt constricted by the maintenance of physical be tapped to help with the student admissions article delivery account was set up to access objects and space, and prefer the fluidity of process. Each month I have the opportunity content not assessable through aggregators or electronic information and being able to move to meet candidates on interview day, to intro- the Open Access repositories. As of January about my community to provide information duce myself and talk about the new virtual 2014, the library has 69,000 unique titles with services. At our medical school, medical ed- library. It has been a tremendous opportunity an unmediated article demand service. The ucation has been transformed from traditional to discuss my ideas and get feedback from the library’s interlibrary loan system is still under lecture-based learning and students are now candidates besides writing a monthly column development, but DOCLINE service began in part of team-based learning communities. We in the admissions newsletter on the library’s January 2014. I still spend most of my time teach students how to access and sift through progress. I feel that I am creating a connection sorting out configuration issues with the new volumes of biomedical information quickly with the incoming students even before they EZ Proxy software, testing access on multiple using tablets and smart phones. WMed ad- arrive and I know this plays a role in ensur- devices, browsers, and operating systems, and opted the Apple iPad to distribute content for ing the library’s fledging success. My office calling product development teams requesting the new medical curriculum. Everything we do is conveniently located in the Clinics, and I enhancements for mobile applications. has to be accessible and usable from the am often tapped to provide brief updates on The electronic book collection is a iPad. Class textbooks are purchased library development at journal clubs, morning decent size, for a core medical collec- through Inkling.Com, besides in- reports, grand rounds, and noontime meetings. tion, with over 1,500 core medical structors creating their own Apple I contribute content to the School’s social me- titles and access to 14,000 ac- iBooks to replace traditional class dia outlets, internal and external newsletters, ademic titles. I decided early lecture notes. and recently asked to create a learning module on not to install an integrated Many of my colleagues about the library which all employees are library system, as I found the ask if there is a physical space required to complete each year. I am trying Serials Solutions A to Z list for a library at the new school my hand at lecturing at an upcoming grand easily located textbooks by building. The answer is yes, round on research literacy. In a survey taken keyword searching. Since with an adjoining information at our last strategic retreat, development of the all the electronic books purchased are treated common, but no physical space for print ma- medical library ranked at the top. I jump at as titles in a database, it is easy to maintain terial. The library space is fluid in which the every possible opportunity to embed myself holdings within the Serials Solutions system. students pass through as they move back and continued on page 38
Against the Grain / April 2014
Disruptive Technology: Librarians Must Think Heretical Thoughts to Adapt by Michelle A. Kraft (Senior Medical Librarian, Cleveland Clinic Alumni Library)
he sun is setting and it is getting a little further democratized knowledge and infor- What it Means for Libraries difficult to see as darkness falls. Without mation far beyond books, journals, and other and Librarians Teven thinking I walk over and flip a light printed material. Tutorials, speeches, images, We as librarians need to re-think the way switch and I am able to see everything to contin- animation, etc. are all available online. Profes- we have been providing resources and services. ue working. Light has become so commonplace sionals were no longer necessary for publishing Our patrons are more mobile and connected. I don’t even realize how much we rely upon it un- and mass distributing information; the average Simply having a Web presence is not enough. til it is gone. Power outage, camping, or a quick person could publish and distribute anything We need to look at how our patrons access and late-night trip to the bathroom, make me realize online for the masses. The personal computer use information and we need to provide it in how this common item has become integral to provided the ability to access information on a those ways. Five years ago, electronic books our society. Yet this wasn’t always the case. much wider scale than the printing press but it and electronic journals were easily accessible Before the common light bulb, people were only was not mobile. While the laptop provided a bit to people via their desktop or laptop computers. able to see in the dark using candles, lanterns, and of mobility, people didn’t have it constantly on Now, the preferred methods of access have gas lamps. None of those items produced much and next to them as they moved about the day. changed. People want to download electronic light nor were they easy to turn on with the flick The smart phone and the tablet changed that. books to their mobile devices and they want of a switch. The light bulb made it possible for Our library patrons not only have the ability to highlight and take notes in those electronic people to work after sunset, travel a little safer in to access information on the Internet but now books. Apple Insider reports a survey by Black the dark, and it eventually led to the invention of truly they can, and do, do it any time and any Book, that fifty-one percent of “office-based the electric power plant. Disruptive technologies place. The smart phone has changed the way physicians said they use a mobile device to change the very way society functions, altering people communicate, eat, work, play, and find perform independent medical reference and the way people do things, their perceptions, and information. Text and data usage continue to Internet research.”2 In a ComputerWorld arti- expectations. The light bulb was a disruptive grow while talk minutes continue to shrink.1 cle on the iPad Mini, one doctor describes his technology. It has changed society’s perceptions People now comparison shop for items on their iPad as “full of medical apps for ultrasound so drastically that light at night is considered a phones while they stand in the aisles of stores. regional anesthesia, anesthesiology textbooks, common expectation. Maps and printed directions are replaced by and medical calculators.”3 Boruff and Storie Just like the printing press allowed books to smart phones, speaking directions to drivers. surveyed medical trainees, graduate students, be mass produced and allowed for scientists to Since most people carry their smart phone with and faculty members on the use of smartphones easily share their knowledge through scholarly them at all times, the ability to get information and tablets to answer clinical questions and journals, the Internet and personal computers is easy and always possible. continued on page 39 38 Against the Grain / April 2014
Against the Grain / April 2014
You Gotta Go to School for That? — The National Media Market: Screening Films on a Real/Reel Screen Column Editor: Jared Alexander Seay (Reference Librarian and Head, Media Collections, Addlestone Library, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424)
ust prior to being swept into the glory that publishers to engage and exchange do distributors and buyers of media even need is the Charleston Conference this year, I ideas on a level playing field in a to gather in one physical Jattended the National Media Market in stimulating atmosphere, so the location to view Charleston, South Carolina on November 3 - 7. National Media Market does for and buy media? The NMM actually overlapped the Charleston librarians and other media buyers Why indeed? Conference by a few days, thus further compli- and vendors in the film production This National cating my decision about which conference’s and distribution industry. This Media Market interesting and gala events to attend. year Schwarz coordinated with executive experience showed me how misguided my The National Media Market is in its 35th director Katina Strauch of the Charleston thinking was. year of bringing together educational film Conference to bring the NMM to Charleston Unlike a traditional conference one would producers and distributors to connect with just ahead of the Charleston Conference. find in a conference center, theNational Media librarians and media professionals. Other It is nice to attend a conference and be Market is held in an all-suite hotel. This al- technology-related companies attend as well, pleasantly blown away by concepts and ideas. lows each exhibitor a space to set up individual, including media management and captioning The Charleston Conference never disappoints semi-private areas that allow preview stations and description services. This is not a film in this regard. However, the NMM was all the for on-demand screening of their titles. More festival. As Ursula Schwarz, executive of the more amazing to me because I went to this importantly, these suites allow spaces for the National Media Market says, “This is a film conference as a bit of a cynic about the whole exhibitors to personally engage librarians and screening and buying event.” As the Charles- idea of what (I thought) the Market was about. other current and potential users of their ser- ton Conference brings together librarians and Why, in this era of online Amazon ordering, continued on page 41
40 Against the Grain / April 2014
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Science Lives Here American Society of Agronomy Crop Science S il SOCIETY OF AMERICA Science dl.sciencesocieties.org Society of America
Finally leaving the nests, I ended up in a billed as a place for the participating exhibitors You Gotta Go to School for That? session: “Video at Risk: Strategies for Pre- to highlight their stuff. Each exhibitor gets from page 40 serving Commercial Video Collections in Re- seven minutes to showcase their services and search Libraries.” Well presented by Howard newest releases. Though some of the exhibitors vices. Thus it was that, after I passed through Besser of New York University and Walter did provide a speaker to talk up and explain the registration table at the Embassy Suites Forsberg of New York University Libraries, their (usually new online) services, most of the Hotel, I looked up into the lobby atrium to see the presenters discussed their NYU studies that seven minutes per exhibitor were dedicated to the numerous exhibitors nestled in their suites show — as all media librarians already know trailers. With 55 exhibitors represented, this in the balconies above. Each exhibitor really anecdotally — how a significant number of session lasted more than six hours, not includ- did have their own nest up there. their libraries video collection contains VHS ing time for breaks and lunch. I hear you say These exhibitor “nests” are the heart of titles, and most of these are out of print. They incredulously, “trailers?” You bet. this conference experience. For the four-day outlined how they went about getting the Now, admittedly I am a sucker for watching duration of the conference each exhibitor (there hard data for their findings. But, what to do? trailers. In fact, I consider the 20 minutes of are always a maximum of 55 of them) occupied So, they unleashed the practical gold. They trailers shown in most movie theaters prior suites on two floors overlooking the atrium. At have published (and made available online) to the main feature as an essential part of the any time the suites are being visited by “buy- guidelines for dealing with Section 108 of experience. I was enthralled. These were ers” — media librarians and representatives U.S. copyright law. Somebody hold me back, documentary films for the most part, and nearly from educational institutions — to view videos, please. How long have we needed that? every single one was powerful and emotional. talk pricing, learn about services, and gener- Specifically, they deal with the library ex- Maybe you can chalk it up to watching on the ally get to know each other. “Networking” is emptions in Section 108 that allow a library to big screen with surround sound, but I was fix- such an overused term. But, in this relaxing, make a copy of a work. Issues the guidelines ated and without a dry eye most of the time. As intimate, and focused atmosphere, the one-on- address include when a title is considered I sat there being drenched in these emotionally one personal interaction really does the word “damaged,” when a format is really “obso- powerful films, I wondered if I would have had practical justice. lete,” what constitutes “replacement, and “can the same emotional reaction or attachment, or As a film buff, going from suite to suite was replacement copies be circulated.” They also even interest, if I had been watching at work like being in a candy store (especially when address (that media librarian sticky wicket) from my desktop. I was after all just watching their suites were well baited with real candy). what qualifies as “reasonable effort.” There trailers. The answer is probably not. I talked to several exhibiters who supply my are eight specific guidelines including best Let me be clear. While I am a raging, library with media. It was refreshing to see and practices. You can access the guidelines online sentimental romantic at heart, I am all about sit down with these people. Say what you will by searching “Video at Risk NYU.” But, please practical application and doing “what works” about the power of online networking, but hu- finish reading this article first. and certainly what is logistically easier. I man contact is the true sustaining inspiration. It The crowning jewel of the NMM is certain- rarely “screen” titles prior to purchasing for the was powerful to finally meet in person those to ly Market Mania. As most experiences go, library anyway. But, I have the ability to do whom I had talked on the phone or exchanged this one really has to be experienced. But, I so from my desktop if I want. So, why would emails with for months. shall attempt an explanation. Market Mania is continued on page 43 Against the Grain / April 2014
course, noacademicexpects(or should authors’ worksimprovesroyalties.Of additional Internet exposureof any empirical evidence,thatshowsany is congress,reallyhitshome. old joke about the opposite of progress When Congresstouchescopyright,the yes, theyhavemadeitworseeachtime. a half-dozen times in my lifetime. And, copyright, something it has doneabout toreexamine provokeCongress this will I bet erything is,isthewayIreaditnow(and fair useisnowanyone’s guess.Ev- intellectual property. Determining what of insixtyseconds—theystill protect there are thousandsofthingsIcanthink bad about ourcopyrightlaws —and not. Ofallthethingsthat can besaid good thing. But no, are doubtlessthinkingthatwouldbea will be a real challenge. Manyofyou To sayanythingisNOT fairuse now the matterisnothingshortofvertiginous. side-down, andthishasn’t helped. Now on itshead.Copyrightisalreadyup- for anumberofreasons. “Google Book Theft” —givesmepause a publisherfriendofmine likes tocall The it. I knowI’minthe minority when Isay were inalatherofjoyaboutit. Even librarians(http://bit.ly/1c4Dppn) of thehundredsgleefulcomments. here (http://reut.rs/1eUUdQK ) are afew qYAlk st/1lBfzLP), here(http://nyti.ms/1d- has it.Forexample, here(http://wapo. atwitter. It“exploded”asthephrase twitterverse, as it is apt to do,wentall and ingloriousentirety. confusing ) inits copyright.gov/title17/ and can be viewed here (http://www. 107 oftheU.S.CopyrightLaw1976 otherwise. Fairuseappears in Section for anypermission,written,verbal, or mous amountofmaterialwithoutasking successfully toclaimfairuseofanenor a commercial enterprise has beenable terials, this is the first such case in which of whatlibraries are able to dowithma- While “fair use” has long been a staple all permission.)books without those Second, thereisnoevidence, First, itturnscopyrightandfairuse Almost. Notthis librarian, although When the decision came down, the Google does, too). Furthermore, ), Google Book Decision—what here (http://bit.ly/1eyCwtC) and Martha, it would Edgar — can be named —Bloom, Those thatcanbe presses. ademic writing forac any “real”money expect) tomake - -
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PUB306 Against the Grain Half.indd 1 14-03-24 7:31 AM periencing a film in its natural environment on Op Ed — Little Red Herrings You Gotta Go to School for That? the big screen with a big audience. from page 42 from page 41 Of course we often have to make buying deci- sions based solely on reviews or the few minutes for Google. For intellectual property, not so I want to spend the time and money to travel we can give to online trailers. So, yes, one can much. For small- to medium-sized publishers, somewhere just to “screen” films when I can get an idea of the worth or appropriateness of a again, not at all. For discovery of materials, do it from the comfort of my office computer film title by a quick desktop trailer. We have yes and no. Yes, because they can be found; screen? This experience at the National Media to do that most of the time. But, I posit that we no, because they are likely to be lifted, for free, Market answered that question for me. media librarians (dare I say “film” librarians?) or you’ll get a snooty email asking why you’re I suppose I’m making a case for the film cannot fully grasp the medium we cherish, a stinking, dirty, money-grubbing capitalist. “experience.” I’m trying to say that viewing promote, and nourish without being regularly (And for your information, all those billionaires a few seconds of a film from one’s desktop is washed in the real/reel thing upon occasion. Just in Silicon Valley are not capitalists; they just not really “screening” a film. The fact is that as one cannot live on fast food alone, one should got rich quick, that’s all!) randomly reviewing films from my desktop spend at least one week a year savoring a full cannot hold a candle to sitting in a screening film meal at theNational Media Market. Next In a sense, we all work for Google now, free room with an audience and getting the full film year it is in Charleston again just ahead of the of charge. I suppose that fits since we all now experience. There really is a big difference Charleston Conference. Certainly, this is yet, attend the “University of Google,” right? between watching a film, even a trailer, and ex- another reason to come to Charleston early.
Rumors The 2014 Charleston Conference pro- providing analysis and recommendations gram is shaping up! We can let everybody in for high-level executives regarding mar- from page 22 on a few things. kets, trends, benchmarks and best practices. First, the fantastic Anthea C. Stratigos Anthea is Outsell’s primary spokesperson, Speaking of the Charleston Conference, the will be our main keynote speaker. We men- and chairs Outsell’s Leadership Council, a Call for Preconferences at the 2014 Charles- tioned Outsell’s End-User Study of Fac- member-service for CEOs and senior execu- ton Conference is out. And the Call for Papers ulty and Students above in this issue. Ms. tives of publishing and information-provider opens tomorrow! Get on the stick! Time’s a Stratigos is co-founder and CEO of Outsell, firms. Ms. Stratigos holds a B.S. degree in wastin’! http://www.katina.info/conference/ Inc. (founded in 1994), a leading research Communication from Stanford University call-2014-preconferences-now-open/ and http:// and advisory firm that focuses exclusively (1983) and graduated from the Executive www.katina.info/participate/call-for-papers/ on the information and publishing industries, continued on page 47
Against the Grain / April 2014
Stielow, Frederick. Reinventing the Library for Online Education. novel A Visit from the Goon Squad or Mark Chicago: ALA Editions, 2014. 978-0-8389-1208-9. 378 pages. $75.00. Danielewski’s House of Leaves, but the pages are filled with kickers, text boxes, and bullets. Reviewed by Debbie Vaughn (College of Charleston)
From the Reference Desk by Tom Gilson (Associate Editor, Against the Grain, and Head of Reference Emeritus, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29401)
Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography (2014, 9781933782669 Volume 4 (2014, 9781614729006, $175, pre-publication price) set for $595) is a three-volume set structured using a chronological approach release later this year that will bring coverage to the present. as it offers one hundred thirty-five biographies of influential figures in While this is a biographical reference, the focus is on more than Chinese history. The set is edited by Kerry Brown of the China Stud- biography. The goal of the set is not only to provide facts about the ies Centre at the University of Sydney and draws on the knowledge lives of leading figures. The attempt here is to use these biographies and expertise of an international list of more than to provide readers an understandable context from which to view the one hundred contributors. Coverage spans the whole of Chinese history. time periods from the early Xia Dy- The entries are substantial and range from shorter sketches of 1,000 nasty (2100 BCE) through the Tang words to full-blown essays that come in at close to 8,000 words. Cover- (618-907 CE); the Song Dynasty age includes both well- and lesser-known figures and features scientists (960-1279) through the Ming and inventors, philosophers and religious figures, dynastic rulers, states- (1368-1644); and the Qing Dy- men and military leaders, as well as poets, authors, artists, and scholars. nasty (1644-1912) up to People’s As one might expect, the vast majority are men but some prominent Republic and the modern opening women are covered. Each entry has a similar structure that provides of China in 1979. There is also a continued on page 45 44 Against the Grain / April 2014
46 Against the Grain / April 2014
lim theologians” and “explores the Oxford Reference Library. traditions, ceremonies, and beliefs • The Oxford Encyclopedia of Bibli- of Islam as they have spread world- cal Interpretation (1 ed.) Want List Matching wide, and examines Muhammad’s You can find more information along with Give us a list of titles, and we’ll role in other religious traditions as relevant links at: http://www.oxfordreference. save you time by tracking down well as the secular world.” com/page/new/whats-new. the books for you. Replacement projects Books you can’t find from writing as adjunct professor at New York another vendor Rumors University’s Arthur L. Carter Journalism from page 43 Institute, and writes his The Gleaming Collection analysis Retort on the PLoS Blogs Network. John reports or bibliographies Marketing Program at Harvard University served as editor in chief of Scientific American (1992). Read all about her in Forbes, Busi- between 1994 and 2009. Based in New York, nessWeek, etc. he continues to work as a science writer and http://www.forbes.com/profile/anthea-strati- editor, and as an adjunct instructor in New gos/ York University’s Science, Health and En- vironmental Reporting Program. http://www.businessweek.com/sto- ries/2005-05-04/work-family-and-the-holis- http://blogs.plos.org/retort/about/ tic-way http://www.weather.com/tv/tvshows/hack- ing-the-planet/cast We will also have a keynote from John Rennie. John received a Bachelor of Science We will have another debate this year in Biology from Yale University and worked between Rick Anderson (University of Utah) as a science writer and researcher at Harvard and David Magier (Princeton). This year’s Alibris.com/library • 1-877-ALIBRIS Medical School. He currently teaches science continued on page 62 [email protected] Introducing Communication Source™ Communication Source is the premier information source for scholars studying mass media, communications theory, linguistics, organizational communication, phonetics and speech pathology.
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www.ebscohost.com/ebooks ATG Interviews Neil Blair Christensen Digital Business Development Director, University of California Press by Tom Gilson (Associate Editor, Against the Grain)
ATG: Neil, can you give us a little infor- ATG: What do you mean by a digital “do mation about your background? no evil” ethos? Why is that important to you? NBC: I’m Danish-Jamaican, born in a NBC: I mean publishing that supports small isolated Greenlandic settlement. We later rather than exploits the academy. It is import- moved to Denmark and I did my MA in Arctic ant because advancing the academy is core to studies with a focus on online anthropology. our mission. My work over the past 13 years includes roles ATG: This is a new position for UC Press. in Europe, Asia, and the USA with Munks- What do you see as your first priority(ies) or gaard, Blackwell, Nature Publishing Group, objective(s) in this new role? and Wiley. During this period, I worked in a range of areas, from digital business devel- NBC: First priorities are to listen, digest, opment, partnerships, health sciences, and and ask questions of the team internally and journals to workflow solutions our strong external network of partners, in- cluding authors and librarians. My colleagues ATG: What caused you to change your have done amazing work in setting a strategic career path from anthropology and Arctic direction, and much of my initial work now studies to publishing? is to tease out, test, and build digital product NBC: Back in the day, there was little concepts that speak to the strategy. funding available for my proposed research around community, transparency, knowledge ATG: Can you tell us what that “strategic in networked education in the arctic. Once in curation, and crediting. As part of the Uni- publishing I was hooked. direction” is? Broadly speaking, what type versity of California, we belong to one of the digital products fit that strategy? ATG: What attracted you to join Univer- greatest knowledge networks in the world and NBC: Very broadly speaking, products sity of California Press as Digital Business are located in a region with unrivalled digital that build and leverage our UC network, are Development Director? expertise. If there were ever a time and a extensible, and generate new revenues. NBC: Mission, meaning, and great ideas. place to join a university press with a knowl- In my mind, UC Press is extraordinarily well edge-based and non-profit digital mission, this ATG: In a world where exclusive reliance positioned to craft a digital “do-no-evil” ethos would be it. So here I am. on print is shifting, particularly in scholarly markets, how do you think UC Press can bal- ance the needs of print publishing alongside the development of digital products? NBC: Requirements are as complex as against thepeople grain profile ever and require parallel business models that can change with technology adoption and publishing business models. We are Director, Digital Business Development addressing some of the complexities through University of California Press an on-going strategic review of our product 155 Grand Avenue, Suite 400, Oakland, CA 94612-3758 mix, and building efficiency in our traditional Phone: (510) 883-8301 •
50 Against the Grain / April 2014
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ATG: Knowledge Unlatched is not your FP: The main Board has the legal respon- first pioneering effort. Early in your career sibilities of running the Community Interest you founded Pinter Publishers, believed to be Company. A C.I.C. is a form similar to a 501c3. the first British publishing company owned by It was introduced just under ten years ago into a woman. Can you tell us about that? Your the British legal system as a way of encour- career has been marked by a number of other aging social entrepreneurship. The board publishing achievements. Of which are you began with no librarians or publishers. Instead most proud? the board was made up of people with legal, FP: Founding Pinter Publishers at the financial, and marketing skills. RecentlyTom age of 23 was an accident. I was an American Cochrane, once a librarian but recently former living in London, finishing off a PhD and Vice Chancellor at QUT, was invited to sit on wondering what to do with my life. I knew I the board in recognition of the early support wanted to stay in London but was also aware from Australia (and because he’s a great thinker that I was unlikely to get a work permit. At on OA issues). The Advisory Board is made the same time I ran into the young Mahmood up of experts and influencers representing the Mamdani (now an eminent professor at Co- stakeholders in this area. lumbia) and encouraged him to write a book 2010 Charleston Conference contribute to ATG: So far 13 publishers are partici- on his experiences of being a Ugandan Asian that evolution? pating and there are 28 new books that are thrown out of his home country by the dictator FP: It’s hard to believe that it was such a part of the collection. What were your most Idi Amin. I had the crazy idea that if I set up a long time ago that I first came to Charleston. effective arguments in convincing publishers publishing company I’d get a work permit and The idea was, as you say, described as a “Glob- to take part? What type of resistance did you at the same time help Mahmood by publishing al Library Consortium.” I didn’t even have a encounter? What are publishers’ biggest his book. Everything then fell into place. name for it back then. Meeting librarians in concerns about Knowledge Unlatched? In the middle of my publishing career I the lovely setting of Charleston gave me an FP: The most effective argument to partici- was given the opportunity to work for George opportunity to understand their concerns. At pate is that sales of monographs are dwindling. Soros. My brief was to do whatever it took to that point PDA was considered by some to be Yet, the academic community does not want help develop the new independent publishing the solution to library budget problems. I un- to see this long-form publication die. Neither sector in the 30 countries of the former com- derstood then that the cost of supporting open publishers nor librarians could square this munist block shortly after the fall of the Berlin access would have to be justifiable in terms of circle alone. So something needed to be done Wall. We focused on the higher education price and not just because it was a good thing that made better use of the funds available requirements and in those heady days of the to do. The questions asked at that plenary and the OA route actually squeezes out costs nineties helped transform availability of good session helped me shape this initiative to sit and reduces risks associated with this kind of books. I’m very proud of having played a role alongside others. I really believe that there is publishing. in that transformative period. no one solution to getting to OA. There will be many routes to OA operating alongside one Resistance came in two forms: ideological ATG: Knowledge Unlatched has been another. KU is one route; single institutional and practical. The first line of argument was described as a “Global Library Consortium” support for authors will be another. Funds that books are not made for free so why should model for supporting Open Access books. out of research budgets similar to APCs (call they be free? This was easy to deal with be- What does that mean? When asked by them Book Processing Charges – BPCs) will cause no one is suggesting that the publisher’s librarians and publishers unfamiliar with be another. input should not be recompensed. It’s just that the project, how do you explain Knowledge payment is made in a different way. Unlatched? But the vision came earlier in 2006 when I met Larry Lessig and thought there must be a The second argument was around work- FP: It took a long time to come up with way of utilising Creative Commons’ licenses flows. How disruptive would KU be? Well, a succinct answer to this question. It’s best in a way that enables open to sit alongside the devil is in the detail and we tried to design described in our recently produced animated other formats. workflows that bolt on to what exists and not infographic http://www.knowledgeunlatched. make too many demands on publishers (or org/ku-in-60-seconds/. We describe it as a ATG: How did you get your start-up fund- ing? Do you have any sponsors or investors? indeed librarians). A few new steps have had cost-sharing model. By covering the upfront to be introduced but it is incumbent on us to fixed costs that are incurred in getting a raw FP: The first supporters were three Aus- show that the benefits outweigh the effort to manuscript to first digital copies, libraries are tralian universities, Queensland University make a few adaptations to processes. working with publishers to enable books to of Technology, University of Melbourne, go open access in a sustainable manner. The and the University of Western Australia. I Publishers were mostly worried about OA funding comes from the acquisitions budgets received a grant from the Open Society Foun- versions “cannibalising” their sales. This fear but when stretched the budgets go further be- dation, who has been very active in the Open is diminishing slowly as evidence is beginning cause of the lower costs per book per library. Access movement. A further grant was kindly to show that great books sell better and lousy ATG: We understand that you first un- provided by the British Library Trust. Office books sell less well. People still want print and veiled your vision for the “Global Library space was made available free of charge at the other digital versions. Consortium” approach at the Charleston Big Innovation Centre in London. ATG: What criteria did you use when se- Conference in 2010. What factors contrib- ATG: We notice on your Website that you lecting publishers for inclusion in KU? What uted to you forming that vision? How did list a Board and an Advisory Board. How standards for scholarship and overall quality the vision evolve and become Knowledge are they different? What are their individual did they have to meet? Unlatched? Did anything gleaned from the roles? Do they interact in any way? continued on page 53 52 Against the Grain / April 2014
Against the Grain / April 2014
International Dateline — A Good Bookman by Rita Ricketts (Blackwell’s Historian and Bodleian Visiting Scholar, Author Adventurers All, Tales of Blackwellians, of Books, Bookmen and Reading and Writing Folk’)
“The librarian’s, I should say, is the happiest lot, though some may think it lacks the ex- Blackwell’s donation of £5m, the largest single citement, which risk and enterprise provide. If he is a College or University Librarian, he is cash donation ever made to a university library perhaps happiest of all, should the bent of his mind be studious.” — Basil Blackwell in the UK, which has been central in helping Richard to put his plan into action. Julian had been in on the scheme from the start, con- he good bookman, Sir Basil, wrote this remembers the fable of the Emperor’s clothes, spiring with Richard and Reg Carr and then in 1945, so we have to forgive his gender is wary of false prophets, is quick to detect Sarah Thomas in the bar of a local hostelry. Tspecificity. He believes in the spiritual insincerity in an author and to reject one whose The Hall cements the bond between the library value of books. He believes with Wordsworth motive is unworthy. One who recommends and its world famous bookish neighbour whose that books “are a substantial world both pure convincingly a good book, and knows when he current president, Julian Blackwell, is the great and good; Round these, with tendrils strong as or she has found one and then commends it to grandson of Benjamin Harris Blackwell, who flesh and blood, Our pastime and our happiness the next generation … telling the good news of came to Oxford in the 1830s to save souls from will grow”; with Carlyle that “In books lies the the discovery. Richard Ovenden has spent his the demon drink and to nourish them with books. souls of the whole past time the articulate and life doing just that. He became the first librarian of Oxford’s newly audible voice of the Past”; and with Milton But Richard has done much more besides. founded City Library in 1854. The son of a that “A good book is the precious life-blood of Like the Bodleian’s founder, Sir Thomas Bod- jobbing tailor from London’s East End, he was a master-spirit, embalmed and treasured up on ley, he is engaged in library building.1 Working an autodidact worthy of that honorable tradition. purpose to a life beyond life.” For Sir Basil, in the second row to support his predecessors He lies in a shady grave aside the old church publisher, bookseller, and would-be author, it Reg Carr and then Sarah Thomas, he has or- of St. Cross, in Oxford, now itself a library. If was “the reader who really counted.” He quotes chestrated the reconstruction of Gilbert Scott’s tombstones had ears, he would be enlivened by Emerson, who once said, “Tis the good reader so-called “New” Bodleian; to be renamed the the news of Richard’s appointment. that makes the good book.” Who, then, was Weston Library. Its entrance, to be named the More fortunate that the self-educated Ben- the good reader, Sir Basil asked himself? One Blackwell Hall in honour of Julian Blackwell’s jamin Harris and his son Benjamin Henry, who reads with zest and intelligence, enjoying gift, will be open to all and will, appropriately, who founded the world famous Broad Street by understanding, who attends to the views of provide the setting for future exhibitions and Shop, Richard won a scholarship to Sir Roger critics but judges for him- or herself. One who events that celebrate the book. It was Julian continued on page 55 54 Against the Grain / April 2014
Against the Grain / April 2014
Section Editors: Bruce Strauch (The Citadel)
he general topic for my contribution to $3 to $5 higher than Amazon’s $9.99 retail publishers shared their progress with one the “Long Arm of the Law” program at price). In order to make this pricing point work another. (The court’s written opinion includes Tthe 2013 Charleston Conference was economically, Amazon had to be pushed to a chart of telephone calls between the CEOs of the continuation of two ongoing epic sagas in raise its own prices. the publishing houses.) the world of digital books: the Apple eBooks The motivator for this change was a price The court concluded that the conspiracy price-fixing conspiracy and the Google Books parity provision in the agency agreements significantly harmed consumers. Since copyright litigation. Charleston Conference called a Most-Favored-Nation clause (“MFN”). “the laws of supply and demand were not attendees will perhaps remember my earlier The provision not only protected Apple by suspended for eBooks,” when the publishers accounts of episodes in these sagas: “Of Books guaranteeing it could match the lowest retail increased the prices of their eBooks, they sold and Competition” in 2010; “Apples and Books price listed on any competitor’s eBookstore, fewer books. Opinion at 97. Thus, consumers or A Gaggle of Googles” in 2011; and “iPad but also imposed a severe financial penalty suffered in a variety of ways from this scheme Thai” in 2012. Since the 2012 Charleston upon the publishers if they did not force Ama- to eliminate retail price competition and to Conference much has happened in the Apple zon and other retailers to change their business raise eBook prices: some consumers had to and Google cases. Let’s start with the trial and models and cede control over eBook pricing to pay more for eBooks; others bought a cheaper judgment in United States v. Apple. the publishers. eBook rather than the one they preferred to U.S. v. Apple, Inc. When the government sued, the publishers purchase; and still others deferred a purchase As you may recall, in April 2012, the United settled out, but Apple chose to go to trial. altogether rather than pay the higher price. States Department of Justice filed a civil suit After a three-week trial in June of this year, Id. at 98. against Apple and five of the six largest U.S. U.S. District Judge Denise Cote — hearing Analyzing the trial record, Judge Cote publishers alleging violations of the Sherman the case as the fact-finder when the parties found that there was “compelling evidence” Antitrust Act arising from an alleged conspir- waived a jury — ruled that Apple had in fact that Apple “conspire[d] with the Publisher De- acy to fix the price of eBooks. On the same conspired to restrain trade in violation of Sec- fendants to eliminate retail price competition day, the DOJ announced an already-negotiat- tion 1 of the Sherman Act and relevant state and to raise eBook prices” and “overwhelming ed settlement of the case against Hachette, statutes. United States v. Apple, Inc., Case evidence that the Publisher Defendants joined HarperCollins, and Simon & Schuster. Not 1:12-cv-02826-DLC, Dkt No. 326 (S.D.N.Y.), with each other in a horizontal price-fixing long thereafter, the attorneys general of 33 Opinion, filed July 10, 2013). (Note that, since conspiracy.” Opinion at 113. Apple was “a states filed their own cas- this was a civil case, rather than a criminal knowing and active member of that conspiracy es against the defendants, case, the correct terminology is that … not only willingly join[ing] the conspiracy, which were joined with Apple was “found liable,” not but also forcefully facilitat[ing] it.” Id. the DOJ’s suit for pretrial “convicted.”) In short, “[t]he totality of the evidence leads proceedings. The court found that the inextricably to the finding thatApple chose to How did this happen? publishers and Apple had join forces with the Publisher Defendants to It all started with the ex- “agreed to work together to raise eBook prices and equipped them with the plosive success of Am- eliminate retail price com- means to do so.” Opinion. at 134-35. Judge azon’s Kindle eReader. petition in the eBook market Cote even quoted Apple founder Steve Jobs’ As more and more publish- and raise the price of eBooks own words against his company, pointing out ers started offering eBooks in above $9.99.” Opinion at 11. that, on the day of the launch of the iPad, Jobs 2009, Amazon sought to dominate the According to the court, Apple was told a reporter that “Amazon’s $9.99 price business with a low-price marketing strategy: the lynchpin in the conspiracy between and for [a book newly offered on iPad for $14.99] Amazon would retail all eBook bestsellers at among Apple and the publishers: “It provided would be irrelevant because soon all prices will $9.99 for use on its Kindle eReader (even if the the Publisher Defendants with the vision, the ‘be the same.’” Id. at 149.2 print version sold for a lot more). Publishers format, the timetable, and the coordination that The court subsequently had proceedings to were not happy about this pricing point, and they needed to raise eBook prices.” Id. determine what remedy to impose on Apple. neither was Apple which had plans to include Judge Cote found that the MFN clause On September 5, 2013, Judge Cote entered a an eReader program on its iPad (scheduled to “eliminated any risk that Apple would Final Judgment and injunction against Apple. be introduced in 2010) but needed prices to ever have to compete on price when selling The court’s order requires Apple to modify be higher than $9.99 in order to make a profit. eBooks, while as a practical matter forcing the its existing agreements with the five major The publishers and Apple began meeting in Publishers to adopt the agency model across publishers with which it conspired — Hachette December 2009, and by January 2010 Apple the board.” Opinion at 48. The MFN clause Book Group (USA), HarperCollins Publish- had executed individual “agency agreements” “literally stiffened the spines of the Publisher ers L.L.C., Holtzbrinck Publishers LLC, with each of the publishers under which Apple Defendants to ensure that they would demand which does business as Macmillan, Penguin would act as an “agent” in selling eBooks at a new terms from Amazon.” Id. at 56. And Group (USA) Inc., and Simon & Schuster retail price set by the publishers (which were during their negotiations with Amazon, the continued on page 57
56 Against the Grain / April 2014
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Legally Speaking In October, Judge Cote appointed Michael sumers or libraries. For consumers, the prices from page 56 Bromwich as the external monitor of Apple. of bestsellers in eBook format appear to have The 60-year-old Bromwich is an experienced stabilized at levels lower than those prevailing Inc. — to allow retail price competition and criminal prosecutor and investigator, sort of a during the time of the conspiracy, but are about to eliminate the most favored nation pricing “go to” guy for difficult, high-profile assign- 15-20% higher than Amazon’s $9.99 price clauses that led to higher eBook prices. Apple ments. He helped investigate the bombing of point in 2009. For example, John Grisham’s is also prohibited from serving as a conduit Pan Am Flight 103, probed the FBI’s conduct Sycamore Row sells for $11.99, regardless of of information among the publishers or from in the Aldrich Ames spy case, and took over whether you order it as a NOOK Book, Kindle retaliating against publishers for refusing to the regulation of offshore drilling after the BP edition, or from the Apple iBookstore.3 And sell eBooks on agency terms. Apple is further - Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Earlier in his there are potential damage claims to be paid by prohibited from entering into agreements with career, he worked on the prosecution of Col. Apple and the publishers: the five publishers eBooks publishers that are likely to increase the Oliver North. To counterbalance Bromwich’s have already settled the states’ claims against prices at which Apple’s competitor retailers lack of experience in antitrust matters, he will them for $166 Million in damages. (Their set- may sell that content. be assisted by Bernard Nigro, the chair of tlement with the DOJ involved only injunctive Importantly, Judge Cote also granted the the antitrust department at the NY law firm, relief.) Judge Cote has scheduled a trial of government’s request to appoint an external Fried Frank. Apple for May 2014 to determine the damages “monitor” to ensure that Apple’s internal Apple, Inc. continues to maintain its that it will have to pay the states and private antitrust compliance policies will be sufficient innocence and has recently filed an appeal plaintiffs as a result of its eBook price-fixing. to catch future anticompetitive activities before of Judge Cote’s orders to the U.S. Court of The amount of overcharges — which would be they result in harm to consumers. The monitor Appeals for the Second Circuit in New York trebled under the antitrust laws — could total — whose salary and expenses will be paid by City. The appeal will probably take a year or hundreds of millions of dollars in damages. Apple — will work with an internal “antitrust more to work its way through the system, but For libraries, the question of whether the compliance officer” who will be hired by and it is not likely that the district court’s order will Apple case has been or will be of any benefit report exclusively to the outside directors be overturned. The liability finding is based on is more complex. As some of the programs comprising Apple’s audit committee. (The well-recognized principles of horizontal con- offered at the 2013 Charleston Conference Department of Justice had initially requested spiracy theory and reasonably grounded in the illustrated, publishers have made life difficult that the monitor have broad powers to block evidence, and the remedy order seems carefully for libraries that wish to make eBooks available any agreements the company might make to and narrowly drawn to address Apple’s specific to patrons or researchers. Some publishers sell any digital content — not just eBooks, type of misconduct, without over-reaching refuse to publish a lendable eBook version but also music, movies, and television shows into other areas of Apple’s business (as the of their titles, and those that do offer a lend- — that might, in the monitor’s view, be likely government had wanted). able one impose high license fees (you can’t to increase consumer prices; however, Judge A more interesting question is whether “buy” the book) and also various restrictions Cote granted power only over eBooks to the the enforcement action against Apple and the on circulation. If you buy Sycamore Row for monitor.) publishers will meaningfully benefit either con- continued on page 58 Against the Grain / April 2014
58 Against the Grain / April 2014
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lem. Gregor Mendel and his peas (genetics), research, a goal easier to formulate than reach. Random Ramblings August Kekulé and his dream of snakes The cover article of a recent issue of The Econ- from page 60 (benzene rings), and Darwin and the theory omist (October 19-25, 2013), “How Science of evolution all came about from one person’s Goes Wrong,” partially blamed the scholarly disease a few years ago may now be ineffective brilliant insight. I don’t know if many current communication system for the poor quality of against newly-evolved “superbugs.” Another discoveries are made in the same way in areas scientific findings. According to the article, difficulty in this area is the ethical imperative other than mathematics, where I’ve read that the prestigious publications seek to publish not to harm human research subjects. My brilliance rather than systematic research is “headline” science rather than good science biostatistician friend explained how hard it is needed to solve well-known problems. Per- and thus encourage researchers to test novel to compensate for all the possible variables to haps future discoveries are even possible from hypotheses. The article goes on to say that come up with valid results. examining why certain medical conditions replications of important findings are rarely My third area for research is what I call are rarer in some places, as was the case in funded and that articles with negative results natural laws where the same experiment should discovering the link between fluoride and are rarely published though these article would come up with the same results. I’d extend this tooth decay from the lack of cavities in some be more useful in advancing science. area to engineering principles where the prob- Texans. The more common case is those areas As I conclude this short column, I wonder ability of an event happening is similar if the where research is needed to test a multitude of why questions such as whether more research exact physical conditions apply such as stress possible hypotheses. In medicine, researchers is good don’t get asked. The obvious answer tests for bridges and other structures. In these would need to test multiple drugs and multiple is that to do so might call into question the areas, an exception to a generally accepted rule procedures to discover which ones are most entire system of research funding and scholarly indicates that the rule needs to be rewritten to successful in achieving the desired results. communication that supports researchers, uni- take into account the exception. In this area, More research is most likely good in that it versities, publishers, vendors, and ultimately replication should apply if conditions are the eliminates the negatives and allows researchers libraries. A person might suffer damage to same. The assumption is that high energy parti- to move forward with positive results. her career if the answer were not a call for cles should act the same whether the test occurs The final issue is the effect of the scholarly increased research funding. Several commen- at CERN or the Budker Institute of Nuclear communication system on research. If more tators to The Economist article worried that Physics. Unless the research methodology is good research is needed, does a vast quantity questioning the accuracy of scientific research flawed or the results are misinterpreted, the of poor or mediocre research hinder good re- would “fuel the very problematic anti-science findings remain valid and searchers by forcing them movement.” Perhaps like so many aspects of won’t change because of to wade through less the modern world, tweaking the current system changing conditions. than stellar papers? is more acceptable and productive than ques- Whether more re- The issue is then how tioning its fundamentals. On the other hand, search is good or not to foster good re- perhaps much is to be gained by asking such may also depend upon search and reduce basic questions. the nature of the prob- poor or mediocre
Against the Grain / April 2014
Introduction These plans also have different challenges. The University Libraries’ collections total Can you have too many demand-driven The primary issues faced by ODU have been approximately 3.2 million items, including acquisitions (DDA) programs? Is one DDA training staff, avoiding duplication, creating over 1 million monographic volumes, over program enough? In the Commonwealth of end-user awareness, and developing efficient 20,000 journals and other serial publications, Virginia, we’re not sure how to answer the workflows. VIVA’s primary issues have been over 2 million microform units, and over first question. However, our answer to the communicating the plan effectively across 68,000 maps, computer data files, audiovi- second question is an unequivocal NO! Well, the consortium and bringing publishers into sual, audio, film, and cartographic materials. the plan. that is at least true if you examine the expe- DDA at ODU rience of Old Dominion University (ODU) Some issues do affect both the individual and the Virtual Library of Virginia (VIVA), library and the consortium, however. For Like many other college and university the Commonwealth’s consortium of nonprofit both programs, record loading and record libraries, ODU’s University Libraries have academic libraries. management are complex and challenging been coping with material budget issues over the last few years. In response to these chal- In the last 18 months, both organizations issues. Also, since both programs are pilots, creating and applying effective assessment lenges and in order to expand the universe of have implemented DDA pilots, and ODU available titles and provide immediate access participated in both of them. Because the same tools to determine future viability and funding will be critical. to materials, the University Libraries allocated vendor was used for each pilot, it’s not surpris- funds to begin a DDA program in 2012. DDA ing that the plans have similar characteristics. Old Dominion University DDA would also serve the University’s extensive Both plans only include eBooks, and their basic Distance Education Program. acquisitions models match. They have similar Background browsing periods, and both allow unlimited Located in Norfolk, VA, Old Dominion In August 2012, the University Libraries simultaneous users, although the overall num- University was founded in 1930 and currently selected EBL as its vendor and implement- ber of uses is limited for purchased titles. The serves just under 20,000 undergraduate and just ed a DDA eBook pilot program. New titles programs differ in a number of ways, however, over 5,000 graduate students. ODU offers 70 were based on the Library’s YBP existing including the number of allowable Short Term bachelor’s degrees, 54 master’s degrees, 42 monographic approval plan, and the plan Loans (STLs) before purchase, the kind and doctoral degrees, and 2 educational specialist only included titles published since 2010. All number of books available for use, and the degrees. More than 70 degree programs are subjects were represented, although textbooks maximum list price for titles (Figure 1). available through Distance Learning. and popular titles were excluded, and the maximum prices were set at $300 per title and $30 per STL with staff mediating requests that exceeded the maximum limits. Standard parameters for STLs, purchase triggers, loan periods, numbers of users, and course reserves were established. Three STLs were allowed, and on the fourth use of a title, the book was purchased. ODU opted for the seven-day STL, and, following the EBL model, once purchased, a title had 325 available loan days per year. Initially, 19,500 EBL titles were loaded into the libraries’ Sierra Integrated Library System (ILS), and duplicates were removed as they were discovered. Figure 1: Basic Comparison – ODU and VIVA DDA Plans continued on page 63
Rumors And there are several more speakers so be Charleston Seminar Luncheon and program sure and look at the Charleston Conference from noon to 3:30 organized by Michael Ar- from page 47 Website for updates. thur, Meg White, Rebecca Seger, Jonathan www.katina.info/conference Harwell, and others. More information will debate proposition will be — “Wherever pos- be posted on the Charleston Conference sible, library collections should be shaped by We will have a change of pace for the Website. www.katina.info/conference patrons, instead of by librarians.” Saturday Rump Session. There will be a continued on page 86 62 Against the Grain / April 2014
The DDA program has proven to be well- used by faculty and students, and by the end of FY13 (June 2013), almost the entire allocation of funds for the program had been expended. Con- sequently, additional funds were allocated to the program for FY14. From July 2012 to December 2013, over 1,850 STLs and almost 50 purchases had been made (Figure 2), and additional usage was represented by browses (Figure 3). VIVA DDA Background The Virtual Library of Virginia, or VIVA, is the consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia. Members include all 39 of Virginia’s state-as- Figure 2: ODU STLs and Auto-Purchases sisted colleges and universities as well as 33 private, nonprofit institutions and the Library of Virginia. DDA within VIVA In the 2012/13 biennium, VIVA received new state funding for eBooks in the sciences, technology, engineering, medicine, and health (STEM-H) disciplines. One approach taken by the consortium was to pilot a DDA plan with EBL for the 2013-2014 academic year. As all of the products VIVA acquires are provided to the public institutions, ODU was included in this pilot. Twelve of the 33 private member institutions also decided to participate. VIVA began its pilot with an initial load of 2,200 titles with new titles added into the plan each week. Publishers in the plan include John Wiley & Sons, Oxford University Press, Jossey-Bass, McGraw-Hill UK, and Sage. Publishers are often hesitant to participate in consortial DDA plans, wary of the possibility Figure 3: ODU Browse Data that they could cannibalize their own sales. The pilot approach was therefore key for VIVA not only because it kept the risk low for its members but also because it kept it low for the participating publishers. Unlike ODU, VIVA’s plan was restricted to the STEM-H subjects. Because of the mul- tiplier effect on purchases, the list price was set lower, at $250, and only books from 2012 forward were included. Purchased books are shared in perpetuity among the participating members with 278 seven-day loan periods per year, refreshed annually. The STL trig- ger to purchase was initially set for 10, but it was raised to 25 in October 2013 in order to maximize access to the STEM-H eBooks while keeping total costs within budget for the academic year. Usage has followed the typical semester pattern (Figure 4), and many titles have been used across multiple participating institutions (Figure 5). Figure 4: VIVA Usage When the Consortial becomes Local One of the key challenges for member OCLC staff to implement a record manage- Although this service has effectively out- libraries with the VIVA plan has been record ment system for the plan through the WorldCat sourced much of the record management for loading and management. The consortium knowledge base (WCKB). This service allows the plan from the consortium’s central office, does not have a shared catalog, and there is member libraries to receive MARC records member libraries still have the challenge of a wide variety of library systems among the and updates that are customized with local managing the records in their catalogs and members. In order to provide a central record preferences or provide direct access through discovery services. For ODU (and many source, VIVA collaborated with EBL and WorldCat Local. continued on page 64
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Optimizing Library Services — Access to Service Keeps the Academic Library Community Busy These Days by Janice M. Krueger, Ed.D. (Associate Professor, Department of Library Science, Clarion University of Pennsylvania)
ver since the Internet inspired the creation faster for patron use. Gradually, though, the in special collections were developed and of Web-based, accessible materials, catalog was considered an inaccurate repre- electronic resource management systems were Emany libraries have developed a Web sentation of a library’s possessions due to the introduced to assist librarians with managing presence so their service populations can ac- influx of journals that resided in aggregator the numerous licensing agreements and sub- cess information and various library materials. databases that became part of the initial online scription information that accompanied each New, emerging technologies continually create products for libraries courtesy of the Internet. journal, database, or online resource. Despite more effective ways for managing, searching, Also, many librarians were hesitant to use the these terrific advances, new challenges arise retrieving, storing, and preserving information, 856 field in the MARC catalog record because on a regular basis. data, records, and important documents. the links would often break as publishers per- So what activities are keeping the academic While keeping abreast of new technologies fected their online platforms. Many concluded library community busy these days? poses challenges, academic libraries, in partic- that the legacy system catalog would become ular, consider this as an opportunity to improve extinct in a Web-based environment. Issues and Challenges access to new expressions of content for their The academic library community was un- I recently edited a book for IGI Global that users. In many ways, improving access is syn- derstandably excited when Serials Solutions focuses on the answer to this very question. onymous with improving services and a look at offered a way to produce an A-Z list of journal Cases on Electronic Records and Resource past endeavors along with current happenings holdings residing in online databases, the Management Implementation in Diverse gives direction for the future. OpenURL ushered in SFX (and subsequent Environments is a collection of examples of In the early years, the library catalog was variations) for linking between databases, and electronic records and resource management the focus of attention. Academic libraries vendor records and durable links could be add- implementation in various settings. Section created and built legacy systems in an effort ed to the library catalog with less concern as to 1 of the title contains a number of chapters to automate the catalog and various technical their accuracy. Proprietary integrated library discussing the ongoing issues in academic services functions. The catalog offered patrons systems offered more seamless ways to handle library communities that impact the level of quicker access to the library’s holdings and, the daily activities for acquisitions, serials, and access, and ultimately service, that the library theoretically, technical services librarians and cataloging. Additional products for federated can offer its patrons. staff were able to deliver materials to the stacks searching and digitizing items typically held continued on page 65 64 Against the Grain / April 2014
— that is, the move to Resource Description er collection of the Mountain West Digital Optimizing Library Services and Access (RDA). As catalogers begin to Library. Also noteworthy are the efforts of from page 64 use the new standards and as vendors produce the National Taiwan University Library in records according to RDA, records created building an accessible database for the digital In many respects the challenges are either according to both sets of standards will exist photographs and videos documenting the cul- the same or similar as librarians and staff are together, producing obvious inconsistencies tures of the indigenous Taiwan people. dealing with new or open technologies to pro- for users. Open source initiatives for library opera- cess information for catalogs, to build digital tions are now considered by some to be a viable repositories for research and special collec- Digital Repositories and option to the proprietary library systems and tions, to manage licenses and subscriptions, Open Source Initiatives associated products that have emerged over the and to enhance search functions across all con- Digital repositories remain a priority. past five to ten years. Open source Electronic tent, whether owned, licensed, or Web-based. Faculty or student research continues to be pre- Resource Management Systems (ERMS) have What is noticeably different is the increase in served and shared through institutional reposi- been implemented by some academic librarians the amounts and types of content being offered tories. While levels of access for nonaffiliated and, as with any computer application and through improved levels of access. users may vary, many open access initiatives program, advantages and disadvantages are The ease and accuracy of batch loading have gained momentum and academic libraries evident. One definite advantage for both the vendor records for electronic collections play key roles in their development as well as library and the user is that subscription infor- into the catalog remains a concern and can those initiatives having more complex issues. mation can be made available in the OPAC so vary in work load according to the specific The University of North Texas Libraries’ the library patron can easily see what content proprietary or open source integrated library work with electronic theses and dissertations in is or is not accessible, especially with regard system in use. In some instances an additional music serves as a good example. Since doctor- to journal literature. program, MarcEdit, can be used to address al work in music often requires accompanying inconsistencies or lack of information in the files for performance and recitals, appropriately New Models record. In other situations, the OPAC display cataloging, linking, and preserving streaming All of the above are good and relevant ex- of the record requires alterations to make it audio files for theUniversity of North Texas amples of how academic libraries are serving more user friendly with regard to description, community are a concern, especially since old- their respective user groups by improving location, and links. Differences in electronic er formats, such as cassette tapes and compact upon available technologies to create con- format type, such as those between journals, discs are no longer the norm. The digitization tent and make it more accessible. There is books, streaming music, and streaming video of special collections in academic libraries movement, however, towards new models of also call for specific solutions. creates public access to additional, unique, and library solutions that can reduce the silos of Overall, policy decisions, at the local, con- valuable information and content. A notewor- information that are produced by integrated sortia, or both levels, are necessary to stipulate thy example is the Topaz Japanese-American library systems, content management systems an acceptable length of time to edit the record Relocation Center Digital Collection at Utah for digital objects, federated search products, before making it public and accessible. On the State University’s Merrill-Cazier Library. and other programs that have been designed horizon and underway are issues associated Originally undertaken to support a freshman to work in conjunction with library systems. with the recent change in cataloging standards orientation course, it remains as part of a larg- continued on page 66 Against the Grain / April 2014
66 Against the Grain / April 2014
he use of media in the classroom is ubiq- private education. Brewster and Stephenson which their Welsh host comments “that is im- uitous. Visual theses are on the rise. do not shy away from depicting the markedly possible.” Watching the rest of the seemingly TAcademic interest in and classroom high emotional and economic toll involved in un-recyclable items making their way down use of documentary film and global cinemas such a pursuit, with many scenes intimately the conveyer belt to the landfill pile, Nabil is growing at an exponential rate. Resultantly, underscoring the numerous hurdles each family counters — “here there is technology, but the importance of a rich and varied media faces. And, given their incredible access, the no precision.” We’re left to surmise that the resources collection is essential to academic audience follows it all, going where Idris and folks in Wales should be visiting the Zaballen institutions, public libraries, and K-12 media Seun go — into their classrooms, their homes, instead. This film successfully underscores the centers. It takes a lot of work, development, and their lives. What results is a vivid and un- importance of learning globally in conjunction and research to maintain and grow a collection flinching examination of two young men’s very with thinking globally. like this. Resources that aid in this process personal journeys and their push to achieve to This documentary would find resonance in are invaluable… the absolute best of their abilities. these subject areas: Environmental studies, In writing this column for a little over a This documentary would find resonance in Middle Eastern studies, Social Issues, Sustain- year, I’ve touched on many elements of col- these subject areas: African American studies, ability, and Urban studies. lection development for Media from pedagogy Education, Social Issues, and Urban studies. Distributed by: Cinema Guild to copyright to nuts and bolts information on Distributed by: Ro*Co Films Educational Further viewing: Waste Land, Garbage streaming media, distribution, and professional Further viewing: Brooklyn Castle, Wait- Warrior, Recycled Life. development organizations. Looking back, I ing for Superman, The Big School Lottery. was struck by the lack of discussion on the films themselves, which is undoubtedly one of the reasons I most enjoy working with a The Harvest /La Cosecha (2011) Media collection. So, I will be presenting Garbage Dreams (2009) Director U. Robert Romano a multi-edition article, offering a few short Director Mai Iskander U. Robert Romano’s compelling vérité lists of Documentaries to note, some of which It is almost inconceivable that Cairo, the film follows three juvenile migrant workers as resonate in our collection here at the UNC or largest city in the Middle East, with a popula- they labor with their parents in fields through- have spurred considerable conversations at tion of 18 million people has had no citywide out the United States, with their earnings screenings I have attended. I am not sure that waste disposal system for centuries. Instead, contributing sizably to their family’s survival. I could arrange these in some sort of “top 10” they have relied on one group of people to Over the course of a year, we witness Zulema, order, as each offers something unique and collect, sort, recycle, re-use and dispose of the Perla, and Victor chasing the harvest through memorable. So, here in alphabetical order, are city’s garbage, the Zabaleen. Averaging 80% the seasons and across the U.S., missing school, the first of the lot: recycling rates, they are extremely effective their homes, their friends, and ultimately their in their work (in comparison, most European childhood. American Promise (2013) companies barely achieve 20% recycling Victor is an engaging 16-year-old who Directors Joe Brewster and rates). Unfortunately, the city is beginning to must decide daily between school and work. Michèle Stephenson hire private companies from Spain and Italy to Extremely devoted to his family, he does not This very unique, relentlessly persistent officially manage the trash and the Zaballeen hesitate to choose work. As Victor protectively and unabashedly intimate observational doc- must fight for their livelihood. Director Mai walks his little sisters to the school bus one umentary focuses on the lives of two African Iskander’s steadily observes this dilemma and morning, he rationalizes aloud that the girls will American boys, Idris and his best friend Seun, what members of the Zaballeen community do be well fed and cared for while he labors in the as they grow up in New York City. Filmmakers to face it over the course of four years, focusing elements, hauling 1,500 lbs of tomatoes to earn Michèle Stephenson and her husband Joe on three teenage Zaballeen boys — Adham, $60 for his family. Twelve-year-old Zulema Brewster (Idris’ parents) doggedly follow Nabil, and Osama, and one resident social wonders if she will ever make it to high school. their son and his friend for thirteen years worker, Laila. Through a series of achingly A third generation migrant worker, Zulema through the highs and lows of childhood and earnest interviews, with many filmed by the began picking strawberries and other crops adolescence; from their first days excitedly boys themselves, deeply moving personal when she was only 7 years old, stating, “The toddling off to kindergarten up through touring narratives emerge and reveal a communal plants when I was 10, looked like skyscrap- potential colleges and graduating high school. coming of age story that proves to be the heart ers…” Perla Sanchez’s biggest hope is to As the film progresses, we see both children of the film. finish school, go to college, and then graduate enroll in a highly esteemed Manhattan Upper Adham and Nabil are invited to visit Wales school to become a lawyer. But her dreams East Side private school — the Dalton School. to see how other countries collect trash and are fading with each school she leaves behind Eventually, though, circumstances lead Idris, recycle. Excited by the prospect of traveling as she is forced to continually join her family Seun, and their families down very different abroad, their youth and the naiveté of their on the road as they travel from farm to farm (and at times, heartbreaking) paths. world experience are starkly contrasted with looking for work. The earnest reflections from This film is complex, layered and immense- their advanced vocational acumen. Their these children and their parents will take root, ly intense, rather effectively accomplishing pragmatic world view on the art of recycling making you look at the farms, fields, and pro- what it sets out to do: bringing to glaring light and reuse is poignantly pronounced as Adham duce you see daily with different perspective. the complications of minority students seeking is perceptively astonished by the amount of This documentary would find resonance in trash not be- these subject areas: Agricultural labor, Child ing recycled Labor, Economic conditions, Environmental at the plant studies, Human Rights, and Social Conditions. in Wales, as- serting that Distributed by: Cinema Libre “every piece Further viewing: Harvest of Shame, should be Elisha and the Cacao, Journey of the Roses. recycled” to continued on page 68
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68 Against the Grain / April 2014
Column Editor: Jack G. Montgomery (Professor, Coordinator, Collection Services, Western Kentucky University Libraries)
Column Editor’s Note: Several years ago, as our musical group West” and films like the Japanese animation classic “Howl’s Moving Watersprite began playing at an outdoor festival near Nashville, Ten- Castle,” as well as movies like “Hellboy,” “Brazil,” and “The League of nessee, I could not help noticing several people in rather unique cos- Extraordinary Gentlemen,” to name a few. All of these expressions elab- tumes wandering in the crowd. During our break, I approached them orate the dark, often anachronistic, claustrophobic, yet romantic vision of to find that they belonged to a subculture called “Steampunk,” which Steampunk. In my travels, I located a local individual who is currently one member of the group called “a serious lifestyle choice.” Being active in the Steampunk movement and known to be an authority. Even fascinated with subcultures and alternative lifestyles since the 1970s, I more special is the fact that she is professionally associated with our local explored the Steampunk phenomenon and discovered that this movement public library. These are her recommended sites and annotations. started as a genre of speculative science fiction that takes its inspiration from the outdated 19th-century steam powered machinery, as well as General Steampunk Information Sites Edwardian and Victorian culture, and turned it into a literary vision of www.steampunkbible.com — An online outgrowth of a print book of a post-apocalyptic world, where steam and the complex machinery it the same name, The Steampunk Bible attempts to index Websites, artists, powered have returned to prominence in an alternate version of history. authors, and makers who are significant to the Steampunk community. It is also a social reaction to modern mass production, anti-individualism www.steampunk.com — A blog chronicling all things Steampunk. This that seeks to return to handcrafted, individually reengineered products blog covers Steampunk in popular culture and media, such as television that feature exposed gear work and attention to elaborate styling. — JM shows and fiction, a resources Website list, guests, jewelry, every aspect of Steampunk. his vision has inspired an entire movement in aesthetics, art, music, Steampunk Clothing fashion, literature, cultural events, and movies that reflect an encom- passing lifestyle which has spawned its own community. Though www.clockworkcouture.com — This is a retail clothing site with T reasonable prices. Steampunk as a term did not emerge into mainstream culture until the 1980s, some of its thematic roots go back to the 1920s with movies like www.steampunkemporium.com — Another clothing site providing more Fritz Lang’s silent sci-fi masterpiece, “Metropolis,” and even to various traditional period piece clothing for everyone, especially accessories for 19th-century novels by Jules Verne and H.G. Wells. Other visual media both men and women, and it also has a sales page. expressions include 1960s television’s pseudo-western, “The Wild, Wild continued on page 71
Against the Grain / April 2014
Column Editor’s Note: Thank you to all of the Charleston Confer- of the best, but pretty much everything else except perhaps the very worst ence attendees who agreed to write short reports that highlight sessions publications. they attended at the 2013 conference. All attempts were made to provide So, what happens to academic library collecting when scholarly com- a broad coverage of sessions, and notes are included in the reports to munication begins to spread itself all over the place on platforms and in reflect known changes in the session titles or presenters, highlighting formats not easily gathered up as before? There are so many new avenues those that were not printed in the conference’s final program (though of dissemination — such as Flickr, Hulu, and arXiv.org (among others). some may have been reflected in the online program). Please visit This is a whole world not yet captured by academic libraries. On top of the Conference Website, http://www.katina.info/conference, for the this, over 40% of all new books today are self-published. Therefore, vast online conference schedule from which there are links to many pre- quantities of possibly relevant materials are not being vetted by research sentations’ PowerPoint slides and handouts, plenary session videos, libraries that probably need review, and may deserve acquisition and and conference reports by the 2013 Charleston Conference blogger, preservation. Donald T. Hawkins. Visit the conference blog at: http://www.katina. Sandler made a creative analogy which was one of his best take-aways. info/conference/charleston-conference-blog/. The 2013 Charleston Academic libraries’ efforts to review, select, and promote scholarly content Conference Proceedings will be published in partnership with Purdue have, in the past, been like a mainstream grocery store inventory, which University Press in 2014. — RKK depends on national brands and low margins. These stores buy brands from outside suppliers that help convey value to the store. One might shop at Kroger and select brands such as Campbell’s, Del Monte, etc. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 2013 (like libraries buying materials from ProQuest, Elsevier, Oxford, etc.) PRECONFERENCE In the Whole Foods model, which includes specialty brands and high margins, the store brand conveys its own value. (Some traditional stores are copying this model as well.) In this model, the enterprise controls the SelfPub 2.0 — Presented by Mitchell Davis, Moderator process from the means of production through the distribution. Should (BiblioLabs); Eleanor Cook (East Carolina University); Bill academic libraries control the product from its inception? Can academic Gladstone (Waterside Productions); Deb Hoadley (MA eBook libraries bring order to chaos and help democratize scholarship? If not, Project); Robert P. Holley (Wayne State University School of we may see a continued co-dependence of big libraries, big research, and Library & Information Science); William Kane (Wake For- big publishers. est University); Leslie Lees (ebrary); Michael Levine-Clark The second session was a panel with each presenter discussing libraries (University of Denver); Bob Nardini (Ingram Library Services); as publisher. Several projects were described. John Sherer from the Matt Nauman (YBP Library Services); Cyril Oberlander University of North Carolina Press discussed a civil rights movement (SUNY College at Geneseo); Joyce Skokut (Ingram Library project which is Mellon grant-funded. They are collaborating with several UNC library departments on this. They view future monograph publishing Services); John Shearer (UNC Press); Charles Watkinson in a completely new model. Many of their publications are open access (Purdue University Press) now and will be more so in the future. The “information scarcity” model is no longer viable. Reported by: Eleanor I. Cook (Assistant Director for Charles Watkinson from the Purdue University Press described their Discovery & Technology Services, Joyner Library, East two-pronged approach to the support of scholarly publishing. The press is Carolina University, Greenville, NC)
However, with no publisher contract to deal with, the author makes all the And They Were There money and can retain all the rights. from page 70 Skocut then went on to discuss librarians’ concerns about discovering these hidden gems. Vendors should work with their customers to determine to assist with this. They appear to have a robust support mechanism with criteria and expectations for both library collection development goals and the development of a “Library Publishing Toolkit.” end-reader interests. One concern is that a title might be discovered too The next panel was moderated by Bob Nardini from Coutts and late, but as one public library director was quoted, “If the work is good, focused on vendor services to self-publishing. Michael Levine-Clark it’s never too late to promote it.” In order to develop regional and subject (University of Denver) began the session by asking, “How radically will profiles, better metadata needs to be collected earlier. She also mentioned the scholarly book publishing landscape change in the next five years?” As a product called IngramSpark that her company was making available to it is now, librarians rely on others in the publishing and distribution sector independent publishers and self-publishing authors. While academic librar- to assist them with vetting content. The peer-review process, publishers, ies are developing self-publishing support programs for scholarly works, approval vendors, and eBook aggregators all have a hand in pre-selection public libraries have been a bit slower to go in this direction. However, of what libraries eventually acquire. The explosion in self-publishing is a good example of a project developed by a public library was described. bound to have some effect on this. Will libraries want to provide access to Williamson County Library in TN published a children’s book that self-published books? This is a trend we simply cannot ignore, but there helps “sell” the library and the proceeds go to the Friends of the Library. are questions. If there are “good” academic books being self-published, Deb Hoadley was the final presenter of this panel. She serves as the then how do we find them? Scholars’ attitudes towards self-published eBook Project Lead for the Massachusetts Library System. She dis- materials may be changing, and if so, how will we change with them? It cussed some of the challenges and opportunities presented when trying seems that niche scholarly areas could benefit from self-publishing oppor- to put together a system-wide eBook collection. A particular challenge tunities. Another question raised is how to deal with established scholarly she mentioned was restrictive licensing that makes it difficult to obtain authors who write off-the-wall books on topics outside their established access to certain kinds of content. areas of expertise. An example: an electrical engineering professor who The next panel was moderated by Mitchell Davis and included also publishes materials on holocaust denial. Bob Holley (Wayne State University), Eleanor Cook (East Carolina Matt Nauman from YBP Library Services presented next. He noted University), and Leslie Lees (ebrary), who discussed “Finding Balance that the heyday of the vanity press, while not totally over, is forever changed in Humanities and Social Sciences Acquisition.” Bob Holley began the by the huge increases in self-publishing opportunities. He observed that session by again reiterating the vast numbers of self-published titles that self-publishing may be more about networking rather than book publishing, are being produced each year. Bob’s remarks focused on academic subject and that we need to monitor this and listen to what our customers want. matter that had niche interest, was highly collectable and important but hard Joyce Skocut from Ingram presented next. She illustrated that to find in mainstream sources. An example he gave was the memoirs of self-publishing is indeed part of a huge iceberg where mainstream pub- Vietnam veterans. He outlined the advantages and disadvantages of going lishers represent only the tip. A number of famous authors started out the self-publishing route for these kinds of scholarly works. He agreed with self-publishing. Many talented writers never can break through that libraries to this point have not been able to easily identify these kinds the rejection piles of the big companies but turn to self-publishing as an of materials for acquisition. Eleanor Cook built her comments on Bob’s alternative. A number of successful self-published authors go on to get and agreed that, generally, academic libraries have ignored self-published recognized by larger publishers once they have established a following. materials except within the purview of special and regional collections. So why do authors opt for self-publishing? Skocut outlined a number Within that area, self-published works are quite common and sought after, of reasons. More control over the finished product, the ability to control since many genealogical materials are published in this fashion and they marketing, direct use of social media, delivery faster to market, and design are a linchpin of regional collections. Another dilemma faced is when control issues all make self-publishing attractive. Of course the flip side identifying faculty authors for local recognition. Many libraries hold such to this is the author has to do all or much of the work, or employ author events and tend to recognize publications that are peer-reviewed and/or services companies to do pieces of it for them, which can be expensive. continued on page 72 Against the Grain / April 2014
72 Against the Grain / April 2014
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as opposed to the conjectured 240 work days it would have taken to do And They Were There a traditional weeding project. While the speakers cited many benefits of from page 72 outsourcing, they also discussed the importance of researching suppliers and mentioned one case in which records received were unsatisfactory and have almost entirely diminished. The challenge is for societies to reconcile had to be re-cataloged. The session clearly highlighted the pros and cons the value afforded by internet technologies with disciplinary customs. of the methods used and the importance of weighing return on investment When questioned by the audience on why societies insist on continuing when making those decisions. the print-production of journals, both Wheatley and Fitzpatrick noted the consistent demand from society members for print and that there are no plans from either organization to scale down this production. Herding E-Cats—Emerging Standards in Electronic Book and Journal Publishing and Management — Presented by Betty Landesman (University of Baltimore) THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 2013 MORNING CONCURRENT SESSIONS 1 Reported by: Debra Hargett (Wingate University)
Against the Grain / April 2014
Fischer indicated that Greensboro makes streaming files available Reported by: Georgia Briscoe (University of Colorado Law showing both paid links and free resources. They have courses offered Library)
74 Against the Grain / April 2014
Transforming a Print Collection — Presented by Fred Rowland (Temple University Libraries); Ben That’s all the reports we have room for in this issue. Watch for Schoolar (Temple University Libraries) more reports from the 2013 Charleston Conference in upcoming is- sues of Against the Grain. Presentation material (PowerPoint slides, Reported by: Derek Marshall (Coordinator of the Veterinary handouts) and taped session links from many of the 2013 sessions are Medicine Library, Mississippi State University) available online. Visit the Conference Website at www.katina.info/
With the planning stages of a new library underway, Temple Uni- versity Libraries took a closer look at their print collection in order to better inform their purchasing decisions of eBooks as well as to
Against the Grain / April 2014
entered the exhibit hall at the most recent product to the purchase of the textbook via In 2012, Bridgeport Education launched ALA Midwinter conference in Philadel- “bundling” of an access card to a textbook. the Thuze imprint to take its catalog of 100+ I phia as I always do: on a mission to identify Textbook publishers also introduced eBooks e-textbooks out to the wider world. According outliers. If you have been reading my column, and even built an online store where all the to Andrew McCann, who leads sales and you know that the outliers I seek are people and major textbook publishers could sell their marketing for the Bridgepoint Education companies in the university library space doing eBooks: CourseSmart (which was recently Products Group, “university libraries and other the unexpected yet, in my opinion, predictive acquired by Ingram’s Vital Source). But the institutions can license the entire library of of the future. These trend setters, if you will, primary response to the various threats posed Thuze e-textbooks for a single low fee, and are often engaged in “line blurring,” or moving by Internet-based insurgents to the textbook either offer textbooks for free in many high- from an expected activity into an unexpected publishers was to increase the pace at which enrollment courses or implement a modest activity. This year I was immediately struck they introduced new editions, thus rendering course fee to recover the cost of the program.” by the increase in companies exhibiting with a the prior edition “useless” or unassignable by The Thuze catalog offers titles for many of decidedly learning-oriented business mission. professors and to increase prices the major introductory courses Among these learning-oriented companies, the more often and at higher percent- across the university, ranging most surprising was an e-textbook publisher ages than in the past. This, of from business to science and the named Thuze. I spent the first nine years of course, created a vicious cycle of arts. Each title is delivered DRM- my career in the textbook publishing business students seeking alternatives, thus free for $35.00 to the student before moving six years ago into smaller com- reducing the number of books and includes a variety of useful panies dedicated to serving the library. Over sold, and publishers responding interactive features like quizzing the past six years I have attended more than with even more frequent revisions that links the reader back to the 20 library-oriented conferences and I have and price increases. The textbook appropriate section for review never seen an exclusively textbook publisher publishers never seriously consid- if they get an incorrect answer. in attendance … until Thuze. I will return to ered innovation in business mod- Thuze has seen adoptions of its Thuze, but I first want to explain why textbook els that would have changed the books at more than 60 universities publishers are struggling and, specifically, why pricing, packaging or distribution strategy of including The College of Charleston, they have historically avoided the library side one student — one book (or one access card); University of Alberta and Ithaca College. of the university with an institutional purchase the only innovations have been in new products Classroom adoption by individual professor is model. that are technology-based and produce “fully important to Thuze, but the real opportunity The textbook publishing industry was built consumable” products that cannot be resold or the team at Thuze sees is in institutional sales, on a deceptively simple business model that re-used by students. The most recent version of including through the university library. unraveled in the digital era: one student — one new technology one sees across all the major Unrestricted access eBooks for scholarly book. Professors make a textbook adoption textbook publishers is adaptive learning with use available through the university library decision and they generally stick with that digital products that “adapt” to the learning are on the increase but DRM remains the decision for many, many years. Acquiring style and needs of the individual student and norm. And, often, when the DRM is removed the professor/customer is time consuming provide professors and administration with it is on the back list of lower-use titles. The and costly, but the pay-off is huge in terms of data for analytics to inform program and course company I founded, Business Expert Press, revenue generation over the subsequent years modification. ButThuze has taken a different focused on delivering unrestricted access the textbook adoption is in place. The textbook approach, tackling business model innovation eBook collections to the university library as is required for the course and the students his- through a wholly new distribution and pricing soon as published, but our books were aimed torically had few, if any, alternatives. That is strategy. at niche, advanced business courses and for the way the business operated for many years Thuze began five plus years back not as reference use by advanced business students until the Internet and the efficient markets and a commercially-oriented enterprise but as an in MBA and executive education programs. alternative textbook fulfillment businesses the internal entity within Bridgeport Education Thuze is offering the same unrestricted access, Internet generated came to the fore. Students that sought to provide high quality e-textbooks DRM-free policies but for titles with much had always been able to sell their textbooks to Bridgeport’s students at Ashford University wider appeal and application in introductory back to the college bookstore, but now they and The University of the Rockies. The courses across the university curriculum. It is could participate in hyper-effective peer-to- aforementioned practices of the major textbook a bold but timely bet and one to watch closely peer reselling networks, rent print and digital publishers, namely too frequent and non- as it will raise the stakes for the large textbook textbooks from companies like Chegg, and substantive revisions and regular and steep publishers should the Thuze model take off find much lower-priced international editions price increases, led Bridgeport to embark on a with university libraries and university faculty online, and students and faculty began to dis- textbook development and publishing program. more generally. cover that the publishers changes from edition Bridgeport hired a team of publishers from the I have written in the past about the need for to edition were generally modest and so older major textbook companies and implemented a eBook publishers to function more like journal editions were effective. book development process based on the same publishers as concerns access and usage rights Textbook publishers responded to the quality practices of companies like Pearson and for journal publishers to function more like Internet and the power of the computer with Education and Cengage. But the focus was eBook publishers as concerns purchase models. relatively few meaningful innovations beyond squarely on producing high quality, no-frills Thuze has “fused” the best of access and usage the learning product itself. Algorithmically e-textbooks with a proven level of interactivity with purchase policies for potentially very high generated homework that was graded by and not speculative and expensive ventures into use content that will lower costs for students software programs for problem-based courses multi-media. And, importantly, the editorial and families and allow the library to be a hub like math and accounting was one powerful team at Bridgeport signed respected authors for course-critical learning content. innovation that propped up the sale of text- willing to write books for a fee rather than a books by tying access to the online homework royalty.
76 Against the Grain / April 2014
he winter of 2014 in the Lowcountry has When Pasternak was awarded the Nobel been a little icy. So on a recent sunny, Prize for Literature in 1958 he was “im- Twarm Sunday afternoon the pull to be mensely thankful, touched, proud, astonished, outside embracing the inviting climate was abashed.” The award came on the heels of the too strong. A walk along upper King Street publication of Doctor Zhivago by the Italian always means a stop at Blue Bicycle Books. publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli. Since the Bookstores and libraries are hard for me to publication had been denied in his homeland resist. While there, my husband discovered a the thought was such a prestigious award paperback version of A Game of Thrones by would bring insult to the government, and he George R. R. Martin, which he decided to was forced to leave Russia or to decline ac- purchase because of the modern hype surround- ceptance. He penned to Khruschev: “Leaving ing this title. When he paid the storekeeper, the Motherland will equal death for me. I am she commented: “Don’t judge a book by its tied to Russia by birth, by life and work.” He movie.” What a fascinating comment. also sent a telegram to the Swedish Academy: In 1965 the British film Doctor Zhivago “Considering the meaning this award has premiered. This epic dramatic/romantic film been given in the society to which I belong, I based on the story line of Boris Pasternak’s must refuse it. Please do not take offense at book by the same title was a must see. The my voluntary rejection.” (Lyrical even in his film was directed byDavid Lean, produced by declination.) To which the Nobel Committee by Mark Y. Herring Carlo Ponti, and filmed mainly on location in replied: “This refusal, of course, in no way Spain since the book had not been published in alters the validity of the award. There remains $25 softcover (6 × 9) 2014 Russia at this time. It would be 1988 only for the Academy, however, to announce Notes, bibliography, index with regret that the presentation of the Prize before the Russians saw the book ISBN 978-0-7864-7356-4 on their shelves. The film and the cannot take place.” novel were sweeping successes in Now to a short story. It is of con- Ebook 978-1-4766-1591-2 the West. Although the film re- stant curiosity to me how I come ceived mixed reviews, the novel to find certain Nobel literature. received numerous literary mer- With Pasternak I would be hard- its. Cue the comment: “Don’t pressed to find an individual who judge a book by its movie.” does not have some knowledge I have seen the film, lost of Doctor Zhivago. But in my myself in the film score, and read little gem of a used book entitled some of the book. One might Great Stories by Nobel Prize venture to say Pasternak used Winners is Il Tratto de Apelle, a short many of his own life’s events to construct this story by him. I read the 23-page story and then epic dramatic romantic tale of his only novel set reread it after researching Pasternak’s life for during the time of the revolution. My choice this column. I am glad, because as I absorbed for discussion of Pasternak’s work, however, his words I believe I could feel his artistic con- is a short story entitled Il Tratto de Apelle that flict, his transition from music to writing, the he composed in 1915 around the time of his impact of a short academic time in the realm of visit to Italy. philosophy, and this new poetic lyric wording First a little bio. Pasternak was born in leaping from his pen as he wrote a short tale Moscow in 1890 of Jewish heritage. The son based on his visit to Italy. I will share two of talented parents, his father was a professor passages. Decide for yourself. at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, “The leaning tower of Pisa had pushed its and Architecture and his mother was a concert way through a chain of medieval fortifications. pianist, he initially felt the pull toward musical The number of people who could see it from composition. A brief time of philosophical the bridge were increasing every minute. The Edited by Rebeca Peacock study in Germany with a side trip to Italy set red glow of the sky, like a poursuivant, crawled and Jill Wurm him on another path — one of writing. He had along the square. The streets were blocked found his muse in poetry. When his collection with tiptilted shadows, some of which were $55 softcover (7 × 10) 2014 My Sister Life was finally published in 1921 still fighting in the narrow alleyways. The 6 photos, bibliographies, index Pasternak had set a new standard for Russian tower of Pisa continued its march, moving ISBN 978-0-7864-7153-9 poetry. But the politics of Russia took a decid- everything down, until at last one insane, Ebook 978-1-4766-1325-3 ed influence on his work andThe Second Birth gigantic shadow covered the sun. The day collection of 1921 received mixed reviews. broke into pieces. And meanwhile the lackey, Acceptable to the Soviet public, unacceptable briefly and confusedly informingHeine of his THIS SPRING, MCFARLAND IS to the anti-communist emigres. recent visit, succeeded several minutes before BRINGING OUT HUNDREDS OF NEW In the end Pasternak was loved by his coun- the final setting of the sun in presenting the trymen for his poetry, respected for his amazing impatient guest with a car [sic-card] bearing a PRINT BOOKS, EBOOKS, E-SINGLES, coagulating yellow stain.” translations of classics including Shakespeare, AND PAPERBACK REISSUES. and swept into a political whirlwind caused by “A seat by the window. A moment later — the overwhelming international popularity of an entirely deserted platform formed a massive Doctor Zhivago. continued on page 78 www.mcfarlandpub.com The Scholarly Publishing Scene — Marks, Kent, and Me Column Editor: Myer Kutz (President, Myer Kutz Associates, Inc.)
hen I started writing books nearly fif- (without the word Standard in the title) by values that engineers could easily call up on the ty years ago, I had an idea about the McGraw-Hill in 1916 and is now in its 11th Texas Instrument pocket calculators that were Wend result of what I was doing. That edition. There have been three editors subse- so popular at the time. In the end, contributors first book was a short monograph,Temperature quent to Marks himself, but his name remains used almost nothing from the old book in my Control, which Wiley published in 1968. I in the handbook’s title. The first of the three new one. Besides, by then it was three decades thought it would remain on library shelves successor editors was Theodore Baumeister, since the last publication of Kent. So Wiley’s for many years. Why not? After all, a decade III, who worked at DuPont. His name was decision made a lot of sense. earlier I’d had a student job in the MIT library, as prominent as Marks’ had been. Eugene Yet Kent’s name has by no means dis- and weren’t the basement stacks full of old Avallone’s name was added to Baumeister’s, appeared. You can still find copies of some books, among other materials? Just to further and Ali M. Sadegh’s was added later (both editions of his handbook (he published several entice me, the reception area at Wiley’s offices mechanical engineering professors at The other books) on Amazon, Ebay, Abebooks, on Third Avenue in Manhattan was wood-pan- City College of the City University of New and Alibris, among other places, mostly for a eled and lined with shelf after shelf of books York, where future editors presumably can be few dollars, although in some cases at collec- whose ranks I yearned to join. (To this point, recruited). tors’ prices. I’m not sure, however, even given no surprise, my dream is reality. According to Actually, Marks started as a competi- considerable time, that you would be able to put WorldCat, for instance, half a dozen research tor to an older Wiley handbook — Kent’s together a collectable set of your own of all the libraries within a short drive from my Upstate Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook, which Kent editions. Of course, numerous state and New York home have a copy.) was first published in 1895. William Kent academic libraries have various editions in their My thinking was reinforced twenty years (1851-1918) was the founder. Handbook di- physical-copy collections. The book has been later, when I edited the first of my twenty or mensions were pocket-sized. Kent’s original digitized, and you can peruse the contents of so engineering handbooks. That was in 1986, title was Mechanical Engineer’s Pocket-Book: some pre-1923 editions. So Kent, in one edi- when Wiley published the first edition of the A reference-book of rules, tables, data, and tion or another, appears destined for perpetual Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook with my formulae, for the use of engineers, mechan- life, albeit in a vegetative state impervious to name on the spine. I had the idea that the hand- ics, and students. At the outset, new editions the ministrations of editors. book would have a long shelf life, and in some came much more rapidly than they do now. In my view research libraries are keeping future edition, would live on long after I was The eighth edition was published in 1910, their physical and digital copies of Kent as gone. Again, why not? The main competitor only fifteen years after the first. Kent’s son, historical artifacts. The situation with Marks (although it focuses on fundamentals, while Robert Thurston Kent, born in 1880, took appears to be far more preferable — although mine focuses more on new practices) was the over at some point in the early 1900s and new I don’t know McGraw-Hill’s plans for it. In ubiquitous Marks’ handbook, which was still editions came more slowly. Trim dimensions any case, Marks appears to be a living organ- going strong three decades after the death of had grown beyond pocket size. Eventually, ism with body parts (chapters) that editors and Lionel Simeon Marks. (Marks was born in others edited the handbook, but as was the case contributors can fix as they see fit. They can Birmingham, England in 1871 and died of a with Marks, Kent’s name remained in the title. keep the handbook roughly the same size or heart attack in Providence, The 12th edition was published in 1950, more they can expand it into a multi-volume work. RI in 1955. According to than a decade after Kent had split into two vol- Whatever the decision, Marks has its place on Wikipedia (Sorry!), he held umes. In the 11th edition, published in 1936, the shelves of research libraries. a mechanical engineering the first volume was called Until recently, I’d thought the same about professorship at Harvard for Design, Shop Practice and my own Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook, over four decades, starting in the second volume Power. which is published in four volumes, to take his early twenties, and also In the next edition, the first into account the growing breadth of the dis- taught at MIT in the early volume title was changed to cipline. The fourth edition is in production, 1900s.) The Marks’ Standard the more professional and ac- with publication due at the end of this year. I Handbook for Mechanical ademic sounding Design and hope to be around for several more editions. Engineers was first published Production. It was edited by I also hope that Wiley will see fit to keep the Colin Carmichael, who also Handbook alive and will keep my name in edited a book on electric motors. The Power the title or at least on the cover or title pages volume was edited by J. Kenneth Salisbury, of future editions that other editors will deal an expert on steam turbines. Like early editions with. But now that research libraries are Booklover of Marks, Kent was bound in faux leather. increasingly buying published materials in from page 77 Someone gave me a copy of one of the volumes digital format, is it safe to assume that future as a going-away gift when I left a drafting job editions of my handbook will reside in those stone, massive rumbling sounds and massive at the Portsmouth Navy Yard and went back to libraries in one form or another? Handbook exhortation from the guard: Pronti! — and MIT for my sophomore year. (I got the job by publishers – commercial houses, pretty much the guard runs alongside in pursuit of his own acing an easy civil service exam.) — rightly in business terms and in the interests exhortations. The columns of the station slip That 12th edition was Kent’s last. The base of shareholders, will focus on whatever deals smoothly away. Lights scurry along, intermin- of Wiley’s engineering handbook program they can make that maximize the bottom line. gling like knitting needles. Gleams of light was tiny (four or five titles in all), particularly Of course, publishers and libraries do have from the reflectors catch the carriage windows, compared with McGraw-Hill’s, and nothing a, should I say, contentious partnership. For caught by the draught, proceed through, be- was done with the program until the late 1970s, example, publishers are making complete yond and across the opposite windows, lie when a former McGraw-Hill executive was archives of scholarly journals available to along the line, trailing, slide on the rails, rise hired to revive it. When I signed on to edit libraries as a benefit to patron researchers. and disappear behind the cart-sheds. Dwarf a mechanical engineers’ handbook, I thought Perhaps handbooks in multiple editions will streets, misshapen and hybrid corners — the that Wiley would keep Kent’s name in the be treated the same way. I can only hope that jaws of the viaduct swallow them with a hollow title, but they had no intention of doing so. I the promise of pride I felt when I first entered roar. The blustering of approaching gardens wanted to make a fresh start as well, and it the book-lined reception area at Wiley so long close to the blind. The restful space of the seemed a no-brainer to jettison much of Kent’s ago, and my hope for longevity of my books, curling carpet of vines. Fields.” pages like, for instance, tables with numerical will not be lost. 78 Against the Grain / April 2014
mong historically black colleges and and the space began to burgeon with the books be too costly to replace. The Head of Reference universities, Tennessee State Uni- by and about African Americans in all genres, desired to have the status quo. He wanted us Aversity holds the distinction of having including children’s books and light fiction. to leave the books where they were, until we several Olympic track gold medalists, like This situation made it increasingly difficult weeded not only the first floor, but also the third Wilma Rudolph and Ralph Boston, and out- to house actual archival materials in the area. floor which held the other half of the collection. standing football players like Ed “Too Tall” Those resources went into rooms that were I would like to say that the meeting ended on Jones, and NFL stars like Joe Gilliam, Jr. and originally meant for quiet study spaces and a congenial note with all hearts in agreement, Richard Dent. We also have famous alumni were sometimes stored on book carts. but that did not happen. like Oprah Winfrey, gospel music legend Dr. The problem reached a turning point one After a week or so of fuming, I latched on Bobby Jones, and actor Moses Gunn, who is day when I was the ranking librarian in the to something the Head of Reference had said one of the founders of the Negro Ensemble building and a student insisted he wanted to in the meeting. He said that library needed to Company as well as scientists like Jesse E. browse the collection and the Special Collec- be weeded and nobody had objected. If I re- Russell and Dr. Levi Watkins, inventor of tion Librarian took the position that Archival moved books from the E and F section, wasn’t the Automatic Implantable Defibrillator (AID). and Special Collections areas did not have re- that weeding? If Special Collections pulled the In 1976 the library made the decision to sources that permitted browsing. Her position books that did not reflect her Collection Policy, create a Special Collections Department that was not stated in the Collection Development wasn’t that weeding? I decided to remove the would house and preserve the accomplishments Policy or posted in anywhere in the Special word “transfer” from my description of the of some of its illustrious graduates, and the Collections area at the time, but her point of project and relabeled it a “weeding project.” publications of its faculty, as well as African view prevailed. The confrontation between the To test the waters, I decided to do what I American history in Nashville Department Head and the student was called “stealth weeding” of the E section. I and Tennessee. The depart- unpleasant and I thought unfair. would wander out and return with my arms ment also keeps records on While it may be true that Ar- full of books, which I would load on a cart. the history of the university, chival and Special Collections I told the Special Collections Librarian I was including yearbooks and areas are not for browsing, going to proceed with the weeding project traditional celebrations, such from the Collection Man- until somebody told me to stop. The Head of as Homecoming. Along the agement point of view, I felt Cataloging said she would process whatever way, the decision was made that the majority of books we brought her. Soon I got emboldened enough to send all books written by on her shelves could not be to take a cart out to the section and started and about African American considered archival material weeding in earnest. Library staff entered and authors to Special Collections. Founded in or rare books. The Head of Special Collections exited the building from our floor and nobody 1912 as Tennessee Agricultural and Indus- subsequently agreed with me on that point and said anything about the carts of Special Col- trial Normal School, the university has some she also felt that she was running out of room lections books, so the project picked up steam genuinely rare titles written by and about Black to house more books. After much back-and- and started going full force. Americans. In the 1970s, the Acquisitions forth between Collection Management, Special Librarian decided that when new African Collections, the Assistant Director for Public We began the “Special Collections Weeding American Studies purchases were made, one Services, and the Library Dean, it was decided Project” by working with the Systems Librari- copy would go to the Circulation or Reference, that the non-Special Collection books would an’s report on the items assigned to the Special and one copy would go to Special Collections. be transferred into Circulation and Reference Collections location. We decided that books The thinking was that if the Circulation copy or other more appropriate areas or withdrawn by and about African Americans in Tennessee, was unavailable, the patron would still have from the collection. The Systems Librarian books by and about famous alumni, books access to a copy of the book. ran a report that showed this might involve written by past and present faculty members As time went on, the publishing of books over 5,000 books. and alumni, and any publication about the uni- by and about African Americans became more Fortunately the Head of Special Collections versity would be remain in Special Collections. abundant, while the number of degree pro- and I were on the same page about transferring In addition, we would also keep autographed grams offered by the university continued to the books, however, when I called a meeting copies of books donated by celebrities and grow. About eight years ago, the book budget to map out a procedure, we discovered to our lecturers who visited the campus. These titles got to the point where it could no longer sup- dismay that our colleagues in Circulation and were the most demanded by patrons who vis- port the purchase of two copies of each title, so Reference did not share our enthusiasm. A siz- ited the department. the one copy that was bought went to Special able portion of the books to be transferred were During the first round of weeding, I went Collections, where it did not circulate. The de- in African American History, which meant that through the list and highlighted duplicates, partment is not open Monday-Friday after 4:45 the E section, which was already tight, would including books that we had both in print and PM and is closed during weekends. This meant have to be shifted. Of course, we could not just electronic format and children’s books. Most that the researchers in African American Histo- shift the Es, because the Ds and Fs would have of the biographies of famous African Ameri- ry and Africana Studies had very limited access to be shifted as well. The Circulation Super- cans like Harriet Tubman, W.E.B. DuBois, to the materials. The former department head visor argued that there wasn’t enough room to and Martin Luther King, Jr., were in the Spe- for Africana Studies use to complain about this shift and accommodate the transfer of books cial Collections Department, so I flagged some to anyone who could hear him, whenever he from Special Collections. This was not quite of them for Circulation. Literary criticisms got the chance. Moreover, in 1997 the Special accurate, because I had weeded the A-D, four on authors like Toni Morrison, Alice Walk- Collections Librarian decided to let the Head of or five years ago, so Circulation, which is not er, and James Baldwin, which were never Cataloging determine what would be sent to the understaffed, just needed to shift backwards. meant to go to Special Collections, were made department. Cataloging sent most of the books She also thought that if we took the books out available for the students to check out. When about African Americans to Special Collections of Circulation, they might get lost or stolen and continued on page 80 Against the Grain / April 2014
80 Against the Grain / April 2014
for ensuring broad access. Never before have we been required to grasp so many di- mensions of research in order to make wise decisions. In a networked world, local col- lections as ends in themselves make learning fragmentary and incomplete. (ARL, 2012). Your library collection is much more than the electronic resources you purchase. As a librarian, you also take great care to highlight other import- ant resources. You do this by carefully creating LibGuides and other Web pages, teaching infor- mation literacy classes, performing as liaisons to the researchers, conferring at the reference desk, and other ways of interacting with students and faculty. In ARL’s 2013 report “Transforming Liaison Roles in Research Libraries,” they argue that changing technologies, more digital informa- tion in more formats, changing research methods, and new practices of how scholars communicate and disseminate their creative work, demand that librarians’ roles in collection development and in other areas need to evolve, too. To be conversant in the disciplines that are important to your institution and the research they are conducting, you need to know what the world is consuming in those disciplines. Which journals are your faculty publishing in? Should they be considering Open Access journals more now than they have in the past? Why? Is your institution developing data hosting and archiving for your researchers? Are there Institutional Repositories that contain articles your faculty has published? using altmetrics, librarians have another is also very new. This represents a huge What presentations have your faculty given that positive way of helping the researchers on opportunity for librarians. By bringing are grabbing attention around the globe? What their faculty. Librarians can provide author altmetrics into their libraries and institu- research is your faculty paying attention to? As profiles and reports of how their research tions, librarians can play a larger role in the you can see, there are a myriad of questions that artifacts are utilized in many areas research process. Altmetrics can you can answer that help inform your collection such as downloads, bookmarks, help librarians make important decisions that could improve the resources you tweets, blogs, and citations. collection decisions regarding provide to your library constituents. This service has the potential which electronic resources Expanding Role for Librarians to elevate librarians and their to purchase and which other role in the minds of the faculty. resources to highlight. Li- Librarianship does not start and end with pro- In turn, librarians can assist brarians can use altmetrics viding good collections, pointing individuals to the the faculty in understanding some of the best to assist faculty in understanding the schol- correct resources, and answering questions. Li- places to publish and promote their work. arly communication landscape, promoting brarians have the opportunity to participate in their faculty research and highlighting emerging institution’s research process in a valuable way. It has long been the role of librarians to assist in determining research impact. Over scholarly fields while providing leading According to the Registry of Open Access Re- the years, this role diminished as the reliance edge metrics that represent the most current positories Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROAR- on purchased tools such as Web of Science interpretations of research. MAP), by the end of 2013 over 240 universities and Scopus became popular. However, as References and over 90 research funders had adopted open this article states, research impact is more publishing mandates. Just ten years ago, these than statistics based on citation counts, and Association of Research Libraries. mandates were practically non-existent; they have indeed is more than research articles. To ap- (2012). 21st-century collections: calibra- been growing rapidly year over year. In many in- preciate impact it is important to understand tion of investment and collaborative action. stitutions, libraries and librarians play a major role how the world is interacting with research Retrieved March 7, 2014 from http://www. in creating, maintaining, publishing, and promoting artifacts across the five categories of met- arl.org/storage/documents/publications/is- their institution’s open repositories. By using alt- rics. These are 1) Usage, e.g., downloads, sue-brief-21st-century-collections-2012.pdf. metrics with your open repositories and publishing 2) Captures, e.g., bookmarks, 3) Mentions, Association of Research Libraries. initiatives, you can provide the authors and faculty e.g., blogs, 4) Social Media, e.g., tweets, (2013). New roles for new times: Trans- with metrics about their articles, papers, data, and and 5) Citations, e.g., Scopus. By looking at forming liaison roles in research libraries. other research artifacts. While the mandates to impact information across these categories, Retrieved March 7, 2014 from http://www. publish are a “stick” approach to getting your facul- you can become a well-versed partner to your arl.org/storage/documents/publications/ ty to use your Institutional Repository, you can use faculty and your institution by stepping into NRNT-Liaison-Roles-final.pdf. metric information to deploy a “carrot” approach the position of understanding and assessing Brody, T. and Harnad, S. (2005). to inform them how the use of your Institutional research impact. Earlier Web usage statistics as predictors Repository has helped the spread of their research. of later citation impact. Retrieved March Researchers want their work to be shared, dis- The Bottom Line 6, 2014, from http://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/pa- cussed, and applied. It is difficult to objectively Alternative metrics is a new and growing pers/0503/0503020.pdf. know if their research is having an impact. By field. Thus, using them in librarianship
Against the Grain / April 2014
his is a small case study analysis of the changes in library operations at TWestern Oregon University (WOU) over the past six to eight years. WOU is a medium-sized (6k students) master’s level public university about 10 miles southwest of Salem, Oregon. The study focuses on shifts in resource expenditures, holdings, usage, cost per use, and gate count. It also looks at changes in operations and personnel. Resource Expenditure Shift to Online Electronic resource expenditures have eclipsed print over the past eight years. Elec- tronic resources comprised 23% of expendi- tures in FY06. By FY13, online resources consumed 84% of the resource budget (see Graphic 1 – Print and Electronic Resource Expenditures FY06 - 13). Over the eight years, the total information resource budget declined by 5%. Graphic 1 — Print and Electronic Resource Expenditures FY06 - 13 Books and Serials Expenditures E-journal expenditures have become dominant over the past eight years. In FY06, print journals comprised 43% of expenditures, print books 32%, e-journals comprised 24%, and e-books only 1%. By FY13, e-journals consumed 69% of the resource budget. E-books claimed 8%, print books 9%, and print journals 5%. Cancelation of individual subscriptions to both print and e-journals and decreased print book purchases funded the increased electronic expansion. The transition was afforded by reduced book allocations and cancellations of individual print and electronic journal titles in favor of databases of e-book and journal titles, pay-per-view access, and PDA. Print journal titles were cancelled in favor of the least expensive way to replace it in e-format. We would also cancel e-journal subscriptions if annual usage costs via pay-per- view were lower than the e-subscription cost for a title. (see Graphic 2 – Print and Electronic Graphic 2 — Print and Electronic Books and Serials Books and Serials Expenditure Trends Detail Expenditure Trends Detail FY06 - 13 FY06 - 13).
‘Holdings’ $3.56 per title. Print book titles purchased or Total full-text online usage has increased by We have aggressively pursued an access received as gifts in the conventional manner 116% — from 84,622 to 182,853 (see Graphic rather than a holding strategy for collection increased the collection by 6% — from 213,717 4 – Physical Circulation vs. Online Usage). development. Subscription databases, PDA, to 226,322 volumes and cost (with gift titles and pay-per-view permit relatively inexpensive included in the calculation) on average $36.47 Physical Item Usage expansion of titles. The approach increases (see Graphic 3 – Book Volumes, E-book Title, Overall, circulation declined by 14.5% for the probability that a search term will find and FT E-journal Access FY08 - 13). The physical items. Book usage was up while print matches and permits access to content that we average cost per title excluding gifts was just reserves, equipment, and AV were down. Cir- could not otherwise afford. The cost per title over $80 in FY13. culation of print books decreased just over 9% for access to e-journals between FY08 and from FY08 through FY12, an average of about FY13 averaged $20.17 per unduplicated title. Total Usage 2% per year. It increased by nearly 18% from For the same time period, access to e-journal Total physical circulation and online usage FY12 to FY13 for a net gain over the six years titles increased by 727% from 11,595 to 95,941 increased by 59% over the past 7 years from of nearly 8%. An explanation for the sudden unique titles. E-book titles increased by 133% 148,401 to 235,007. Total physical circulation increase has not yet become apparent. Book — from 42,000 to 98,870 at an average cost of decreased by 19% — from 63,779 to 52,154. continued on page 83 82 Against the Grain / April 2014
Collecting to the Core — Computing Instruction Manuals by Stephen Patton (Assistant Librarian and Chair of Systems, Indiana State University; Computer Science Editor, Resources for College Libraries)
Column Editor’s Note: The “Collecting concepts. In “Textbooks, Leisure Readings, to the Core” column highlights monographic and the Academic Library,” Cynthia Hsieh and works that are essential to the academic li- Rhonelle Runner explain that there is no true brary within a particular discipline, inspired consensus over why librarians have decided not by the Resources for College Libraries bib- to collect course textbooks, even though they liography (online at http://www.rclweb.net). are in high demand by students.1 Indeed, in the In each essay, subject specialists introduce domain of computing materials, certification and explain the classic titles and topics that manuals and textbooks arguably belong in a continue to remain relevant to the undergrad- core collection. Drawing on my experience uate curriculum and library collection. Dis- as a library selector and systems administrator, ciplinary trends may shift, but some classics as well as graduate work in computer science, never go out of style. — AD this essay outlines rationale and specific works in support of including computing instruction manuals in the library’s collection. ollecting materials to support the under- Since many of the published monographs graduate curriculum in computing (in- in computing are specific to particular topics, Ccluding computer information systems such as cryptography in networking, one rea- and computer science) presents several obsta- son to select introductory or survey materials cles. Faculty-driven selections in computing such as textbooks is to ensure that students are often skewed toward highly theoretical have access to basic information, in this case texts based on individual interests and research. an introduction to cryptography as well as Additionally, the library collection in com- a survey of networking, before approaching puting should not only support teaching and more specialized works. While there are student research, but should also help prepare survey books that are not strictly textbooks, students for professional work in the industry. those which are regularly used in the classroom Furthermore, collecting with undergraduates in have typically undergone several revisions mind requires the selector to accept that many and tend to be better structured, edited, and of the most useful and vetted materials in this most importantly, thoroughly vetted by a large discipline are product manuals and certification readership body. This last point is particularly manuals, as well as course books, textbooks, important for computing, since it is vital for and survey texts. Though many academic students working with example code to know libraries avoid adding these types of materials that there are no errors. It seriously impedes as a general selection policy, instruction man- the learning process to try to learn from and uals like certification guides and course books work with code that is full of errors. William often provide critical foundational knowledge Stallings has produced a substantial body of for computer science students and help ensure important textbooks for computer science fields that graduates with a degree in computing will (as well as the Website Computer Science be equipped with a basic understanding of core continued on page 86 and Safari Books Online); and various series self-directed learning; they are usually highly Collecting to the Core from Wiley’s Sybex imprint. Texts from these vetted and well known in the industry; they are from page 85 series can be easily integrated into collections frequently edited and reissued, which is key in and as universities become more accountable a fast-changing field; and they often directly Student Resources), and his Cryptography and to students’ postgraduate career placements, support certification study, all of which make Network Security, now in its sixth edition, is a supporting computing certification becomes these materials excellent options for the under- useful model for a textbook that blends basic more critical. graduate library collection. In fact, libraries information with practical applications and Once bibliographers decide to add selec- of different sizes serving distinct communities could be used by an undergraduate student or — from liberal arts colleges to universities, 2-3 tive textbooks and certification manuals to as a reference by practitioners. the computing collection, challenges remain. technical schools to large public libraries Another benefit of selecting and recom- One practical concern is that it can be difficult — should find little reason to exclude these mending course books to computing students is to locate hardcover texts that will stand up to important and useful instructional materials that it orients them to those foundational texts the wear and tear of users, as these titles are from the computing collection. After all, it is recognized across the computing industry. One routinely heavily used. Certain works, such often said that collection development is an particularly good example of a course book that as the CCNA Routing and Switching Study art, not a science. When it comes to computer is also arguably the definitive introductory text Guide, will often be continuously checked out science, course books and certification guides in the subject is Introduction to Algorithms, from the moment they are received.6 They will can be critical for helping students learn their published by MIT Press.4 While there are also probably be stolen, highlighted, dog-eared, chosen art. other books available on this topic, this is a and ripped apart, so it may be necessary to buy work that anyone in the industry will have two copies or a physical copy and an electronic studied from and is required reading for most copy, allowing students to choose their pre- Endnotes computing professionals. ferred format. The consideration of whether 1. Hsieh, Cynthia, and Rhonelle Runner. As universities and accrediting agencies to provide electronic texts is still an important “Textbooks, Leisure Readings, and the place higher importance on job placement after question for computing students, who do not Academic Library.” Library Collections, graduation, libraries should consider collecting necessarily want to read books online, especial- Acquisitions, and Technical Services 29.2 (2005): 192-204. certification manuals for myriad reasons. Cer- ly when they are trying to code or cross-refer- ence materials. Nevertheless, when purchasing 2. Stallings, William. Computer Science tifications are increasingly being promoted and Student Resources. URL: http://www. supported by computing departments, which computing course materials and certification computersciencestudent.com. Accessed underscores the importance of acquiring these manuals in an electronic format, it is important Jan. 21, 2014. materials for the library. In “Integrating IT Cer- to purchase a concurrent user license so that as 3. Stallings, William. Cryptography and tification into an Information System Course,” many users as possible can access the needed Network Security. Sixth edition. Upper Sad- authors Akram Al-Rawi, Azzedine Lansari, materials. Given the general affordability of dle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2013.* and Faouzi Bouslama prescribe a strategy these works in both print and electronic forms, 4. Cormen, Thomas H., Charles E. Leiser- for incorporating certification exams into the they are low-cost yet high-value additions to son, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. university computing curriculum.5 In comput- the undergraduate collection. Introduction to Algorithms. Third edition. ing, a degree alone does not necessarily show It is important to remember that, despite Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.* employers that a potential new hire has a certain falling outside the scope of most traditional 5. Al-Rawi, Akram, Azzedine Lansari, and breadth of knowledge, whereas certification Faouzi Bouslama. “Integrating IT Certifi- selection policies, instruction manuals — cation into an Information System Course.” proves competence and the ability to pass an both textbooks and certification guides — are Information and Communication Technolo- accredited industry-wide exam. Certifications often the preeminent books in computing. gies, 2006. ICTTA: 459-464. URL: http:// ensure common and measurable fluency on a They are intentionally written to be easy dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICTTA.2006.1684413. topic, since students or professionals sitting to understand, which makes them ideal for Accessed Jan. 30, 2014. for the exam must be able to demonstrate their 6. Lammle, Todd. CCNA: Routing and knowledge. Popular certification paths that Switching Study Guide. Indianapolis, IN: can be tied to the undergraduate curricu- Sybex, 2013. lum, library materials, and professional *Editor’s note: An asterisk (*) denotes a title certifications are the tracks for selected for Resources for College Libraries. Network+ and the CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate). Much of the material in these courses mirrors the material taught in any introductory college networking course. Certification exams pro- is part of the Bearded Pigs who I have always vide effective surveys of their topic areas and Rumors wanted to get to perform in Charleston. But give the student a solid foundation on which from page 62 Scott says they retired the annual Bearded to build a career. Though industry-recognized Pigs event at the MLA meeting after last certifications can be résumé builders, they are We are excited to have a UNC-Chapel Hill year since there were too many logistical and not necessarily correlated with job placement, School of Library and Information Science other issues. Of course the initial challenge and library selectors should also recognize that Data Curation Course which will take place is getting the right core group of musicians computing faculty may have mixed feelings for one-and-a-half day on the Monday and together, as Scott says. But he adds a thought on incorporating certification training into the Tuesday prior to the Charleston Conference! — suggests an open mike session one evening curriculum. Some programs have successfully Stay tuned! during the Charleston Conference. People integrated certification manuals into courses, www.katina.info/conference would sign up for fifteen minute sets ahead supplemented with more theoretical texts; of time. That could be a fun event in itself other computing departments opt to offer Brainstorming the other night with the and help identify some people we could tap certification courses as electives. To support awesomes Mitchell Davis and Carolyn for something the next year. What musicians these efforts, bibliographers might look toward Morris and the newly-hired Biblioboard out there want to help with this crazy idea? purchasing certification manuals and texts from employee Steve Sutton (yes, you heard me Jack Montgomery, how about you? Seems the following group of publishers and series: right) and my wonderful husband Bruce, we like every other person mentions music in Cisco Press (Official Cert Guide Series); had the idea for a Charleston Conference the Against the Grain profile! Fun, fun, fun! McGraw-Hill Osborne Media (All-in-One band… or music group… There are so many Who is interested? Please let me or Leah Series); Microsoft Press Books (also available musicians in our midst! In fact, I was talking Hinds know!
86 Against the Grain / April 2014
ow are consortia actually addressing the questions about shared 6. Florida State University System Shared Collection “Memorandum print policy and practice outlined in the previous CCC column? of Understanding Concerning the FLorida Academic REpository HThe following analysis of a set of shared print Memoranda of (FLARE) 2013. Understanding (MOU) is an overview of the key policy choices consortia 7. Great Western Library Alliance “GWLA Journal Distributed Print are making as they begin to build the foundations for a network of robust Repository MOU” 2012 supra-institutional collective collections. The next column will discuss 8. IA State, UIA, UW-Madison (IA/UW) “MOU Distributed Print lessons learned from this analysis. Repository” 2011 1 After reviewing 37 relevant documents, the following criteria were 9. Maine Shared Collections Cooperative (MSCC) “Memorandum used to develop a focused subset for analysis: of Understanding” 2013 • Include MOUs from currently active shared print programs that: 10. Michigan Collaborative for Library Services “MOU for Michigan — involve multiple legally separate institutions; Shared Print Initiative (MI-SPI) Participants” 2012 — were conceived as shared print programs from the outset2; 11. Orbis Cascade Alliance Distributed Print Repository “MOU – OCA and Member Institution Agreement” 2009 — are known to be operational and to have completed work 12. Pennsylvania Academic Library Consortium “PALCI Distributed on MOUs that address most of the key considerations in STM Print Serials Archive Project – Member Library Agreement” organizing a shared print program that can be reasonably 2009 expected to survive the tests of time in ensuring long- 13. Western Regional Storage Trust “WEST Program Statement” 2011 term preservation of and access to collectively managed [Note: Acronyms are used to identify specific MOUs in the analysis.] legacy print collections. While these criteria excluded many thoughtful documents, they sharply • Exclude potentially relevant documents from programs that are: focused the analysis on a subset of MOUs that are more directly comparable — outside North America; in intent and scope than the larger set of documents. Of the 13 MOUs that — for pilot projects of short duration; fit these criteria, the oldest (approved in 2002) is that of 5C and 10 (77%) were developed since 2010. Only two of these MOUs were included in — not actual MOUs or agreements that require legally 3 binding institutional agreement to a set of terms; or Constance Malpas’ very useful 2007 analysis of the first generation of shared print agreements. My hope is that analysis and lessons learned — “last copy” policies. from it will provide an updated view of emerging shared print policies that Applying these criteria yielded the following set of MOUs: consortia will find helpful in shaping shared print programs. 1. Association of Southeastern Research Libraries (ASERL) “Col- Analysis of MOUs laborative Journal Retention Program” 2011 This analysis reports on major policy considerations in shaping a policy 2. Central Iowa Collaborative Collections Initiative “CI-CCI Mem- and governance framework for shared print, with particular attention to orandum of Understanding” 2013 selection and collective management of these shared collections. Most of 3. Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) “Memorandum of the actual MOUs are available for more in-depth analysis.4 Understanding for Provision of Shared Print Repository Host Site 1. Program description, principles, purposes, goals, and definitions Services” 2011 (draft; not for distribution) — Many MOUs use language similar to that of the 5C to describe their 4. Council of Prairie and Pacific University Libraries “COPPUL purpose, which is to secure persistent deposit of lesser used materials to Shared Print Archive Network Member Agreement 2012 provide members with “….the assurance that they can withdraw duplicates 5. Five College Consortium (5C) “Five College Library Depository of deposited items from their campus collections and rely with confidence Policies” 2002 (last updated 2013) on access to the copies placed in the Depository.” Of the 13 MOUs in this analysis, eight (62%) are distributed archives, three (23%) utilize centralized storage facilities, and two use both storage models. One MOU (PALCI) call for both a “light” archive and a News From the Field “dark” archive (non-circulating copies). 2. Eligibility and participation — Ten Ø ARL published Spec Kit 337 “Print Retention Decision Making” Oct. 2013. (77%) of these shared print programs grew in Ø WRLC Board has approved construction of a third storage module. WRLC is work- some way out of pre-existing consortia, and ing with Sustainable Collections Services on an analysis of their circulating collection. three (MI-SPI, IA/WI, CI-CCI) are groupings Ø PALCI’s distributed print serials archive is in the process of adding journals published of libraries that came together specifically for the by the American Psychological Association to its existing archive of three STM publisher purpose of establishing a shared print program. journals (ACS, AIP, and APS). In most cases it seems that not all members of Ø WEST is embarking on a process of program evaluation and strategic planning as it pre-existing consortia are required or expected to participate, though this is often implicit in the works to achieve sustainability as a fully member-supported program, and as it considers MOU. Nine (69%) specify only one category new programmatic changes. of membership, while two (15%) have multiple Ø HathiTrust has initiated a program to expand and enhance access to U.S. federal pub- categories (e.g., archive holder, builder & sup- lications. The first step is to get an idea of the total corpus and compare the holdings of porter), and one allows libraries outside the ex- its members, to determine what portion of the corpus is already in the HathiTrust, what isting consortium to join as “affiliate members.” portion is not but has already been digitized, and what portion remains to be digitized. 3. Governance and operations — Five http://www.hathitrust.org/usgovdocs programs (38%) use the existing consortium Ø Maine Shared Collections Strategy is co-sponsoring with CRL a shred print pre-con- governance group as the operational group for ference at the 2014 ALA Annual Conference on June 27. For more information on “Look- their shared print program (this is implicit in ing to the Future of Shared Print,” see http://www.maineinfonet.net/mscs/ALA2014/. three MOUs and explicit in two); and eight (62%) continued on page 88 Against the Grain / April 2014
Tubes called the metaphor right. But his people have and evangelist, proclaiming how awesome it is My iPhone, on Wi-Fi, used to try to log that bridge to nowhere. to be part of Facebook yet autonomous. The me into any WIFI Router along my way. One vision thing is that all is data and technologies router near campus bore the moniker THEIN- built on some other unit of delivery and mea- TERNETISASERIESOFTUBES. What’s up, Zuck? sure is over. Into the breach steps WhatsApp. Ted Stevens, Alaska’s late senior senator, Bugs Bunny would understand WhatsApp’s Koum is correct. It’s all about data now, explained the Internet thus in a 2006 senate rocket rise in valuation…a bushel of carrots… the ones and zeroes. Whether this observation hearing on net neutrality. His major point This is what Bugs Bunny would hear if is transformational is another claim altogether. was that as traffic increased, the networks he met Brian and Jan, two guys who created We’ve seen in our own part of the online world would have to expand through improvements WhatsApp in their own version of a Silicon that data is easiest to access when it is free. In or contract through fees and taxes. Valley garage in 2009. BTW, they are now the library-land we’ve used open as our surrogate term but let’s face it, we mean free. His words went viral in the online world world’s most recent billionaires: Verizon, Vodafone, T-Mobile, and AT&T whose libertarian and utopian goals and ideals WhatsApp Messenger is a cross-platform remain largely unaffected by the free move- were well settled. Besides, the Senator had built mobile messaging app which allows you ments disrupting publishing. Like Google, that bridge to nowhere, he excelled at pork; nat- to exchange messages without having to they sit at one end of the network. They are urally nothing he said could be taken seriously. pay for SMS. WhatsApp Messenger is in charge of delivery of the data. Stevens however, were he alive and kick- available for iPhone, BlackBerry, Win- ing, might have the last laugh. By likening the dows Phone, Android, and Nokia. The library angle or take away: get there first, sign them up, find a Facebook. Internet to a plumbing or electrical wiring, he Bugs would also learn, between chops on was trying to shift to a more fitting metaphor his bright orange carrot, that although Brian to characterize the real nature of the Internet. and Jan slaved at Yahoo! for a decade running Read a Book (verb indicative) Those who wanted the Internet to be free the advertising platform, they agreed in prin- preferred to liken the Internet to a road, an ciple with another stated principle from the The Library: A World History, text by information highway, built to move person canonic Geekster movie, Fight Club: James W.P. Campbell and photographs by and freight as freely as possible. Roads were Will Pryce is a stunning example of large a public utility or a public good. Advertising has us chasing cars and format coffee book that rewards the reader clothes, working jobs we hate so we Recent court rulings and business deals with every ounce of effort of its makers. This can buy stuff we don’t need. — Tyler includes the guys just mentioned but also the mark a notable turn in metaphor and real Durden, Fight Club behavior. Recently the Supreme Court ruled University of Chicago Press, the libraries that Internet providers like Verizon could make On February 19, 2014, Facebook Inc. featured, their librarians and staff, and all of deals with content providers like Netflix to announced it is buying WhatsApp Inc. for us who support the library. charge customers more for higher speed and US$19 billion. Facebook will pay $4 billion Libraries get love over 300 pages of photo- data services. They ruled that customers could in cash, $12 billion in Facebook shares, and $3 graphs, interior and exterior, of libraries from pay more for a wider highway, bigger pipes, billion in restricted stock units to be granted to all over the world and its history. Included are more bulky tubes. WhatsApp founders and employees that will elevations, detailed photographs, and sumptu- vest over four years. Hot on the heels of this decision, Netflix and ous words that infuse the visuals with meaning. Comcast agreed to do just that, a move both Right now, the new owners, Facebook, and No architecture collection should go with- had resisted throughout the defining period of the new WhatsApp billionaires are able to out it despite its Z classification. One library net neutrality. For some time now, Netflix had eat Carrot and the carrot cake, too. Facebook elevation or model should be part of all design proposed to Comcast and other cable providers stock rose just as it did when they proved they education (which is may be). The concept of to put their own servers into the server farms were serious about mobile. This is one more the library challenges builders and designers of the providers for faster and higher capacity piece of that mobility strategy. with how to collect, catalog, store, and preserve downloads. The catch was that Netflix didn’t The Facebook phone failed because the written record in book form. This is as want to pay more for this; they argued that this Facebook isn’t a cell phone company. Most noble as it is essential. would help Comcast serve its customers better. every one of its registered users had cell The Library is perfect in execution down Netflix will now route its video streams phones and the loyalty that comes with it. to the exquisite balance of pictorial with infor- through third-party servers that interconnect With WhatsApp, Facebook may be repeating mation. Even the aroma of the book triggers the two companies. And Netflix will be themselves. And they will be going up against memories of another publishing era; dare we charged for these services. Customers who cell phone providers who are important to them call it “bookish?” want high-speed service will eventually ex- in mobile advertising. The book isn’t cheap in the context of perience higher prices probably from both Others have commented that WhatsApp Amazon setting the price of new hardcovers companies. current success is that it exploits a loophole in in the low teens. Its average based on what a Until recently Google and other Silicon Val- provider pricing. Today cell phone providers library normally pays. S electing the title for ley Internet companies supported and lobbied sell access to a network and price for the ac- your library not only acquires key historical for net neutrality. They’ve grown silent since cess. WhatsApp and similar products exploit content but also illustrates the role of the library the SOPA legislation fell defeated in 2012. the fact that now providers do not differentiate in leveraging purchases of important but pricey Lately, they’ve let Netflix shape the argument use. Once everyone is using the loophole, it is books. It also honors our several millennia of with legislators. Netflix seems to be raising a bound to be closed up. being the key customer of books. white flag in the struggle. A founder and CEO of WhatsApp Inc., The authors are young. The publisher is a Yes, the net is growing up with all of those Jan Koum, worked hard on his napkin concept staple of academic and intellectual publishing. who work and play on it. It is no longer an and paid his dues, struggling since 2009 for his It’s for all of us who want a testimony to the almost free service in our lives. Its tubes have big pay day. In the days since, he appears in library, the libraries, and all dedicated to its been squeezed. We owe Senator Stevens who press as the quintessential Web entrepreneur mission. Against the Grain / April 2014
Introduction faculty and 41% of students access the library online; there were The information industry is worth more than $700 billion and end-us- no significant differences between science and HSS students. ers consume this value for either personal or professional reasons. b) The most popular LMS task is submitting assignments (some 1,922 knowledge workers responded to Outsell’s online end-user are mandatory). HSS students are more likely to submit assign- study, including 429 completed responses in education, (150 faculty, ments via the LMS while science students are more likely to 250 full-time students, and 29 administrators). There are lots of meaty check grade details. takeaways! Purchasing Behaviors for Educational Materials Obstacles to Getting Information Textbooks attracted the largest share of spending by both students The three major obstacles for faculty are not having enough time or and faculty. Science faculty spend almost twice as much as HSS faculty enough budget, and lack of availability of fulltext. ($388 vs. $166 per semester). HSS students spend more on textbooks than science students($330 vs. $300). a) 57% of faculty say they lack time. Science faculty feel less time pressure than social science and humanities colleagues. a) Students get textbooks by the cheapest possible means. 67% buy used textbooks. In the future, students expect to buy fewer b) Lack of budget was highlighted more strongly by science print textbooks, renting them, or moving to digital. faculty (44%) than humanities and social science faculty (38%). b) 11% of HSS and science students do not intend to buy print c) Science faculty (31%) found the lack of fulltext more of a textbooks in the future. Both students and faculty (76%) believe problem than HSS faculty (27%). publishers charge too much for textbooks. d) Higher education faculty are also concerned with determin- ing the quality and credibility of resources. This is of particular Spending and Purchasing Information importance in humanities and social science. Respondents were asked about their level of involvement in the pro- curement of external information resources. Not surprisingly, science Information Types Used faculty have a much stronger role than HSS faculty. Overall, respondents rated education and training (41%) as well as a) Faculty are more likely to spend their budgets for their own STM (36%) materials as the most important types of material used for use. Science faculty report that 11% of buying decisions are work. outsourced to a library or information center as opposed to 22% a) Textbook content comes out on top in the U.S. K-12 and higher of HSS faculty. There may be a disconnect between the type of education systems. Community college faculty (87%), followed materials purchased or reported by the two types. by K-12 faculty (65%), and faculty at four-year universities (60%) b) Faculty members are more loyal to print but they expect to considered textbooks their most important types of content. increase their spend on print/digital bundles. Outsell predicts a b) Contrasts between students and faculty: 41% of faculty and stronger shift to digital in the higher education market than the only 8% of students picked instructional material as one of their K-12 and expects this to persist over the next three to five years. top five choices. Academic journals were picked (37%) by faculty c) 55% of total budget is spent on digital content among knowl- and 20% by students. edge workers with 41% for faculty. Print is 19% of the market c) Science faculty rely on textbooks slightly more than HSS as a whole but higher for faculty at 36%. faculty (70% vs.65%) but far less on journals (19% vs. 48%) and d) 70% of faculty expect their digital spend to increase over the not at all on reference content (3% for science faculty vs. 16% next 12 months and only 14% expect their print spend to rise. As for HSS faculty). more relevant and appropriate digital solutions come to market, Formats and Platforms spending on ones that deliver on saving institutions money or improving learning outcomes will rise and this will be at the Despite the proliferation of tablets and smartphones, desktops and expense of print resources almost exclusively. laptops remain the preferred points of access of content used for work. The percentage of users choosing to access content either from a tablet e) 19% of faculty are cautiously optimistic in expecting an or a smartphone is no more than 10%. increase in budgets for external content. 68% expect budgets to remain stable and 7% expect a decrease. a) 79% of faculty prefer to access textbook content in print with this strongest among science faculty (88%) than HSS faculty Desktops, Tablets and Smartphones (79%). Despite their reputation as “digital natives” 86% of stu- Surprisingly, both students and faculty are behind overall knowledge dents prefer to access textbook content in print. workers in ownership of smartphones. 86% of knowledge workers own b) 43% of faculty and 25% of students prefer to access journal a smartphone compared with 76% of faculty and 80% of students. content in print. a) Faculty lead in ownership of laptops, 92% to 79%. 48% of c) Given the figures above, the market for delivering education- faculty have their laptops provided by their employers. al content via smartphones remains at a very nascent stage of b) 66% of higher education faculty own a tablet compared to development. 84% of knowledge workers. Tablet penetration of the student user population is only 41%, though 28% plan to buy one in the Learning Management Systems and the Library next six months. In personal budget allocation, students tend to Both students and faculty (74%) report using LMS with Blackboard select the laptop/smartphone as the best value. the most prevalent. Science faculty and students use their LMS more c) Students use their smartphones almost twice as much as faculty than HSS counterparts. Students and faculty who use the LMS log in and their laptops for more than double the time. Users are also daily with HSS students leading the way. 65% of faculty and students “doubling up,” using a smartphone while also using a laptop. Stu- knew that library services were available through their LMS with students dents appear to be staring at a screen of some sort 10 hours a day. more aware of the library presence (74%) than faculty (50%). Science faculty are the least aware (33%). 45% of HSS faculty access the library d) Conducting research is the most common activity undertaken online weekly as compared to 17% of science faculty. by almost half of the faculty, followed by preparation and plan- a) Students are much more prolific online library users than continued on page 91 90 Against the Grain / April 2014
ning. There is a clear desire among faculty and end uses to access offerings through multiple interfaces at their own convenience. Solely mobile use is not enough given the continuing desire to use laptops and desktops as part of the mix. Subscription Management Subscription management Digital Textbooks Solutions for Libraries & E-procurement integration A surprisingly high proportion of students and faculty (63%) had never accessed a digital textbook platform though respondents may have Corporate Procurement E-journal set up and activation been confused by the use of the word “platform.” Of the platforms used, CourseSmart was the most popular. The market is clearly beyond the Prenax Inc. provides subscription E-journal URL maintenance nascent stage regarding digital textbooks and platforms but it is still some management solutions for Click-through access to e-content distance from widespread acceptance and penetration. procurement professionals and a) Outsell’s hypothesis about the digital textbook space is that libraries. As a partner, we provide a Cost center accounting
flat replica digital textbooks (PDFs with bookmarking and high- single point of contact for managing lighting capabilities) will act as little more than stepping stones Automatic claiming electronic and paper subscriptions, for a more integrated digital future. Whole course solutions such professional memberships and Custom and branded e-portals as Pearson’s MyLab, WileyPLUS, McGraw-Hill Connect, and books. We offer a true one-stop Cengage Learning’s MindTap seem better placed for long-term License negotiation and shop for all business, scientific, success. Surprisingly, 39% of users claim not to have used a management solution of this sort, though as stated earlier, this may be because technical, medical, research Flexible management reporting of confusion in the use of the term “platform.” HSS students publications and electronic content. We save you time and money and and faculty are much more likely than science students which Built in approval process may reflect the bias of packages toward science than toward eliminate the hassle of working with humanities disciplines. multiple content suppliers. Express payments to publishers
b) Outsell also looked at the use of OERs (Open Educational Prenax offers the flexibility of two Check in option for print titles Resources). 78% of faculty agreed that they recommend OERs platforms, one for servicing libraries in addition to other paid-for digital resources Partnerships that provide usage and one suited for servicing statistics, rights management, c) 46% of faculty expect to be using only digital textbooks within corporate customers. discovery tools and single sign on. the next two years. d) 90% of students feel that digital textbook content should be Basch Subscriptions, Inc. Prenax, Inc. cheaper than print. 10 Ferry St. Suite 429, Concord, NH 03301 e) The only area in which science and HSS students differed (P) 603-229-0662 (F) 603-226-9443 significantly was around the area of trust of digital materials. 58% www.basch.com • www.prenax.com of science students compared with 48% of HSS students say that they trust print materials more than digital materials. f) Despite concerns about price, students value accessibility above c) The proportion of faculty using Facebook for professional everything else. Features like search and multimedia content do and personal reasons is double that of students, suggesting that not figure very heavily, suggesting that there is work to be done on networking is between colleagues rather than between faculty improving the usability experience in the digital textbook arena. members and students. g) Customization was valued by just under one-third of faculty d) Faculty are more comfortable with social media sites collection and anecdotal evidence from solutions providers suggests that and storage of data about their information habits than students. faculty who undertake customization is marginal. Nevertheless, In fact students are more uncomfortable than your average offering a customization solution to the market is important even knowledge worker. if this option is not strongly taken up. h) Like students, faculty find digital textbooks more difficult to Outsell’s Essential Actions work with than their print counterparts. Build Products That Save Users Time — Time is a key pain point as is budget so time-saving solutions cannot be prohibitively expensive. Mobile Apps Bear Age in Mind — Higher education faculty are on average older When it comes to the number of mobile apps purchased and used, than K-12 faculty. Their reaction to digital take up such as being less student and faculty behaviors are consistent with those displayed in the likely to have a smartphone or laptop may be a hindrance. wider knowledge user community. Students try to find free apps for both Build for Mobile as Part of a Package — There is a clear desire personal and professional reasons. Apps are more likely to be used for amongst faculty to use mobile devices for work purposes. This is an personal reasons (44%) than professional reasons (33%). The browser opportunity for solutions providers to build mobile interfaces to existing remains dominant when undertaking tasks for work purposes. solutions. End users require access to offerings through multiple inter- Social Media faces at their own convenience. The use of social media is pervasive among both students and fac- Mind the Textbook Gap — Digital textbooks are still not igniting ulty. 100% of science faculty and 95% of HSS faculty who responded the imagination of today’s students and faculty. These products have to to the survey use one or more social media sites. Student usage is also deliver significantly more value than their print counterparts. It will be ubiquitous with 98% of science and 97% of HSS students using one or vital to look toward institutional purchasing models as a way of guaran- more social media services. teeing revenues and achieving higher sell-through on a per-class basis. a) Students do not use LinkedIn as much as faculty or the overall Integrate Reference Content with Other Services — The wealth knowledge worker community as LinkedIn is a recruitment and of high-quality reference material held by solutions providers is being career progression tool. underused and undervalued by student and faculty audiences. Making b) Within the faculty community, there was no statistically signifi- these services more visible through connectivity with other offerings cant difference in the use of LinkedIn by science and HSS faculty, would bring their value more to the forefront and boost their value to but there was far greater use of LinkedIn by higher education the end-user audience. faculty than K-12 faculty.
Against the Grain / April 2014
eb folks, do you ever get a nagging We aren’t alone. I feel that we are in the Pico feeling that WordPress or another middle of the rise of the file-based CMS as an Pico is a PHP-based Wdatabase-driven CMS might not be alternative. I tested out three contenders for CMS by Gilbert Pel- the best solution for a particular site you’re Boggy Down: Jekyll, Pico, and Kirby. Kirby’s legrom from Dev7studios. It is also released building? developer echoed the needs of the Webcomic under the MIT license. Pico is built to employ When I began to create the site for my project’s architecture: “There’s no database Markdown exclusively, though Markdown Webcomic Boggy Down I knew its architec- behind it. All the administration stuff is done files can contain HTML. Pico offers a truly ture could be pretty simple and streamlined. through my ftp client and nice little text files” flat directory structure, with .md files stored Aside from a few one-off static pages like (Allgeier). This is true of each of these file- in a folder called content. Each content file an “About” page, almost all pages would based systems. typically starts with metadata, with available need a recurring blog-like structure that Jekyll, Pico, and Kirby are each made to fields including title, date, author, title and simply housed an image for each page, with use simple files with content marked up with description (Pico). Like our other choices, enough markup to keep them organized and Markdown or HTML as the basis of a site. The HTML structure, and CSS styling are com- accessible. HTML doesn’t even necessarily need to be pletely up to you. fully formed HTML documents; you generally Considering the needs of the project, I configure a wrapper in header and footer files Kirby found myself asking if the architecture for (not unlike WordPress or many other systems), Kirby is a CMS created by designer and the underlying content really required the so the good semantic markup that describes and developer Bastian Allgeier. Like Pico, it is overhead of a database-driven CMS. Did the organizes the pieces of content is all you need. PHP-based. After stumbling across Kirby and site need text and media content housed in a experimenting with it a bit, it seemed to match SQL database? Or different sets of admins Jekyll up well with Boggy Down’s needs, being light with different levels of privileges? Did most Jekyll is built on Ruby and is described and adaptable without a lot of overhead. of those admins need WYSIWYG editors? I by its developer Tom Preston-Werner as a asked myself those questions about Boggy Coding for Kirby should seem instantly “blog aware static site generator” (2013). It is familiar to anyone used to writing PHP. Down and the answer to each one was “no.” I released under the free and open source MIT had to question if I was looking at WordPress Content files use Markdown, in a framework license. Jekyll powers GitHub Pages, so it can written by Allgeier called Kirbytext. Content out of habit, despite the fact that another solu- handle large sites with multiple lower-level tion might be more appropriate. Simple can files are .txt by default but could be changed admins providing loads of content. In addition to .md or another format in the config file. be freeing. Why house content in a database to Markdown and HTML, it also supports the if I don’t need to? Why have various users in Kirby wraps the content up in custom, array- lightweight markup language Textile as well as like objects based on its directory structure. a database if it’s only me, and server access Ruby’s Liquid templating. It can be extended is all I need? When writing your PHP and HTML, these to work as a blog with a little custom work, or can be accessed through its jQuery-inspired I know a lot of librarians working on Web use of its companion Octopress. Octopress API, manifesting a philosophy which might projects face similar concerns, so I’ll share the provides a blog-ready HTML template for be described as “look for a thing, then use or results of my search to find a more streamlined Jekyll and uses Git cloning to support multiple modify the thing.” See Figure I below. sites (Octopress 2011). solution for a project that didn’t necessarily Kirby’s sensible folder and object hierar- benefit from MySQL in its stack. Not that The main caveat I see for Jekyll is that if chies, along with organized and easy to follow WordPress hasn’t given us a lot and isn’t a you aren’t accustomed to regularly writing documentation from Allgeier, really set it over great fit for many projects. Still, I’m sure Ruby and maintaining your Ruby environment the top for me. I found creating and referencing a lot of folks working on presenting a body (I do not and was not) it probably requires too parent-child (and sibling) structure in Kirby of images or other media content for digital much configuration and too many updates to more intuitive than in Pico. Allgeier even pro- libraries or special collections, or even refer- dependencies to be ready for quick use. If your vides an extremely useful reference cheat sheet ence and instruction, have looked at their back Ruby is strong, I could see this being a great (Kirby 2013a). Documentation also includes end and wanted something more lightweight. fit for large digital collections. growing list of tutorials for extending Kirby, including writing blog templates, configuring your RSS feed, hiding your backend content files, and creating “art directed” posts with their own unique styling (Kirby 2013b). I found the tutorials easy to follow and implement. Boggy Down’s main content area, the comics, is just a blog made with the help of Allgeier’s blog tutorial, with the main blog page customized to return only the single most recent post as a page. Kirby’s default metadata might seem less robust than Pico’s, but it is easily extensible. You can add any field you like. Allgeier offers, “If you need more fields for your template – maybe you want to show a date on that page or a subtitle — simply add more fields to the text file. [...] After each field you have to add four dashes and that’s it” (Kirby 2013c). From the PHP, Kirby makes these new fields, which you can think of as custom variables, available from methods with corresponding names: Figure I: Kirby’s organized and highly usable documentation $page->yourvar() set a high bar — Image: http://getkirby.com/docs continued on page 93
92 Against the Grain / April 2014
After considering your projects needs, I rec- Lohmann Jennifer PHILOSOPHY: Perfect is the opposite of good. Anne Klinefelter, the director of the ommend experimenting with each of these flat UNC Law Library, told me that my first year of graduate school. Honestly, if I waited for file systems to see if it’s right for the project and perfect, I would never get anything done (can you tell that I’m a big picture person, instead the people working on it. All are available on of a detail-oriented person?). GitHub (Kirby’s licensing is based on the honor MOST MEMORABLE CAREER ACHIEVEMENT: I have two careers, so I’ll answer for system). Jekyll is very capable and probably both of them. Winning the RWA Librarian of the Year Award was fantastic. And getting fairly simple to use and maintain if you develop the phone call from Megan Long for my first book was a wonderful feeling. I had been in Ruby. If you’re more comfortable in PHP, having a really terrible month of May. When Megan told me the production schedule and Pico and Kirby are very similar on first, and how quickly I’d have to turn the book over, she said, “Do you think you can do that?” My even second, glance. I found Kirby easier to exact response was, “I’ve spent the past week force feeding a cat. I can do anything.” It work with and extend. Plus, if I had problems took Megan a couple seconds to respond with anything more coherent than a “um, okay.” Kirby’s documentation cleared things up faster than Pico’s did. HOW/WHERE DO I SEE THE INDUSTRY IN FIVE YEARS: eBooks and self-publishing And then there’s the fact that I was making are changing the market a lot (which we all know). Even though libraries and publishers a Webcomic, and what comics creator could are fighting out the role of libraries and eBooks, with brick-and-mortar stores struggling resist a name that recalls the King, Jack Kirby? and the number of books available online is skyrocketing, I think authors and publishers will start placing greater value on the unique role of the library and librarians in getting References books into the hands of readers (there are many authors and publishers who recognize Allegeier, Bastian. “About.” http://basti- this already). anallgeier.com/about. Preston-Werner, Tom. “Welcome.” Jekyll. http://jekyllrb.com/docs/home/. Octopress. 2011. “Octopress 2.0 Surfaces.” http://octopress.org/. Rumors Pico. “Introducing Pico.” http://pico. from page 86 dev7studios.com/. Speaking of ATG Kirby. 2013. “The Kirby Cheat Sheet.” profiles, I noticed that http://getkirby.com/docs. Anneliese Taylor (p.30) ---. “Tutorials.” http://getkirby.com/ noted that in her spare tutorials. time, she enjoys anything ---. “Adding Content.” http://getkirby.com/ that gets her away from a docs/content. computing device. Ain’t it the truth? Check out Lindsay Barnett’s new And reading the couch. Do you think Charlie was watch- Forbes interview with ing the Academy Awards? Anthea Stratigos (see above) I was interested to see that she and her Back Talk husband, Greg Chagaris, make a point of going computer-less when from page 94 they vacation. This may be a growing trend? One last thing before I go, what do you think is the sexiest part about ways imagined that paradise will be a kind of being a librarian? Got this from Ileana Jacks who found it on Instagram. library.” I think this is 100% true and that is Now I gotta go! But be sure and visit the ATG archive on the Pur- why we should all try to help others find this due University Press website not to mention the proceedings as well. paradise before they cross the veil between this http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/atg/ and whatever is coming next. Happy Spring! Against the Grain / April 2014
s I was contemplating what I might “disengaged” from their communities generally. communities. Libraries simply don’t write, and how I might jazz it up a bit, What is the real reason? In the spirit of the have a role in their lives, these folks Ait occurred to me that I simply needed movie Noah, I can now reveal it is the fault of don’t even know where the nearest to use the same technique that Darren Aronof- the Tea Party corrupted Republican Party. The public library is located. sky used in his new movie, Noah — change Republicans, especially those in the House of 3. Some, while they don’t deny the the facts to create controversy in order to gain Representatives, understand that poorly edu- value of libraries for others, have attention, and then hope my readers won’t lose cated poor people are more likely to be scared personally never used a library. the central thought just because I strayed from by evil stories about the White House run by a 4. About 7% of the people studied are the truth a bit. Kenyan and will consequently vote for Repub- saddled with challenges that make In Noah, Darren Aronofsky kept to the licans. Therefore, they are doing all that they going to a library difficult, e.g., are general plot — there was going to be a lot can to increase the number of ignorant paupers elderly, have a disability, live in a of rain and an ark was needed to save the to insure that they can maintain a Republican remote location, or are caring for a animals and the members of his family. But House and hopefully win control of the Senate. sick person in their family. that wouldn’t do much to fill the 138 minutes That this erodes support for public libraries is just tough luck. I was tempted to do this, but 5. Some have low household incomes of the film. Interest generating conflict was and/or low levels of education. what was needed. Noah, the movie, is full of decided against it. So, at the risk of putting you all to sleep, There is not space here to list all of the things it. There is a villain named Tubal-Cain who that might be done to increase engagement opposes Noah generally, who leads a hoard of I would like to talk seriously about the Pew Report (How Americans Value Public Librar- with, and/or support for, libraries — other than saber wielding infidels intent on taking over the putting the blame on the Republicans —but ark, personally stows himself away ies in Their Communities, http:// libraries.pewinternet.org/files/leg- here are some ideas that I have seen pursued on the ark to escape the flood, and elsewhere, or which have occurred to me, and fights Noah to the death. There are acy-pdf/PIP_Libraries%20in%20 communities.pdf) and what we invite you to think seriously about what you also conflicts between Noah and might do in your community or library setting: his sons over who they can marry. might do to increase what is already Noah’s wife has to convince Noah a very positive margin of support 1. Develop a “Top 10 Things Your to decide not to kill his two new for public libraries, or indeed all Library Can Do For You” handout twin grand daughters. And there libraries. and mobilize patrons, scouting and religious groups, etc., to take a copy are stone giants with hearts of gold The authors of the Pew Report to every household along with an to battle the vicious hoards. None of this is in identified nine types of library users from invitation to go to the library. the Bible but it gets everyone’s attention. “Library Lovers” to “Off the Grid,” but then grouped them into four larger categories — high 2. Figure out how to identify new In the end I decided to talk about the new members of your community, give Pew Foundation report on public libraries that engagement, medium engagement, low en- gagement, and none [absolute no engagement]. them a copy of the Top 10 list, a map shows that 69% of Americans like and/or use li- showing where the library is located, braries to some degree and others don’t. Not too They explain the reasons for each of these levels. What I would like to focus on are the and something telling them how to exciting, right? Definitely not movie material. get a library card. Not even as exciting as the basic too-much-rain types of people in the low and zero engagement and only one huge ark story in the Bible. So I [none] categories, and ask what we might do to 3. Hold non-library events of all sorts was truly tempted to give the real reasons why move each of them up toward a level of higher in the library to get those who have public libraries were not lovingly embraced by engagement. Based upon my own reading of never been to the library to go there. the other 31 or so percent. It is not because 4% this report, here are the five major reasons for Invite community groups to hold simply don’t see libraries as relevant to their lower levels of library engagement: their meetings in the library — and lives; its not because 7% of the people surveyed 1. Some people, for some reason or don’t charge them. are transients, ignorant about libraries; it’s not another, have negative views about 4. All libraries have unneeded books, because another 7% are living with disabilities libraries and barring some as-yet- magazines, DVDs, etc. Give/revolve or other roadblocks which prevent them from unexpected experience, will continue collections of these sorts of things using or knowing about libraries; it’s not be- to hold to this opinion. to nursing homes, offices, housing cause another 10% are older and poor; and its 2. They are transient members of, or centers, etc. Make sure every item not because a final 4% are poorly educated and simply “disengaged” from, their has an invitation to visit the library affixed to it. 5. “Facilitate” the ability of those who visit/help the elderly, the sick, the ADVERTISERS’ INDEX poor to take good but no longer needed library materials to these 25 aaas / Science 73 the Charleston Advisor 45 Modern Language Association members of our communities. These 7 acs Publications 8 the Charleston Report 15 osa – The Optical Society helpers will welcome such materials 41 acsess 69 choice Magazine 37 project MUSE as a way of not simply going to hear 17 adam Matthew Digital 9 cold Spring Harbor Lab Press 85 purdue University Press about how their friend/client’s gall 47 alibris 95 data-Planet 57 rittenhouse Book Distributors bladder is doing every time they visit. 19 ambassador Education Solutions 81 eastern Book 43 rsna Maybe they can also take an inspiring 13 american Psychiatric Publishing 48, 49 eBSCO 27 sLACK Incorporated biography or book of poems to read 33 annual Reviews 61 emery-Pratt 23 spie Digital Library to the person they are visiting. 29 asME 21, 31 igi Global 11 sWETS I have a souvenir T-shirt from one of the 91 Basch Subscriptions, Inc. 77 McFarland 2 Wolper Information Services University of Hong Kong Library’s annual 65 the Bookhouse Inc. 96 Midwest Library Service 3 yBP Library Services library leadership retreats that has the following statement by the Argentine writer and librarian For Advertising Information Contact: Toni Nix, Ads Manager, Jorge Luis Borges written on it: “I have al-
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