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Cumulative Impact Study Uruguay Pulp Mills

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Cumulative Impact Study Uruguay Pulp Mills Cumulative Impact Study Uruguay Pulp Mills September 2006 Prepared by: In association with: CUMULATIVE IMPACT STUDY – URUGUAY PULP MILLS Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREAMBLE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES.i 1.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1.1 1.1 Locations and Setting...........................................................................................1.2 1.2 Overview of the Projects ......................................................................................1.3 1.3 Economic Development.......................................................................................1.4 1.4 Regulatory Context..............................................................................................1.5 1.5 Opposition to the Pulp Mills..................................................................................1.6 1.6 The Cumulative Impact Assessment....................................................................1.7 1.7 Project Team........................................................................................................1.9 1.8 Cross Reference to the Hatfield Report ...............................................................1.9 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................................2.1 2.1 Wood Supply........................................................................................................2.2 2.2 Project Features...................................................................................................2.6 2.3 Selection of Mill Sites ...........................................................................................2.7 2.3.1 ENCE Site Selection Process...................................................................2.8 2.3.2 Botnia Site Selection Process ..................................................................2.9 2.3.3 Summary of the Site Selection Processes .............................................2.12 2.4 Ports ...............................................................................................................2.12 2.4.1 M’Bopicuá Port.......................................................................................2.12 2.4.2 Nueva Palmira Port ................................................................................2.14 2.4.3 Port at Botnia Mill ...................................................................................2.14 2.4.4 Fray Bentos Port ....................................................................................2.15 2.4.5 Montevideo Port.....................................................................................2.15 2.5 Bleached Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Mill Processes.................................................2.16 2.5.1 Mill Processes: Wood Handling and Biomass Management.................2.16 2.5.2 Mill Processes: Pulping .........................................................................2.17 2.5.3 Mill Processes: Chemical Recovery ......................................................2.17 2.5.4 Mill Processes: Bleaching .....................................................................2.19 2.5.5 Mill Processes: Pulp Drying...................................................................2.20 2.5.6 Mill Processes: Water Usage and Effluent Treatment...........................2.20 2.5.7 Summary Statement Regarding BAT Analysis for the Botnia-Orion Pulp Mill..................................................................................................2.23 2.5.8 Summary Statement Regarding BAT Analysis for the ENCE-CMB Pulp Mill..................................................................................................2.23 2.6 Bleaching Processes..........................................................................................2.23 Ref. 06-1344 September 2006 i CUMULATIVE IMPACT STUDY – URUGUAY PULP MILLS Table of Contents Page 2.7 Evaluation of Emissions and Effluents ...............................................................2.26 2.8 Schedules and Timelines ...................................................................................2.31 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SETTING......................................................3.1 3.1 Overview of the Land Features ............................................................................3.1 3.2 Overview of the Aquatic Environment ..................................................................3.3 3.2.1 River Setting and Hydrology.....................................................................3.3 3.2.2 Existing Water Quality ..............................................................................3.4 3.2.3 Existing Sediment Quality ........................................................................3.6 3.2.4 Fish Community.......................................................................................3.7 3.2.5 Aquatic Invertebrates...............................................................................3.7 3.2.6 Contaminants in Aquatic Biota .................................................................3.8 3.3 Overview of the Social Setting .............................................................................3.8 4.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT .............................................................4.1 4.1 Methodology.........................................................................................................4.2 4.1.1 CIS Process...........................................................................................4.2 4.1.2 Public Consultation and Engagement ...................................................4.5 4.1.3 Analysis of Cumulative Impacts.............................................................4.7 4.1.3.1 Methodology for Assessment of Air Quality............................4.7 4.1.3.2 Methodology for Assessment of Water Quality ......................4.9 4.2 Plantations .........................................................................................................4.27 4.2.1 Conversion of Additional Land to Plantations......................................4.28 4.2.2 Plantation Development by Other Third Parties ..................................4.29 4.2.3 Additional Plantation Development in Other Areas of Uruguay...........4.29 4.2.4 Plantation Development in Natural Forests.........................................4.30 4.2.5 Land Ownership..................................................................................4.30 4.2.6 Soil and Water Management ...............................................................4.31 4.3 Biodiversity and Natural Habitats .......................................................................4.32 4.4 Air Quality Impacts .............................................................................................4.33 4.4.1 Air Receptor 1, the Areas Adjacent to the Mill Properties ...................4.34 4.4.2 Air Receptor 2, the City of Fray Bentos...............................................4.35 4.4.3 Air Receptor 3, the City of Mercedes...................................................4.36 4.4.4 Air Receptor 4, the City of Nuevo Berlin..............................................4.37 4.4.5 Air Receptor 5, the Beach Resort of Las Cañas..................................4.37 4.4.6 Air Receptor 6, the Beach Area of Playa Ubici....................................4.38 4.4.7 Air Receptor 7, the International Bridge ..............................................4.38 4.4.8 Air Receptor 8, the City of Gualeguaychú, Argentina..........................4.38 4.4.9 Air Receptor 9, the Beach Area at Ñandubaysal, Argentina ...............4.39 4.4.10 Air Receptor 10, Beyond the International Bridge, Argentina..............4.40 4.4.11 Summary of Potential Effects on Ambient Air Quality .........................4.41 Ref. 06-1344 September 2006 ii CUMULATIVE IMPACT STUDY – URUGUAY PULP MILLS Table of Contents Page 4.5 Noise .............................................................................................................4.44 4.5.1 ENCE...................................................................................................4.44 4.5.2 Botnia..................................................................................................4.45 4.5.3 Summary of Potential Noise Effects....................................................4.46 4.6 Water Quality Impacts........................................................................................4.47 4.6.1 Effluent Exposure in the Río Uruguay .................................................4.47 4.6.2 Potential for Effects at Receptor Locations .........................................4.48 4.6.2.1 Water Receptor 1, Río Uruguay at the Botnia and ENCE Diffusers.....................................................................4.48 4.6.2.2 Water Receptor 2, Río Uruguay at Yaguareté Bay ..............4.49 4.6.2.3 Water Receptor 3, Playa Ubici at the Downstream Edge of Yaguareté Bay .................................................................4.52 4.6.2.4 Water Receptor 4, Fray Bentos Drinking Water Intake.........4.52 4.6.2.5 Water Receptor 5, Beach Area near Arroyo Fray Bentos.....4.54 4.6.2.6 Water Receptor 6, Beach Area at Las Cañas.......................4.54 4.6.2.7 Water Receptor 7, Río de la Plata ........................................4.54 4.6.2.8 Water Receptor 8, Esteros de Farrapos e Islas del Río Uruguay ................................................................................4.55
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