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Bosnia and Herzegovina POLITICAL PLURALISM AND INTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACY POLITICAL PLURALISM AND INTERNAL PARTY POLITICAL PLURALISM AND INTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACY NATIONAL STUDY FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA POLITICAL PLURALISM AND INTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACY National Study for Bosnia and Herzegovina POLITICAL PLURALISM AND INTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACY National Study for Bosnia and Herzegovina Publisher: Centar za monitoring i istraživanje CeMI UTICAJ PERSONALNOG GLASANJA NABul. UNUTARPARTIJSKU Josipa Broza 23A DEMOKRATIJU – SLUČAJ CRNA 81 000GORA Podgorica e-mail: cemi@t-com .me www.cemi.org.me Izdavač: For Publisher: Zlatko Vujović Editors: Nermina Mujagić Suad Arnautović Centar za monitoring i istraživanja CeMI Bul. Josipa Broza 23A Reviewer: 81 000 Podgorica Amer Osmić e‐mail: cemi@t‐com.me www.cemi.org.me Za izdavaAuthors:ča: Suad Arnautović Nermina Mujagić mr Zlatko Vujović Autori: Damir Kapidžić Amer Osmić Prof. dr Vladimir Goati Elma Huruz Prof. dr Srđan Darmanović Doc. dr Boris Vukićević Design: Studiomr Zlatko Vujović Mouse - Podgorica mr Nikoleta Tomović mr Vlado Dedović LayoutDizajn: and printing: Studio Mouse - Podgorica Studio Mouse ‐ Podgorica Pripema i štampa: Circulation: 300 Studio Mouse ‐ Podgorica Tiraž: The RRPP promotes social science research in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia). Social science research aids in the understanding of the specific reform needs of countries in the region300 and in identifying the long-term implications of policy NAPOMENA:choices. Researchers receive support through research grants, methodological and thematic trainings as well as opportunities for regional and international networking and mentoring. The RRPP is coordinated and operated by theOva studija je izrađena u okviru Regionalnog programa za promoc Interfaculty Institute for Central and Eastern Europe (IICEE) at the iju istraživanja na University of Fribourg Zapadnom Balkanu (RRPP), kojim rukovodi Univerzitet u Friburgu,(Switzerland). The programme is fully funded by the Swiss Agency uz podršku Švajcarske agencije for Development and Cooperation za razvoj i saradnju (SDC), Saveznog odjeljenja za spoljnu poli(SDC), Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. tiku. Mišljenja i stavovi izraženi u ovoj studiji predstavljaju stavove autora i ne odražavaju nužno The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent opinions of the zvanične stavove Švajcarske agenSDC and the University of Fribourg.cije za razvoj i saradnju i Univerziteta u Friburgu. Suad Arnautović Nermina Mujagić Damir Kapidžić Amer Osmić Elma Huruz POLITICAL PLURALISM AND INTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACY National Study for Bosnia and Herzegovina BALKAN COMPARATIVE ELECTORAL STUDY: IMPACT OF PERSONAL VOTE ON INTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACY National Study for Bosnia and Herzegovina Table of contents FOREWORD ...........................................................................................................................7 1. POLITICAL SYSTEM ...................................................................................................13 Nermina Mujagić 1.1. Historical overview ..............................................................................................................13 1.1.1 Bosnian Medieval Statehood ....................................................................................13 1.1.2 Turkish Occupation (1463 – 1878) ..........................................................................14 1.1.3 The Austro-Hungarian Rule (1878-1918) ...............................................................15 1.1.4 South Slavic Embrace .................................................................................................17 1.1.5 The Second World War and resumption of the territorial integrity of BiH .......18 1.2. BiH independence after the breakup of Yugoslavia – legal aspect ................................20 1.3. Current political system and constitutional order ..........................................................22 1.3.1 Constitutional anarchy during the state of war ......................................................22 1.3.2 The Dayton Agreement and building of concordant democracy............ .............23 1.3.3 The international administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina .............................26 1.4 Legislative powers ................................................................................................................27 1.4.1 Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina ...........................................27 1.5 Executive powers .................................................................................................................30 1.5.1 Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina ...................................................................30 1.5.2 Certain specificities of the decision-making process of the BiH Presidency .....31 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................32 2. PARTY SYSTEM ............................................................................................................35 Damir Kapidžić Introduction ..................................................................................................................................35 2.1 Introduction of a multi-party system and development of political pluralism since 1990 .............................................................................................................................36 2.2 Structure of social divisions in Bosnia and Herzegovina ...............................................39 2.3 The legal basis for establishing and financing of political parties .................................40 2.3.1 Establishment and registration of political parties ................................................41 2.3.2 Financing of political parties ....................................................................................42 2.4 Political parties at BiH Parliamentary Elections, 1996-2014 .........................................44 2.4.1 Statistical overview of partiesthat participated in the BiH Parliamentary Elections ....................................................................................44 2.4.2 Elective parties and the number of effective parties ..............................................47 2.4.3 Party coalitions ...........................................................................................................49 2.5 Relevant parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina ...................................................................49 2.5.1 Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH) ................50 2.5.2 Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) ..............................................51 2.5.3 Social-democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDP) ................................51 2.5.4 Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) ..............................................................................52 2.5.5 Party of Democratic Action (SDA) ..........................................................................52 2.5.6 Other relevant parties ................................................................................................53 Conclusion: Stability of the party system of Bosnia and Herzegovina .................................55 5 Political Pluralism and Internal Party Democracy 3. ELECTORAL SYSTEM ..................................................................................................59 Suad Arnautović 3.1 Electoral units - introduction.............................................................................................59 3.1.1 Electoral units in Bosnia and Herzegovina .............................................................62 3.2 Types of ballots – Voting procedure ..................................................................................66 3.3 Translating votes into electoral mandates ........................................................................75 3.4 Harmonization of the electoral system with international standards ..........................77 3.4.1 The secrecy of the vote ...............................................................................................82 3.4.2 Universal suffrage .......................................................................................................83 3.4.3 Direct suffrage.............................................................................................................83 3.4.4. Equality...... .................................................................................................................85 3.4.5. Freedom of expression ..............................................................................................85 Instead of conclusion ...................................................................................................................86 4. ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS AND GENERAL ELECTIONS 1996-2014 ....................91 Amer Osmić Introduction ................... ..............................................................................................................91 4.1 Electoral campaign and electionsfor the first term of the BiH Parliamentary Assembly (1996-1998).......................................................................92 4.2 Electoral campaign and elections for the second term of the BiH Parliamentary Assembly (1998-2000).......................................................................93 4.3 Electoral
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