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Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies Nebraska Academy of Sciences

1989

An Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Keith County, Nebraska

David M. Sutherland University of Nebraska at Omaha

Steven B. Rolfsmeier University of Nebraska-Lincoln

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Sutherland, David M. and Rolfsmeier, Steven B., "An Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Keith County, Nebraska" (1989). Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies. 175. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas/175

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An Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Keith County, Nebraska David M. Sutherland Department of Biology University of Nebraska at Omaha Omaha, Nebraska 68182-0040 and Steven B. Rolfsmeier School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0118

This study provides an annotated list of the vascular plants known to exist outside of SOILS cultivation in Keith County, Nebraska. Listed are a total of 599 species, subspecies and varieties belonging to 302 genera of 87 families. Notes are included about The soils of the area north of Lake McConaughy and the North Platte frequency and habitat for each of the taxa. 264 (44.1 %) of the taxa listed were previously unreported for Keith County. Additionally, the paper discusses vegetation River are composed principally of eolian sand and remain largely as regions in the county and gives information in tabular form about numbers of the flora uncultivated rangeland (Layton and Buckhannan, 1926; Soil Conser­ in different taxa, the ten largest families, numbers of taxa of different growth habits, vation Service and Conservation and Survey Division, 1981 and and numbers of taxa in different habitats. 1982). The two Platte rivers flow in beds of sandy alluvium over sand, and the bottom lands and terraces near the rivers are composed of INTRODUCTION loamy, clayey, and silty alluvium. Some of the terrace area has been Keith County (Fig. 1) is a rectangular county of 281,020 hectares cultivated; some of it remains in prairie meadows or in floodplain situated just northeast of the angle made by the panhandle of woodland. Much of the area between the two rivers consists of Nebraska with the wider part of the state. Since it includes the site of uplands whose soil is composed of sandy alluvium over sand and Cedar Point Biological Station, it has drawn considerable attention gravel or of loess and weathered sandstone; especially where it is from botanists and botany students in recent years. Judging from the steep and rocky, much of this area has been left in rangeland. Where large number of previously unreported taxa found in this study (264 the riverbeds diverge in the central and western parts of Keith County, taxa or 44.1 % of the total flora), Keith County has been somewhat the middle of this region opens out into arable ground, most of which undercollected in the past. This study draws upon herbarium material is in cultivation; this ground is mainly eolian sand and loess in the from a large number of collectors but is principally the result of center of the county and deep loess farther to the west. The area south collections made by the authors from 1981 through 1989. Although of the alluvium associated with the South Platte River exhibits a most of these collections were made during the summer sessions of variety of soils: loess, eolian sand and loess, eolian sand and loam, the Biological Station, we have made additional collecting trips both and additional regions of sandy alluvium over sand and gravel. The before and after those sessions. easternmost of these regions, an area of steep topography near the Roscoe Draw, has remained partly in rangeland. CLIMATE LAND USE Keith County has a climate typical of the High Plains region (Layton and Buckhannan, 1926). It has relatively short, warm summers and According to the recent Census of Agriculture (United 3tates Depart­ long, cold winters with the average date of the last killing frost in ment of Agriculture, 1982), about 58.2% of Keith County is in mid-May and the average date of the first one in late September. Most rangeland, with 1.2% in "pastureland and hayland," 1.9% in wood­ of the precipitation falls as rain from May to August. land, 8% in "urban, built up and other," and 30.7% in cropland. According to that same source the major crops, in order of impor­ lance, are wheat, com, oats, and tame hay with minor amounts of soybeans, sorghum, and other crops being grown.

83 84 Keith County flora

Clear Creek Wild Mgmt Ar -

-US.26-- Nor1h Platte River

1 5 10 ______----=.~=_:::.=J FIGURE 1. Map of Keith County showing places mentioned in this paper. Kilometers

U A Sandhills "oJ a 8 Floodplain [IT] C Shottgrass ITill prairie U::1d::I 0 Cultivated .short ~ -grass region ~ E Forest areas

1 - - ~~.~~·-·-1-1 ,~lm ~ mntlJ!ml.mm It!! ij~~].h II II 1_-=---::1 5 10 Kilometers

FIGURE 2. Map of major vegetation regions of Keith County. A (irregular stipple): largely uncultivated sandhills prairie; B (horizontal lines): unforested floodplain (see text for description of vegetation); C (vertical lines): largely uncultivated shortgrass prairie, grading into mixed prairie in lower ground; D (vertical and diagonal lines): shortgrass prairie region, which is largely under cultivation; E (solid black): approximate location of forested regions. (No attempt has been made to show numerous shelter-belts and farm plantings. Trees adjacent to rivers and lakes are floodplain species; trees in the shortgrass re­ gion just west and south of the center of the county are principally red cedar.) Keith County flora 85

VEGETATION duced trees, such as white mulberry and Siberian elm. This forest may vary from very dense and fairly extensive as it is along the North The major vegetation regions of Keith County are mapped in Fig. 2. Platte River in the eastern part of the county, to very open and Sandhills prairie clothes the northern part of the county almost savanna-like in many places. For example near the Roscoe-Keystone uninterruptedly except for occasional patches of prairie meadow, Road on the North Platte River, the bottomland is very gravelly, and where moisture conditions and topography are suitable, and some the trees are scattered and in small groves, while the area between the regions of wetland vegetation along streams and around ponds. trees contains an interesting mixture of xerophytes or near­ Occasional groves of trees exist here, mostly as a result of human xerophytes, particularly sand dropseed, green sage and Plains prickly intervention. Only small areas in this region are in cultivation. pear. Such an association is also seen in some places along the South Platte River. Bottomlands farther away from the riverbed are often The areas near the two rivers have a complex array of vegetation occupied by prairie meadows in various conditions. Some of these types. In and near the riverbeds are changing associations of sand-bar have been left in natural prairie; in others, the natural grass has been and gravel-bar plants. Where the bank has been stable for a while, interseeded with exotic species; in still others, the natural vegetation these give way to sandbar willow and, farther back from the edge, to has largely been removed and introduced pasture grasses and legumes floodplain forest dominated originally mostly by plains cottonwood, now predominate. American elm, and green ash but now containing also some intro-

TABLE I. Numbers of the vascular flora of Keith County in different taxa TABLE n. The ten largest families in the KeitllCounty flora

Family Number of Divisions Families Genera Species, species, subspecies, subspecies, & varieties or varieties

Equisetophyta 2 Poaceae 98 Astcraceae 97 Polypodiophyta 2 4 4 Fabaceae 44 Cyperaceae 33 Pinophyta 2 Brassicaceae 20 Polygonaceae 18 Magnoliophyta IJllniareae 17 A. Magnoliopsida 67 217 418 Onagraceae 15 Scrophulariaceae 15 B. Liliopsida 16 79 173 Otenopodiaceae 13

Totals 87 302 599 Total 370 (61.7% of total flora)

TABLE m. Number of taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties) of TABLE IV. Numbers of taxa (species, subspecies or varieties) different growth-habits in the Keith County Flora in different habitats in Keith County*

Growth-habit Number Percentage ruderals of disturbed ground 261 of taxa of total mixed or shortgrass prairie 159 streambanks or riverbanks 159 Herbaceous perennials 348 58.1 sandhills prairie 133 moist lowland or prairie meadow 132 Herbaceous annuals 182 30.4 w~d ~ ~~ 52 Woody perennials 45 7.5 thickets 12 rocky ledges 12 Biennials 24 4.0 persisting locally from cultivation 10

Totals 599 100 *Many taxa are listed in more than one habitat. 86 Keith County flora

Most of the remainder of the county must originally have been clothed Poaceae: Lolium perenne var. aristatum, Setaria verticillata. in shortgrass prairie on the uplands, grading into mixed prairie on Primulaceae: Lysimachia thyrsijlora. lower ground (Kaul, 1975), and that combination of plant associations still exists in areas of steep topography or where the soils are gravelly ANNOT A TED LIST or rocky. Most of this region, however, is now under extensive Unless otherwise noted in the list which follows, taxa are all cultivation. The rangeland areas between the two Platte rivers may represented by vouchers at the herbarium at Cedar Point Biological give a fair picture of the original vegetation, but the association must Station. An asterisk (*) indicates that the plant was not reported for have differed somewhat in the areas now cultivated, because of the Keith County in the Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains (Great more open topography and the different soil substrate. Plains Flora Association, 1977). The following symbols are used: (K) indicates that the plant was listed in Kaul et al. 1983, (S) that it wa., Steep-sided rocky canyons and north-facing rocky slopes south of the listed in Sutherland and Kaul, 1986, and (R) that it was listed in North Platte River in the vicinity of Cedar Point Biological Station Rolfsmeier et ai, 1987; [SR J indicates that a voucher is not known to contain rather well-developed and sometimes nearly impenetrable exist but that a credible sight record has been made; and forests of red cedar. These forests give way to mixed prairie on the [NEB],[OMAJ, [KANU], [CONCORDIA] and [DOANE] are used upper slopes which grades into shortgrass prairie on the ridges. to indicate taxa that do not have vouchers at the Cedar Point Biolog­ 599 species, subspecies, and varieties of vascular plants, belonging ical Station Herbarium, but for which specimens exist at University to 87 families and 302 genera, are known to occur outside of of Nebraska herbaria at Lincoln and Omaha, University of Kansas, and at Concordia and Doane colleges, respectively. In order to cultivation in Keith County (Table I). This represents about a third of the total number oftaxa known for Nebraska. 484 (80.8%) of the taxa conserve space, nomenclatural citations have been omitted unless are apparently native; 115 (19.2%) are evidently naturalized or they differ from those given in Flora ofthe Great Plains (Great Plains persisting from cultivation. The ten most important families (com­ Flora Association, 1986). Places mentioned in the list are mapped in prising 61.7% of the total flora) are listed in Table II. As can be seen Fig. 1. from Table III, the Keith County flora consists mostly of hemaceous perennials with about half as many herbaceous annuals and very ACKNOWLEDGMENTS small numbers of woody perennials and biennials. We are grateful for the assistance of Robert Kaul throughout the preparation of this paper. We also thank John Janovy, Jr., Anthony Although many species occur in more than one habitat and habitat Joern, Linda Vescio, and many staff members and students at Cedar categories tend to be overlapping, a listing of approximate species Point Biological Station for their assistance. numbers in various habitats has been attempted in Table IV. This table gives various habitats in descending order according to the number LITERA TURE CITED of species they contain. The greatest diversity is found in disturbed ground, with shortgrass and mixed prairie, stream and river banks, Great Plains Flora Association. 1977. Atlas of the flora of the moist lowlands and prairie meadows, and sandhills prairies also Great Plains. Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press: 60Op. supplying relatively large numbers of species. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, Kansas, University Press of Kansas: 1392p. EXCLUDED SPECIES Kaul, R. B. 1975. Vegetation of Nebraska (Circa 1850). Map The following species have been reported for Keith County in the 1: 1,000,000. Conservation and Survey Division, University Atlas ofthe Flora ofthe Great Plains (Great Plains FloraAssociation, of Nebraska, Lincoln. 1977) but the voucher specimens are doubtful or incorrect: K~ul, R. ~., <:hallaiah, and K.H. Keeler. 1983. Effects of graz­ mg and Jumper-canopy closure on the prairie flora in Amaranthaceae: Amaranthus palmeri. The specimens are A. Nebraska High-Plains canyons. Proceedings of the Seventh arenicola. Asteraceae: Aster falcatus. The specimens are doubtful North American Prairie Conference. and probably should be referred to A. ericoides. Boraginaceae: Layton, M. H., and W. H. Buckhannan. 1926. Soil survey of Cryptantha thyrsijlora. The specimen is C. jamesii, although C. Keith County, Nebraska. Washington D.C., United States De­ thyrsiflora might well occur in the western part ofthe county. Lappula partment of Agriculture Bureau of Chemistry and Soils: 52p. echinata. The specimen is too immature to identify for certain but it Rolfsmeier, S. B., R. B. Kaul, and D. M. Sutherland. 1987. is either L. redowskii or L. texana. Commelinaceae: Tradescantia New and corrected records of the flora of Nebraska. Trans­ bracteata. This report appears to be based on T. occidentalis. Poly­ actions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 15:49-52. gonaceae: Rumex orbiculatus. This report appears to be based on R. Soil Conservation Service and Conservation and Survey Divi­ stenophyllus. Iridaceae: Sisyrinchium angustifolium. This report is sion. 1981. General soil map of North Platte Area, based on S. montanum. Scrophulariaceae: Veronica catenata. The Nebraska. Conservation and Survey Division, University of report is based on V. anagallis-aquatica. Vitaceae: Vitis vulpina. The Nebraska, Lincoln. report is based on V. riparia. Soil Conservation Service and Conservation and Survey Divi­ sion. 1982. General soil map of Scottsbluff Area, Nebraska. C~mservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, UNVERIFIED SPECIES Lmcoln. The following are also reported from Keith County and seem possi­ Sutherland, D. M., and R. B. Kaul. 1986. Nebraska plant distri­ ble, but we have not yet seen vouchers. Amaranthaceae: Amaranthus bution. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, rudis. Asteraceae: Antennaria neglecta, Echinacea angustifolia, 14:55-59. United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Cen­ Helianthus tuberosus. Cyperaceae: Carex heliophila. Fabaceae: sus. 1982. United States census of agriculture. United States Astragalus drummondii, Astragalus hyalinus, Oxytropis sericea. Government Printing Office, Washington. Lamiaceae: Monarda jistulosa. Onagraceae: Oenothera biennis. Keith County flora 87

I. EQUISETOPHYT A ally away from human habitation in areas where it is un­ likely to have been planted. * Equlsetaceae Amaranthaceae Equisetum arvense. Field horsetail. Occasional in low Amaranthus albus. Tumbleweed. Occasional in disturbed ground, floodplains. * ground.* Equisetum laevigatum. Smooth scouring rush. Fairly Amaranthus arenicola. Sandhills pigweed. Common in common in ditches or moist prairie, including sandhills disturbed ground, primarily in sand.* prairie. Amaranthus graecizans. Prostrate pigweed. Common in disturbed ground. * II. PTERIDOPHYT A Amaranthus retroflexus. Rough pigweed. Common in disturbed ground. * Polypodlaceae Froelichia /loridana. Field snake-cotton. Common in Cheilanthes feei. Slender lip fern. Uncommon on canyon sandhills prairie.* walls and ledges. (K) Froelichia gracilis. Slender snake-cotton. Occasional in Pellaea atropurpurea. Purple-stemmed cliff brake. Rare disturbed sandy or gravelly areas in floodplains.* on canyon walls and ledges. (K)* Anacardiaceae Woodsia oregana. Oregon woodsia. Uncommon on Rhus aromatica var. serotina. Fragrant sumac. Canyons canyon walls, ledges, and north slopes. (K)* and roadsides. Salviniaceae Rhus aromatica var. trilobata. Fragrant sumac. Canyons Azolla mexicana. Mosquito fern. Uncommon in shallow and roadsides. [Doane]· water, creeks. Toxicodendron rydbergii. Poison ivy. Locally common in dry canyons and prairie. (K)· III. PINOPHYT A Aplaceae Berula erecta var. incisum. Water-parsnip. Locally abun­ Cupressaceae dant in shallow running water. Juniperus cf. horizontalis. Creeping juniper. Very Cicuta maculata. Common water hemlock. Occasional in rare; known from a single male plant on an open slope just low, wet ground.· south of Cedar Point Biological Station and from a sterile Conium maculatum. Poison hemlock. Locally abundant plant growing in the shade of Juniperus virginiana on a in disturbed ground in floodplains. steep slope west of the Station. These specimens, although Cymopteris acaulis. Wild parsley. Qccasional in upland they somewhat resemble prostrate forms of J. virginiana, do prairie.· not match that species when viewed microscopically and so Cymopteris montanus. Mountain corkwing. Upland are hesitantly assigned here. The specimen from the shaded prairie. Known from an 1890 collection made by Sprague slope demonstrates both juvenile and adult leaves.· [Doane]. The label information says "Lewellen, Keith Juniperus virginiana. Red cedar. Common in canyons. County," so the most likely location appears to be from Many of the plants show some degree of intermediacy to J. western Keith County .• scopulorum. (Rocky mountain juniper). Although J. scopu­ Apocynaceae , lorum has been reported from Keith County, all specimens Apocynum cannabinum. Indian hemp dogbane. Common we have seen are closer to J. virginiana. (K) in disturbed ground, especially in floodplains. Asclepladaceae IV. MAGNOLIOPHYTA Asclepias arenaria. Sand milkweed. Occasional in sand prairie. A. Magnoliopsida (Dicots) Asclepias engelmanniana. Engelmann's milkweed. Occasional in upland prairie and canyons.· Aceraceae Asclepias incarnata. Swamp milkweed. Common in wet Acer negundo var. negundo. Box elder. Occasional ground.* floodplain tree.· Asclepias lanuginosa. Woolly milkweed. Uncommon in Acer negundo var. violaceum. Box elder. Occasional sand prairie.· floodplain tree.* Asclepias pumila. Plains milkweed. Locally common in Acer saccharinum. Silver maple. Planted and persisting upland prairie. (K)· around homes and along streets. Also occurring occasion- Asclepias speciosa. Showy milkweed. Common in dis­ turbed ground in floodplains. 88 Ke~h County Flora

Asclepias stenophylla. Narrow leaved milkweed. Aster oblongifolius. Aromatic aster. Common in Uncommon in upland prairie. prairie, including sandhills prairie. Asclepias Jlerticillata. Whorled milkweed. Occasional Aster praealtus var. nebraskensis. Willowleaf aster. in roadside meadows and pastures. Uncommon in low, damp sites, known from along Whitetail Asclepias Jliridiflora. Green milkweed. Scattered in up­ Creek near Keystone. [KANU] land prairie and sandhills prairie. (K) Aster simplex var. ramosissimus. Panic1ed aster. In Asteraceae low, moist places.· Achillea millefolium. Yarrow. Common in prairies and Bidens cernua. Nodding beggar-ticks. Common in wet along roadsides. ground and shallow water. Ambrosia acanthicarpa. Annual bursage. Locally com­ Bidens comosa. Tufted beggar-ticks. Occasional in wet mon in open sandy roadside areas.· ground. Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Common ragweed. Very com­ Bidens coronata. Tickseed sunflower. Occasional in wet mon in disturbed ground.· ground and shallow water. Ambrosia psilostachya. Western ragweed. Common in Bidens frondosa. Beggar-ticks. Common in wet ground prairie, including sandhills prairie, and in disturbed ground. and shallow water. (K)· Bidens Jlulgata. Common beggar-ticks. Uncommon in Ambrosia trifida. Giant ragweed. Occasional in disturbed, wet ground.· moist ground. (K)· Carduus nutans. Musk thistle. An uncommon ruderal.· Antennaria neodioica. Northern pussy-toes. Uncommon Chrysopsis horrida. Golden aster. Relatively common in on ledges in canyons. This species is near the southern canyons, upland prairie, and on roadbanks.· edge of its range.· Chrysopsis Jlillosa var. Jlillosa. Golden aster. Antennaria parJlifolia. Pussy-toes. Occasional in Common in canyons, prairie (including sandhills prairie), prairie, including sandhills prairie. and on roadbanks. A few Keith County specimens approach Arctium minus. Burdock. Uncommon in disturbed flood­ var. angustifolia but are probably best assigned here. (K) plain woods near Roscoe.· Cichorium intybus. Chicory. Uncommon in disturbed Artemisia biennis. Biennial wormwood. Occasional in pastures, roadsides. disturbed ground on floodplains. Cirsium altissimum. Tall thistle. Occasional at forest Artemisia campestris subsp. caudata. Western sage­ edges, roadsides.· wort. Common in prairie, including sandhills prairie, and Cirsium arJlense. Canada thistle. Occasional as a ruderal in floodplain where disturbed and dry. (K) in low ground.· Artemisia dracunculus. Silky wormwood. Uncommon; Cirsium canescens. Platte thistle. Scattered in sandy known from dry, rocky roadside just north of the. South prairie and disturbed ground.· Platte River near Paxton.· Cirsium flodmanii. Flodman's thistle. Occasional in Artemisia filifolia. Sand sagebrush. Scattered in dry prairie, including sandhills prairie, and in disturbed ground prairie. (K)· along roadsides.· Artemisia frigida. Sage. Abundant in dry prairie. (K)· Cirsium undulatum. Wavy-leaved thistle. Occasional in Artemisia ludoJliciana var. ludoJliciana. White sage. disturbed ground in canyons and prairie, including sandhills Common in prairie, including sandhills prairie, and along prairie. (K)· roads.· Cirsium Jlulgare. Bull thistle. Occasional in disturbed Artemisia ludoJliciana var. mexicana. Occasional ground.· along the road at Cedar Point Biological Station, where it Conyza canadensis. Horse-weed. A common ruderal of was possibly introduced with seeded grasses.· disturbed ground. Aster brachyactis. Rayless aster. Uncommon in low Conyza ramosissima Spreading fleabane. A rare ruderal meadows in disturbed ground. Known from near the North of disturbed ground; known only from around burrow open­ Platte River at Clear Creek Wildlife Mangement Area.· ings in a prairie dog town south of Ogallala.· Aster ericoides. White aster. Common in prairie and Coreopsis tinctoria. Plains coreopsis. Locally abundant canyons. At least one of the collections assigned here has in roadsides and floodplains in low ground.· conspicuously larger capitula and could be assigned to A. Crepis runcinata. Hawk's beard. Occasional in prairie commutatus. meadows.· Aster junciformis. Rush aster. Rare in boggy ground. Dyssodia papposa. Fetid marigold. Common in dry, dis­ Known from along Lonergan Creek.· turbed places.· Keith County flora 89

Erigeron bellidiastrum. Western fleabane. Common in Kuhnia eupatorioides var. corymbulosa. False bone­ sand prairie and disturbed. sandy or rocky places. set. Occasional to common in prairie. including sandhills Erigeron pumilus. Fleabane. Rare in upland prairie.* prairie. Erigeron strigosus. Daisy fleabane. Occasional in prairie Lactuca ludoviciana. Western wild lettuce. Occasional in and along roadsides. disturbed ground. * Eupatorium maculatum var. bruneri. Joe Pye weed. Lactuca oblongifolia. Blue lettuce. Locally common on Occasional in moist ground in floodplains. * roadbanks. disturbed ground, and in low sandhills prairie. * Eupatorium perfoliatum. Boneset. Occasional in moist Lactuca serriola. Prickly lettuce. Common in disturbed ground in floodplains. * ground.* Euthamia gymnospermoides. Viscid euthamia. Locally Liatris lancifolia. Lance-leaved gay-feather. Locally common in moist ground. common in prairie meadows. Euthamia occidentalis. Western euthamia. This species Liatris punctata. Dotted gay-feather. Common in prairie, was reported by Barkley (In Great Plains Flora Association. including sandhills prairie. (K) 1986. p. 937) to be adventive in the Platte River Valley. Liatris squarrosa var. glabrata. Common in sandhills We find it to be very common in Keith County on sandbars prairie. and riverbanks. * Lygodesmia juncea. Skeleton weed. Common in prairie. Gnaphalium chilense. Cotton-batting. Uncommon on including sandhills prairie. and along roadsides. (K)* moist ground in floodplains. (S)* Machaeranthera tanacetifolia. Tansy aster. Rare in Grindelia squarrosa. Curly-top gum weed. Common along sandy, somewhat disturbed habitat. * roadsides and in disturbed areas. (K) Microseris cuspidata. False dandelion. Occasional in dry Gutierrezia dracunculoides. Broomweed. Rare in dis­ prairie. including sandhills prairie. turbed ground near Cedar Point Biological Station. Possibly Pectis angustifolia. Locally common in sandy or grav­ introduced with grass plantings at this location. (S)* elly areas near water. Gutierrezia sarothrae. Snakeweed. Relatively common Ratibida columnifera. Prairie coneflower. Locally com­ in upland prairie. (K)* mon in prairie, including sandhills prairie. and along road­ Haplopappus spinulosus. Cutleaf ironplant. Common sides. (K) in prairie. including sandhills prairie. (K) Rudbec1cia hirta. Black-eyed susan. In prairie meadows.* Helenlum autumnale. Sneezeweed. Locally abundant in Senecio plaltensis. Prairie ragwort. Common in prairie. moist ground near streams. * including sandhills prairie. (K) Helianthus annuus. Common sunflower. Common in dis­ Senecio riddellii. Riddell ragwort. Locally common in turbed ground (K)* sandhills prairie. * H elianth us maximilian ii. Maximilian sunflower. Shinnersoseris rostrata. Annual skeletonweed. Locally common in low prairie and in roadside ditches. Occasional in gravel flats near the Keystone bridge and in Helianthus nuttallii subsp. rydbergii. Nuttall's sun­ sandhills prairie.* flower. Occasional in low prairie and along roadsides.* Silphium integrifolium. This is far west of its natural Helianthus petiolaris. Plains sunflower. Common in range. It is introduced at two locations near Cedar Point disturbed areas. (K) Biological Station and appears to be doing well at at least Helianthus rigidus. subsp. subrhomboideus. Stiff one of those sites. * sunflower. In prairie. including sandhills prairie. and along Solidago canadensis var. gilvocanescens. Canada roads.* goldenrod. Common in low ground. often along roads. * Hymenopappus fillfolius var. polycephalus. Solidago canadensis var. scabra. Canada goldenrod. Occasional to common in prairie. including sandhills prairie. In low ground along the Platte River. (K) Solidago gigantea. Late goldenrod. Locally common in Hymenopappus tenuifolius. Occasional to common in low ground. * prairie. including sandhills prairie. Solidago missouriensis. Prairie goldenrod. Common in Hymenoxys scaposa var. glabra. Scapose bitterweed. prairie. including sandhills prairie. Uncommon in upland prairie. This taxon is at the extreme Solidago mollis. Soft goldenrod. Scattered in canyons northern edge of its range in Keith County. * and prairies. The leaves are commonly seen, but plants may Iva xanthifolia. Marsh elder. Locally abundant in dis­ flower infrequently. turbed ground (K) Solidago nemoralis. Gray goldenrod. Scattered in prairie. including sandhills prairie. and in open woods. 90 Keith County flora

Solidago rigida. Rigid goldenrod. Occasional in prairie Arabis hirsllta var. pycllocarpa. Rock cress. Rare in and open woods. wooded canyons. Our record is considerably south of the Sonchlls an/ensis subsp. IlUginoslls. Field sow thistle. other known records for western Nebraska.· Occasional in disturbed ground.· Brassica jllncea (L.) Czern. Wild turnip. Rare in waste Sonchlls asper. Prickly sow thistle. Occasional in dis­ ground; known from an abandoned homestead in Eagle turbed ground.· Canyon. [NEB]· Taraxacllm officinale. Common dandelion. Common in Camelilla microcarpa. Small-seeded false flax. lawns and disturbed ground.· Occasional in disturbed ground.· Thelesperma fillfollllm var. illtermedillm • Green­ Capsella bllrsa-pastoris. Shepherd's purse. Common in thread. Very common in prairies, pastures, and roadsides. disturbed areas.· Thelesperma megapotamicllm. Common in prairie. (K) Chorispora tenella. Blue mustard. Very common in dis­ Townselldia exscapa. Easter daisy. Uncommon in turbed areas, especially in Ogallala. canyons and in prairie, including sandhills prairie. (K)· Descllraillia pillllata subsp. brachycarpa. Tansy mus­ Tragopogoll dllbills. Goat's beard. Common along road­ tard. Common in disturbed areas.· sides in disturbed ground and in prairie. (K) Descllraillia sophia. Flixweed. Common in disturbed ar­ Verbesilla ell celio ides sub.sp. exallriclliata. Annual eas.· crownbeard. Rare in disturbed sites, known from the flood­ Draba reptalls. White whitlowort. Occasional on canyon plain of the South Platte River near Brule. [KANU] floors.· Verllollia baldwin;; subsp. illterior. Western iron­ Erysimllm asperllm. Western wallflower. Very common in weed. Occasional in low, moist ground.· prairie, including sandhills prairie. Verllollia fasciculata subsp. corymbosa. Ironweed. Hesperis matrollalis. Dame's rocket. Introduced in a va­ Occasional in ditches and low ground. riety of habitats, including wooded marshes and shaded to Xallthillm strllmarillm. Cocklebur. Common in low, open disturbed areas.· moist disturbed places. (K) Lepidillm densiflorllm. Peppergrass. Very common in Balsamlnaceae dry disturbed areas. Impatiens capens;'. Spotted touch-me-not. Locally Lepidillm latifolillm. This species has been recently in­ abundant in damp shaded to open ground, usually near troduced and has become locally common on sandbars and in streams. riverbeds. (S)· Boraglnaceae Lesqllerella llldoviciana. Bladderpod. Common in Cryptalltha celosloides. In prairies and canyons. prairie, including sandhills prairie. (K) Known from an 1890 collection made by Sprague [Doane]. Nastllrtillm officillale. Watercress. Locally common in The label information says "Lewellen, Keith County," so the shallow, mostly flowing water. most likely location appears to be from western Keith Rorippa paillstris subsp. glabra var. fernaldiana. County.· Bog yellow cress. Common in damp places or shallow wa­ Cryptantha james;;. Relatively common in prairie, in­ ter. cluding sandhills prairie, and in canyons. (K) Rorippa paillstr;, subsp. hispida var. hispida. Bog Cryptalltha minima. Occasional in dry prairie, including yellow cress. In moist places or shallow, standing water. sandhills prairie. Rorippa sinllata. Spreading yellow cress. Locally com­ Lappllla redowd:il. Stickseed. Common in disturbed ar­ mon in moist places or shallow, standing water. Also on eas, prairies, including sandhills prairies. (K) dry roadsides. Lappllia texana. Stickseed. Rare in disturbed ground. Rorippa trllllcata. Truncate yellow cress. Known from [NEB]. shores of Lake McConaughy. [NEB]· Lithospermllm carolillellse. Puccoon. Common in sand Sisymbrillm altissimllm. Tumbling mustard. Common in prairies. disturbed areas and along roadsides. (K) Lithospermllm incisllm. Puccoon. Common in prairie, Thlaspi arvense. Field pennycress. Very common in dis­ including sandhills prairie, and along roadsides. (K)· turbed areas.· Brasslcaceae Cactaceae Alyssllm desertorllm. Alyssum. Introduced in dry waste Coryphalltha vivipara. Pincushion cactus. Common in areas. Known from a parking lot at Spring Park, on the prairie, including sandhills prairie. (K)· north side of Lake McConaughy.· Echinocerells viridiflorlls. Hedgehog cactus. Rare in upland prairie. This species is known from one colony on slopes south of Cedar Point Biological Station. There are a Keith County flora 91

few other known locations in western Nebraska and south­ Caryophyllaceae western South Dakota. The plants are small and easily con­ Dianthus armeria. Deptford pink. Occasional in disturbed fused with Coryphantha vivipara when they are not in areas and along roadsides. (S) bloom. Even when in bloom, the yellowish-green flowers Paronychia depressa. Nailwort. Locally common, form- are not conspicuous. (R)* ing small mats on rocky ledges and ridges. Opuntia fragilis. Little prickly pear. Locally common in Saponaria officinalis. Bouncing bet. Escaped from cul­ prairie, especially in sandhills prairie, and in sandy or rocky tivation in scattered locations. * waste places. (K)* Silene noctiflora. Night-flowering catchfly. Uncommon Opuntia macrorhiza. Plains prickly pear. Common in in disturbed sites, known from Kingsley Dam. [KANU] prairie, including sandhills prairie, and in rocky or gravelly Stellaria 10 ngifolia. Long-leaved stitchwort. Rare in ground in floodplains. (K)* damp ground along streams.* Opuntia polyacantha. Plains prickly pear. Occasional to Celastraceae locally common in prairie, but not often in sandhills prairie Celastrus scandens. Bittersweet. Uncommon in shaded or in floodplains. It often grows with O. macrorhiza and is somewhat difficult to distinguish from it when not in fruit. canyons.* In flower the plants of both species apparently show consid­ C era top hyllaceae erable variation in color from clear yellow to yellow tinged Ceratophyllum demersum. Hornwort. Rather common as with red.* submerged, floating plant in lakes and ponds. * Caesalpiniaceae Chenopodlaceae Gleditsia triacanthos. Honey locust. Planted and persis­ Atriplex argentea. Silver-scale saltbush. In disturbed tent at Cedar Point Biological Station and elsewhere; evi­ ground near Lake Ogallala. [SR]* dently spreading from seed and root-suckers at several loca­ Atriplex subspicata. Spearscale. Common in disturbed, tions. All of the material we have seen is the thornless f. often shaded ground. inermis. * Chenopodium album. Lamb's quarters. In disturbed Gymnocladus dioica. Kentucky coffee tree. Planted and ground.* persistent at the homestead at Cedar Point Biological Chenopodium berlandieri. Pitseed goosefoot. Along Station.* roadsides and in disturbed ground. Campan ulaceae Chenopodium fremontii. Fremont goosefoot. Campanula rapunculoides. Creeping bellflower. Per- Occasional on shaded banks. * sisting from cultivation in shaded areas. * Chenopodium gigantospermum. Maple-leaved goose­ Lobelia siphilitica. Blue cardinal flower. Occasional in foot. Occasional in woods and on shaded banks. * damp ground. * Chenopodium glaucum. Oak-leaved goosefoot. Common Lobelia spicata. Palespike lobelia. Occasional in prairie on sandy banks and sandbars. meadows and near streams.* Chenopodium pratericola. Goosefoot. In open and dis­ Triodanis leptocarpa. A rare ruderal introduced, probably turbed areas. * with grass plantings, along the road at Lake Ogallala. (S)* Chenopodium rubrum. Alkali blite. Known from dis­ Cannabaceae turbed ground, west end of Lake McConaughy [NEB]. Cannabis sativa. Marijuana. A rare ruderal in moist Immature specimens which probably represent this species ground.* have been collected from other floodplain sites. Capparaceae Corispermum nitidum. Bugseed. Occasional in disturbed Cleome serrulata. Rocky mountain bee plant. Locally sandy areas.* abundant along roadsides and in disturbed prairie, including Cycloloma atriplicifolium. Tumble ring weed. Common sandhills prairie. (K) in loose sand. Polanisia dodecandra subsp. trachysperma. Clammy­ Kochia scoparia. Summer cypress. Common in disturbed weed. Common in sandy or gravelly moist areas. ground. Caprifollaceae Salsolo collina. Tumbleweed. Common in sandy, disturbed Lonicera tatarica. Tatarian honeysuckle. Persisting from ground. * cultivation in a few places, as in woods of the floodplain Salsola iberica. Russian thistle. Occasional in sandy, near Cedar Point Biological Station. * disturbed ground. (K)* Sambucus canadensis. Common elderberry. Common in Cluslaceae ditches and at woodland edges.* Hypericum majus. Greater St. John's-wort. Uncommon Symphoricarpos occidentalis. Wolfberry. Common on streambanks and in wet places.* along roads, in canyons, at woodland edges. (K) 92 Keith County flora

Convolvulaceae Euphorbia marginata. Snow-on-the-mountain. Locally Calystegia sepium subsp. angulata .. Hedge bindweed. common in disturbed ground. (K) Occasional vine climbing on other vegetation in disturbed Euphorbia missurica. Missouri spurge. Common in places.* prairie, including sandhills prairie, and in disturbed areas. Convolvulus arvensis. Field bindweed. A common rud­ (K) eral, especially on mowed roadsides. * Euphorbia nutans. Eyebane. Apparently uncommon, Evolvulus nuttallianus. Scattered in prairie, including known from rocky banks along the North Platte River north sandhills prairie. of Roscoe.* Ipomoea leptophylla. Bush morning-glory. Locally Euphorbia prostrata. Prostrate spurge. Along roadsides, common in sandy prairies and pastures. (K) in parking lots, and in other disturbed ground.* Crassulaceae Euphorbia serpens. Round-leaved spurge. In disturbed Penthorum sedoides. Ditch stonecrop. Occasional m ground, especially along roads.* marshy ground in floodplain woods along the rivers. * Euphorbia serpyllifolia. Thyme-leaved spurge. Gravelly Cucurbltaceae areas in floodplains. Cucurbita foetidissima. Buffalo-gourd. Rare vine form­ Euphorbia stictospora. Mat spurge. Along roadsides, in ing large clumps in pastures and along roads. Known from parking lots, and in other disturbed ground. * Eagle Canyon; also observed along the rocky bluffs north of Fabaceae the North Platte River in the extreme western part of the Amorpha canescens. Lead plant. Common m prairie, in­ county.* cluding sandhills prairie. Echinocystis lobata. Wild cucumber. Occasional scram­ Amorpha fruticosa. False indigo. Locally common near bling vine of riverbanks and ditches, not uncommonly seen streams and ponds and in floodplains. climbing on bulrushes or cattails. * Astragalus adsurgens var. robustior. Standing milk­ Sicyos angulatus. Bur cucumber. Uncommon in damp dis­ vetch. Common in prairie. (K) turbed sites, known near the north edge of Lake Mc­ Astragalus canadensis. Canada milk-vetch. Occasional Conaughy. [KANU] in open, moist habitats. * Cuscutaceae Astragalus ceramicus var. filifolius. Painted milk­ Cuscuta gronovii. Gronovius' dodder. Common on vari­ vetch. Occasional in sand prairie. [KANU] ous hosts, especially weedy Asteraceae, in floodplains. * Astragalus gracilis. Slender milk-vetch. Common in up- Cuscuta indecora. Large alfalfa dodder. On various hosts land prairie. in floodplains. * Astragalus missouriensis. Missouri milk-vetch. Elaeagnaceae Occasional in prairie. Elaeagnus angustifolia. Russian olive. Cultivated and Astragalus mollissimus. Woolly locoweed. Occasional sometimes escaped in disturbed ground. in upland prairie. Shepherdia argentea. Buffaloberry. Occasional in Astragalus plattensis. Platte river milk-vetch. prairies and floodplains. * Uncommon in sand prairie. * Euphorbiaceae Astragalus sericoleucus. Silky orophaca. Locally com­ Croton texensis. Texas croton. Common in dry praines mon, forming low mats on rock outcrops. (including sandhills prairie), pastures, and disturbed areas. Dalea aurea. Golden prairie-clover. Occasional in upland (K) prairie and canyons. * Euphorbia dentata. Toothed spurge. Occasional in dis­ Dalea candida var. candida. White prairie-clover. turbed ground. Along road near Cedar Point Biological Station where possi­ Euphorbia geyeri. Geyer's spurge. Locally common in bly introduced. * disturbed sandhills prairie. * Dalea candida var. oligophylla. White prairie-clover. Euphorbia glyptosperma. Ridge-seeded spurge. Common in upland prairie, including sandhills prairie. (K) Common on roadsides, in parking lots, and in other dis­ Dalea cylindriceps Bameby. Massive spike prairie-clover. turbed ground. * Rare in sandy or rocky ground. Known from north of Euphorbia hexagona. Six-angled spurge. Common in Ogallala, but not recently collected. Specimens were ob­ sandy, disturbed ground. served at the South Platte River near Hershey, Lincoln Euphorbia maculata. Spotted spurge. Along roadsides County in 1989. They occupied a kind of rocky, sandy and in parking lots in disturbed ground, apparently uncom­ habitat which is very common along both branches of the mon in Keith County. * Platte in Keith County, so it is hoped that this rare species Keith County flora 93

still may be found there. It appears to be a biennial or a Strophostyles leiosperma. Slick-seed bean. Locally short-lived perennial and may well be monocarpic. [NEB] common on open roadbanks and in sandy places. * Dalea enneandra Nutt. Nine-anther prairie-clover. Locally Thermopsis rhombifolia. Prairie buck bean. Rare in up­ common in upland prairie. (K) land prairie. (K)* Dalea leporina. Foxtail dalea. A rare plant of sandy, Trifolium fragiferum Strawberry clover. Extensively moist disturbed habitat.* established in large stands at Clear Creak Wildlife Dalea purpurea var. arenicola. Purple prairie-clover. Management Area in low sandy areas near the North Platte Common, principally in upland prairie and sandhills prairie. River and to be expected in other sandy areas along (K)* streams.* Dalea purpurea var. purpurea .. Purple prairie-clover. Trifolium hybridum. Alsike clover. Occasional along Common, principally in prairie meadows and relatively roadsides and in other disturbed areas. * moist prairie. Trifolium pratense. Red clover. Common in disturbed ar­ Dalea villosa. Silky prairie-clover. Occasional in sand- eas and along roadsides. * hills prairie. * Trifolium repens. White clover. Common in pastures, Desmodium canadense. Canada tickclover. Locally lawns, and disturbed ground. * common in moist areas near streams.* Vida americana var. minor. American vetch. Glycyrrhiza lepidota. Wild licorice. Occasional in low Occasional to locally common in upland prairie, prairie ground near water and in canyons, often where somewhat dis­ meadows, canyons, and open woods.* turbed. (K) Vicia villosa. Hairy vetch. Locally common along road­ Lathyrus polymorph us. Hoary vetchling. Locally com­ sides and in other disturbed ground. * mon in upland prairie, including sandhills prairie. Fumarlaceae Lotus purshianus. Prairie trefoil. Occasional In moist Corydalis aurea subsp. occidentalis. Golden cory- ground. dalis. A rare ruderal known from disturbed ground east of Lupinus pusillus. Small lupine. Scattered in prairies and Cedar Point Biological Station. (S)* pastures. (K) Gentlanaceae Medicago lupulina. Black medick. Very common in dis­ Eustoma grandiflorum. Prairie gentian. Occasional to turbed ground. * locally common in low wet places, especially in prairie Medicago sativa. Alfalfa. Common In disturbed ground.* meadows.* Meli/otus alba. White sweet clover. Occasional in dis­ Grossularlaceae turbed ground. (K) Ribes odoratum. Buffalo currant. Common in thickets and Meli/otus officinalis. Yellow sweet clover. Very com­ along roadsides. (K) mon in disturbed ground. (K)* Haloragaceae Oxytropis lambertii. Purple locoweed. Locally common Myriophyllum exalbescens. American milfoil. An oc­ in upland prairie and sandhills prairie. (K) casional submersed aquatic in ponds and lakes. Psoralea argophylla. Silver-leaf scurf-pea. Occasional in Hydrophyllaceae prairie. (K) E llisia nyctelea. Waterpod. Common in prairie, open Psoralea digitata. Palm-leaved scurf-pea. Uncommon In woods, and disturbed areas. * prairie, including sand hills prairie. (K) Juglandaceae Psoralea esculenta. Prairie turnip. Scattered in prairie.* luglans nigra. Black walnut. In woods east of Keystone, Psoralea hypogaea. Little breadroot scurf-pea. Relatively where probably planted. Young trees were also noted along rare in prairie and open woods. Our records from Keith an irrigation canal north of Paxton; these may represent County are east of the other Nebraska records. The plant is escapes from cultivation. * also known from Arthur County. (S)* Lamlaceae Psora lea lanceolata. Lemon scurf-pea. Common in sand­ Hedeoma drummondii. Drummond false pennyroyal. hills prairie. Occasional. on rocky ledges. (K) Psoralea linearifolia. Slimleaf scurf-pea. Rare or over­ Hedeoma hispidum. Rough false pennyroyal. Abundant looked; known from a single plant collected on a rocky in disturbed ground in prairie and in canyons.* ledge in the central part of Eagle Canyon, but to be expected Leonurus cardiaca. Motherwort. Occasional in floodplain elsewhere in the western part of Keith County.* woods.* Psoralea tenuiflora var. tenuiflora. Wild alfalfa. Lycopus amer;canus. American bugleweed. Common in Common in upland prairie and sandhills prairie. (K) moist places at the edges of ponds and streams. 94 Keith County flora

Lycopus asper. Rough bugleweed. Common in moist Sphaeralcea coccinea. Red false mallow. Common in places at the edges of ponds and streams. prairies, including sandhills prairie, and along roadsides. Lycopus uniflorus. One flower horehound. Common in (K) moist places at the edges of ponds and streams.· Mlmosaceae Marrubium vulgare. Common horehound. Uncommon, Desmanthus illinoensis. Illinois bundle flower. known from a pasture near Clear Creek.· Occasional in moist habitats.· Mentha arvensis. Field mint. Relatively common in Moraceae marshes and wet places. Morus alba. White mulberry. Common in floodplain Monarda pectinata. Plains beebalm. Common in prairie, woods and along roadsides.· especially in sandhills prairie. Nyctaglnaceae Nepela cataria. Catnip. Occasional in disturbed ground, Abronia fragrans. Sweet sand verbena. Occasional in often in the shade.· sandhills prairie and in other sandy places. (K) Prunella vulgaris. Self-heal. Uncommon in low or moist Mirabilis hirsuta. Hairy four-o'clock. Occasional in dry disturbed ground.· prairie, including sandhills prairie. Salvia azurea. Blue sage. Uncommon. Introduced along Mirabilis linearis. N arrow leaf four-o'clock. Occasional the road at Cedar Point Biological Station.· along roadsides and in prairie, including sandhills prairie. Salvia reflexa. Rocky mountain sage. Locally common in Mirabilis nyctaginea. Wild four-o'clock. Relatively disturbed areas and along roadsides.· common along roadsides and in disturbed areas. Scutellaria galericulata. Mad-dog skullcap. Occasional Oleaceae in moist places at the edges of ponds and streams.· Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Green ash. Common in flood­ Scutellaria lateriflora. Marsh skullcap. Occasional in plains and canyons. (K)· moist ground near streams and ponds.· Ligustrllm vulgare L. Common privet. In the floodplain Teucrium canadense var. boreale. American germander. near Cedar Point Biological Station, perhaps persisting after Common in moist habitats or at woodland edges.· cultivation or spreading from a nearby garden.· Teucrium canadense var. canadense. American ger­ Onagraceae mander. Relatvely uncommon in moist habitats or at wood­ Calylophus lavandulifolius. Lavender primrose. land edges.'" Uncommon on open, rocky slopes at mouth of Eagle Linaceae Canyon and in similar habitat north of the North Platte Linum rigidum var. compactum. Yellow flax. Common River in dIe extreme western part of the county. (K) in prairie." Calylophus serrulatus. Plains yellow primrose. Linum rigidum var. rigidum. Yellow flax. Common in Common in prairie, including sandhills prairie. (K) prairie. (K) Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Willow herb. Common in moist Loasaceae ground along streams. Mentzelia decapetala. Ten-petal mentzelia. Uncommon Epilobium coloratum. Purple-leaved willow herb. on open, rocky slopes at mouth of Eagle Canyon.· Occasional in moist ground near streams.· Mentzelia nuda. Blazing star. Common in sandy or grav­ Epilobium leptophyllum Raf. Narrow-leaved willow herb. elly open areas. (K) Occasional in moist ground near water. Lythraceae Gaura coccinea. Scarlet gaura. Common in prairie, includ­ Ammannia robusta. Toothcup. Occasional in moist ing sandhills prairie, and along roadsides. (K) ground near open water.· Gaura parviflora. Velvety gaura. Occasional along road­ Lythrum alalum. Winged loosestrife. Locally common in sides. (K) moist ground near streams and ponds. Oenothera albicaulis. Prairie evening primrose. In Malvaceae prairie, including sandhills prairie. * Callirhoe involucrata. Purple poppy mallow. Locally Oenothera coronopifolia. Combleaf evening primrose. common in somewhat disturbed, open areas. Rare to locally common in sandy or rocky areas. Malva neglecta. Common mallow. An uncommon ruderal Oenothera laciniata. Cut-leaved evening primrose. in disturbed ground.· Occasional in open, disturbed areas.· Malva rotundifolia. Common mallow. A rare ruderal in Oenothera latifolia. Pale evening primrose. Occasional disturbed ground; known only from a near a watering trough in sandy areas, including sandhills prairie. in Eagle Canyon.· Oenothera nuttallii. White-stemmed evening primrose. Occasional in prairie, including sandhills prairie.· Keith County flora 95

Oenothera rhombipetala. Fourpoint evening primrose. Polygonum amphibium var. e.mersum. Swamp Occasional in sandhills prairie and in sandy disturbed areas.* smartweed. Common in marshy areas, on sandbars, and in Oenothera speciosa. Showy evening primrose. Known damp ground. from two locations near Cedar Point Biological Station, Polygonum arenastrum. Knotweed. Common in dis- where it may have been introduced with grass plantings.* turbed ground, especially along roads and in parking lots. * Oenothera villosa. Common evening primrose. Polygonum bicorne. Pink smartweed. Occasional to lo­ Relatively common in disturbed areas. Some of the Keith cally common in moist ground. * County specimens of this may be keyed to o. biennis, but Polygonum convolvulus. Climbing buckwheat. An un­ these two taxa appear to intergrade completely in this re­ common ruderal in fields and pastures. * gion. * Polygonum hydropiper. Water pepper. Occasional in Orobanchaceae damp ground in floodplains.* Orobanche fasciculata. Broomrape. Parasitic on Polygonum lapathifolium. Pale smartweed. Occasional Artemisia frigida; not uncommon, but populations variable in moist ground, often near open water. in size from year to year. The plants are evidently mono­ Polygonum pensylvanicum. Pennsylvania smartweed. carpic.* Common in moist ground in fields and ditches. * Orobanche ludoviciana. Broomrape. Parasitic on Polygonum persicaria. Lady's thumb. Common in moist Artemisia and Gutierrezia; not common. ground in fields and ditches. Polygonum punctatum. Water smartweed. Common in OxaHdaceae damp ground. Oxalis dillen;;. Gray-green wood sorrel. An uncommon Polygonum ramosissimum. Knotweed. Occasional in ruderal in Ogallala. * damp ground, often near water. (K)* Papaveraceae Polygonum scandens. False buckwheat. Occasionally Argemone polyanthemos. Prickly poppy. Common found climbing on shrubs and other vegetation in waste ar­ along roadsides and in sandy areas and canyons. (K)* eas.* Plantaginaceae Rumex altissimus. Pale dock. Common in damp ground Plantago aristata. Bracted plantain. Uncommon along and on sandbars. * road near Cedar Point Biological Station where recently in­ Rumex crispus. Curly dock. Common in disturbed. often troduced and probably not persisting. (S)* danlp, ground. * Plantago eriopoda. Alkali plantain. Occasional in prairie Rumex maritimus. Golden dock. Occasional in damp ar­ meadows and damp areas.* eas and sandbars. Plantago major. Common plaJltain. Scattered in disturbed Rumex stenophyllus. Dock. Common in damp areas sites, known from the floodplain of the South Platte River.* along streams. Plantago patagonica. Patagonian plantain. Common in Rumex venosus. Wild begonia. Occasional in loose sand. dry, disturbed areas, especially in sandy areas. (K) Portulacaceae Plantago rugelii. Rugel's plantain. Locally common in Portulaca oleracea. Common purslane. A ruderal in disturbed areas. * pavement cracks and dry ground.* Polemonlaceae Talinum calycinum. Rockpink. Uncommon in sandhills lpomopsis 10 ngiflora. Long-flowered gilia. Common prairie; flowers pink or magenta, showy in early evening.* in dry sandhills prairie and occasional in other sandy Talinum parviflorum. Prairie fameflower. Rare in rocky places. * prairie; known from a small colony on an open slope di­ Phlox andicola. Plains phlox. Occasional in dry sand­ rectly south of Cedar Point Biological Station; flowers white hills prairie and in other sandy locations. or very pale pink, evidently diurnal.* Po!ygalaceae Primulaceae Polygala alba. White milkwort. Common in prairies and Dodecatheon pulchellum. Shooting star. Locally com­ canyons. (K) mon in prairie meadows north of Paxton. Polygonaceae Ranunculaceae Eriogonum annuum. Annual eriogonum. Occasional in Anemone patens. Pasque flower. Locally common in sandhills prairie and in sandy open areas in floodplains. (K) prairie and open woods. (K) Polygonum achoreum. Knotweed. Common in disturbed Clematis ligusticifolia. Western clematis. A vine areas, often along roads or in parking lots*. climbing on trees and shrubs in canyons. (K)* Delphinium virescens. Prairie larkspur. Occasional in pastures and prairie, including sandhills prairie. * 96 Keith County flora

Ranunculus cymbalaria. Shore buttercup. Common in or Salix exigua subsp. interior. Sandbar willow. Common near water. often on sandbars. floodplain shrub at the edges of streams and rivers and on Ranunculus longirostrus. White water crowfoot. sandbars. Common in shallow water in streams and ponds.· Salix lutea Nutt. Shining willow. Common in wet shores Ranunculus macounii. Macoun's buttercup. Scattered in at Kingsley Dam.· moist areas in floodplains.· Santalaceae Ranunculus sceleratus. Cursed crowfoot. Common in or Comandra umbellata subsp. pallida. Bastard toadflax. near water.· Relatively common in dry. upland prairie. partially parasitic Rosaceae on a variety of other plants. Geum aleppicum. Yellow avens. Uncommon in damp Scrophulariaceae ground.· Agalinis tenuifolia. Gerardia. Moist areas along Potentilla argentea. Silvery cinquefoil. Known from streams.· waste ground at an 1-80 rest stop and from along the road Castilleja sessiliflora. Downy paintbrush. Occasional near Ogallala. [CONCORDIA. NEB]. (R)· in upland prairie and on rocky ledges.· Potentilla norvegica. Norwegian cinquefoil. Occasional Mimulus glabratus var. fremontii. Roundleaf mon­ in damp ground.· key-flower. Common in or near shallow water. Potentilla paradoxa. Bushy cinquefoil. Common in Mimulus guttatus DC. Common yellow monkey-flower. moist ground near water. Uncommon along streams; known from both Sand Creek and Potentilla pensylvanica. Cinquefoil. Rare in sandy Lonergan Creek. and it has been collected more than once at ground. Known from an 1890 collection made by Sprague each location. It is otherwise unknown from Nebraska.· [Doane]. The label information says "Lewellen. Keith Mimulus ringens. Alleghany monkey-flower. Uncommon County." so the most likely location appears to be from in moist ground in floodplains. western Keith County.· Penstemon albidus. White beardtongue. Occasional in Potentilla rivalis. Brook cinquefoil. Occasional in moist prairie. including sandhills prairie. ground.· Penstemon angustifolius var. angustifolius. Narrow Prunus americana. Wild plum. Commonly forming thick­ beardtongue. Common in prairie. including sandhills ets along roads and fences.· prairie. (K) Prunus pumila var. besseyi. Sand cherry. In sandhills Penstemon angustifolius var. caudatus. Narrow beard­ prairie. especially on ridgetops. tongue. Collected by Kiener in sandy soil at Kingsley Dam. Prunus virginiana. Choke cherry. Commonly forming [NEB] thickets in cayons. along roads. and in prairie. including Penstemon grandiflorus. Large beardtongue. Not com­ sandhills prairie. (K) mon in sandy soil along roads; known from just north of Rosa arkansana. Prairie rose. Locally common in sand­ Kingsley Dam. * hills prairie.· Verbascum blatlaria. Moth mullein. Uncommon in dis­ Rosa woodsii. Western wild rose. Relatively common in turbed area along road near Cedar Point Biological Station open woods in floodplains. where evidently introduced with grass planting and probably Rubiaceae not persisting. (S)· Galium aparine L. Catch weed bedstraw. Common on damp. Verbascum thapsus. Common mullein. Very common in shaded banks. waste ground.* Galium trifidum L. Small bedstraw. Fairly common in Veronica americana. Brooklime speedwell. At the edge marshy ground along streams or rivers. of or in water. much less common than V. anagallis-aquatica. Salicaceae Occasional plants are intermediate between this and the next Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera. Cottonwood. species.· Common tree of floodplains. Veronica anagallis-aquatica. Water speedwell. Very Salix amygdaloides. Peach-leaved willow. A common common at edge of or in water. floodplain tree. Veronica arvensis. Corn speedwell. Uncommon in Salix babylonica. Weeping willow. A commonly planted moist. disturbed ground along road near Cedar Point tree. persisting but probably not escaping. Biological Station. where probably introduced with grass Salix exigua subsp. exigua. Coyote willow. planting. (S)· Uncommon at the edges of streams and rivers. Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis. Purslane speed­ well. In damp muddy soil.· Keith County flora 97

Slmaroubaceae Viola pratincola. Blue prairie violet.' Infrequent; known Ailanthus altissima. Tree-of-heaven. Planted and persis­ from a disturbed area near a culvert at Sand Creek, but to be tent in some locations.· expected in a variety of places.· Solanaceae Vltaceae Physalis hederifolia var. comata. Prairie ground Parthenocissus quinquefolia. Virginia creeper. Known cherry. Occasional in waste ground and sandhills prairie.· from Ogallala where probably planted as an ornamental.· Physalis heterophylla. Clammy ground cherry. Parthenocissus vitacea. Woodbine. A common vine in Occasional in prairie and waste areas.· floodplains on banks, shrubs, and trees. (K) Physalis longifolia. Common ground cherry. Common Vitis riparia. Riverbank grape. A common vine on in prairies, pastures, along roads, and in waste areas. • streambanks, along road, and in woods. Physalis pumila subsp. hispida. Prairie ground cherry. Zygophyllaceae Occasional in waste ground and sandy prairie.· Tribulus terrestris. Puncture vine. Locally common in Solanum interius. Plains black nightshade. Scattered in waste ground along roads. (K) disturbed ground. (K)· Solanum rostratum. Buffalo bur. Common in disturbed ground. (K) B. Liliopsida (Monocots) Solanum trijlorum. Cut-leaved nightshade. Occasional in pastures and waste places. [NEB] Agavaceae Tamaricaceae Yucca glauca. Yucca. Common in prairie, including sand­ Tamarix ramosissima. Salt cedar. Scattered along rivers hills prairie. It makes a dramatic display in areas which are in sand.· not grazed before blooming time. Both branched and un­ Ulmaceae branched inflorescences are found. (K)· Celtis occidentalis. Hackberry. Relatively common in Allsmataceae floodplains and canyon floors. (K). Alisma triviale. Water plantain. Occasional in mud in or Ulmus americana. American elm. Relatively common in near water.· floodplains and along roads. (K)· Sagittaria calycina. Arrowhead. Uncommon in mud in or Ulmus pumila. Siberian elm. Relatively common in near water. Known from a stock tank in Eagle Canyon floodplains and along roads. (K)· [NEB]; a single plant observed but not collected on the Urtlcaceae floodplain of the North Platte River at Clear Creek Wildlife Boehmeria cylindrica. False nettle. Occasional in Management Area. marshes and moist areas.· Sagittaria cuneata. Arrowhead. Occasional in mud in or Parie/aria pensylvanica. Pennsylvania pellitory. near water .• Occasional in shaded, disturbed areas.· Sagittaria latifolia. Arrowhead. Occasional in mud in or Pilea fontana. Clearweed. Locally abundant in moist, near water.· shaded areas in floodplains.· Commelinaceae Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis. Stinging nettle. Commelina erecta var. angustifolia. Erect dayflower. Common in woods and disturbed moist ground.· Relatively common in sandhills prairie and sandy disturbed Verbenaceae ground. (K) Lippia lanceolata. Northern fog-fruit. Locally abundant Tradescantia occidentalis. Spiderwort. Common in in moist areas near water.· prairie, including sandhills prairie. Verbena bracteata. Prostrate vervain. Very common in Cyperaceae waste ground. Carex aurea. Golden sedge. Known from Lonergan Creek Verbena hastata. Blue vervain. Common in pastures and bank. [NEB] moist places. Carex brevior. Shorter sedge. To be expected in a variety Verbena simplex. Narrow-leaved vervain. Uncommon of habitats. Known from a creek bank north of Ogallala and ruderal along road near Cedar Point Biological station where from a meadow near Keystone. recently introduced and probably not persisting. (S)· Carex comosa. Bearded sedge. Uncommon in moist Verbena stricta. Hoary vervain. Common in pastures and ground in floodplains.· disturbed ground. (K) Carex crawei. Crawe's sedge. Uncommon or overlooked in Vlolaceae moist ground, known from Kingsley Dam. [KANU] Viola nuttallii. Yellow prairie violet. Uncommon in up­ Carex filifolia. Thread-leaved sedge. Common in prairie. land prairies. [KANU] (K)· 98 Keith County flora

Carex hallii. Hall's sedge. In low prames. Known from Scirpus pungens. Chair-maker's bulrush. Common in tallgrass meadows along the North Platte River near marshes and moist ground. Kingsley Dam. [NEB] Scirpus validus. Soft-stem bulrush. Common In marshes Carex hystericina. Porcupine sedge. Occasional near and on streambanks. streams. Hydrocharitaceae Carex lanuginosa. Woolly sedge. In marshes. Elodea canadensis. Waterweed. Uncommon In shallow Carex nebraskensis. Nebraska sedge. In and near water in streams; known from Lonergan Creek. streams. Irldaceae Carex praegracilis. Slender sedge. In marshes and damp Sisyrinchium montanum. Blue-eyed grass. Occasional ground. in moist areas near streams.* Carex stipata. Crowded sedge. In marshes. * JUDcaceae Carex vulpinoidea. Foxtail sedge. In marshes and damp luncus baltic us. Baltic rush. Occasional in moist places ground. and marshes. Cyperus acuminatus. Acuminate sedge. Uncommon, luncus bufonius. Toad rush. Occasional on sandbars and known from wet ground near Kingsley Dam. [NEB] riverbanks. Cyperus aristatus. Bristly sedge. Common on sandbars luncus compress us Jacq. An introduced species recently and in open, wet places. collected by Ralph Brooks and Craig Freeman in a brushy, Cyperus diandrus. Two-stamen sedge. Occasional on sandy area on the south side of the North Platte River west sandbars and in wet places. * of Lake McConaughy and likely to be found in similar areas Cyperus erythrorhizos. Red-rooted sedge. Occasional In nearby. This plant is new to Nebraska and the Great Plains. sandbars and near water. [NEB] * Cyperus esculentus. Yellow nut-grass. Occasional in a luncus dudleyi. Dudley rush. Common in wet places, variety of damp habitats. * especially along streams. Cyperus lupulinus subsp. lupulinus. Hop sedge. luncus interior. Inland rush. Occasional in wet places, Occasional in damp places in prairie meadows. * known from along the north shore of Lake McConaughy and Cyperus odoratus. Fragrant sedge. Common on sandbars to be expected elsewhere. [NEB] and near water. luncus longistylis. Long styled rush. Uncommon in Cyperus rivularis. Stream sedge. Occasional on sandbars prairie meadows and moist places.* and near water. luncus nodosus. Knotted rush. Occasional on riverbanks Cyperus sch weinitzii. Schweinitz sedge. Common In and other moist areas. sandy, dry or damp places. luncus torreyi. Torrey rush. Common along creeks, on Cyperus strigosus. Lean sedge. Occasional near water. sandbars, and in other moist areas. Eleocharis acicularis. Needle spikerush. Relatively JUDcaginaceae common at the edges of ponds and streams. Triglochin maritimum var. elata. Arrowgrass. Known Eleocharis erythropoda. Spikerush. Common in wet from moist low spots in prairie meadows south of the North places. Platte River in the extreme western part of the county.* Eleocharis macrostachya. Spikerush. In wet places. Lemnaceae Known from the edge of a seepage pond north of Ogallala. Lemna gibba. Duckweed. An infrequent floating aquatic; [NEB] known from Whitetail Creek headwaters. [NEB] Fimbristylis puberula var. interior. Fimbristylis. Lemna minor. Duckweed. A very common floating aquatic. Uncommon to locally common in wet places. Lemna perpusilla. Duckweed. An infrequent floating Hemicarpha micrantha. Rare in wet sand along streams. aquatic; known from Whitetail Creek headwaters. Known from near the North Platte River north of Paxton.* Spirodela polyrrhiza. Greater duckweed. A locally com­ Scirpus acutus. Hard-stem bulrush. Common in marshes mon floating aquatic. * and on streambanks. Wolffia borealis. Watermeal. A locally common floating Scirpus fluviatilis. River bulrush. Occasional in marshes aquatic, usually found mixed with other Lernnaceae.* and moist ground. * Wolffia columbiana. Watermeal. A locally common Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus. Prairie bulrush. floating aquatic, usually found mixed with other Lernnaceae.* Relatively common near water, especially along rivers and Lillaceae streams. Allium sativum. Garlic. Not common; probably persist­ Scirpus pallidus. Pale bulrush. Occasional in marshes and ing from cultivation. * moist ground. Keith County flora 99

Allium textile. Wild onion. Occasional in prairie, includ­ Andropogon saccharoides var. torreyanus. Silver ing sandhills prairie. bluestem. Rare in disturbed sites, known from south of Asparagus officinalis. Asparagus. Along roads and in Roscoe. [KANU] floodplains, persisting from cultivation and perhaps spread­ Andropogon scoparius Michx. Little bluestem. Common ing. * in prairie, including sandhills prairie. (K)* Leucocrinum montanum. Mountain lily. Dry prairie. Aristida purpurea var. longiseta. Fendler three-awn. Uncommon, known from a prairie dog town south of Common in prairie. (K) Ogallala. Aristida purpurea var. robusta. Red three-awn. Smilacina stellata. Spikenard. Common in moist, shaded Common in prairie, including sandhills prairie, and often in­ to somewhat open ground on floodplain. (K) tergradient with var. longiseta. (K) Najadaceae A vena fatua var. sativa. Oats. Occasional as a roadside Najas flexilis. Naiad. In ponds and lakes; known from waif.* Martin Bay Pond.* Bouteloua curtipendula. Sideoats grama. Common in Najas guadalupensis. Naiad. In ponds and lakes. prairies and along roadsides. (K)* Poaceae Bouteloua gracilis. Blue grama. Common in dry prairie A egilops cylindrica. Goatgrass. Locally common In (including sandhills prairie), also in waste ground. (K) waste ground.* Bouteloua hirsuta. Hairy grama. Scattered in prairie XAgrohordeum macounii. Known from disturbed area (especially sandhills prairie), most often where sandy or near lake Ogallala; presumed to be a hybrid of Agropyron rocky. caninum subsp. majus and Hordeum jubatum. (K)* Bromus inermis Leyss. var. inermis. Smooth brome. Agropyron caninum subsp. majus. Slender wheatgrass. Common along roads and in pastures. Occasional in moist ground. Bromus japonicus. Japanese brome. Common in pastures Agropyron cristatum. Crested wheatgrass. Occasional and prairies, especially where overgrazed. (K) along roads and in pastures.* Bromus tectorum. Downy brome. Very common in waste Agropyron elongatum. Tall wheatgrass. Occasional places and in pastures and prairies, especially where over­ along roads.* grazed. (K)* Agropyron repens. Quackgrass. Common in disturbed Buchlol dactyloides. Buffalo grass. Common in upland ground, often in ditches and wet places. * prairie, seldom in sandhills prairie. (K)* Agropyron smithii. Western wheatgrass. Common in Calamagrostis stricta. Reedgrass. Uncommon, along prairie, including sandhills prairie, and in disturbed places. streams. (K)* Calamovilfa longifolia. Sand reedgrass. Common in Agrostis exarata subsp. min 0 r. Spikebent. Rare, sand prairie and other sandy places. (K) known from the bank of Whitetail Creek, north of Keystone. Catabrosa aquatica. Brookgrass. Occasional in cold, [NEB] running water. Agrostis hyemalis. Ticklegrass. Occasional in low, Cenchrus longispinus. Sandbur. Common in waste moist ground. ground. (K)* Agrostis scabra. Ticklegrass. Occasional in damp Chloris verticillata. Windmill grass. Occasional in ground.* waste ground.* Agrostis stolonifera. Redtop. Common in moist, low Dactylis glomerata. Orchard grass. Occasional in low ground, especially in ditches. * ground, pastures, and disturbed areas. * Alopecurus aequalis. Short-awn foxtail. Common at Dichanthelium acuminatum var. acumlnatum. edges of streams and lakes, often in water. DichantheliulTl. Relatively uncommon, known from dis­ Alopecurus arundinaceus. Creeping foxtail. Locally in­ turbed ground near the North Platte River, but to be expected troduced. Known only from sandbars at the edge of the in a variety of habitats. North Platte River north of Sarben. This species is new to DicltantheUum oligosanthes var. scribnerianum. Nebraska.* Scribner dichanthelium. Scattered in dry prairie, including A ndropogon gerardii. Big bluestem. In prairie meadows sandhills prairie, and in disturbed ground. * and along roads, not usually growing where sandy.* Digitaria sanguinaUs. Hairy crabgrass. In disturbed Andropogon hallii. Sand bluestem. Relatively common ground.* in sandhills prairie and in sandy soil. (K) DistichUs spicata var. stricta. Saltgrass. In saline moist areas and along roadsides where moist or dry. 100 Keith County flora

Echinochloa crusgalli. Barnyard grass. Common in Muhlenbergia mexicana. Wirestem muhly. Occasional waste ground and wet areas.* in canyons, floodplain woods, and at woodland edges.* Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya. Barnyard Muhlenbergia pungens. Blowout grass. Occasional in grass. Common in waste ground and wet areas. loose sand, often in blowouts or washouts in sandhills Eleusine indica. Gaertn. Goose grass. A ruderal in prairie. * Ogallala.* Muhlenbergia racemosa. Marsh muhly. Occasional in Elymus canadensis. Canada wild rye. Occasional in open woods and disturbed, low ground. * prairies and along roads. Munroa squarrosa. False buffalo grass. Occasional in dis­ Elymus virginic us. Virginia wild rye. Occasional in turbed, dry ground. (K) prairies and along roads. Oryzopsis hymenoides. Indian ricegrass. Occasional in Eragrostis cf. barrelieri. Mediterranean lovegrass. Rare sandy soil and sandhills prairie. ruderal along road at Ogallala airport. (S)* o ryzop sis micrantha. Little-seed ricegrass. Common in Eragrostis cilianensis. Stinkgrass. Common in waste woods, especially under juniper. (K) ground. Panicum capillare. Common witchgrass. Common in dis­ Eragrostis hypnoides. Teal lovegrass. Occasional on turbed ground. sandy riverbanks and sandbars. Panicum dichotomiflorum. Fall panicum. An occasional Eragrostis minor. Little lovegrass. Occasional in waste ruderal in disturbed ground. * ground, especially in pavement cracks and compacted ground Panicum virgatum. Switchgrass. Common in low ground. of parking lots; also known from a gravel bar in the North (K) Platte River. * Paspalum setacem var. stramineum. Paspalum. Eragrostis pectinacea. Carolina lovegrass. Common in Occasional in sandy soil and disturbed ground. (K)* waste ground, especially in pavement cracks and compacted Phalaris arundinacea. Reed canary grass. Occasional in ground of parking lots, also in damp sandy ground along low ground, often near water. * riverbanks and sandbars. Phleum pratense. Timothy. Occasional in low ground Eragrostis spectabilis. Purple lovegrass. Occasional in especially where disturbed. * dry to moist pastures and roadsides and disturbed areas. * Phragmites australis. Common reed. Common in low Eragrostis trichodes. Sand lovegrass. Relatively com- ground along rivers and streams or in marshes. mon in sandhills prairie or in other sandy places. POll arida. Alkali bluegrass. Uncommon in low, moist Festuca arundinacea. Tall fescue. Occasional along roads ground.* and in pastures and lawns. * Poa compressa. Canada bluegrass. Occasional along roads, F estuca octoflora. Sixweeks fescue. Very common in in disturbed ground, and on gravel bars in sun or shade. * prairies, pastures and disturbed places. (K) Poa palustris. Fowl bluegrass. Occasional in damp Glyceria striata. Hitchc. Fowl mannagrass. Occasional ground.* in or near water.* POll pratensis. Kentucky bluegrass. Common on roadsides Hordeum jubatum. Foxtail barley. Very common along and in pastures, woods, and lawns. roads and in waste ground. Polypogoll interruptus. Rare along streams, known only Hordeum pusillum. Little barley. Occasional in disturbed from a canyon just west of Cedar Point Biological Station ground, prairie, including sandhills prairie. (K)* otherwise unknown from Nebraska or the Great Plains. (S)* Koeleria pyramidata. Junegrass. Common in prairie, in­ Polypogon monspeliensis. Rabbitfoot grass. Common cluding sandhills prairie. (K) along streams and in ditches. Leersia oryzoides. Rice cutgrass. Occasional in moist Puccinellia distans. Alkali-grass. Introduced in sandy ground, near water. * shore at Lake Ogallala; not common. (S)* Leptochloa fascicularis. Bearded sprangletop. Common Puccinellia nuttalliana. Alkali-grass. Occasional on in disturbed ground along roads and streams. sandbars and in other sandy, wet places.* Muhlenbergia asperifolia. Scratchgrass. Occasional in Redfieldia flexuosa. Blowout grass. Occasional in loose low, moist ground. sand, especially in blowouts or washouts in sandhills Muhlenbergia cuspidata. Plains mUhly. Common in prairie. * prairie. (K) Schedonnardus paniculatus. Tumblegrass. Relatively Muhlenbergia frondosa. Wirestem muhly. Occasional in common in dry, disturbed areas and in waste ground. * canyons, floodplain woods, in marshy ground, and at wood­ Secale cereale. Rye. Cultivated and sometimes persisting land edges. * in fields and along roads. * Keith County flora 101

Setaria faberi. Chinese foxtail. Uncommon in disturbed Typha latifolia. Broad-leaved cat-tail. Common In ground. (S)* marshes. The hybrid between T. angustifolia and T. Setaria glauca. Yellow foxtail. Common in disturbed latifolia (T. x glauca) also occurs occasionally. ground.* Zannlcbelliaceae Setaria viridis. Green foxtail. Common in disturbed Zallllichellia palustris. Horned pondweed. Submerged in ground. ponds, streams, and lakes. Sitanion hystrix var. brevifolium. Squirreltail. Occasional in dry prairie, . including sandhills prairie, and along roads. (K)* Sorghastrum nutans. Indian grass. Occasional in prairie (including sandhills prairie), prairie meadows, and along roads. Spartina gracilis. Alkali cordgrass. Uncommon in alka­ line meadows. * Spartina pectinata. Cordgrass. Locally common in moist, low ground. Sphenopholis obtusata var. obtusata. W edgegr ass. Occasional in wet meadows and low places. Sporobolus airoides. Alkali sacaton. Occasional in low ground and alkaline meadows.* Sporobolus asper var. asper. Rough dropseed. Known from gravel flats east of the mouth of Whitetail Creek. Sporobolus cryptandrus. Sand dropseed. Common in sandy ground. Stipa comata. Needle-and-thread. Very common in prairie. (K) Stipa viridula. Green needlegrass. In prairie and along roadsides. (K)* Triplasis purpurea. Sandgrass. Occasional in sandy, dis­ turbed ground. (K) Potamogetonaceae Potamogetoll crispus. Curly muckweed. A submerged aquatic. (S)* Potamogetoll filiformis. Slender pondweed. A rela- tively common submerged aquatic. * Potamogetoll folios us. Leafy pondweed. A relatively common submerged aquatic. Potamogetoll friesii. Fries' pondweed. An uncommon submerged aquatic. (S)* Potamogetoll pectillatus. Sago podweed. Submerged in shallow water; very common.* Potamogetoll pusillus. Baby pondweed. Submerged in shallow water; occasional. * Potamogetoll richardsonii. Clasping leaf pondweed. A relatively common submerged aquatic. (S)* Sparganlaceae Spargallium eurycarpum. Bur-reed. Occasional in marshes and along streams. Typbaceae Typha allgustifolia. Narrow-leaved cat-tail. Common in marshes.