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AUXILIARY SCHEDULE 3 : LANGUAGE (1) This separate schedule is an auxiliary to the enumerated classes 2/9, A/Z. The concepts in it are available only to qualify those classes, and their classmarks are not to be used on their own. (2) These classmarks may be added to any class where the instruction appears to add letters from Schedule 3; e.g. in Class J Education, JV is special categories of educands, and at JVG Language groups, Non-English (or favoured language) speaking appears the instruction: Add to JVG letters C/Z from Schedule 3; so Education of Bantus would be JVG HN. Or, in Schedule 2, BQ is Linguistic group areas, and BQH N would be Bantu-speaking areas. (3) A prominent use of the Schedule will be to specify translations, version, etc., of particular works in classes like Literature, Religion and Philosophy; e.g. PM6 Versions of the New Testament, has the instruction Add to PM6 letters C/Z from Schedule 3; so PM6 RF is Greek versions. (4) Where no such special provision is made, the language of a document can be specified by adding Schedule 3 notation to 2X from Schedule 1, e.g. Encyclopaedia of economics, in French T3A 2XV. (5) If a library wishes to give a preferred position with a short classmark to a particular language (e.g. that of the place where the library is situated) the letter F or Z may be used. (6) Any language may be qualified by the preceding arrays C/E by direct retroactive synthesis; e.g. Commercial African languages, HCS. (7) The order of classes is the same as in the Language and literature classes, X/Y, but the notation is different in order to allow addition of letters from this schedule to a single letter. (8) This schedule consists of a substantial selection from the very detailed schedules of Class X/Y. Further details may be obtained from W/Y should the need arise. SUMMARY OUTLINE C Language varieties: by use, by speaker, by period, mixtures, dialects E Artificial languages G American aboriginal languages GB North and Central American languages GBK Meso American, Central American languages (alone) GQ South American languages H African languages HAM Hamitic languages * Alternative (preferred) to collocating with Semitic languages at MR HAV Cushitic languages HAW Chad languages HCY Meroitic languages HD Nilo-Saharan languages HF Niger-Kordofanian languages HN Bantu HV Khoisan languages J Australian languages JGB Non-Malayo-Polynesian languages of Oceania JGT Oriental, Asiatic languages JGX Malayo-Polynesian languages, Austronesian languages JK Austro-Asiatic languages: Mon-Khmer, Munda … JP Dravidian languages: Tamil, Telegu … JTB Sino-Tibetan languages: Chinese, Japanese … LP Ural-Altaic languages: Tungus, Mongolian, Turkic … MO Caucasian languages MQ Hamito-Semitic languages MR Hamitic languages * Alternative to collocating with African languages at HAM PB Indo-European languages PJ Hindustani languages PT Iranian languages PW Balto-Slavonic languages: Russian, Serbo-Croat, Polish, Czech … QW Celtic languages RB Classical Greek and Latin SR Romance languages: Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French WB Germanic languages WG Scandinavian languages X German, Dutch, English FULL SCHEDULE OF LANGUAGE AUXILIARY C Language varieties (By medium) CD Spoken language CE Written language (By special use) CG Literary language CH Ceremonial language CJ Formal, polite language CK Informal language CL Colloquial, vernacular CM Intimate language CN Slang CP Informative language CQ Jargon * In its broadest sense, this term also covers mixed languages but that use of it is declining * See also Mixed languages DT CR Of special subjects CS Commercial language CT Technical language CV Others (By speakers) DB Men, women DC Children DD Other ages DE By race, culture Add to DE letters A/Z from Schedule 3A DF By religion Add to DF letters G/W following P in PG/PW (By social groups) DH Class DJ School, university DK Urban language DL Rural language DM Nation DN (By linguistic features) Add to DN letters A/G following W in WA/WG - e.g. Tone languages DNB NN DP (By stage, period) Add to DP letters A/Z from Schedule 4 DPE Ancient, classical form of the language DPG Intermediate (e.g. Mediaeval) form DPK Modern language DQ Extinct, dead languages DR Dialects DS Patois DT Mixed, hybrid languages, contact vernaculars DV Lingua francas DW Pidgins and creoles E Artificial languages, international languages, constructed languages, conlangs EK Volapuk EL Basic English * Alternative to locating at Y EM Ido EN Intergloss EP Novial EQ Occidental ER Ro ET Tutonish EV Esperanto EX Others, A/Z F Preferred language * This position I reserved for libraries wishing to assign a special classmark to a particular language G American languages * The classification of North and Central American languages is based on C. F. and F. M. Voegelin’s Map of North American Indian languages, Washington, 1966. The classification of South American languages is based on that of J. Greenberg in Encyclopedia Britannica (1973), supplemented by McQuown’s “Indigenous languages of Latin America”, American anthropological journal, June 1955. * Use intercalator ‘A’ when adding letters C/E; e.g. American Indian commercial languages GAC S G American indigenous languages GB North and Central American languages * Use as the general class for North American languages alone GBK Central American (Meso-American) languages alone GBN American Arctic Palaeosiberian GBP Eskimo-Aleut GBV Chukchi-Kamchatlan * Alternative to LN GC NaDene GCK Athapaskan GCM Chipewyan GCQ Apachean GCS Navaho GCX Tlingit GCY Haida GD Macro-Algonquian GDB Algonquian GDC Delaware GDL Ojibway GDO Cree GDX Yurok GDY Wiyot GE Muskogean GEJ Choctaw GEN Creek GEP Natchez GEQ Atakapa GER Chitimacha GES Tunica GET Tonkawa GF Macro-Siouan GFJ Siouan GFW Catawba GG Iroquoian GGP Cherokee GGQ Caddoan GGY Yuchi GH Hokan GHJ Yuman GHK Seri GHL Pomo GHM Palaihnihan GHN Shastan GHP Yanan GHQ Chimariko GHR Washo GHS Salinan GHT Karok GHV Chumashan GHW Comecrudan GHX Coahuiltecan GHY Esselen GJ Meso-American languages GK Penutian GKJ Yokutsan GKK Maiduan GKL Wintun GKM Miwok-Costanoan GKN Klamath-Madoc GKO Sahaptian GKQ Cayuse GKR Molale GKS Coos GKT Yakonan GKU Takelma GKV Kalapuya GKW Chinookan GKX Tsimshian GKY Zuni GL Meso-American branches GLD M Mixe GLN Maya GLU Q Quiche GM Aztec-Tanoan GMB Kiowa Tanoan GMT Uto-Aztecan GN Macro-Oto-Manguean GNJ Oto-Manguean GNL Popolocan GNQ Manguean GNR Mixtecan GNS Mixteco GNT Chinateco GNV Zapotecan GNW Zapoteco GNY Tarascan GP Unclassified languages GPJ Keresan GPL Yukian GPM Beothuk GPN Kutenai GPP Karankawa GPQ Chimakuan GPS Salish GPW Wakashan GPW N Nootka GPY Timucua GQ South American languages GR Macro-Chibchan GRJ Misumalpan GRK Miskitoan GRM Sumoan GRV Matagalpan GS Chibchan GSB Pacific Chibchan GSG Talamanca GSJ Interandean-Barbacoan GSN Eastern Chibchan GSR Y Yunca-Puruhan GSS Yuncan GST Atalan GSU Jirjaran GSU N Xaguan GSW Chirianan GSW N Guahariban GSY Muran GT Ge-Pano-Carib GTB Macro-Carib GTB K Cariban GTH Pebol Yaguan GTK M Macro-Ge GTK N Ge GTN Caigangan GTP Camacanian GTP Q Machacalian GTQ Purian GTR P Chiquito GTS Borotuque GTS J Boroan GTS M Otuquean GTS R Carajan GTS S Caraja GTT Macro-Panoan GTT K Panoan GTV Tacanan GTW Macro-Guaycuruan GTX Nhambicuran GTX N Nhambicuran GTX T Psuedo-Nhambicuara GTY Huarpean GV Andean-Equatorial GVB Andean GVB R Araucanian-Chon GVG Z Zaparoan GVK M Cahuapanan GVKQ Quechu-Maran GVM Z II A-4 (Greenberg) GVP II B (Greenberg) GVP K Jivaroan GVP T Macro-Tucanoan GVP V Catuquinean-Tucanoan GVV Simacu GVW Puinavean GW Equatorial GWB Arawakan GX Tupi-Guarani GXB Tupi GXD Guarani GXG Cuaca-Timote GXG P Caririan GXG T Zamucoan GXL Mocoa GXM Salivan GXN Guahibo-Pamiguan GXR Otomaco-Taparita GXW Yuracarean GXY Cayuvava H African languages * This classification is based on a modification by Andrew Dalby of J. Greenberg’s classification in Languages of Africa, 2nd ed. 1966, together with material from a checklist of Nigerian languages by C. Hoffman. This has been supplemented (for Bantu) by M. Guthrie’s Comparative Bantu, 1947. * Use intercalator ‘A’ when adding letters C/E; e.g. African commercial languages HAC S HAM Hamitic languages * Alternative to collocating with Semitic languages at MR HAR Egyptian HAU Berber HAV Cushitic languages HAV H Northern Cushitic languages HAV J Beja, Bisharin HAV K Eastern Cushitic languages HAV L Somali HAV M Saho HAV N Afar HAV P Galla HAV Q Sidamo HAV R Western Cushitic languages HAV T Southern Cushitic languages HAW Chad languages HAX West Chadic languages HB Hausa language group HBL Sura-Gerka language group HBQ Angas HBR Ron language group HBS Bole-Tangle language group HBT Northern Bauchi language group HBU Southern Bauchi language group HBY Bade language group HC Central Chadic, Biu-Mandara HCH Tera language group HCJ Bura language group HCK Higi language group HCL Bata-Gude language group HCM Sukur language group HCN Lamang language group HCP Mandara language group HCQ Matakam language group HCR Kotoko language group HCS Other Chadic languages HCY Meroitic language HD Nilo-Saharan languages HDS Chari-Nile languages, Macro-Sudanic languages, Sudanic languages HE Eastern Sudanic languages HEH Nubian languages HEJ Murle languages group (Didinga-Murle) HEK Barea languages group HEL Nilotic languages HEL H Western Nilotic languages HEN Nilo-Hamitic HEO Southern Nilotic languages HEP Eastern Nilotic languages HER Central Sudanic languages HES Kunama HET Berta HEU Coman languages, Koman languages HEV Fur languages HEW Maban languages HEX Saharan languages HEY Songhai languages, Songhay languages
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  • Achilles Tzartzanos and His Contribution to the Greek Language Question

    Achilles Tzartzanos and His Contribution to the Greek Language Question

    GRAECO-LATINA BRUNENSIA 20, 2015, 2 KRISTÝNA KNAPKOVÁ (MASARYK UNIVERSITY, BRNO) ACHILLES TZARTZANOS AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE GREEK LANGUAGE QUESTION Although in the twenties the Greek language question had already shifted from the streets to the university halls, Greek society was still dealing with the never ending language story. Achilles Tzartzanos, a significant philologist and well-known educator, has remained some- what left out in the history of the Greek language dispute. This paper describes the solitary struggle in which he was caught while trying to push through his own vision of the Greek language. Key words: Achilles Tzartzanos; Greek language question; dimotiki; katharevousa Tzartzanos and his time In Greece, the 1930’s was culturally considered a period of educational demoticism. It was a movement that aimed to apply the elements of culti- vated demotic (further in text as dimotiki), a popular variant of the Greek language, to education and to do it in a (if possible) realistic and, above all, conciliatory way.1 Achilles Tzartzanos was actively involved in the field of philology and linguistics at just this time when Greek intellectual society was not divided solely into adherents of the conservative katharevousa and followers of the opposing dimotiki. The period was actually finely divided with differences of opinion even within groups of supporters of the one or the other language variant. Fortunately, the dispute was no longer taking place in the crowds on the streets, but rather in university halls. Tzartzanos, as a teacher, also became involved in the project promoting a restrained establishment of an 1 Φραγκουδάκη (2001: pp.