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Patrimoine Mondial Et Tourisme : Perspectives Europeenes

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Patrimoine Mondial Et Tourisme : Perspectives Europeenes PATRIMOINE MONDIAL ET TOURISME : PERSPECTIVES EUROPEENES Le Mont Saint-Michel © CC BY-SA 3.0 Actes de la 7e journée organisée par : La Chaire UNESCO « Culture, Tourisme, Développement » L’IREST et l’EIREST, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne Le Centre du Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO L’Association des Biens français inscrits au Patrimoine mondial ICOMOS-France Sous la direction de : Maria GRAVARI-BARBAS et Sébastien JACQUOT UNESCO, 14 DECEMBRE 2016 1 Actes de la 7e journée de la Chaire UNESCO organisée par : La Chaire UNESCO « Culture, Tourisme, Développement » L’IREST et l’EIREST, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne Le Centre du Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO L’Association des biens français inscrits au Patrimoine mondial ICOMOS-France 14 décembre 2016, UNESCO PREAMBULE Ce document est issu de la 7e journée organisée à l’UNESCO, par la Chaire UNESCO « Culture, Tourisme, développement » et le réseau UNITWIN-UNESCO, de l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, en collaboration avec le Centre du patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO, ICOMOS France, l’Association des Biens Français du Patrimoine mondial, 15 décembre 2015. 2010 : VILLES FRANÇAISES du PATRIMOINE MONDIAL ET TOURISME : PROTECTION, GESTION, VALORISATION 2011 : MESURE ET EVALUATION DU TOURISME SUR LES SITES DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL : QUESTIONNEMENTS ET OUTILS 2012 : PATRIMOINE MONDIAL ET GOUVERNANCE DES DESTINATIONS TOURISTIQUES 2013 : TOURISTES ET HABITANTS DANS LES SITES DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL 2014 : TOURISME ET DIVERSIFICATION ECONOMIQUE DANS LES SITES DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL 2015 : LES PAYSAGES CULTURELS VIVANTS AU DEFI DU TOURISME Les actes issus des séminaires 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 et 2015 ont été publiés par Maria Gravari-Barbas et Sébastien Jacquot et sont consultables sur le site de la Chaire UNESCO : https://www.univ-paris1.fr/ufr/institut-de-recherche-et-detudes-superieures-du-tourisme-homepage/chaire- unesco-culture-tourisme-developpement/publications/ Remerciements Nous souhaitons adresser nos remerciements aux partenaires du séminaire. Depuis plusieurs années une solide collaboration a été développée entre la Chaire et le réseau UNITWIN UNESCO « Culture, Tourisme, Développement », l’IREST, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, le centre du Patrimoine mondial, la Convention France UNESCO, ICOMOS France et l’Association des Biens Français du Patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO. Cette collaboration est particulièrement féconde pour la recherche et l’enseignement sur les questions relatives au Patrimoine mondial. Les étudiants du Master TOURISME de l’IREST profitent ainsi de ces rencontres, inscrites dans leur programme d’études. Ils participent également activement à la retranscription et à la rédaction des actes de ces journées. Leur contribution est essentielle pour la publication des documents de restitution de ces journées. Les chercheurs de la Chaire et du réseau UNESCO, « Culture, Tourisme, Développement », participent également très activement à la préparation et à l’organisation de cette journée. Plusieurs partenaires du réseau UNITWIN sont présents aujourd’hui. Qu’ils soient également très chaleureusement remerciés. 2 Sommaire I. OUVERTURES DE LA JOURNEE .... 4 Ouverture par Mme MECHTILD RöSSLER ............................................................................................ 4 Ouverture par M. GEORGES HADDAD ................................................................................................. 6 Ouverture par Mme CATHERINE COUTANT ........................................................................................ 8 Ouverture par Mme MICHELE PRATS .................................................................................................. 9 II. INTRODUCTION AU SEMINAIRE « PATRIMOINE MONDIAL ET TOURISME : PERSPECTIVES EUROPEENNES .................................................... 12 III. PREMIERE TABLE RONDE : MISE EN RESEAU DES SITES DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL DE L’UNESCO 18 Présentation du projet de création de Routes culturelles thématiques réunissant des sites du Patrimoine mondial européens ........................................................................................................... 19 National associations of world heritage properties in Europe. What approaches can be used to network with a view to developing tourism strategies? ..................................................................... 22 Les chemins de St Jacques de Compostelle « Synergie et gouvernance touristique des acteurs des chemins de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle » ...................................................................................... 36 DISCUSSION ................................ 45 Coordonnée par Bénédicte Selfslagh ................................................................................................. 45 IV. DEUXIEME TABLE RONDE : L’OUVERTURE DES SITES DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL EUROPEENS AU TOURISME INTERNATIONAL. DEFIS ET STRATEGIES 50 Challenges of Sustaining World Heritage Sites as Tourist Destinations: The Case of Industrial Heritage ................................................................................................................................................. 51 Le Mont-Saint-Michel, site iconique du tourisme culturel européen ................................................ 54 Tourism development of Gaudi sites .................................................................................................. 61 Le patrimoine de Le Corbusier à l’épreuve du tourisme .................................................................... 65 Tourism development and management for Venetian Villas ............................................................ 71 Challenges of sustaining World Heritage sites outside of major tourist destinations ..................... 79 DISCUSSION ................................ 84 V. CONCLUSION ........................... 91 Tables des acronymes ................. 93 Table des figures ......................... 94 3 Ouverture _____________________________ I. OUVERTURES DE LA JOURNEE Ouverture par Mme MECHTILD RöSSLER Mme Mechtild Rössler, Directrice de la Division du patrimoine et Directrice du Centre du patrimoine mondial Mechtild Rössler souhaite la bienvenue aux participants à l’Organisation des Nations-Unies pour la science, l’éducation et la culture (UNESCO), maison de dialogue, pour cette septième Journée de la Chaire UNESCO “Culture, Tourisme, Développement”. UNESCO appreciates the existing close collaboration with the UNESCO Chair “Culture, Tourism, Development” established in 1999 at the University of Paris I Pantheon-Sorbonne on what is now the seventh annual seminar on the important issues facing tourism and World Heritage. UNESCO is committed to strengthen its relationship with Chairs and encourages them to continue to focus on priorities set by the World Heritage Committee and to assist UNESCO, the World Heritage Centre, in its increasing work. The topic of the 14th December 2016’s seminar “World Heritage and Tourism - European Perspectives” is both timely and important as UNESCO looks toward implementing the recently adopted policy for the integration of a sustainable development perspective into the processes of the World Heritage Convention that has been adopted in November 2015 by the 192 states parts to the Heritage Convention. Widespread community participation in heritage activities across Europe and increased awareness of a common cultural and natural heritage have demonstrated the power of heritage in stimulating innovation, creativity, and small and medium size business creation. These trends are more and more reflected in the transnational tourism products offered by the tourism industry. Tourists’ trends indicate an increasing demand for authentic experiences where the tourist can experience other people and other cultures. Tourism policies will need to adapt to these trends and develop a quality offering promoting local cultures and religious traditions that include sustainable aspects such as preservation of the heritage, of the landscape and local culture. Cultural tourism is one of the largest and fastest-growing global tourism markets. Culture and creative industries are increasingly being used to promote destinations and enhance competitiveness and attractiveness. Many destinations are now actively developing their tangible and intangible cultural assets as a means of developing comparative advantages in an increasingly competitive tourism marketplace and in the face of increasing globalization. Cultural tourism products represent shared values and heritage. Through the World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Programme, UNESCO is advocating an approach that contributes to the overall visitor management and tourism planning. UNESCO provides policy guidance and strategies for site presentation and promotion based on best practice that takes a sustainable approach by involving both conservation and tourism stakeholders in the planning and management of destinations. The starting point of this Conference is, however, the preservation and safeguarding of heritage. UNESCO believes that it is possible to link heritage for the promotion of tourism that builds on the uniqueness and authenticity of destinations, of local knowledge, skills, and traditions, without turning them into a stereotype. Interpretation and how heritage is reflected in tourism to ensure authenticity and quality are paramount if we are to achieve this vision and prevent the Disneyfication of the destinations. The best safeguard against this is better tourism management and
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