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Uruguay 2018 International Religious Freedom Report
URUGUAY 2018 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution provides for freedom of religion and affirms the state does not support any particular religion. Legal statutes prohibit discrimination based on religion. The government launched an interagency, computer-based system to monitor and report on issues of discrimination, including discrimination based on religion. A judge sentenced four individuals to probation for aggravated violence and hate crimes after they were convicted of physically and psychologically attacking a colleague on religious and racial grounds. Two Jewish travelers were denied entry into a hostel. The government condemned the act, referred the case to the interagency antidiscrimination committee, opened an investigation, and closed the hostel. Some government officials made public statements and wore clothing disparaging the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. In November media reported that Minister of Education Maria Julia Munoz called evangelical Protestant churches “the plague that grows” in a WhatsApp group. The government’s official commitment to secularism at times generated controversy between religious groups and political leaders. Religious organizations welcomed opportunities for dialogue with the government on religious freedom. The installation of religious monuments in public places continued to generate tensions. The government approved two cemetery sites for the Islamic community. The government supported several events commemorating the Holocaust, including -
Taxonomy, Geographic Distribution, Conservation and Species Boundaries in Calydorea Azurea Group (Iridaceae: Tigridieae)1 Introd
BALDUINIA, n. 64, p. 19-33, 04-XI-2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2358198035734 TAXONOMY, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, CONSERVATION AND SPECIES BOUNDARIES IN CALYDOREA AZUREA GROUP (IRIDACEAE: TIGRIDIEAE)1 LEONARDO PAZ DEBLE2 ANABELA SILVEIRA DE OLIVEIRA DEBLE3 FABIANO DA SILVA ALVES4 LUIZ FELIPE GARCIA5 SABRINA ARIANE OVIEDO REFIEL LOPES6 ABSTRACT For this study were performed observations in populations of Calydorea azurea Klatt and allied taxa, along of the ecosystems of the Río de La Plata Grasslands, geographic extent where occur this group. For the complementation of the data were examined collections deposited in the principal herbaria of southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, and were analyzed image of types and others collections available. All studied species were photographed and its populations geo-referenced. It are recognized six species: C. alba Roitman & Castillo, C. azurea, C. charruana Deble, C. luteola (Klatt) Baker, C. minima Roitman & Castillo and C. riograndensis Deble. C. azurea is cited for Brazil, C. charruana is added to Argentinian flora, C. luteola has its taxonomic delimitation established, and its occurrence is extended up to the northern Uruguay. The geographic distribution of C. riograndensis is reestablished, in view of three collections mentioned in the protologue are identified as belonging at others species. All species studied are described, illustrated through of photos, being presented data about geographic distribution, ecology and conservation. Keywords: Basin of Rio de La Plata; Bulbous; Ecology; Grasslands Ecosystems; Pampa Biome. RESUMO [Taxonomia, distribuição geográfica, conservação e limites entre as espécies no grupo de Calydorea azurea (Iridaceae: Tigridieae)]. Para este estudo foram feitas observações na natureza de populações de Calydorea azurea Klatt e táxons afins, ao longo dos ecossistemas campestres do entorno da Bacia do Prata, espaço geográfico onde se distri- bui o grupo em estudo. -
To Prisoners of War
BLACK COMMUNITY NEWS SERVICE • 25¢ VOL:1 NOV.•DEC. NO 6 :1•72 BLAClt PANTHER PARTY lmerica's 'lraat lbite Hape' Squashed! What Next Black People !? ! ' Now More Tllt111Ever! FREE William D. Blakemore DITORIAJ ... • Lackey of U S Sr ae J. l11aperial ism The recent for•y• into Syria and Le.- "!he lla?oa and Palmoch, An illegal Ae the world "°"r._coils in hor .-., by Israeli Zionln "'1Ut,,.ry and ,,.,llarmed n:ilitary oq;,mi,ation rer at the attacl<-s on the "cho<.on pen forces, a.llegadly for "security pwc with a central c0111111andand ouhidl..ary ple", one r.a,i rc,.dily see the p.aradoK pOeeoTI, but in r.,,lity are reprisal terrltoi:ial c°"""'ruls which incluceci -the oppresaed have become the opprcs for the recent "ttac~ by "Mab ten women, •riz:- sors, the people of the hook, the men oriote". As Karl Deutsch puts it, A static force co11~•ed of set of light, tha victilnS of Russi.an pog "control of the eocUl institutions tlers and townsfolk, dth an estim.at roms, of Nazi genocide, of Da.c:hau and of 111ass Callllalnication», and geneicd e<l etrength of 40,~00; other Polish concentrati= camps oave ly of the stQ"rAf;e and t:ranomieoion £ Hold '"'"Y,b«oed on the J... changed role~- Thi• is the dileillS!l of of infon>ation, is an obvi....., ,,.jor ish settl""""'t ~hce a.Ko tntned '-" modern times. It c1 ... dy «v._.ls <he c=p<>n"llt of power". The Zioni,t abi """e n<>Hle operations, with an uti eth,..,centris0t of tho western i"'!'~ial. -
Biochemical Comparison of Two Hypostomus Populations (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Atlântico Stream of the Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil
Genetics and Molecular Biology, 32, 1, 51-57 (2009) Copyright © 2009, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Research Article Biochemical comparison of two Hypostomus populations (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Atlântico Stream of the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil Kennya F. Ito1, Erasmo Renesto1 and Cláudio H. Zawadzki2 1Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Maringá, PR, Brazil. 2Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Biologia/Nupelia, Maringá, PR, Brazil. Abstract Two syntopic morphotypes of the genus Hypostomus - H. nigromaculatus and H. cf. nigromaculatus (Atlântico Stream, Paraná State) - were compared through the allozyme electrophoresis technique. Twelve enzymatic systems (AAT, ADH, EST, GCDH, G3PDH, GPI, IDH, LDH, MDH, ME, PGM and SOD) were analyzed, attributing the score of 20 loci, with a total of 30 alleles. Six loci were diagnostic (Aat-2, Gcdh-1, Gpi-A, Idh-1, Ldh-A and Mdh-A), indicating the presence of interjacent reproductive isolation. The occurrence of few polymorphic loci acknowledge two morphotypes, with heterozygosity values He = 0.0291 for H. nigromaculatus and He = 0.0346 for H. cf. nigromaculatus. FIS statistics demonstrated fixation of the alleles in the two morphotypes. Genetic identity (I) and dis- tance (D) of Nei (1978) values were I = 0.6515 and D = 0.4285. The data indicate that these two morphotypes from the Atlântico Stream belong to different species. Key words: allozymes, Hypostomus nigromaculatus, fish genetics, genetic distance and polymorphism. Received: March 18, 2008; Accepted: September 5, 2008. Introduction to settle doubts regarding the taxonomic status of undes- The Neotropical region, encompassing southern Me- cribed species of the Brazilian ichthyofauna (Renesto et al., xico and Central and South America, possesses the richest 2000, 2001, 2007; Zawadzki et al., 2000, 2004). -
Earth Observations from Global to Regional Scales for Disaster Risk Reduction and Response
Earth Observations from Global to Regional Scales for Disaster Risk Reduction and Response Dr. David Green Disaster Program Manager Science Mission Directorate Earth Science Division Global Flood Partnership 6/27/2017 1 Overview https://disasters.nasa.gov/floods Risk Reduction and Response • Global Framework and Partnerships • Workflows: Monitoring, Outlooks, Extent, Duration, Impacts • Engagement https://disasters.nasa.gov/ 2 International Coordination and Data Sharing Group on Earth Observations - Flood Task: Supporting access to a unified system of space data acquisition and delivery, models and mapping to support those affected by natural or man-made disasters GFP: better link to users From hazards to impacts AmeriGEOSS – The Americas Group on Earth Observing System of Systems https://disasters.nasa.gov/argentina-summit-2017 4 Risk Reduction – Moving Global to Local Exposure, Vulnerability and Impacts * J. Dorman, North Carolina Public Safety 5 Is there Timely and Relevant Remote Sensing Data and Information? Limitations for using remote sensing (satellite and airborne) due to • Routine monitoring vs event characterization • Discovery and access to data • Latency and frequency of measurements • Spatial Resolution • Variety of data and information products Need to consider if there is a timely flyover, rapid processing and mapping - if yes, data could prove useful. It all comes down to the questions being asked, knowing what is needed or available, and can it be applied against 6 the time information is needed for action or decisions Challenge: Moving Data to Modeling to Mapping To Tools for Decision Support Challenge: Flash Flood Situation is Local and Timely Heavy rain creates very fast rate of water rise. -
Overview of Parana Delta1 Parana River
Overview of Parana Delta1 Author: Verónica M.E. Zagare2 Parana River The Parana River is considered the third largest river in the American Continent, after the Mississippi in the United States and the Amazonas in Brazil. It is located in South America and it runs through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, where it flows into the Río de la Plata. Its length is 2570 Km and its basin surface is around 1.51 million km2. The two initial tributaries of the Parana are the Paranaiba River and the Grande River, both in Brazil, but the most important tributary is the Paraguay River, located in homonymous country. In comparison with other rivers, the Paraná is about half the length of the Mississippi River (6211 km), but it has similar flow. Parana River’s mean streamflow is 18500 m3/s (Menendez, 2002) and Mississippi’s flow is 17704 m3/s. Thus, the Parana has twice the length of the Rhine (1320 km), but it has 8 times its flow (2300 m3/s). Figure 1: Parana River location. Source: Zagare, V. (2010). 1 Developed for the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works (Trip to Parana Delta, August 2011). 2 Architect and MsC in Urban Economics; PhD candidate (Department of Urbanism, Delft University of Technology). Delta Alliance contact in Argentina. Email: v.m.e.zagare @tudelft.nl Through the Parana Delta and the Rio de la Plata estuary drains to the Atlantic Ocean the second major hydrographic basin of South America (La Plata Basin). From a geologic perspective, the complex system of the delta and the estuary are considered a dynamic sedimentary geologic- hydrologic unit which has a vital relevance not only for the region -a high populated area with more than 22 million inhabitants- but also for the hydrology of South American continent. -
The Battlefields of Disagreement and Reconciliation
Dissidences Hispanic Journal of Theory and Criticism Volume 4 Issue 8 Reconciliation and its Discontents Article 4 November 2012 The Battlefields of Disagreement and Reconciliation. 21st Century Documentary Images on The War Against Paraguay (1864-1870) Sebastían Díaz-Duhalde Dartmouth College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences Recommended Citation Díaz-Duhalde, Sebastían (2012) "The Battlefields of Disagreement and Reconciliation. 21st Century Documentary Images on The War Against Paraguay (1864-1870)," Dissidences: Vol. 4 : Iss. 8 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol4/iss8/4 This Article / Artículo is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Bowdoin Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissidences by an authorized editor of Bowdoin Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Battlefields of Disagreement and Reconciliation. 21st Century Documentary Images on The War Against Paraguay (1864-1870) Keywords / Palabras clave Reconciliation, Memory, Argentina, Paraguay, Latin America, Politican Violence This article / artículo is available in Dissidences: https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/dissidences/vol4/iss8/4 DISSIDEnCES Hispanic Journal of Theory and Criticism The Battlefields of Disagreement and Reconciliation: 21st Century Documentary Images on The War Against Paraguay (1864-1870). Sebastián Díaz-Duhalde / Dartmouth College Consensus is not peace. It is a map of war operations, a topography of the visible, the thinkable, and the possible in which war and peace are lodged. Jacques Rancière. Chronicles of Consensual Times. On November 29, 2007, during the ceremony for the rebuilding of Yacyretá, the hydroelectric power station project between Argentina and Paraguay, the Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner publicly commented on the war that the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Uruguay, and the Dissidences. -
Desarrollo Económico En El Noreste De Uruguay: Una Explicación a Partir De La Articulación Rural-Urbana Y La Organización Productiva
Desarrollo económico en el noreste de Uruguay: Una explicación a partir de la articulación rural-urbana y la organización productiva Desarrollo económico en el noreste de Uruguay: Una explicación a partir de la articulación rural-urbana y la organización productiva Artigas, Cerro Largo, Rivera y Treinta y Tres Adrián Rodríguez Miranda 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Desarrollo económico en el noreste de Uruguay: Una explicación a partir de la articulación rural-urbana y la organización productiva Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales Departamento de Estructura Económica y Economía del Desarrollo Programa de Doctorado en Integración y Desarrollo Económico Desarrollo económico en el noreste de Uruguay: Una explicación a partir de la articulación rural-urbana y la organización productiva Tesis que presenta: Adrián Rodríguez Miranda Para la obtención del grado de Doctor en Desarrollo Económico e Integración Director: Antonio Vázquez Barquero Madrid, España 2010 Adrián Rodríguez Miranda 2 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Desarrollo económico en el noreste de Uruguay: Una explicación a partir de la articulación rural-urbana y la organización productiva A mis hijos Rafael y Joaquín Adrián Rodríguez Miranda 3 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Desarrollo económico en el noreste de Uruguay: Una explicación a partir de la articulación rural-urbana y la organización productiva Agradecimientos A Antonio Vázquez Barquero mi sincero agradecimiento por el apoyo que me ha brindado como profesor de curso en mi estadía en Madrid, luego como asesor de mi tesina para la obtención del DEA y ahora como director de mi tesis doctoral. En todas estas instancias debo agradecer su gran generosidad para compartir su conocimiento, así como su preocupación por mi formación como estudiante e investigador. -
Major Soils of Bella Union Area in Northwestern Uruguay1
Major Soils of Bella Union Area in Northwestern Uruguay1 M.A. Lugo-L6pez, Juan P. Carnelli, G. Acevedo and L. H. Riuera2 ABSTRACT The soils of the area of Bella Union are deep, of high inherent fertility, and can hold and supply sufficient amounts of water to a growing crop. They are mostly sandy clay loams and clay loams. Soil pH varies between 5.2 and 6.4. Some 38% of the soils have drainage problems mostly because of underlying impervious layers dominated by montmorillonitic clays. Irrigation and drainage are essential to guarantee high levels of crop production. Erosion can be a problem in some of the soils if they are not adequately protected. The use of open drains of suitable depth and spacing will help to maintain an optimum environment for the crops and, if well designed, can also help to minimize soil erosion. INTRODUCTION The area around Bella Union, in northwestern Uruguay, offers excep tional opportunities for crop production and livestock raising under adequate management. Bella Union is located at lat. 30°19' S and long. 57°34' W at the frontiers with Brazil and Argentina. Bella Union is 640 km from Montevideo and 140 km from both Artigas, capital city of the Department, and Saito, the nearest towns with airports. There are railroad connections between Bella Union and Montevideo. However, the network of rural roads is poor and transportation costs of sugarcane, livestock, other produce and fertilizer are high. In the Bella Union area, there are around 10,000 inhabitants; about one-half of them in rural areas. -
Like a Grain of Mustard Seed
1 LIKE A GRAIN OF MUSTARD SEED 14th Oxford Institute of Methodist Theological Studies August 2018 Mirtha Elizabeth Coitinho Machiarena 2 The Methodist Church in Uruguay1 The Methodist Church in Uruguay (IMU),2 is an autonomous church organized at national level, with its own authorities. The highest authority is the General Assembly which every four years chooses the President, Vice-president and the rest of the National Board integrated by pastors and lays. These National Board supervises the whole Church. “Besides its one thousand members there is a wider community of about two thousand people who are related to the Church” in one way or another.3 IMU adopted the system of a President as a leader instead of the episcopal tradition. The position is open to clergy as well as lay members. Women are able to be ordained. The Church has also “decided that pastors that wish to minister to homosexuals could do so freely.”.4 From its beginnings to these days, the Methodist Church has had an active role in society through the Press, radio,5 books and magazines, concerts, Sexual Diversity groups, medical clinics, pre-school nurseries, work with people with differently abled, universities, workshops against domestic violence, the creation of Hospital Evangélico, National Federation of Youth, Federation of Protestant Churches, etc. “Ecumenical relationships6 and projects are an inseparable part of the church, nationally and internationally, providing leadership to the world church (i.e. Emilio Castro, former secretary of the WCC).” 7 1 Uruguay, formally the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a small South American country located at the southern part of the continent bordered by Brazil and Argentina, with Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. -
LA PLATA RIVER BASIN a Framework for the Sustainable Management of Its Water Resources with Respect to the Hydrological Effects of Climatic Variability and Change
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES Office for Sustainable Development & Environment WATER PROJECT SERIES, NUMBER 6 — OCTOBER 2005 LA PLATA RIVER BASIN A Framework for the Sustainable Management of Its Water Resources with Respect to the Hydrological Effects of Climatic Variability and Change A FRAMEWORK FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE WATER RESOURCES OF THE LA PLATA BASIN,WITH RESPECT TO THE HYDROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC VARIABILITY AND CHANGE National Territories of the five La Plata Basin countries COUNTRIES: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, within the Basin and Uruguay IMPLEMENTING AGENCY: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) REGIONAL EXECUTING AGENCY: Organization of American States/Office for Sustainable Development and Environment (OAS/OSDE) LOCAL EXECUTING AGENCY: Intergovernmental Coordinating Committee for the La Plata Basin Countries (CIC) PROJECT DURATION: 2003-2005 (PDF-B phase) GEF GRANT: 0.725 US$ millions CO-FINANCING: 0.834 US$ millions PROJECT COST: 1.559 US$ millions INTRODUCTION that separate the La Plata Basin from the Amazon Basin, form the The La Plata River Basin is one of the most important river basins of headwaters of the Parana River and Uruguay River sub-basins which the world. Draining approximately one-fifth of the South American rise in the east. continent, extending over some 3.1 million km2, and conveying waters from central portions of the continent to the south-western The La Plata Basin comprises almost all the southern part of Brasil, Atlantic Ocean, the la Plata River system rivals the better-known the south-eastern part of Bolivia, a large part of Uruguay, the whole Amazon River system in terms of its biological and habitat diversity. -
Argentina and Uruguay - the Martin Garcia Channel
ARGENTINA AND URUGUAY - THE MARTIN GARCIA CHANNEL Case Study (Transportation) Project Summary: The Rio de la Plata estuary is nestled between Uruguay, Argentina, and the Atlantic Ocean. It serves as the waterway access to Buenos Aires, as well as for the Uruguay and Paraná Rivers, the Paraná Interior, and the upstream Argentine grain ports of Rosario and Santa Fé. Within the Rio de la Plata estuary, the average depth is between one and six meters, except in the two channels: the artificial Mitre Channel, parallel to the Argentine coast and the natural Martin Garcia Channel, parallel to the Uruguayan coast. The Martin Garcia Channel is 106 kilometers long, beginning near the city of Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay, and ending at the Uruguay River, near Nueva Palmira, Uruguay. Both channels have been sporadically dredged to various depths ever since the Martin Garcia Channel was first opened in 1892. Dredging of the waterways throughout the river basin has been an integral part of the MERCOSUR’s plan, the trade agreement between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay signed in 1991. The objective was to make the transportation of goods more efficient and thereby improve the economy of the region. Increased shipping in the region and the need for a more efficient way to move bulk goods, requiring larger vessels, added strain to the existing channels. The Martin Garcia Channel, while more direct and a little deeper than the Mitre Channel, was not deep enough to handle the larger vessels that many shipping companies had begun to utilize, nor wide enough to accommodate multiple vessels concurrently.