TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Contributors ix

Introduction 1 SABINE SCHMIDTKE

PARTI ISLAMIC THEOLOG(IES) DURING THE FORMATIVE AND THE EARLY MIDDLE PERIOD

1. Origins of Kaldm 27 ALEXANDER TREIGER

2. The Early Qadariyya 44 STEVEN C. JUDD

3. Jahm b. Safwan (d. 128/745-6) and the 'Jahmiyya' and Dirar b. cAmr (d. 200/815) 55 CORNELIA SCHOCK

4- Early Shu 81 MOHAMMAD AMIR-MOEZZI

5- Excursus I: Christian Theological Thought during the First cAbbasid Century 91 SIDNEY H. GRIFFITH

6. Excursus II: Ungodly Cosmologies 103 PATRICIA CRONE

7. The Muctazilite Movement (I): The Origins of the Mu'tazila 130 RACHA EL-OMARI

8. The Mu'tazilite Movement (II): The Early Muctazilites 142 DAVID BENNETT

9- The Mu'tazilite Movement (III): The Scholastic Phase 159 SABINE SCHMIDTKE VI CONTENTS

10. Trie Shu Reception of Muctazilism (I): Zaydis 181 HASSAN ANSARI

11. The Shi'i Reception of Mu'tazilism (II): Shicis 196 HASSAN ANSARI AND SABINE SCHMIDTKE

12. The Predecessors of Ash'arism: , al-Muhasibi and al-Qalanisi 215 HARITH BIN RAMLI

13. Between Cordoba and Nisabur: The Emergence and Consolidation of Ash'arism (Fourth-Fifth/Tenth-Eleventh Century) 225 JAN THIELE

14. Early Ibadi Theology 242 WlLFERD MADELUNG

15. 252 ARON ZYSOW

16. Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology 263 BlNYAMIN ABRAHAMOV

17. Theological Tradition and Maturidism 280 ULRICH RUDOLPH

18. Philosophical Theology 297 PETER ADAMSON

19. Isma'ili Theology 313 DANIEL DE SMET

20. Sufi Theological Thought 325 MARTIN NGUYEN

PART II INTELLECTUAL INTERACTIONS OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGY(IES) —FOUR CASE STUDIES

21. Occasionalism 347 ULRICH RUDOLPH

22. Abu Hashim al-Jubba'is (d. 321/933) Theory of'States' (ahwdl) and its Adaption by Ashcarite Theologians 364 JAN THIELE CONTENTS Vli

23. Theories of Ethical Value in : A New Interpretation 384 AYMAN SHIHADEH

24. Theology and Logic 408 KHALED EL-ROUAYHEB

PART III ISLAMIC THEOLOGY(IES) DURING THE LATER MIDDLE AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD

25. Theology Engages With Avicennan Philosophy: al-Ghazalis Tahdfut al-faldsifa and Ibn al-Malahimi's Tuhfat al-mutakalliminfil-radd 'aid l-falasifa 435 FRANK GRIFFEL

26. Twelver Shici Theology 456 REZA POURJAVADY AND SABINE SCHMIDTKE

27. Zaydi Theology in Yemen 473 HASSAN ANSARI, SABINE SCHMIDTKE, AND JAN THIELE

28. Handbooks in the Tradition of Later Eastern Ash'arism 494 HEIDRUNEICHNER

29. Later Ash'arism in the Islamic West 515 DELFINA SERRANO RUANO

30. Egypt and the Later Ash'arite School 534 AARON SPEVACK

31. Excursus III: The Coptic and Syriac Receptions of Neo-Ash'arite Theology 547 GREGOR SCHWARB

32. Theology in the Ottoman Lands 567 M. SAIT OZERVARLI

33- Theology in Central Asia 587 NATHAN SPANNAUS

34- Theology in the Indian Subcontinent 606 ASAD Q. AHMED AND REZA POURJAVADY Vlll CONTENTS

35. Hanball Theology 625 JON HOOVER

PART IV POLITICAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT ON THEOLOGY- FOUR CASE STUDIES

36. al-Ma'mun (r. 198/813-218/833) and the 649 NlMROD HURVITZ

37. The Mihna of Ibn cAqil (d. 513/1119) and the Fitnat Ibn al-Qushayri (d. 514/1120) 660 LlVNAT HOLTZMAN

38. The Religious Policy of the Almohads 679 MARIBEL FIERRO

39. Interpretations of Ash'arism and Maturldism in Mamluk and Ottoman Times 693 LUTZ BERGER

PART V ISLAMIC THEOLOGICAL THOUGHT FROM THE END OF THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD TO THE MODERN PERIOD

40. Main Trends of Islamic Theological Thought from the Late Nineteenth Century to Present Times 707 ROTRAUD WlELANDT

41. Striving for a New Exegesis of the Qur3an 765 JOHANNA PINK

Index 793