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Scholastic Theology (Kalam)
Scholastic Theology (Kalam) Author : Ayatollah Murtadha Mutahhari Introduction Foreword Lesson one : Scholastic Theology Lesson two : Scholastic theology, a definition Lesson three : The Mu'tazilites (1) Lesson four : The Mu'tazilites (2) Lesson five : The Mu'tazilites (3) Lesson six : The Ash'arites Lesson seven : The Shia (1) Lesson eight : The Shia (2) Introduction The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. For sometime now, we have been looking at giving the up and coming generation the attention that they deserve. Our aim is to make available to them the sort of things and literature that they identify with and like in different languages, amongst which is English. It is an undeniable fact that English has become the primary language of communication between Presented by http://www.alhassanain.com & http://www.islamicblessings.com our second generations living here in the West. Accordingly, the Alul Bayt (a.s.) Foundation for Reviving the Heritage, London, U.K. has recognised the need for setting up a publishing house whose duty it is to translate the gems of our religious and cultural heritage to the main living languages. After discussing the idea with Hujjatul Islam as‐Sayyid Jawad ash‐ Shahristani, the establishment of Dar Al‐Hadi in London, U.K. has become a reality. It is a known fact that many members of our younger generation aspire to become acquainted with and/or study the different disciplines taught in the conventional centres of religious learning and scholarship. -
Ideological Background of Rationality in Islam
31 Al-Hikmat Volume 28 (2008), pp. 31-56 THE IDEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF RATIONALITY IN ISLAM MALIK MUHAMMAD TARIQ* Abstract. Islam the religion of Muslims, founded on Qu’rānic revelations transmitted through the Prophet Muhammad (570-632 AD). The Arabic roots slm, convey the ideas of safety, obedience, submission, commitment, and dedication. The word Islam signifies the self-surrender to Allah that characterizes a Muslim’s relation- ship with God. Islamic tradition records that in 610 and 632 CE Prophet Muhammad began to receive revelations from God through the mediation of Angel Gabriel. The revelations were memorized and recorded word by word, and are today found in Arabic text of the Qur’ān in the precisely the manner God intended.1 The community, working on the basis of pieces of text written ‘on palm leaves or flat stones or in the heart of men’, compiled the text some thirty years after the death of Prophet Muhammad.2 All the Muslims assert unequivocally the divine authorship of the Qur’ān, Muhammad is but the messenger through which it was revealed. Theoretically, the Qur’ān is the primary source of guidance in the Islamic community (Ummah). The Qur’ān text does not, however, provide solutions for every specific problem that might arise. To determine norm of practice, Muslims turned to the lives of Prophet Muhammad and his early companions, preserved in Sunnah, the living tradition of the community. Originally the practicing of Sunnah varied from place to place, reflecting the pre-Islamic local customs of particular region. By the 9th century, however, the diversity evident in local traditions was branded as an innovation (bid’a). -
Online Islamic Da'wah Narratives in the UK: the Case of Iera
Online Islamic Da'wah Narratives in the UK: The Case of iERA by MIRA A. BAZ A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Religion and Theology College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham September 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis is an in-depth study into two of the UK charity iERA's da'wah narratives: the Qura'nic embryology 'miracle' and the Kalam Cosmological Argument. While the embryo verses have received scholarly attention, there is little to no research in the da'wah context for both narratives. Berger and Luckmann's social constructionism was applied to both, which were problematic. It was found that iERA constructed its exegesis of the embryo verses by expanding on classical meanings to show harmony with modern science. Additionally, it developed the Cosmological Argument by adapting it to Salafi Islamic beliefs. The construction processes were found to be influenced by an online dialectic between iERA and its Muslim and atheist detractors, causing it to abandon the scientific miracles and modify the Cosmological Argument. -
İbn Hazm'ın Mürcie'den Saydığı Ekollerin İman Tanımlarına
Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2021 9(İDEKTA) 17-24 Journal of Social Sciences of Mus Alparslan University anemon Derginin ana sayfası: http://dergipark.gov.tr/anemon Araştırma Makalesi ● Research Article İbn Hazm’ın Mürcie’den Saydığı Ekollerin İman Tanımlarına Yönelttiği Eleştiriler* The Criticisim of Ibn Hazm Towards the Definitions of Faith of Theological Ecoles Considered As Murjiah Abdullah ARCAa,** a Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi, Temel İslam Bilimleri Bölümü, Muş/Türkiye. ORCİD 0000-0003-3064-9647 MAKALE BİLGİSİ ÖZ Makale Geçmişi: Mürcie, kelami bir fırka olarak büyük günah işleyenlerin durumunu Allah’a bırakıp, dini anlamdaki Başvuru tarihi: 30 Mart 2021 sorumlulukları hakkında fikir beyan etmeyen kişilere verilen ortak bir isimdir. Bununla beraber Düzeltme tarihi: 24 Haziran 2021 Mürcie hakkında “amelleri niyet ve inançtan sonraya bırakanlar”, “büyük günah işleyenlere ümit Kabul tarihi: 4 Temmuz 2021 verenler” veya “imanı sırf dille ikrardan ibaret görenler” şeklinde çeşitli isimlendirilmeler de yapılmıştır. İslam kaynaklarında onlardan söz edilirken özellikle iman hakkındaki görüşleri Anahtar Kelimeler: üzerinde durulmuş ve onlara çeşitli eleştiriler yapılmıştır. İbn Hazm, İslami ilimlerde derin bilgi İbn Hazm, sahibi olan Endülüslü Müslüman âlimlerden biridir. Eserlerinde kendi düşüncesine aykırı bulduğu Mürcie, kişi ve fırkaların düşüncelerini eleştirmekten çekinmemiştir. Bu çalışmada İbn Hazm’ın kendi İman iman anlayışına uymayan diğer ekolleri Mürcie’den sayıp -
ISLAMIC FOUNDATIONS of a FREE SOCIETY
ISLAMIC FOUNDATIONS of a FREE SOCIETY Edited by NOUH EL HARMOUZI & LINDA WHETSTONE Islamic Foundations of a Free Society ISLAMIC FOUNDATIONS OF A FREE SOCIETY EDITED BY NOUH EL HARMOUZI AND LINDA WHETSTONE with contributions from MUSTAFA ACAR • SOUAD ADNANE AZHAR ASLAM • HASAN YÜCEL BAŞDEMIR KATHYA BERRADA • MASZLEE MALIK • YOUCEF MAOUCHI HICHAM EL MOUSSAOUI • M. A. MUQTEDAR KHAN BICAN ŞAHIN • ATILLA YAYLA First published in Great Britain in 2016 by The Institute of Economic Affairs 2 Lord North Street Westminster London SW1P 3LB in association with London Publishing Partnership Ltd www.londonpublishingpartnership.co.uk The mission of the Institute of Economic Affairs is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems. Copyright © The Institute of Economic Affairs 2016 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photo- copying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-255-36729-5 (interactive PDF) Many IEA publications are translated into languages other than English or are reprinted. Permission to translate or -
Kalam SOAS 2015 Draft1
Kalām: Rational Expressions of Medieval Theological Thought Mustafa Shah, School of Oriental and African Studies, London University Mustafa Shah, «Kalām: rational expressions of medieval theological thought», in Houari Touati (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mediterranean Humanism, Spring 2014, URL = http://http://www.encyclopedie-humanisme.com/?Kalām 1 • Contents • Abstract • Introduction • Early Theological Deliberations • Hegemony of the Muʿtazilites • Coalescence of Kalām Strategies • Gestation of Sunni Kalām Discourses • Reactions to kalām and Inter-Sunni Polemics Abstract The discipline of kalām encompasses not only the rational exposition of religious doctrine and dogma, but it also extends to a panoply of subsidiary topics and genres, many of which were deemed relevant to the theoretical and conceptual resolution of doctrine and dogma. A key element of kalām discourses resides in their resort to dialectical strategies and rational frameworks which are used to explicate theological doctrine and interrelated constructs. Initially, the term kalām may have been exclusively used to exemplify the technique of using dialogues to flesh out theological propositions and postulates, whereby through a sequence of questions and corresponding answers, logical contradictions were identified in an opponent’s doctrines. However, over subsequent centuries such techniques were just one aspect of the schema of kalām, which came to represent the discipline of rational theology in a much more comprehensive sense. In this essay an attempt will be made to introduce -
The Caliphs, the ʿulamāʾ, and The
The Caliphs, the ʿUlamāʾ, and the Law: Defining the Role and Function of the Caliph in the Early ʿAbbāsid Period Author(s): Muhammad Qasim Zaman Source: Islamic Law and Society, Vol. 4, No. 1 (1997), pp. 1-36 Published by: BRILL Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3399239 . Accessed: 30/03/2011 20:19 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=bap. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. BRILL is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Islamic Law and Society. http://www.jstor.org THE CALIPHS, THE cULAMA', AND THE LAW: DEFINING THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF THE CALIPH IN THE EARLY 'ABBASID PERIOD MUHAMMADQASIM ZAMAN* (Quaid-iAzam University) Abstract The early 'Abbasidperiod is usuallythought of as a time when a definitiveand enduringseparation between religion and politics took place. -
Foundation of the Sunnah
Bismillah ar-Rahmaan ar-Raheem Foundation Of The Sunnah By the Revered Imaam, the Scholar, the Teacher, the Reviver of the Sunnah, the Subduer of Innovations IMAAM AHMED IBN HANBAL Died 241 H - 1 - Contents Introduction by Fawwaaz Ahmad az-Zumarlee Part One: A Brief Note on Usoolus-Sunnah The Foundations of the Sunnah Part Two: The Sunnah upon which the Messenger of Allaah died Part Three: A Description of the Believer from Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa'ah Chapter One : The Life and Trials of Imaarn Ahmad Chapter Two : On the Meaning of Eemaan - A Refutation of the Mu'tazilah of Today Chapter Three : Some Sayings from the Salaf Concerning Allaah's Attributes and their Consensus Concerning the Falsehood of Ta'weel - A refutation of the Ash'ariyyah Chapter Four : Affirming the Attributes of Allaah with their Dhaahir (Apparent) and Haqeeqi (Real) Meaning and a Refutation that the Way of the Salaf was Allegedly Tafweedh - A Refutation of the Mufawwidah Chapter Five : The Consensus of the Salaf from among the Companions of Allaah's Messenger on the Prohibition of Reviling the Rulers and Publicizing their Faults, be they Righteous or Sinful - A Refutation of the Khawaarij - 2 - Chapter Six : The Distinguishing Signs of Ahlus-Sunnah Chapter Seven : The Distinguishing Signs of Ahlul-Bid’ah (the People of Innovation Chapter Eight : On the Prohibition of Sitting with the People of Innovation; Listening to them, Arguing with them, To Abandon them and those who Associate with them. Chapter Nine - On the Necessity of Accepting the Ahadeeth Reported by Reliable and Trustworthy Narrators Mentioning the Attributes of Allaah - A Refutation against the Rationalist School of Thought Chapter Ten - The Ahadeeth of Abul-l-lasan al-Ash'aree and a Refutation of the Ash’ariyyah Glossary of Arabic Terms - 3 - INTRODUCTION Indeed all praise belongs to Allaah, we praise Him, seek His aid and His forgiveness. -
The Closing of the Muslim Mind
THE CLOSING OF THE MUSLIM MIND How Intellectual Suicide Created the Modern Islamist Crisis ROBERT R. REILLY WILMINGTON, DELAWARE Copyright © 2010 by Robert R. Reilly All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, broadcast, or online publication. Reilly, Robert R. The closing of the Muslim mind : how intellectual suicide created the modern Islamist crisis / Robert R. Reilly. p. cm. ISBN 1-933859-91-1 ISBN 978-1-933-85991-0 (electronic) 1. Islamic countries—Intellectual life. 2. Islamic civilization — History. 3. Islamic fundamentalism. 4. Islam—Doctrines—History. I. Title. DS36.8.R45 2010 320.5’57—dc22 2009052660 ISI Books Intercollegiate Studies Institute 3901 Centerville Road Wilmington, DE 19807-1938 www.isibooks.org Manufactured in the United States of America To the courageous men and women throughout the Islamic world, here nameless for reasons of their own security, who are struggling for a reopening of the Muslim mind. CONTENTS FOREWORD by Roger Scruton INTRODUCTION Intellectual Suicide CHAPTER 1 The Opening: Islam Discovers Hellenic Thought CHAPTER 2 The Overthrow of the Mu‘tazilites: The Closing Commences CHAPTER 3 The Metaphysics of the Will CHAPTER 4 The Triumph -
Kalam Dan Sekte-Sekte Dalam Khawarij 1
Kalam Dan Sekte-Sekte Dalam Khawarij Nasrah Jurusan Bahasa Arab Fakultas Sastra Universitas Sumatera Utara A. PENGERTIAN KALAM, FAKTOR KELAHIRAN DAN HUBUNGANNNYA DENGAN ILMU LAIN Kesatuan aqidah yang telah dibina Rasulullah Saw. selama periode Makkah dan Madinah, pada masa sahabat dan khususnya pada masa akhir khalifah ke tiga Usman bin Affan dan awal khalifah ke empat Ali bin Abi Thalib, mulai timbul perbedaan-perbedaan pendapat yang berawal dari terbunuhnya Usman bin Affan dan pengangkatan Ali bin Abi Talib sebagai khalifah ke empat. Perbedaan pendapat yang pada awalnya berorientasi politik, berujung pada persoalan aqidah yakni, munculnya persoalan iman, kafir dan dosa besar. Disamping persoalan politik, muncul persoalan dalam hal upaya memahami Al-qur’an yang khususnya berkaitan dengan kehendak dan perbuatan manusia, yang berakhir pada munculnya aliran Qadariyah dan Jabariyah. Pada sisi lain persentuhan Islam dengan dunia luar pada masa terjadinya pengembangan Islam keberbagai wilayah belahan bumi ini, mengharuskan para pemikir Muslim khususnya dalam bidang Theologi untuk memperkaya pengetahuan mereka dalam rangka mempertahankan keyakinan mereka dari serangan musuh baik yang berasal dari umat Islam sendiri maupun dari pihak luar. Upaya mempertahankan keyakinan dengan menggunakan akal pikiran, mengharuskan para teolog Mu’tazilah untukl mempelajari filsafat dan logika dan melahirkan ilmu yang dikenal dengan ilmu Kalam. 1. Pengertian Kalam Kalam secara etimologi berarti kata-kata, namun dalam kajian Islam kalam sering digunakan untuk -
Anti-Christian Polemics of Ibn Taymiyyah
Sona Grigoryan ANTI-CHRISTIAN POLEMICS OF IBN TAYMIYYAH: CORRUPTON OF THE SCRIPTURES MA Thesis in Medieval Studies CEU eTD Collection Central European University Budapest May 2011 ANTI-CHRISTIAN POLEMICS OF IBN TAYMIYYAH: CORRUPTON OF THE SCRIPTURES by Sona Grigoryan (Armenia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2011 ANTI-CHRISTIAN POLEMICS OF IBN TAYMIYYAH: CORRUPTON OF THE SCRIPTURES by Sona Grigoryan (Armenia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ____________________________________________ External Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2011 ANTI-CHRISTIAN POLEMICS OF IBN TAYMIYYAH: CORRUPTON OF THE SCRIPTURES by Sona Grigoryan (Armenia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies Accepted in conformance with the standards -
Concept for Integrating Sharia Law Into Secular Law Systems وَجَاهِدُوا فِي َّللاهِ
Concept for integrating Sharia law into secular law systems Presentation by Dr. Abdel Rahman Mihalffy REMARKS When we say the word Muslim I don’t think we comprehend the real and classical meaning of the word. Does anyone of you know who Muslim is? In English the one who bow to God with full submission. I collected here some of those Ayas from the Holy Quran where the word “Muslim” occurs. It will surprise you: 22. Surah: Al-Hajj, Pilgrimage ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِه َوَجاهُدوا في هَّللا َح هق جَهاده ُهَو ا ْجتََبا ُكْم َوَما َجَع َل َعَلْيُكْم في ال دي ِن م ْن َحَرٍج مل َة ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ن ِ أَبيُكْم إْبَارهيَم ُهَو َسهما ُكُم اْل ُم ْسلمي َن من َقْب ُل َوفي َهَذا لَيُكوَ الهرُسوُل َشهيًدا َعَلْيُكْم ِ ِ ه ِ ِ ِ َوتَُكوُنوا ُشَهَداء َعَلى الهناس َفأَقي ُموا ال هصََلةَ َوآتُوا الزَكاةَ َوا ْعتَص ُموا با هَّلل ُهَو َمْوََل ُكْم َفِنعم اْلموَلى وِنعم الهن ِصير ﴿٧٨﴾ ْ َ َْ َ ْ َ ُ 78. And strive in His cause as ye ought to strive, (with sincerity and under discipline). He has chosen you, and has imposed no difficulties on you in religion; it is the cult of your father Abraham. It is He Who has named you Muslims, both before and in this (Revelation); that the Messenger may be a witness for you, and ye be witnesses for mankind! So establish regular Prayer, give regular Charity, and hold fast to Allah. He is your Protector - the Best to protect and the Best to help! 2.