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SO cenls 'S NEWSPAPER FOR UKRAINIAN STUDENTS W'a> 1. --.,"

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P's and B's meef / Ottawa Dana Boyko National Unity in the 80s

The Ukrainian Professional ethnic origin, are guaranteed. A argued that a provision for of Rights is a good document for Ukrainians, the Ukrainian and Business Federation Charter of Rights, therefore, minority language bilingual with regard to individual rights, Canadian community must take (UCPBF) held its biennial con- would aid in promoting mul- education including languages but terrible with respect to an active stance in the cause of vention in Ottawa's Skyline ticulturalism in Canada. other than English or French, group rights. Consequently, human rights for other ethnic Hotel over the Victoria Day In addition, Tarnopolsky where viable, should be en- "the Ukrainian community as a minorities in Canada. weekend. Hosted by the Ottawa argued that Ukrainians should trenched in the constitution. group should be against the Regarding the question of Ukrainian Professional and welcome section 23 of the Roman Herchuk from Van- whole exercise." guarantees for ethnocultural Business Association, the con- proposed constitution couver spoke about the human Walter Kolanitch spoke groups, Tarnopolsky asserted vention consisted of two parts: guaranteeing minority rights' situation in British about the situation in . that it is much easier to defend Saturday was devoted to a language education rights for Columbia. In essence, Herchuk The Ukrainian community in individual rights than group symposium entitled "National the French, wherever numbers stated, people lack knowledge consts of 22,000 peo- rights. The courts will not Unity in the 1980's", while the warrant, if the French- about human rights. This is due ple, 5,000 of whom are active continually enforce group national convention of the get these rights, it mainly to a flood of misinforma- participants in community rights and the most effective UCPBF took place on Sunday. will be easier to pressure the tion put forth by the -media, events. The community virtually way of promoting mul- columnists, exists on its own resources, Saturday's symposium individual prov n a I newspaper com- ticulturalism is to have section began with welcoming ad- governments to provide these munity leaders and schools. In with no provincial support. On 27 entrenched in the constitu- dresses from Walter Zyla, the rights to other minority British Columbia, the promo- the other hand, other minority tion. Quoting Gordon president of the host club and language groups. tion of human rights would have groups have approached the Fairweather, who stated that Laurence Decore, the president Regional perspectives on to begin with a campaign of Quebec government and have "the enemy of the good is of the federation. these questions were provided information. established bilingual schools. perfection," Tarnopolsky The keynote address for by a panel of five speakers from "Kitchener-Waterloo is an For example, the Greek and argued that have to look at the symposium was delivered various parts of the country. area that did suffer from dis- Lebanese communities have the matter of the Charter in by Walter Tarnopolsky, who First, Manoly Lupul from Ed- crimination during World War succeeded in setting up practical terms. We will have focused on the need for an monton spoke about the issue I," stated Robert Karpiak, the bilingual French/Greek or either this Charter or nothinq at entrenched Charter of Rights in of racism among Canadians of UCPBF representative of south- French/ Lebanese schools. all. the Canadian constitution. Tar- Ukrainian descent. Although western Ontario. In- fact, the These schools are producing a This panel discussion was nopolsky began with the earlier immigrations of discrimination at this time was new generation of Quebecois followed by a luncheon. Ontario prerrfise that everyone is talking Ukrainians to Canada en- so intense that the town of who are comfortable in French MPP Yuri Shymko delivered about unity; yet definitions of countered blatant prejudice, Berlin was renamed Kitchener. as well as their maternal greetings from Premier Bill unity differ greatly, depending many Canadians of Ukrainian This area has recovered well language. Consequently. Davis. Alberta MLA and on one's perceptions of the descent tend to exhibit this from this period of discrimina- Quebec will not be Minister of Consumer and Cor- community. For some, the at- same kind of racism against tion; in fact, the area now frightening to them. porate Affairs, Julian Koziak, taignment of unity would newer immigrants from other flaunts its German identity. The Walter Tarnopolsky, in delivered the keynote address; necessitate denying the cuitu ral ethnic groups. It is incumbent two-week long Oktoberfest replying to the panel's remarks, it consisted in essence, of heritage of some Canadians. upon Ukrainian Canadians, as festival is a prime example of stressed a number of points. On another provincial volley in the Tarnopolsky cited numerous a prominent ethnic minority this. As well, there is some the question of ethnic dis- endless federal-provincial con- examples throughout Canadian group, to assume a leading role interest in language retention crimination, he emphasized stitutional battle. history where discrimination on in the ffght against discrimina- and minority languages. A that unless Ukrainian The afternoon session the basis of ethnicity had taken tion of all ethnic groups. proposal to establish a mul- Oanadians stand up for the chaired by Professor Bohdan place. The implementation of a On the question of minority ticultural centre at the Universi- rights of others when they are full policy of multiculturalism, language education rights, ty of Waterloo is presently being being discriminated against, no maintains Tarnopolsky, will not Lupul disagreed with Tar- considered. one will take our problems (Unity cont'd page 11) be possible until the rightsof all nopolsky's position on the Jurij Darewych from seriously. In order to promote individuals, whatever their desirability of Section 23. Lupul Toronto argued that the Charter effectively the cause of rights

A. Vachnianyn's 19th century opera Boris Dmytrovych Kupalo Premieres in Edmonton "It's so unique and spec- dynamic directorship of "sponsor parties" — consisting tacular for the Ukrainian com- maestro Wolodomyr Kolesnyk of cocktail parties at the homes munity to try to stage in Dnipro's production of the of well-known figures in the something like this. I just had to opera. Ukrainian community. Other be a part of it." Kupalo is the work of well-known members of the Anatole Vachnianyn (1841- Ukrainian community were in- Kupalo, the 17th century 1908), who not only composed vited to these parties in the hope foikloric opera of romance, war the music for the opera but also that they would contribute and politics, was performed in wrote the libretto, generously towards the opera. Edmonton's Jubilee Auditorium demonstrating his versatility in The results speak for on June 18 and 19, for only the the process. Vachnianyn's themselves. All told, the seven third time in its history, A classic achievements in nineteenth parties raised $32,000. opera composed by Anotole centu ry weste rn U an Other fundraising activities Vachnianyn, Kupalo had society were nothing short of included a Kupalo fashion previously been staged at the legendary. He helped to found show, produced by the weli- Kharkiv State Theatre of Opera the Hromada and Sich student known Edmonton radio per- and Ballet in 1928 and in Toron- societies in Western Ukraine sonality Roman Onufrijchuk, as to in June 1979. and initiated the formation of and Kozaky, and of course an bearing his daughter. Maxim well as an Opera Ball and a Gala The Edmonton production the famous Prosvita society of unexpected twist of fate. adopted the child and named Celebration after the perfor- of Kupalo was initiated in the reading hails, cultural centres The opera beings as her Odarka. mance. Private donations late summer of 1980 by and libraries in Ukraine. Odarka (the village girl) falls in At this point, the Kozaky totalled in excess of $15,000 to members of the Dnipro Ensem- Prosvita had a huge impact on love with Stepan (the Kozak attack, led by Stepan. Following which Mr. Conway commented, ble, with the capable help of the first immigrants to Canada captain). Later, Odarka and the the battle, Odarka and Stepan "The Edmonton Ukrainian com- Wolodomyr Kolesnyk, former and the U.S., where it was other villagers are taken captive are reunited and Omar and munity has to be congratulated artistic director of the Kiev State among the first Ukrainian by the Tatary. Their leader, Maxim establish peace between for its extreme generosity. Opera. Orest Yusypchuk, the organizations established in the Omar, wants Odarka to be his themselves. Everyone sings to They've reacted very positive- Dnipro ensemble's president, New World. Vachnianyn's love since Odarka reminds him the young couple's happiness. ly." and Maria Dytyniak can be varied career also saw him of his long lost wife, Fatima. In The administrative end of When asked about the credited as the driving force organize and lead the first return for Odarka's love, Omar Kupalo was a massive task, but significance of Kupalo, Mr. behind the organization of the Ukrainian musical and choral promises to spare the other Gordon Conway handled the Conway stated that the opera opera; both worked countless society, Tor ban. He also captives. Odarka at first agrees difficulties with great skill as helped to raise the status of the hours to prepare Dnipro's more published Kobzar, a collection but later, after much delibera- head of the opera's ad- Ukrainian community from its than 100 singers for Kupalo. of four part choral works, and tion, rejects Omar's offer. ministrative committee. His previous inferior position. "It's Dnipro was joined by the established the singing society Furious, Omar orders Odarka special task was to organize the as good or better than any well-known soloists, Soyan baritone . However, without a beheaded. raising of the more than $200,- opera ever done here. 'We want Cornelius Opthof and soprano doubt, the masterpiece of Just as the execution is 000 needed for the two night to show that our culture is as Roxplana Roslak, in the starring Vachnianyn's career is his four- about to occur Maxim, Odarka's extravaganza. Admissions for good as any other." To prove his roles. In addition, mezzo act opera, Kupalo, which he father, begins to tell the story of the Thursday and Friday perfor- point, the administrative com- soprano Hanna Kolesnyk, tenor composed in 1892. Set in how he captured Omar's wife — mances accounted for only mittee worked countless hours Bohdan Chaplynsky and bass seventeenth-century Ukraine, Fatima — seventeen years $80,000 of this amount. To help during the ten months baritone Leonid Skirko com- Kupalo "features a classical earlier during a battle. Fatima make up the deficit. Mr. Conway preceeding Kupalo ensuring a pleted the cast of major prin- romance between a village girl was already pregnant with and the over 80 volunteers on successful response to the cipals. All combined their and a Kozak (Cossack), a war Omar's child when captured, his committee helped to opera from Edmonton's Ukrai- superb vocal talents under between the Tatary (Tartars) and she died in childbirth, organize a series of seven nian community. Inside: Vesna, Czech film and a new slant on Meister All signed letters of reasonable length which comply with Canadian libel and slander laws will be printed unedited (save for purposes of clarity) in this column. We will not print anonymous letters, but if for personal reasons contributors wish to There is no doubt that the staging of an opera on the scale of withhold their names or use a pseudonym, this can be arranged. In all cases, however, Kupalo (as Toronto did in 1979 and Edmonton, this June) is an we require both a genuine signature and a return address. accomplishment of which our Ukrainian-Canadian community in both centres can be deservedly proud. Both in terms of the quality author of production and the level of community participation, the Kupalo Pseudonymomania were similar. So. too, comprehensively analyze it. opera in Toronto and Edmonton was successful. The many hours was the graphic a tongue in Prof. Burstynsky is highly of preparation and rehearsal time put in by the performers, most of condemned cheek addition, by the Student respected as an expert in them on a voluntary basis, was remarkable. The efforts of staff. Since this was done in generative phonology. As such, community leaders at fund-raising and the generous response such a good humored way, it is he is right to consider every ? to from individual supporters was commendable. The organizers and hard see how anyone can kind of speech performance as participants of the opera have demonstrated that the Ukrainian- take offense, misconstrue a rewarding object of scientific Canadian community is fully capable of staging an event of the !, statements I made or give study. From this standpoint, same high calibre as one would expect from any other group in sinister overtones to 'traditional both the language acquisition . e society. Ukrainian' Canadian Some might conclude that Ukrainians in Canada graphics. I must process and the process of have arrived at their appointed destination: "We've come a long ! conclude that Ms. Bociurkiw's aphasia are equally interesting, .. , way" and "it's nice to be here." - letter is also tongue in cheek as both represent a linguistic But after all is said and done, what have the Ukrainian- , and has been cleverly foisted on reality. Likewise, pidgin Ukrai- Canadian communities in Toronto and Edmonton actually Student readers as a joke from nian and normative Ukrainian accomplished their with Kupalo operas? Was the enormous - the Student Collective. Come can both ' be considered as expense in staging the Kupalo production in Toronto (some , on now. No-one really takes performance by a linguist. $200,000) and Edmonton (an estimated $200,000') really , this seriously enough to bother There is, however, an ob- necessary? it is Perhaps understandable that after all of the - to condemn a work that they jective reason for the un- discrimination which the Ukrainian community has experienced in "". obviously haven't read, let alone orthodox statement by Prof. their ninety years in Canada, it would have developed an inferiority " misquote and malign the Burstynsky. It is in " , intent known that complex of the order requiring the staging of an elaborate opera . of the review. I can only con- the North American school of production to lend credence to its , upper middle class aspirations. ,, , clude that your token feminist linguistics, language is One of the aims in staging the opera has been, in fact, to legitimize , letter was a joke. Besides one traditionally separated from the the , , Ukrainian community's status in the eyes of the English- , - pulp-adventure novel can't do field of stylistics. Therefore, speaking elite in Canada. But really, does anyone believe that half as much damage to what Prof. Burstynsky mis- Ukrainian farmers " and working will - people now be able to counter ( "positive" Ukrainian role takenly labeled as 'snobbism in deprecating Ukrainian jokes with their very of - is own opera " ). models as the Church, KYK, language' just a higher seventeenth century East European romance, war and politics? and a dozen other authoritarian stylistic level of performance. Many might consider these sentiments blasphemous or, at , Ukrainian — organizations have Miy uklin chytacham least, in bad taste. But couldn't some of the funds from in last the , done the fifty years. So I Y. Harchun extravagant Kupalo productions in - Toronto and Edmonton have can only conclude that the letter Ottawa, Ont. been put to better use? It would be a sad reflection on the state of - in last issue was obviously a our Ukrainian-Canadian community if we were to admit that funds , parody in bad taste. Right?! generated from champagne fund-raising parties at the homes of Yours (still waiting for a prominent community members, as well as from opera balls, ? Red Sonya of the Ukraine) fashion Rukh and Roll shows and "champagne and strawberry galas" would not (-- Eugene Plawiuk be forthcoming for anything other than such an ostentatious - Edmonton, Alta. catharsis to our heritage ) as Kupalo. (It may be good opera, but Kupalo hardly reflects the Ukrainian historical experience during Dear Czar: the past three hundred years. Our history has been predominantly . Snobbish lingo Congrats to Sonia Maryn that of tillers of the soil, not romantic kozaky involved in wars and for interpreting the thoughts intrigues.) , and ideas of Petro Pyrih andthe Tn our community, we currently have many outstanding , Holubtsi; shame on the

projects which I cry out for large amounts of money to bring to , Only recently have learn- editor(s) for misinterpreting fruition. The Kupalo fund-raising drive in . ed from the report in your Edmonton has put a - Sonia Maryn. severe damper on attempts toobtaindonationsfor March 1981 issue that, during such projects as Let me tell you a short the Ukrainian Bookstore at Fort Edmonton Park, . "- the traditional Ukrainian week for which the , story. Once upon a time, there Ukrainian Canadian Committee is attempting to raise $100 at the University of Toronto. ' 000 bv ", was an editor named Vybach. the end of 1981. Professor Ed Burstynsky -, He was frequently critisized The same can said repeated his 'there is be for Ukrainian Social Services in thesis that (sic). The end. Edmonton, which has now been forced to close , no such thing as literary Ukrai- because of lack of Sonia's piece in May (oops, funds. And then there is the Canadian Foundation for nian.' Ukrainian ? I mean March!) Student was Studies. The Ukrainian Canadian Professional - As this statement could and Business exceptionally well Federation written with brought this Foundation into being in 1975 to support have a demoralizing impact on projects of high literary " and cultural value. Foremost amongst , - many students of Ukrainian as a (Letters cont'd page 10) these is the publication of the updated and revised four-volume second language, I shall try to encyclopaedia of Ukraine, now being prepared under the ". - editorship of the eminent Professor V. Kubijovic of Sarcelles Academy near Paris. In October 1979, a letter sent to members of the Business and Professional Federation stressed the high priority which this campaign should be given: , - The Federation does not haveagreatergoal atthistime . ... The , Foundation is essential for the future welfare of " the Ukrainian community not just in Canada but - wherever English is read or spoken ... There are many ". - STUDENT ETUDIANT things ... which only the Foundation can support The - alphabetical encyclopaedia of Ukraine is only the most WAMCUCOTO pressing amongst them. , - Please address ail correspondence to: The publishing of . . an encyclopaedia of Ukraine would make a - Student permanent contribution, a legacy for the future of "" «206.11751 -95 Street Ukrainian culture around the world. As for Kupalo. what has been achieved of Edmonton, Alberta lasting value for the hundreds of thousands of . Canada T5G 1M1 dollars spent Toronto and Edmonton? in We have had several evenings of pomp Phone (403) 474-1002 and splendour in two cities. Unfortunately, the Kupalo productions STUDENT is a national monthly newspaper for Ukrainian-Canadian are too large and too expensive to be taken on tour to other cities students, published by SUSK, the Ukrainian Canadian Students' across North America. Union. A community like Sonia still rides! ours cannot require people to give their Student is an open forum tor tact and opinion, reflecting the Interests money for projects which are of permanent value to the develop- ol Ukrainian-Canadian students on various topics — social, cultural, ment of Ukrainian culture in Canada. At the same time, there is only political and religious. so much money that one can realistically expect people to Dear Dido and Baba: voluntarily give towards Ukrainian The opinions and thoughts expressed in Individual signed articles community projects. It is time to In reply to the voracious consider priorities. are the responsibility of their authors, and not necessarily Couldn't the same money raised for Kupalo and vitroliclerterentitled, "Prin- those ol have the Student staff. Student s been used to establish a Ukrainian Arts Foundation to help cipled Opposition" from role Is to serve as a medium through one which discussion young performers develop excellence in thearts, music Marusia can be conducted on given issues from any point of dance and Bociurkiw, I can only theatre? view. say: You must be kidding. My But our community letters to the editor are welcome. We reserve the right to edit appears to prefer more ostentatious review of the pulp novel (pulp projects — witness the mate rials for, publication. numerous costly statues and sculptures refers to the quality of paper the across the country, monuments to Stall This issue: Darcla Antonishka, Jars the Ukrainian community's book is printed on, and not its Balan, MyroslawBodnaruk ability to celebrate its Danja Bojetchko, Dana past while needlessly ignoring its future. contents, which Marusia mis- Boyko, Mark Ferbey, Demjan Hohol, Zorjan Hromjak, Dave Lupul, Andrij Makuch, D.L. takenly refers to as syn- Nestor Makuch, Sonia Maryn, and Z.H. of the Student Collective yChu Peter onymous with 'trashy') ?' ,", Roman Oleksij, Polntdexter, Boris !? * Radio Andy Samoll, George Samofl, Scimitars over Ukraine, was Tm Peter Sochan, Paul "Te- (t el WeH soon) Pavl V,rskv meant to be tongue in ' ° B°hdan Zajcew. John- cheek, as V pL! »? }l ! - ypaul III and Professor Fasola. Page 2: STUDENT, June 1981 I suspect intentions of the Sorry, no subscription box this issue. See you in July......

Winnipeg Wrap-Up Taras Maluzynsky Regina

The University of Regina USC (Alpha Omega) On Friday, March 27th, the be held up at the luxurious has been heavily involved in Ukrainian Students' Club of Mischuk Gardens at the end of university politics Manitoba held its Annual April. — they've taken on the administration Meeting for all general Finally, the Annual Meeting in a fight against proposed cutbacks membership. Atthistime, under concluded with the election of in the Department of the flawless chairmanship of officers, who will serve on the Germanic and Slavic one, Marko Minenko. Executive USC Executive next academic Studies. As an austerity measure this year, reports were given for the past year, 1981-82. The overall the depart- ment offered academic year, 1980-81; all results are as follows: no Ukrainian courses during the points from President to 1. President: Hritz Maluzynsky day, scheduling Photographer were covered 2. Vice-President: Steve them all as night somehow or another! Current Doskotch classes. Not only was this perceived as a demotion in business included such con- 3. Cultural Rep.: Marijka Kopan the status of Slavic troversial issues as: the 1981 4. Social Reps.: Ernie studies at the university, but it Miss Kiev Competition, in which Matichuk/John Kozelko became very difficult to organize club ourown Nadia Dybaylo finished 5. Sports Co-ordinator: Gary ac- tivities around all of the night as second princess ... CON- Sliworsky courses. Alpha GRATULATIONS!; an USC of- 6. Secretary; Petrusia Kmet Omega members carried on this fice in University Centre for this 7. Treasurer: Donny Solman fight through sympathetic faculty fall; our world-renowned, yet 8. Newsletter Editors: Andrea members and student govern- elusive Box #51 in UMSU; the Hrycak/Bohdan Roslycky ment reps. As well, the club was many successes and heart- On a personal note, I wish involved in spreading informa- breaks of USC sports teams this everyone on the new Executive tion on the department cut- year (hooray for Donny and a pleasant summer and all the MANITOBA USC EXECUTIVE 1981-82 backs to all students of Ger- Shtef) and last, but not least, best in their endeavours next At the Annual Meeting held on March 27th, Manitoba USCers went to the poles manic and Slavic studies. our Year-End -Bee-Que to year. (ale) and elected e new slate of Executive officers Here are but a select few from that Illustrious group ol ten; they are: (Irem I. to r.) Hritz Maluzynsky - President, Steve Fortunately, all these efforts Doskotch - Vice-President, Ernie Matlchuk - Social rep, Gary Sliworsky, Sporls rep, proved fruitful — the depart- and seated, Petrusia Kmet' - Secretary. The masses wish them well. ' ment has agreed to offer daytime Ukrainian courses in 1981-1982.

In order to recover from all this hectic activity, the club is planning a group trip to Dauphin, Manitoba for the festival this summer.

Student Club Presidents Interviewed °° °

Over half of the Ukrainian The students' club at the lacks the appropriate reference students on their campuses. club's academic and sports ac Student Clubs (USCs) in SUSK University of Western Ontario books for such a course. Ryerson is a new club and York ti vi ties. have held their general elec- has planned its major events for Therefore, the students' club at has experienced somewhat of a USC presidents are looking tions and have chosen their the next year. An Oktoberfest is McGill will be raising funds to renaissance this year. Both towards increased communica- executives for the 1981-82 planned for (when else?) Oc- buy these books in order to their presidents emphasized the tion between clubs in the same academic year. The following tober and a club banquet for meet the preconditions outlined need for strong membership city. For example, the three clubs have elected new ex- March 6. 1982. Ukrainian Week by the administration. drives in September. Waterloo's clubs in Toronto (U of T, York, ecutives: McGill, headed by at the University of Western McMaster USC is planning president mentioned the and Ryerson) have plans to set Markian Dzerowycz, a political Ontario will be held from to celebrate its 25th anniversary possibility of holding a car rally up a "grand council" composed science student going into his February 15 to 19, 1982. in late October or November of at the beginning or end of the of representatives of all three is planning an second year; the University of McGill's USC 1981 . Another goal of the club is school year. U of T USC, ever clubs in order to coordinate Toronto, with president Danylo ambitious project: they are to have more social events, at a ambitious, intends to have an USC activities in the Toronto Bilak, a student of international going to try to start a Ukrainian less expensive cost to the "even bigger and better" yearof area. Similarly, the president of relations, entering his third course at the university. Ap- membership. The clubs at both activities. The aim at Toronto McGill USC indicated a desire year; York University, led by parently the McGill administra- Ryerson and York are in- this year will be to offer to coordinate more events with Tamara Ivanochko, a second- tion will not offer such a course terested in becoming more "something for everyone." This the Concordia club. year theatre major; Ryerson because their library system visible and known among will involve beefing up the Most interestingly, many of Polytechnical Institute, with the presidents mentioned Lydia Rechlitsky, a second-year possibilities of organized club fashion student, at thehelm;the activities which would be held University of Waterloo, headed in conjunction with non- SUSK Congress Registration Ukrainian students on campus. by president John Fuchs, a third-year student of Possibilities at York and Toron- to include intramural sports socioeconomics; the University This August, Toronto will Canadian society. some of the sights of downtown of activities with other clubs. Mc- Western Ontario, which be humming with activity as The sessions in the firsttwo Toronto. Master is considering a lec- elected Stacey Schmagala, a Ukrainian students from cam- days of the congress will ex- Sunday will be devoted ture/seminar on Chinese- student of administrative and puses across the country will be amine the present state of entirely to SUSK business. Ukrainian relations, which commercial studies, going into congregating at York University Ukrainian-Canadian society Besides electing a new ex- would hopefully attract third year; and the Manitoba for the 22nd Congress of the and discuss future trends and ecutive, delegates will pass students of political science Ukrainian Students' Associa- Ukrainian Canadian Students' directions of the Ukrainian constitutional amendments and and East Asian studies. tion, which decided to continue Union (SUSK) to be held from community in Canada. There resolutions setting the direction the Waterloo is contemplating a Maluzynsky dynasty, and August 27 to 30, 1981. will be sessions devoted to for SUSK activity for the follow- seminar series on topics of elected Taras' brother, Greg The theme of this year's various aspects of Ukrainian life ing year. After the congress, a Maluzynsky, general interest, which would as their new presi- congress is "Synthesis." The in Canada today: culture, group trip to Ontario's be open to the entire university dent. Due to a lack of quorum at year 1981 marks the 90th an- media, human rights, the fourt vacationland in Muskoka is community. Ryerson isthinking McMaster"s election, the acting niversary of Ukrainian settle- immigration, trips to Ukraine planned for those delegates president of the about holding afashion showof McMaster USC ment in Canada. In the past and Eastern Europe, the interested. ethnic costumes in conjunction is Natalie Demchuk, a third- ninety years, there have been leadership of our community, The cost of registration for with other ethnocultural stu- year student of statistics and three main "waves" of immigra- cooperation with other the congress is $50 in advance; dent groups on campus. This is computers; her election will be tion to Canada. Each one of ethnocultural student groups, after July 24. 1981 $60. The an encouraging sign, as local ratified at a meeting of the club immigrations had multiculturalism and the con- registration fee includes the these clubs are gearing themselves in the fall. Queen's University characteristics and stitution, language retention wine and cheese party, admis- different more toward the mainstream of USC has decided to split the encountered different and the Ukrainian-Canadian sion to the banquet and zabava, campus life. responsibilities of the office of experience in film. Noted and six meals. Residence ac- situations. As a result, the More general questions president between Greg Dolisz- descendants of these various speakers from across the coun- commodation is available at a were posed to the presidents in ny and Donna Kolyn (This immigrations have had diverse try have been invited to take reduced rate for students. order to gauge their opinions means that we'll have two experiences, providing a part in these sessions. Registration for individual their national union, representatives All about from Queen's at it is As well, there are social sessions will be available. myriad of concepts of what SUSK. Quite understandably, all of next year's SUSK con- to be Ukrainian. Also, events planned in orderto allow participants — delegates and SUSK's profile was much ferences, right?). differences exist because delegates to meet other observers — are welcome. For higher within those USCs that In order to assess what Ukrainians have settled in students from across the coun- further information and had been recently active in directions Ukrainian Student parts of the country try. The congress will begin registration forms contact: different SUSK. Three of the new Clubs may be taking in the next therefore, the with a Thursday night "Get Dana Boyko, c/o SUSK, 191 and reflect, presidents interviewed could year, I conducted informal regional differences among Acquainted" Wine and Cheese Lippmcott Street, Toronto, On- not name the SUSK president or interviews with seven of the Canadians in general. This Party. Friday night is set aside tario M5S 2P3 or call (416) 968- any SUSK events in the past newly-elected presidents. All of will examine to what for the congress banquet and 1599. Registration forms will congress year. However, all seven them displayed enthusiasm and extent the once separate Ukrai- zabava to be held at the also be available from local felt that there was a great nian and Canadian elements Etobicoke Olympium. On Ukrainian Student Club (Interviews cont'd potential for increased club have been incorporated into a Saturday night, delegates will presidents. page 10) activity in the next year. synthesis called Ukrainian- have an opportunity to take in J STUDENT, June 1981, Page 3 .

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Soviet Minorities Invasion? Writers' Congress, Polish Ukrainian Gain •Poles invade USSR! No, 'The Eighth Congress of periodical. Poet and translator ing a major contribution to the *A little-noticed remark by this is not just another of Al the Union of Writers of Ukraine Ivan Honcharenko went a bit culture and spiritual subsoil of Brezhnev at the twenty-sixth Haig's pipe dreams. It's the was held in Kiev 7-9 April 1981 further and deplored that all the Canada." He encouraged party congress may signal an truth: over four hundred Poles Coverage of the congress writers' union's periodicals — writers to mark the ninetieth important gain for national rode a "friendship train" into the appeared in Literaturna with one exception — have anniversary of Ukrainian settle- minorities in the USSR. USSR in mid-April. Activists of Ukraine. 7-24 April 1981. been frozen at the same press ment in Canada with films, Brezhnev stated that "there has the Polish-Soviet Friendship The congress re-elected run since 1976. That one excep- documentary novels and been a significant increase in Club, they stopped in Kiev, novelist Pavlo Zahrebelny as tion is Raduga, a Russian- literary-historical studies. the number of citizens of non- Moscow and Smolensk- ("Poizd first secretary of the writers' language literary journal in Thirty-eight-year-old prose indigenous nationalities in druzhby z ." Sil's'kivisti, 17 union. Ukraine. writer Volodymyr lavorivsky some republics. They have their April 1981, p. 3). As is well Since the seventh congress Poet Petro Perebyinis said: "A considerable part of the specific needs in such areas as known in Washington, met in 1976, the writers' union made some interesting points: Ukrainians live in Canada. language, culture and life "friendship" is the Warsaw-pact has grown from 922 to 1,099 "When a writer neglects the Among them are also honest style." He urged the relevant code word for armed interven- members. national form of his works, he people who are not mixed up in authorities to "look into these tion. Altogether 504 delegates wittingly or unwittingly also malicious political intrigue, questions more profoundly and were chosen to participate. Of compromises their socialist biological nationalism and an- propose ways of resolving these, 81 per cent were Ukrai- content." He regretted the ubi- tisocialist pathology .... We have them." Brezhnev's venture into Blue Collar Buros nian, 12 per cent Russian, 6 per quity of such "pseudopatriotic no right to forget about them." multiculturalism in the cent Jewish; only 9 per cent ditties" as the Russian song By contrast, Shevchenko republics seems primarily *ln an apparent response to were women. "Shiroka strana moia rodnaia. prize laureate Mykhailo designed to create suitable the Polish situation, the Soviet As expected, the issue of A striking difference of Stelmakh singled out Canada conditions for attracting non- authorities have made a radical establishing branches of the emphasis concerning for publishing "ninety Russian, particularly Central departure from past practice in writers' union in all twenty-five Ukrainians in Canada emerged nationalist periodicals." Ukrai- Asian, labour to Siberia and the "elections" to the party Burosof oblasts of Ukraine was raised at during the congress. Lviv poet nian nationalists in Canada Far East (in the Russian five border republics. For the the congress. Currently, only Roman Lubkivsky, who had just "cook up their Cain's concoc- republic). Ukrainians have long first time in at least twenty-five Ternopil, Rivne, Sumy and returned from a lecture tour at tion day and night." demanded cultural facilities to years, blue-collar workers have Korovohrad lack their own eight Canadian universities No other Ukrainian minori- serve the many Ukrainians been chosen to positionson the writers' organizations. (including Alberta), sounded ty sparked any discussion at the living outside their own republic chief policy-making bodies in Several writers pressed for enthusiastic about Ukrainian congress. within the USSR (almost six Latvia, , Azerbaijan. the establishment of more jour- Canadians: "The Ukrainian million in 1979). (Roman Armenia and Georgia. (Roman nals. In particular, there has toilers' emigration and the Solchanyk, "New Turn in Soviet Solchanyk, "Restless Soviet been a long campaign to better representatives of the Nationalities Policy," Sower Workers," New Leader, 6 April transform the alamanch intelligentsia of Ukrainian Analyst, 15 April 1981, pp. 4-5.) 1961, p. 3.) Suzir"ia into a regular origin have made and are mak-

Defense of Workers' Opposition Ukrainian Patriotic Movement Surfaces Last issue, Student printed an article concerning escape his lot receives the training of a professional the arrest of Vyacheslav Chornovil, the first in a three- thief. The so-called servants of the people — those part series of documents from the Ukrainian Patriotic engaged in creative fields and the free professions — Movement, written in Ukraine during The 1980. now constitute a category of especially deprived lollowing two articles reprinted below — Voice from "A villains and moral degenerates. General corruption, Ukraine" and the statement in defence of Vladimir trading in professions and positions that allow their Klebanov, a jailed Ukrainian trade union organizer — holders to make fortunes, a loss of all sense of civic represent significant statements concerning the state responsibility — these are some of the attributes of our of repression and exploitation in Soviet Ukraine today. so-called society, of this flock of torpid, solitary sheep The appearance ol the Ukrainian Patriotic Move- thronging about on the same patch of trampled pasture ment is an extremely important development in the in search of a pitiful existence. Everyone's motto is: dissident movement within the U.S.S.R. These apres moi, le deluge. statements issued by the Ukrainian Patriotic Movement In these conditions, the Soviet champions of are the first evidence of any grouping in Ukraine to justice, christened defenders of human rights by the directly link the national question — that is, the whom of the historical moment, are divided more than question of Ukraine's independence — to the social ever before in order not to appear too radical. Each of question, i.e. the division of economic and political them stands before a syndicate of well-organized power between the ruling Communist Party and the oppression. In vain he relies on the mildness of his working class of Ukraine. It is interesting to note that opposition to the authorities, in vain hides the appearance of these manifestoes — written he behind a facade of criticizing only individual shortcomings. A between January and June of 1980 — preceded the first diabolical vengeance awaits him, a vengeance major workers' strikes and protests in Poland last almost as terrible as that summer by several months. meted out to terrorists in 19th century Russia. But what can this dissident The names of members of the Ukrainian Patriotic do? He is, after all, alone. And a single soldier is not army. Movement have been withheld due to the current an This truism frightens away from dissident ranks millions judicial and extrajudicial practices in the U.S.S.R. (in upon millions particular, the unprecedented of people who comprehend the catastrophic and punitive sentences development as in the last century, has entered the age nature of the current situation. This situation meted out to Yuriy Badzio and Ukrainian Helsinki of Pobyedonostsev. is The time of Alexander III and the especially characteristic Group members , , of Ukraine, where the odious Sudeykin is upon us. traditional Vyacheslav Chornovil national disunity of the local population is and many others). In rounding up dissidents and placing them behind skillfully exploited by the punitive organs. Adeliberate- Reprinted from The Herald of Repression in barbed wire on some of the vilest false charges, the ly fragmented society, Ukraine, No. 7, 1980. even given the presence of inner government's only concern is to increase its gold forces that attract "losses," can never reach the energy reserve of human stock which can be used as currency potential required to release the forces of consolidation in the next round of talks with the West. The slave trade from the bondage of fear. It is only on the swelling wave in Soviet citizens, which dates back to Khrushchev's A VOICE FROM UKRAINE of these latter forces that positive social instincts, time, has -blossomed splendidly. Luis Corvalan was questions, proposals and programs could emerge in bought for Bukovsky; Soviet spies were purchased The object of the for direct response to everyday needs. The repressions government's greatest solicitude Kuznetsov, Ginzburg and Moroz; the Sakharov can be used that Ukraine has lived through in military-police complex of the USSR, is the last ten years have not to obtain more favorable conditions; and Jews serve as satiated. Swallowing lion's terrified the moderates, finished off the cowards up the share of the national payment for wheat, and cheap meat and butter, computers left courageous income and fattened on the state's ruthless exploitation and individuals on an empty staqe briahtlv essential technology. is - of The main thing to create lit by floodlights. toilers, this clan is now moving into a practical KGB conditions for prisoners of conscience will sphere. The events that force In conditions such as these in Afghanistan, the provocative the tender-hearted there is only one way attempts West to agree to such transactions out: proceeding from to profit by the Irano-American conflict and out the assumption that each of sympathy for these martyrs for freedom. individual the savage reprisals against dissidents is personally responsible for the fate of are evidence of Our so-called society, long since terminally the this. All are ill, is in whole , it is essential links in the same chain. The old myth about the throes to oppose the oppression of the of total decay. Ministers and night watchmen the rulers with a progressive nature of the Soviet model of socialism stand of civil disobedience. Let these has alike steal, both salesclerks and members of the be the actions been shattered. Hypocrisy is no longer necessary of individuals, the actions of small Department for Combatting Theft of Socialist Property groups. The extremely complex internal political Nonetheless, the rulers will be made to realize and economic and Profiteering (OBKhSS) make shady deals, problems that Brezhnev's market that we will not tolerate the existing government faces force it situation any to hawkers and journalists engage equally in resort to traditional tactics: speculation longer. We must not think that our purely kindling war hysteria and fairy tale writers and party personal civic exacerbating prophets lie to an identical stand is in vain. Each the political situation in the world in order new member of the movement for degree. Those engaged in intellectual endeavor to remove from the agenda the having social and national justice, each new prisoner introduction of any lost the right to call themselves of potential corrective measures the intelligentsia are conscience, each new repressed into the practice of occupied with the most complex individual becomes governing the country. problems of personal part of the large family of those The time has come for the survival who refuse to condone in the face of advancing poverty in the nation as the government to reveal its true Gulag-like countenance lawlessness that prevails today. Let the Soviet a whole. They are just as cynical as the Although this countenance is government camps and prisons fill with hideous, the regime is The new seekers of truth. strong Soviet worker earns 5-10 times less than his enough not to feel ashamed of it. Twentieth- counterpart in the century Russia, following West. Accustomed to deprivation the same course of historical the Soviet (Patriotic collective farmer in the process of trying to Movement cont'd page 10)

Page 4: STUDENT, June 1981 s

Kiev journal unearthed by Petro Tykhyi First Ukrainian Student Newspaper

Poles and Russians must accept Ukrainians Be a sincere brother in Christ, as equals, and it is up to Ukrainians to work out Respect every Slav — the principles of their own national existence. It Then the whole Ukraine was with this political message that the new Will be your friend. underground newspaper, Samostiine Siovo (In- dependent Word brought its ), to student readers Respect our customs when it made its appearance in Kiev in April of Our language 1861. — our Faith Don't say: "This land is Polish" The paper came out only four times: twice in Then we will believe you. the spring and twice in the following autumn. It was not printed but recopied by hand and can • In a world overrun with deceit, distrust and dissipate dishonesty, therefore it's be regarded as an example of early nice to know there are still some people willing to incur any Ukrainian samvydav literature. expense and Unfortunately, As the following trouble in order to help others — and without the not stanza clearly stated a single issue of the paper has ever been slightest regard for their own gain. Such a man is Toronto's Leonid Ukrainian cooperation with the Poles hinged on reproduced in full, even though it is known that Oleksiuk. Although a bit publicity shy after the eventful their dropping their claim to and much- there are at least the 1772 three issues housed in Soviet boundaries: talked-about ( in fact, still-talked about) "Rainbow Festival" which archives. Nor are there any comprehensive he staged two years ago, this legendary impressario-of-the-east studies of Ukrainian journalism in this period, has managed to overcome the modesty which had prevented him which would provide detailed analyses of this from displaying his true talents and has re-entered the Ukrainian But if rare and fascinating document. What we know you start to divide entrepreneurial scene with the kind of zeal normally reserved for a about it today comes from secondary sources: Ukraine along the Dnieper lawyer buying a new suit. passing quotations and comments in Soviet We will not live in peace — And all for Charity! His newest venture was a huge zabava, May literature. we then all perish! featuring Chicago's Promin, which was to have been held in Samostiine Slovo was brought out by the so- Toronto on 30 May. The proceeds were earmarked to pay the called Ukrainophiles or activists of the Ukrainian band for its appearance at the "Rainbow Festival" and for the losses national revival of the 1860s. In Kiev they it had suffered in attending that event. "It's all for those guys," said consisted mainly of students from the University Oleksiuk, explaining his motivation, "I just want to help them out." of St. Vladimir, the Theological Academy and His aid is all encompassing. As SUSK had inconsiderately several other institutions of higher and secon- scheduled a "Punk and Polka" zabava for the weekend before dary learning. Their loose organization was Promin's, Oleksiuk had no alternative but to tear down posters known as Hromada. Some Soviet scholars advertising the SUSK event in Toronto's Bloor West village. And believe that Samostiine Slovo was the when caught red-handed doing so by a SUSK executive member, mouthpiece of the more radical wing of the he had little time to explain the motivation and principles governing Ukrainophile movement; the moderates put out his behaviour and regretfully had to assault the outraged SUSKite, their own publication, known as the Hromadnyt- who otherwise may have obstructed his removal of any remaining sia (Communal Voice). Among Slovo' posters. collaborators were Anatolij Svydnytsky, a stu- Oleksiuk's magnanimity really knows no bounds, and often dent at the University of Kiev who was the author inspires others to assist him in his causes. A Ukrainian Opera Guild of inflammatory patriotic poems and the first representative obtained a liquor license for the zabava, since Ukrainian realist novel, Liuboratski (butchered Oleksiuk informed her that the bar proceeds would go to the by the censors in recent Soviet editions); Taras Ukrainian Festival Dance Company. Unfortunately, in his haste to Shevchenko's nephew Kalenyk, then taking help as many as humanly possible, Oleksiuk had failed to inform courses in land surveying; and the radical the U.F.D.C. of his intentions beforehand. The Opera Guild, Colonel Andrij Krasovsky, whose agitation impertinently assuming it had been deceived, cancelled the among the Ukrainian peasants and the soldiers of license. the Zhytomir regiment later brought him a death The community reared its ungrateful head. The Ukrainian sentence, commuted to exile in Siberia. Immigrant Aid Society refused an offer of $500 which it would Samostiine Slovo was not the only receive in return for obtaining a license for the zabava. And even newspaper put out by students in Ukraine during the Ukrainian Professional and Business Club, although initially this period, but it was the first one written in the cooperative, turned its back on Oleksiuk's mission and cancelled Ukrainian language. Two papers out of Kharkiv, the license he had implored them to provide. In the end, confused the satirical Snpits-Bube (1857) and the political as to why the seeds of his good will and hard work were falling on Svobodne Slovo (Free Word — 1858-59), as well barren ground, and without a license, Oleksiuk cancelled the as Kiev's Glasnost' (Publicity — 1859) and zabava the day before it was to occur. Three of Promin's members Hromadnytsia (1861) appeared in Russian, while heard this news after already having arrived in Toronto. the pro-Ukrainian khtopomany (peasant lovers) Ah well. Lonio. all is not lost. You will get your reward yet. In the of Polish cultural background composed their meantime, remember that in the end, "justice always triumphs." Publicista (Publicist — 1860) and Plebeus • The June 1981 edition of Beztaktnist, an unofficial (Plebian — 1860) in Polish. It was not until the samvydav satirical Pomyinytsia (Gutter — 1863-64) that the publication ostensibly emanating from a mole within the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian language was once more used in a Ukrainian Studies, recently included the following student publication. welcome piece of news, viz.: Taras "The Ukrainian Echo, The choice of language was in itself an Shevchenko: Self- Port rail, 1840 paper of the moderate centre (sic!), has indication of the importance attributed by the twice blasted the CIUS (Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies) newsletter in recent issues; first for inviting Polish researcher Dr. Slovo editors to the Ukrainian question. It was Pawel also a daring gesture since the editors sought a Korzec and, worse still, actually reporting what hesaidathis The demand that Russian and Polish op- dialogue not only with "ourown people," namely, lecture, and second, for awarding Ivan Jaworsky a grant to positionist movements recognize Ukrainians as a Ukrainian students (most of whom knewRussian translate 's KGB-processed memoirs into English. separate nation, and the populist-based national The and Polish better than Ukrianian), but also with CIUS, hotbed of subversion, has yet to respond. However, they movement as an independent partner in the "our Western and Eastern neighbors" — meaning are rumoured to be inviting a more acceptable speaker next month. struggle against the autocratic regime, became a the Poles and Russians. Thus, a double challenge As a conciliatory gesture, laroslav Stetsko (head of the Organiza- central theme in Ukrainian radical political tion of Ukrainian was issued by the publication: to Ukrainians to Nationalists — banderivtsi) will give a paper movements up to the Revolution of 1917. A entitled raise their nation to the level of their neighbors, "Get Them Out From Under the Bed and Shoot Them!" decade after Samostiine Slovo, a young Ukrai- and to their neighbors to accept the Ukrainians as nian Marxist named Serhij Podolynsky defended a separate nation with equal rights to national • Winnipeg Mother Scores: Daughter marries Edmonton doctor. the same principles before the centralist Russian existence. As the paper proclaimed, "Enough! Congratulations, Hania and Boris. revolutionaries: "In general." he wrote in 1875 to Enough trying to convert us to this or to that; his Lavrovist friend Smirnov, "if the relations enough treating us like a voiceless child • And talk about SUSK-Srudenr cooperation! Guess which former who between Ukrainophiles and the Great Russian needs a nanny, a guardian and every other type of Student editor and which former SUSK Executive member have radicals were very strained, then almost the only uninvited teacher." finally decided to make it legal. Congratulations, Nestor and Soma. cause for this was the refusal of the Great Russian Samostiine Slovo did not expect For further information, call (416) 363-9397, collect. much side to recognize the Ukrainian people as a sympathy from the Tsarist government: "We separate nation." The denial was either stated • Members of the Ukrainian the world have know that the government is no father to us ... community around np The bluntly or implied — as when Russian Russian government destroyed all the ancient doubt followed with great interest the well-publicized case of revolutionaries went to work among the Ukrai- rights of our people, crushed all its free thoughts, Volodymyr Polovchak, the now thirteen-and-a-half year old nian masses without bothering to learn the locked it in chains and defector who refuses to return to Soviet Ukraine with his mother now drains money and Ukrainian language. This, in Podolynsky's mind and father. His parents — had originally applied for and people [from Ukraine) for its own use ... who We know was not in the spirit of international socialism, for that the government surrendered our people to received refugee status from the U.S. government — had a change as he pointed out "if you began to deny the the gentry, introducing landlords not only where of heart and now want to go back to Ukraine, but have been denied existence of a separate Polish nation and began they had been planted by the Polish government permission to do so by the Soviet authorities until the difficult to conduct propaganda in in Poland a language custody case involving their son has been resolved by the [ Right-Bank Ukraine) , but even where no one had not understood by the Poles, your friendship with ever heard of landlords (Left-Sank American courts. As the situation presently stands. Volodymyr has and Steppe the Polish revolutionary Wroblewski would soon Ukraine]." The paper acknowledged, been granted political asylum, declared a ward of the state and be at an end." In terms of the debate over the however, that there were democratic elements assigned guardians to live with. He visits with his parents on a creation of a separate Ukrainian socialist party, weekly basis while awaiting his next court appearance in early among the Russians who were "strong in deed he argued only a Russian chauvinist could November. Like his older sister Natalia, has also and honest in thought." And it was to these who chosen to question its need. Podolynsky then invited the people, who could be approached "as brothers remain Stateside — but is of legal age and therefore clear of all the Russians to pose the question to Marx, Lissagare for they too behaved as brothers and not as legal hassles — Volodymyr is said to be adjusting well to life in the and Polish and Serbian socialists. undesired nannies," that Samostiine Slovo New World despite the international tug-of-war being conducted made When the history of the 19th Century its plea for understanding and cooperation. over him. He seems determined to stay even though the American Ukrainian student movement will finally be Civil in Equally unambiguous was its message to the Liberties Union has sided with his parents the custody case written, a choice spot will be rightfully reserved (there are indications, however, that Liberties Poles: it supported the Poles' quest for political the Civil Union may for the role played by student journalism. independence and responded favourably to their change its stand once Volodymyr turns fourteen). In addition, a Ukrainian students today can look back with a overtures for a concerted struggle for national petition campaign has been launched in the U.S.S.R., to protest the certain amount of pride and satisfaction at the liberation. 'kidnapping' of the reluctant Soviet citizen. If you would like to help But Ukrainians demanded an equal first Ukrainian-language student newspaper, legal partnership in the project, spelling out in a verse out with Volodymyr's and other expenses, send a cheque or appropriately titled. "The Independent Word." It titled "First Word to the Poles" (attributed to money order to the Volodymyr Polovchak Legal Fund, c/o Security was a worthy ancestor of the succeeding Krasovsky) the conditions of mutual struggle: Service Savings Bank, 936 Northwestern Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, generations of Ukrainian student publications. USA, 60622.

STUDENT, June 1981, Page 5 " " "

The "Politics of Othernes

— French and Serbian (Yugoslav), Roman Catholic, from The following quotes were taken from the responses of — Norwegian, but mother's grandfather was Pennyslvania-Dutch Marcetln "In Canada there is definitely a hierarchy present students to a question on an anthropology examination at the Evangelist. among ethnic an roups. The order is: English; French; Immigrants University of Saskatchewan. The examination question asked "Although Canada is made up of many cultures, it has to have f from the rest of urope; Immigrents from Asia and Africa; and Indians . them to comment upon excerpts from George Melnyk's classic identity, a culture, of its own. Canadians have to be true Canadians Since white, Norwegian or Polish, English) in culture includes language, how can Canada be article, "The Politics of Otherness, " reprinted here in Student, The (not black or French or multicultural intellectual without being multilingual? I took franch In grades responses of the Saskatchewan students were highly interesting, order to discard the imperial baggage." 7, 8, and 9, but it was treated as almost a leisure class — in that many reflected both the growing acceptance of cultural unimportant No other language was even taught at the school. Surely diversity as a fact in Canadian society as well as a consciousness of this indicates the priority English is given (even in such the continued sense of "otherness" which pervades ethnicity. The — Mennonlte a non-English community as I indigenous Marcelin) and the neglect of other languages ethnic hierarchy is still very much a part of Canadian society, but "The only true Canadians, by which mean people, are and cultures .. The presence of the Ku Klux Klan in many Canadians today feel that the time has come to make Canada the native Indians, and they are treated as the outsiders. This is Saskatchewan indicates that Canadians do nto always have high regard for a land where, in George Melnyk's words, everyone can "feel at evident whenever you pass a reserve, and whenever an Indian ethnic groups other than English ... In Canada home. walks into a dominantly white, posh restaurant. Unless the Indian something must be done to lift ethnic an Indian, holidays and traditions above quaint customs." Student would like to thank Professor Zenon Pohorecky of the does not dress like an Indian, does not act like and/or like the recipient of University of Saskatchewan for allowing us to print these excerpts does not speak an Indian, he is often side-long

' a general feeling of from his students exams as well as to Andrij Makuch for calling our glances, slow service, rude remarks, or disassociation." attention to them. The identity of each student has been protected — Norwegian Lutheran by deleting their names from each excerpt. "Surely the duty of Canadians, especially those with ethnic origins — Mennonite from Drake, Saskatchewan other than British or French, is to receive all ethnic groups as being "There have been strong influences of European imperialism, for equally Canadian, each with something different to contribute to example... Historically, Canadian immigration has encouraged the mosaic of Canadian culture. If ethnic groups are onfy willing to British people to come, with less encouragement to Eastern Basically, ethnicity is an awareness of otherness. In the struggle until their own right to keeping ethnic traditions is Europeans, and no encouragement to Asians ... Ku Klux Klan in Canadian context, it has two seemingly contradictory roots. established, and thereafter they join the side of the anti-ethnics, Saskatchewan in the 20's wanted to keep the race pure, wanted The first is a consciousness created from outside ethnicity against any new ethnic forces, the rights of ethnicity and only whites, British if possible ... In the prairies School Acts were by those who consider themselves non-ethnic and who need multiculturalism will never be equated with being truly Canadian. A passed in 1916 and 1919, making English the only language used in "the other" to support their sense of superiority and country such as Canada, which has such wide possibilities and schools ... Feelings of hostility were generated against Germans opportunities for a rich variety of multiculturalism, exclusiveness. For them the other is not only different but should not allow and East Europeans during WWI; these people repressed their itself to disintegrate into factions also inferior. The second consciousness comes from within and tightly closed units, because culture during this time so as not to be noticed... Yes, I think that we people cannot learn to accept one another's basic rights to live ethnicity and is a demand by ethnics for otherness that all need to learn to rejoice in our own ethnicity, but also to rejoice in their own way of life. Co-operation, especially between ethnic creates a hierarchy of identity, the ethnicity all; human second is a the of we need to find a unity in our diversity. If groups, is the only in way which the prosepct of 'One Canada ' will struggle for equality. multiculturalism is only a nice way ol talking about inequality, then ever be achieved — a Canada made up of a variety of cultural it isn't enough. We need to become tolerant of each other in Historically, the first consciousness is an outgrowth of ways traditions surviving harmoniously within one nation." European Imperialism. Therefore, a part of ethnicity's beyond dress, food, art, etc. We must accept differences in how we raise children, in how we look after our old people, in we cultural pedigree is that imperialism s intellectual baggage, how want our children educated, if we are to be truly multicultural. I think we which includes such terms as "race," "primitive," "native," — English and Scottish are slowly learning this. Recently I a program of a Girl's attended "One thing which I and "savage." The second consciousness is an outgrowth of feel contributes a great deal to ethnicity is the Club in a Mennonite Church. A Ukrainian girl was a member of the Mosaic which is held annually in Regina ... Each one is European nationalism, where ethnology was a tool of Club promoting and did a Ukrainian dance. It was very pleasurable lor all of their culture by wearing their native national self-determination. The two interconnected yet dress, serving their specialty in us." the area of food, dancing their native dances, etc. Each year it opposing streams of meaning clashed in the West with the brings out thousands of spectators and really opens everyone's arrival of the first non-English-speaking immigrants. eyes not only to the characteristics of the different cultures but to The hyphenated Canadian accepts the dominant the fact that yes, all these ethnic groups are present in Regina — an definition of Canadian society. He accepts the fact that awareness of each other." ethnicity is only a minority force ... The fact that the ethnics try to be number three is indicative of the low state of multiculturalism ... The task of the ethnic is to stop being the — East Indian other ... "The East Indian community in Saskatchewan has fought for their Rather than be the voice of oppressed minorities, rights and have rebelled against the extreme prejudice shown against them. By forming societies and verbalizing their views, they ethnicity must become the voice of the majority ... It must, have achieved identity as Canadian citizens. The government stop being a force for preservation and become a force for provides the society with grants to pursue educational and cultural liberation. The present burden of otherness will disappear endeavors and to practice their own religion. The East Indian only when the ethnic finally comes to feel at home in this people open their doors to all those interested in joining them in land and " he can only do that when ethnicity becomes an celebration and in this way have begun to feel at home in this land. identity for all ... The historic task of ethnicity is to reject the legacy of Sitton and embrace the promise of Riel.

— Swedish from Dauphin, educated Excerpts from George Melnyk, "The Politics of in Bible Colleges. Father had German upbringing. Otherness," in John W. Chalmers, editor, The "The myth perpetuated by Wasps is that being is Alberta Diamond Jubilee Anthology. Edmonton; ethnic inferior, and only people whose mother-tongue is not English, are ethnic. Hurtig Publishers. 1979. 302-305. pp. This need for ego-boosting and feelings of superiority has long been in evidence ... They are quick to call Eastern and Central Europeans immigrants, but somehow are also quick to forget that

they themselves are immigrants to Canada ... Unfounded bigotry and prejudice are particularly strong towards people whose skin happens to be a different shade than the Anglo-Saxon's ... During World War II my father was despised and labelled a Nazi by his — identities with Ukrainians. Father s mother was Polish, and his schoolmates in rural Manitoba, because he had a German heritage. father was Austrian. Mother's mother was English, from Alberta, Clifford Sifton, Sir Minister of Immigration, 1896-1905 The British children who did the name-calling felt and her father was Norwegian, from Montana. and superior were, of course, ignorant of the fact that my father's father had "Outside ethnicity refers to a body of bigots. This is not ethnicity; it helped many immigrants (including British ones) settle in and is the exposure of prejudice. While this attitude exists, the within — Ukrainian Catholic around Regina in the 1920's, and speaking seven languages, was ethnicity attitude is but a defensive or instinctive reaction of the "Many of the immigrants who did arrive found North America a better educated than virtually any of the British in the community ... designated scapegoat ... To pinpoint it on this campus, foreign disappointing place to to. If take II people are to come to a full recognition of their equality students are looked down upon from many points of view — either come we a look at the Ukrainians, and they were on their way to Canada with the thoughts and feelings value, then they must preserve their ethnic roots, which give them by skin color or even accent ... It you ever visit the Dauphin that the streets were paved with gold that identity and a sense of direction." Ukrainian Festival in Manitoba, you are exposed to both the desire and they would come to for warm homes. However, first impressions were most devastating. equality and genuine pride in their ethnicity lor its own sake ... It They found seems that today the trends are to develop one's ethnic roots rather that they were forced on settlements and that they could not be near their relatives. The first thing than submit to a fabricated one... An attempt to identify a Canadian they wanted to do — Ukrainian Greek Orthodox mother and Norwegian father ethnic is was to go back to their mother country. However, the immigrants not possible. We are, in this regard, special. As Aristotle "As a part-Ukrainian, I have seen the Wasp putdown of the were here to stay ... We must for would have said, we should retain our diversity, but learn to show something what the Ukrainian culture in the omnipresent Ukrainian joke. This is a immigrants set the mold for. We cannot let our immigrants harmonize it... At the risk ol using a communist ligure, Alexandra down by putdown of the Ukrainian people by a larger group who resent the ignoring or letting die Kollontai, f our traditions and cultures. We as Canadians point out the ability of an individual who was in the Ukrainians' adherence to their heritage as Ukrainians. I have also must realize that we have yet very position to exploit a superior position, but chose to liberate important jobs to fulfill." experienced the pride of the Ukrainians and have seen the part they oppressed minorities (actually the oppressed majority). Her have had in this land's development. I -have also seen their opinion philosophy was to allow people to be free from prejudice. However, of the right of other cultures to their differences as long as these do — Scottish and English from Moose Jaw to her disappointment, the Soviet government policy changed from not conflict with their culture. They accept the cultural rights of its original Utopian philosophy." "Immigrants had neither time nor energy for worrying about others while at the same time they wish to adhere to their own. I ethnics. They were busy trying to make a living. Most of these non- have also seen a drift by some Ukrainians towards a state of English speaking immigrants remained in rural areas and in sameness. Many young Ukrainians (myself included) are not communities where the mother tongue was spoken. English- getting the full benefit of the Ukrainian language and customs by speaking people were in the cities... Nobody is oppressed because intermarriage of the Ukrainian parent with a parent whose culture of ethnicity. In Canada there is freedom of religion and speech ... I is of a predominantly Wasp origin. Thus the importance of the — English think ethnic groups feel at home in this land, especially they when Ukrainian is diffused by the family relationship of the Wasp father "/ leel that I are allowed to am a non-ethnic. Although I consider mysell a celebrate their own festive seasons in their own non- and the anglicized Ukrainian mother. It is now only through the ethnic, I do not share the consciousness created from outside way. grandmother that I personally have contact with the Ukrainian ethnicity. To erase the burden of otherness, there must be changes culture, and because ol a kind of cultural apathy common in my in the consciousness of those who consider themselves ethnic and those generation I am not absorbing my Ukrainian legacy, and am who do not. I applaud the desire from within ethnicity to — Swedish Lutheran, with some Welsh and Irish ancestry satisfied with the English language and its attendant cultural remain different. The ethnic groups should not be forced by non- "// ethnic groups want to become recognized, they will have to start Ideas. ethnic pressures to behave in a non-ethnic fashion The ethnic doing more fighting back. They 'll have to do more sticking up for groups do have a right to demand equality. The ethnic con- their rights that they are just as eligible sciousness should to enjoy them as anybody have one goal, the struggle for equality. The else in Canada. They must come all together and start feeling like — English, Irish Scottish mam problem with ethnicity is that non-ethnic and background, married to a German. awareness contains one of us instead of feeling like the other. There are lots of ethnic the idea ol ethnics as being "At the top are a small, elite, dominant group, who look down their inferior. I feel that the non-ethnic groups and they have got to get together and try to speak out as a noses at everyone else. They feel that they are superior, since they people should be able to think of ethnics as just different and not majority, because there are enough of if inferior. them that, they started hold high offices, when in fact the only reason they are usually Once this happens, I feel that the burden of " otherness will fighting back, they would be recognized as a majority, and the become no longer a burden. there is because of money. These people are usually white. This is people of Canada would have to start listening to them." especially evident when we look at the House of Commons."

Page 6: STUDENT, June 1981 " " " "

Andrij Makuch therness" Examined Zenon Pohorecky ugotlav), Roman Catholic, from Marcelin — Norwegian from Rat Portage, Ontario Utely a hierarchy present among ethnic "British imperielism (like that of America today) has been based on lish; French; Immigrants from the lack rest of greed and of respect for others ... When the British defeated > Asia and Africa; and Indians ... Since the French on the Plains of Abraham, they allowed the French to ?e, how can Canada be multicultural retain many of their own rights, such as religion, language and I? I took french in grades /udicial 7, 8, and 9, but it system, but it was made quite clear that they were to be leisure class — British unimportant. No other subjects ... After 1867, Manitoba became a carbon copy of •t at the school. Surely this indicates the Ontario, because British settlers from Ontario brought with them ven in such a their non-English community as British values and ideas. Again there was no thought given to f of other languages Metis rights; and cultures ... The in fact, they were pushed over into Saskatchewan A Klan < in Saskatchewan Indicates that Ukrainian family who immigrated here found out that their son was have high regard for ethnic groups other always getting into fights with the school boys. Every time he'd a something must be done to lift ethnic fight, his dad would whip him. One day the dad realized that the boy ?ove quaint customs." was being teased about his origins (eating bologna, his funny name, etc.). His dad told the boy that it was better for him to eat poorly than to cheat, steal, and only try to attain wealth ... The British are also an , and what makes their qroup better than mine? Nothing!" ians, especially those with ethnic origins ih, is to receive all ethnic groups as being // something different to contribute to jlture. If ethnic groups are only willing to right to keeping ethnic traditions is 9 they join the side of the anti-ethnics,

: forces, f/ie rights of ethnicity and rbe equated with being truly Canadian. A which has such wide possibilities and iety of multicuituralism, should not allow actions and tightly closed units, because ccept one another's basic rights to live o-operation, especially between ethnic which the prosepct of 'One Canada ' will inada made up of a variety of cultural miously within one nation." Gabriel Dumont, "prince ol the prairie," whose word was law on the plains, ended up In a Wild West show.

— Plains Cree mtributes a great deal to ethnicity is the "Let's consider the imperialist as an intruder, and the aborigines of ually in Regina ... Each one is promoting the country native ... For the intruder, wir native dress, serving their specialty in as whose background and heritage are filled by heroic men and deeds, a proud sense of g their native dances, etc. Each year it spectators and really opens everyone's oneself, a sense of belonging, a sense of nationalism is evident. This is the of imperialism, maybe weak at first, but time \cteristics of the different cultures but to spark as rolls on, the spark grows brighter the intruder's country acquires ethnic groups are present in Regina — an as more land or resources ... In this respect, ethnicity becomes a word

that means acquisition ... In the native sense, ethnicity means sharing whenever possible, and, in his sense, means that resources are on loan to the native and he does not own them, hence leels an obligation for his fellow to nature's bounty. When the Yity in Saskatchewan has lought for their man share against the extreme prejudice shown intruder and the native met. naturally there was a conflict ol is the other friendly ... The intruder societies and verbalizing their views, they ethnicity. One aggressive, believes he is superior and the native is inferior, while the native