The Tribe Centotheceae(Poaceae) in Thailand Tribe Centotheceae
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A Massively Parallel Pyrosequencing Analysi
How are plant and fungal communities linked to each other in belowground ecosystems? A massively parallel pyrosequencing analysis of the association specificity of root-associated fungi and their host plants Hirokazu Toju1,2, Hirotoshi Sato1,2, Satoshi Yamamoto1,2, Kohmei Kadowaki1,2, Akifumi S. Tanabe1, Shigenobu Yazawa3, Osamu Nishimura3 & Kiyokazu Agata3 1Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 2Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 3Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Keywords Abstract Common mycorrhizal network, endophytes, metagenomics, mycorrhizae, network theory, In natural forests, hundreds of fungal species colonize plant roots. The preference plant communities. or specificity for partners in these symbiotic relationships is a key to understand- ing how the community structures of root-associated fungi and their host plants Correspondence influence each other. In an oak-dominated forest in Japan, we investigated the Hirokazu Toju, Graduate School of Human root-associated fungal community based on a pyrosequencing analysis of the and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, roots of 33 plant species. Of the 387 fungal taxa observed, 153 (39.5%) were iden- Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. tified on at least two plant species. Although many mycorrhizal and root-endo- Tel: +81-75-753-6766; Fax: +81-75-753- 6722; E-mail: [email protected] phytic fungi are shared between the plant species, the five most common plant species in the community had specificity in their association with fungal taxa. Funding Information Likewise, fungi displayed remarkable variation in their association specificity for This work was supported by the Funding plants even within the same phylogenetic or ecological groups. -
Viruses Virus Diseases Poaceae(Gramineae)
Viruses and virus diseases of Poaceae (Gramineae) Viruses The Poaceae are one of the most important plant families in terms of the number of species, worldwide distribution, ecosystems and as ingredients of human and animal food. It is not surprising that they support many parasites including and more than 100 severely pathogenic virus species, of which new ones are being virus diseases regularly described. This book results from the contributions of 150 well-known specialists and presents of for the first time an in-depth look at all the viruses (including the retrotransposons) Poaceae(Gramineae) infesting one plant family. Ta xonomic and agronomic descriptions of the Poaceae are presented, followed by data on molecular and biological characteristics of the viruses and descriptions up to species level. Virus diseases of field grasses (barley, maize, rice, rye, sorghum, sugarcane, triticale and wheats), forage, ornamental, aromatic, wild and lawn Gramineae are largely described and illustrated (32 colour plates). A detailed index Sciences de la vie e) of viruses and taxonomic lists will help readers in their search for information. Foreworded by Marc Van Regenmortel, this book is essential for anyone with an interest in plant pathology especially plant virology, entomology, breeding minea and forecasting. Agronomists will also find this book invaluable. ra The book was coordinated by Hervé Lapierre, previously a researcher at the Institut H. Lapierre, P.-A. Signoret, editors National de la Recherche Agronomique (Versailles-France) and Pierre A. Signoret emeritus eae (G professor and formerly head of the plant pathology department at Ecole Nationale Supérieure ac Agronomique (Montpellier-France). Both have worked from the late 1960’s on virus diseases Po of Poaceae . -
Grasses of the Texas Hill Country: Vegetative Key and Descriptions
Hagenbuch, K.W. and D.E. Lemke. 2015. Grasses of the Texas Hill Country: Vegetative key and descriptions. Phytoneuron 2015-4: 1–93. Published 7 January 2015. ISSN 2153 733X GRASSES OF THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY: VEGETATIVE KEY AND DESCRIPTIONS KARL W. HAGENBUCH Department of Biological Sciences San Antonio College 1300 San Pedro Avenue San Antonio, Texas 78212-4299 [email protected] DAVID E. LEMKE Department of Biology Texas State University 601 University Drive San Marcos, Texas 78666-4684 [email protected] ABSTRACT A key and a set of descriptions, based solely on vegetative characteristics, is provided for the identification of 66 genera and 160 grass species, both native and naturalized, of the Texas Hill Country. The principal characters used (features of longevity, growth form, roots, rhizomes and stolons, culms, leaf sheaths, collars, auricles, ligules, leaf blades, vernation, vestiture, and habitat) are discussed and illustrated. This treatment should prove useful at times when reproductive material is not available. Because of its size and variation in environmental conditions, Texas provides habitat for well over 700 species of grasses (Shaw 2012). For identification purposes, the works of Correll and Johnston (1970); Gould (1975) and, more recently, Shaw (2012) treat Texas grasses in their entirety. In addition to these comprehensive works, regional taxonomic treatments have been done for the grasses of the Cross Timbers and Prairies (Hignight et al. 1988), the South Texas Brush Country (Lonard 1993; Everitt et al. 2011), the Gulf Prairies and Marshes (Hatch et al. 1999), and the Trans-Pecos (Powell 1994) natural regions. In these, as well as in numerous other manuals and keys, accurate identification of grass species depends on the availability of reproductive material. -
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Chronic Urticaria and Psoriasis Vulgaris: Clinical Evidence and Patient Experience
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Chronic Urticaria and Psoriasis Vulgaris: Clinical Evidence and Patient Experience A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Jingjie Yu BMed, MMed School of Health & Biomedical Sciences College of Science, Engineering and Health RMIT University August 2017 Declaration I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program; and, any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged. Jingjie Yu __________________ Date 21 August 2017 i Acknowledgements First, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my parents, Mr Mingzhong Yu and Mrs Fengqiong Lv, for your endless love, encouragement and support throughout these years. I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisors, Professor Charlie Changli Xue, Professor Chuanjian Lu, Associate Professor Anthony Lin Zhang and Dr Meaghan Coyle. To my joint senior supervisor, Professor Charlie Changli Xue, thank you for providing me the opportunity to undertake a PhD at RMIT University. To my joint senior supervisor, Professor Chuanjian Lu, thank you for teaching me the truth in life and for the guidance you have given me since I stepped into your consultation room in our hospital seven years ago. To my joint associate supervisor Associate Professor Anthony Lin Zhang, I thank you for your continuous guidance and support during my study at RMIT University. -
GRAPHIE by Cornelia D. Niles with INTRODUCTION and BOTANICAL
A BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF BEAUVOIS' AGROSTO- • GRAPHIE By Cornelia D. Niles WITH INTRODUCTION AND BOTANICAL NOTES By Aones Chase nrntODTJCTiON The Essai d?une Nouvelle Agrostographie ; ou Nouveaux Genres des Graminees; avec figures representant les Oaracteres de tous les Genres, by A. M. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois, published in 1812, is, from the standpoint of the nomenclature of grasses, a very important work, its importance being due principally to its innumerable errors, less so because of its scientific value. In this small volume 69 new genera are proposed and some 640 new species, new binomials, and new names are published. Of the 69 genera proposed 31 are to-day recognized as valid, and of the 640 names about 61 are commonly accepted. There is probably not a grass flora of any considerable region anywhere in the world that does not contain some of Beauvois' names. Many of the new names are made in such haphazard fashion that they are incorrectly listed in the Index Kewensis. There are, besides, a number of misspelled names that have found their way into botanical literature. The inaccuracies are so numerous and the cita- tions so incomplete that only a trained bibliographer* could solve the many puzzles presented. Cornelia D. Niles in connection with her work on the bibliography of grasses, maintained in the form of a card catalogue in the Grass Herbarium, worked out the basis in literature of each of these new names. The botanical problems involved, the interpretation of descriptions and figures, were worked out by Agnes Chase, who is also respon- sible for the translation and summaries from the Advertisement, Introduction, and Principles. -
Sustainable Sourcing : Markets for Certified Chinese
SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: MARKETS FOR CERTIFIED CHINESE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS In collaboration with SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: MARKETS FOR CERTIFIED CHINESE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: MARKETS FOR CERTIFIED CHINESE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS Abstract for trade information services ID=43163 2016 SITC-292.4 SUS International Trade Centre (ITC) Sustainable Sourcing: Markets for Certified Chinese Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Geneva: ITC, 2016. xvi, 141 pages (Technical paper) Doc. No. SC-2016-5.E This study on the market potential of sustainably wild-collected botanical ingredients originating from the People’s Republic of China with fair and organic certifications provides an overview of current export trade in both wild-collected and cultivated botanical, algal and fungal ingredients from China, market segments such as the fair trade and organic sectors, and the market trends for certified ingredients. It also investigates which international standards would be the most appropriate and applicable to the special case of China in consideration of its biodiversity conservation efforts in traditional wild collection communities and regions, and includes bibliographical references (pp. 139–140). Descriptors: Medicinal Plants, Spices, Certification, Organic Products, Fair Trade, China, Market Research English For further information on this technical paper, contact Mr. Alexander Kasterine ([email protected]) The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland (www.intracen.org) Suggested citation: International Trade Centre (2016). Sustainable Sourcing: Markets for Certified Chinese Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, International Trade Centre, Geneva, Switzerland. This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. -
Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Genomic GC Content
Ecological and evolutionary significance of genomic GC PNAS PLUS content diversity in monocots a,1 a a b c,d e a a Petr Smarda , Petr Bures , Lucie Horová , Ilia J. Leitch , Ladislav Mucina , Ettore Pacini , Lubomír Tichý , Vít Grulich , and Olga Rotreklováa aDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic; bJodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW93DS, United Kingdom; cSchool of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; dCentre for Geographic Analysis, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; and eDepartment of Life Sciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy Edited by T. Ryan Gregory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada, and accepted by the Editorial Board August 5, 2014 (received for review November 11, 2013) Genomic DNA base composition (GC content) is predicted to signifi- arises from the stronger stacking interaction between GC bases cantly affect genome functioning and species ecology. Although and the presence of a triple compared with a double hydrogen several hypotheses have been put forward to address the biological bond between the paired bases (19). In turn, these interactions impact of GC content variation in microbial and vertebrate organ- seem to be important in conferring stability to higher order isms, the biological significance of GC content diversity in plants structures of DNA and RNA transcripts (11, 20). In bacteria, for remains unclear because of a lack of sufficiently robust genomic example, an increase in GC content correlates with a higher data. Using flow cytometry, we report genomic GC contents for temperature optimum and a broader tolerance range for a spe- 239 species representing 70 of 78 monocot families and compare cies (21, 22). -
Terra Australis 30
terra australis 30 Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and island Melanesia — lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. Since the beginning of the series, the basic colour on the spine and cover has distinguished the regional distribution of topics as follows: ochre for Australia, green for New Guinea, red for South-East Asia and blue for the Pacific Islands. From 2001, issues with a gold spine will include conference proceedings, edited papers and monographs which in topic or desired format do not fit easily within the original arrangements. All volumes are numbered within the same series. List of volumes in Terra Australis Volume 1: Burrill Lake and Currarong: Coastal Sites in Southern New South Wales. R.J. Lampert (1971) Volume 2: Ol Tumbuna: Archaeological Excavations in the Eastern Central Highlands, Papua New Guinea. J.P. White (1972) Volume 3: New Guinea Stone Age Trade: The Geography and Ecology of Traffic in the Interior. I. Hughes (1977) Volume 4: Recent Prehistory in Southeast Papua. B. Egloff (1979) Volume 5: The Great Kartan Mystery. R. Lampert (1981) Volume 6: Early Man in North Queensland: Art and Archaeology in the Laura Area. A. Rosenfeld, D. Horton and J. Winter (1981) Volume 7: The Alligator Rivers: Prehistory and Ecology in Western Arnhem Land. -
Supplementary Materialsupplementary Material
Supplementary Materials 10.1071/RJ16076_AC © CSIRO 2017 Supplementary Material: Rangeland Journal, 2017, 39(1), 85–95. Assessing the invasion threat of non-native plant species in protected areas using Herbarium specimen and ecological survey data. A case study in two rangeland bioregions in Queensland Michael R. NgugiA,B and Victor John NeldnerA AQueensland Herbarium, Department of Science Information Technology and Innovation, Mt Coot- tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia. BCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Table S1. List of native species in Cape York Peninsula and Desert Uplands bioregions Cape York Peninsula native Species Desert Uplands native Species Abelmoschus ficulneus Abelmoschus ficulneus Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. Tuberosus Abildgaardia ovata Abildgaardia ovata Abildgaardia vaginata Abildgaardia vaginata Abutilon arenarium Abrodictyum brassii Abutilon calliphyllum Abrodictyum obscurum Abutilon fraseri Abroma molle Abutilon hannii Abrophyllum ornans Abutilon leucopetalum Abrus precatorius L. subsp. precatorius Abutilon malvifolium Abutilon albescens Abutilon nobile Domin Abutilon auritum Abutilon otocarpum Abutilon micropetalum Abutilon oxycarpum Acacia armillata Abutilon oxycarpum Acacia armitii Abutilon oxycarpum var. incanum Acacia aulacocarpa Abutilon oxycarpum var. subsagittatum Acacia auriculiformis Acacia acradenia Acacia brassii Acacia adsurgens Acacia calyculata Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth. var. aneura Acacia celsa Acacia aneura var. major Pedley Acacia chisholmii Acacia angusta Maiden -
Grasses and Grasslands
Grasses and Grasslands – Sensitization on the • Characteristics • Identification • Ecology • Utilisation Of Grasses by MANOJ CHANDRAN IFS Chief Conservator of Forests Govt. of Uttarakhand Grasses and Grasslands • Grass – A member of Family Poaceae • Cyperaceae- Sedges • Juncaceae - Rushes • Grassland – A vegetation community predominated by herbs and other grass or grass like plants including undergrowth trees. Temperate and Tropical Grasslands • Prairies • Pampas • Steppes • Veldt • Savanna Major Grassland types (old classification) • Dabadghao & Shankarnarayan (1973) – Sehima – Dichanthium type – Dichanthium - Cenchrus – Lasiurus type – Phragmites – Saccharum – Imperata type – Themeda – Arundinella type – Cymbopogon – Pennisetum type – Danthonia – Poa type Revised Grassland Types of India (2015) 1. Coastal Grasslands 2. Riverine Alluvial Grasslands 3. Montane Grasslands 4. Sub-Himalayan Tall Grasslands of Terai region 5. Tropical Savannas 6. Wet Grasslands Grassland types of India 1- Coastal grasslands – Sea beaches (mainland and islands) – Salt marshes – Mangrove grasslands Sea beach grasslands, Spinifex littoreus Salt marsh grasslands, Rann of Kutch 2. Riverine Alluvial grasslands Corbett NP, Katerniaghat WLS 3. Montane grasslands – Himalayan subtropical grasslands – Himalayan temperate grasslands – Alpine meadows – Trans-himalayan Steppes – Grasslands of North East Hills – Grasslands of Central Highlands – Western Ghats • Plateaus of North WG, Shola grasslands and South WG – Eastern ghats – Montane Bamboo brakes Alpine meadows, Kedarnath Alpine meadows Mamla/Ficchi – Danthonia cachemyriana Cordyceps sinensis – Yar-tsa Gam-bu Annual Migration Montane grasslands of NE Hills, Dzukou valley Montane bamboo brakes of Dzukou valley, Nagaland Shola Grasslands, South Western Ghats Pine forest grasslands, Uttarakhand Central Highlands, Pachmarhi, MP Trans-Himalayan Steppes Grazing in trans-Himalayan steppe Tibetan steppe, Mansarovar Tibetan steppe 4. Sub-himalayan Tall Grasslands of Terai Region 5. -
Flora De Veracruz POACEAE V PANICOIDEAE: TRIBU
Flora de Veracruz Publicada por el Instituto de Ecología A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz, México Fascículo 153 Abril 2011 POACEAE V PANICOIDEAE: TRIBU CENTOTHECEAE Ana María Soriano Martínez y Patricia D. Dávila Aranda Tribu CENTOTHECEAE Ridl. Centothecinae Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 31. 1881. Zeugitinae Caro, Dominguezia 4: 41. 1982. Plantas herbáceas, anuales o perennes, rizomatosas o estoloníferas. Culmos simples o ramificados. Hojas caulinares, en ocasiones basales, persistentes; vainas glabradas, pilosas o híspidas; lígulas membranosas, ciliadas o membranosas, los márgenes ciliados; pseudopecíolo generalmente presente, glabrado o híspido; aurículas ausentes o Flora de Veracruz presentes; láminas ovadas, lanceoladas o elípticas, planas; venación teselada. Inflorescencia una panícula o un racimo; espiguillas comprimidas lateralmente, uni o multifloscular, la superior generalmente reducida, las inferiores, perfectas o unisexuales, desarticulación por debajo de las glumas; glumas más cortas que las lemas, foliáceas; lemas foliáceas, con o sin arista, 5-9 nervadas; palea 2 nervada; lodículas 2, carnosas, cuneadas, truncadas; estambres 1-3; estigmas 2; cariopsis elipsoidal o aplanado lateralmente; hilo basal, puntiforme. Referencias BARKER, N.P., H.P. LINDER & E.H. HARLEY. 1995. Polyphyly of Arundinoideae (Poaceae): Evidence from rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20: 423-435. CLARK, L.G., W. ZHANG & J.F. WENDEL. 1995. A phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae) based on ndhF sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20: 436- 460. CLAYTON, W.D. & S.A. RENVOIZE. 1986. Genera Graminum, grasses of the world. Her Majesty´s Stationary Office. London, England. DÁVILA, P., M.T. MEJÍA-SAULÉS, M. GÓMEZ-SÁNCHEZ, J. VALDÉS-REYNA, J.J. ORTÍZ, C. MORÍN, J. CASTREJÓN & A. OCAMPO. 2006. Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México. -
3J Mm Long, Awn 2—2\ Cm, —9 Times As Long As New Guinea Ph
Notes on Malesian grasses. V. New species and combinations in Pheidochloa, Hyparrhenia, and Leptochloa J.F. Veldkamp Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands PHEIDOCHLOA Recent from New Guinea contained which could be referred collections grasses only the Pheidochloa Blake to genus S. T. (Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 56, 1945, 20), a monotypic known from Australia and genus so far only North Queensland. The genus seems closely related to Eriachne R. Br., but differs from it by the very unequal glumes, the subterete florets with a deep longitudinal furrow formed by the strongly involuted margins of the lemma, the slender and acute callus, and a cylindric caryopsis. from Ph. Blake The New Guinea specimens differed in several aspects gracilis S. T. and the of The description anew species seems warranted. differences are shown in the follow- ing key. I. Plant branched from nearly every node, bearing axillary, subsessile to shortly peduncled inflorescences terminal Lower next to long-pcduncled ones. glume 4 —5J mm long, upper glume 7 —11 mm long. Lemmas 3J —5 mm long, awn 2—4 cm, 5—8 times as long as lemma. Palea 3— mm long. Caryopsis Ph. 2—2£ mm long. Australia I. gracilis 1. Plant branched, inflorescences long-peduncledand terminal only. Lower glume2|—3f mm long, upper —6 Lemmas 8 lemma. Palea glume\\ mm long. 2J—3J mm long, awn 2—2\ cm, —9 times as long as New Guinea Ph. 2—2| mm long. Caryopsis mm long. 2. vulpioides Pheidochloa — vulpioides Veldkamp, sp. nov. Type: Ridsdale NGF 33545 (L). Differt a Ph. gracili S. T. Blake in spiralis minoribus, absentia inflorescentiarum subsessilium vel breve pedunculatarum insignium.