January 1999 1 Letter from the President, No
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Contents Secretary From the Secretary ............................................. 1 RCHS Executive Council Election...................... 1 Christian Fleck Letter from the President, No. 1 Archive for the History of Sociology in Austria Why (still) History of Sociology?......................... 2 Department of Sociology A Mini-symposium to that................................... 7 University of Graz Short Intro's of new EC Members ...................... 8 Universitaetsstrasse 15 Recent Publications by Members....................... 9 A 8010 Graz Two new Encyclopaedias ................................. 10 Austria Klassiker der Soziologie.................................... 13 phone: +43 316 380 3544 Members' Work in Progress.............................. 13 fax: +43 316 380 9515 News and Notes................................................ 14 E-mail: [email protected] Impressions of the World Congress.................. 15 Membership Dues............................................. 16 From the Secretary First, I'd like to express my thanks to all of you ro+zec). What you could find in it is listed in the who thought I could fit your expectations for the contents paragraph above. I'd like only to add an job as the new secretary. I'll do my best to fill this invitation to all members of RCHS to participate new role seriously and with some vitality. Here's as active as possible to the coming issues. the first result, the slightly redisigned newsletter C.F. (special thanks go to Robert Rothschädl from ro- RCHS Executive Council Election Our elections have now been completed, and EC members Charles Crothers finally we have a full new Executive Council. Spe- Sven Eliaeson cial thanks to Stina Lyon (School of Education, South Bank University, London) who has kindly Susan Hoecker-Drysdale agreed to do the administrative work in connection Hans Joas with this ballot. Hans-Peter Mueller The new members of the Council are: Jill Niebrugge-Brantley President Dirk Kaesler Dick Pels Vice Presidents Martin Bulmer Jennifer Platt Donald Levine Antoni Sulek Secretary Christian Fleck Luigi Tomasi RCHS – Newsletter, January 1999 1 Letter from the President, No. 1 and socio-economic developments are governed Why (still) History of Sociolo- by a system of laws. gy? This system of laws had to be found out, and the sciences morales promised to offer a clear view of such laws. With the application of quanti- tative research methods social science became to be regarded as a means for coming to grips by Dirk Kaesler with these most confusing and disturbing deve- lopments that changed the whole world. The u- It is with some pride that I gladly follow Igor sage of the term moral never was very precise Kon, Steven Lukes, Tom Bottomore, Kurt H. and varied from author to author. It never aimed Wolff and Lewis A. Coser in the office of Presi- at the development of new norms or morals but dent of the RCHS. Allow me to welcome you all rather tried to report and systematise social deve- with some words on my personal understanding lopments that could be observed. The data of of why we as sociologists deal with the history of moral statistics covered all human social actions, sociology, and why we should continue to do so. the term Moral was used synonymous with "soci- al". We are less than one year away from the year 2000. The world-system is in turmoil and in crisis. It was the Belgian Adolphe Quetelet (1796- The symbolism of 2000 matches the reality. So- 1874) who has been regarded as founder of the- ciology, some hundred years ago, set out to help se ideas to analyse social facts with the help of human beings to observe, understand, foresee, mathematical methods. According to him the u- and solve problems of their societies. Does socio- sage of science lay in the possibility of develo- logy still serve these aims? And what does dea- ping preventive practical-political measures that ling with the history of sociology, of all themes, had to be gained by the empirical study of social have anything to do with such aims? conditions. In 1835 the two volumes of his fa- mous Essai sur l'homme et le développement de In order to sketch some of my answers to the- ses facultés, ou Essai de Physique sociale was se question it might be helpful to distinguish the- published, a compendium of most of his quantita- se five questions: tive research on all kind of areas of social phe- th (1) What has become of the 19 century pro- nomena. With this Quetelet was searching for gramme of the sciences morales in relation to the "laws" that govern the whole of human societies. development of academic sociology since the He was not so much interested in individual be- turn of this (outgoing) century? haviour but rather in "typical" human behaviour. (2) Why has academic sociology distanced itself He was searching for general patterns that stood from its cause to contribute to a "moral improve- behind the fragmentary complexity of individual ment" of society? behaviour. Quetelet himself tried to reach a level (3) Should academic sociology reclaim the profile of high abstraction and therefore demanded the of a modern "moral science"? analysis of great numbers of cases. If there were laws in social reality, he argued, then the mathe- (4) What could be the agenda for sociological st matical calculation of statistical probabilities on intellectuals in the 21 century? the basis of the great number would be feasible. (5) Why is the sociological occupation with the hi- Looking back it can be said that Quetelet had story of sociology essential for the preservation of lost a sense of proportion in his strive for social the intellectual heritage of sociology? laws. Everything that seemed to show some sta- tistical regularity was treated as social law. Que- (1) Around the year 1850 the international scho- telet did not even search for plausible connecti- larly enterprise called sciences morales, Moral- ons between purely statistical phenomena and statistik, etc. - which meant not much more than social reality. The observation of statistical regu- the empirical research of manners of people, of larities did not proof any laws of human behaviour their mores - was one of the dominant paradig- because Quetelet did not have a theoretical fra- matic programmes in the formation of the social mework. sciences. This was the time when the contours of With the appearance of Auguste Comte's a modern industrialised and capitalistic economy (1798-1857) six volumes of his Cours de philoso- and society in most European and North Ameri- phie positive in 1839-42 which included the pro- can nations slowly became visible. To understand gramme of his sociologie a serious counter- these processes that stood behind these changes concept to Quetelet's concept of physique sociale became one of the major concerns not only of po- appeared on the scene. Comte also wanted to liticians and scholars, but also of ordinary people. research society from a natural scientific point of The success of the natural sciences during the view, against all metaphysical speculation and 19th century led to the assumption that historical 2 RCHS – Newsletter, January 1999 with a stronghold in the ideas of the Enlighten- a "Good Society" tried to understand these pro- ment. cesses of change and to find some adequate In many European nations a third develop- reactions to them. Regardless of whether such ment blurred this situation even further: the deve- adequate reaction was sought in secular republi- lopment and gradual institutionalisation of official can education, in social reforms or in the formula- statistics organised by state agencies. This deve- tion of sociology as a critical enterprise for an in- lopment which also took place as of the begin- tellectual understanding of modernity the basic ning of the 19th century became relevant for the task of scientific sociology was defined as to formation of academic sociology. Quetelet, after identify and diagnose those characteristics that having become the director of the Belgian Sta- were regarded as determining the "modern" sys- tistical Commission developed and marketed a tem of society. model for the organisation of state governed sta- It is part of our heritage in sociology that such tistics. In Germany, for example, several Statisti- enterprise, calling itself "sociology", began with sche Büros were founded and became the main Auguste Comte to whom we not only owe the organisations for the collection and publication of name of our discipline but also the legacy of so- a growing amount of statistical material. me central ideas that are relevant still today. In the case of Germany, it was the founding What then did this French philosopher and ma- figure of Ferdinand Tönnies (1855-1936) who thematician, the founder of "Positivism" and e- successfully fought for a pragmatic combination nemy of all metaphysics, have in mind with his of social statistics and academic sociology with project sociologie? his own concept of Demographie as his version First of all it was to adopt the model of the na- of empirical sociology. For him the pure collection tural sciences in their exploration of nature to the of quantitative social facts was nothing but a me- exploration of society and human beings in socie- thod of organising data without any analytical or ty. There was this strong, emphatic belief in theoretical value. Empirical social research for science and scholarship in Europe after the him was to combine quantitative data with French Revolution which is so hard for many of qualitative dimensions, to distil "living cognition", us to understand, not to mention to share, which lebende Erkenntnis, out of the "cemetery of num- stood at the cradle of Western sociology. Socio- bers" which he saw in the heaps of statistical ma- logy was there to scientifically research and un- terial of state official statistics. derstand humans, - like physics was there to ana- lyse and understand nature.