DOCSLIB.ORG

Craniometric, Serological, and Dermatoglyphic Approaches Miyo Yokota University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Craniometric, Serological, and Dermatoglyphic Approaches Miyo Yokota University of Tennessee, Knoxville University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-1997 Biological Relationships among Siberians: Craniometric, Serological, and Dermatoglyphic Approaches Miyo Yokota University of Tennessee, Knoxville Recommended Citation Yokota, Miyo, "Biological Relationships among Siberians: Craniometric, Serological, and Dermatoglyphic Approaches. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 1997. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4032 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Miyo Yokota entitled "Biological Relationships among Siberians: Craniometric, Serological, and Dermatoglyphic Approaches." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Anthropology. Richard L. Jantz, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: William M. Bass, Lyle M. Konigsberg, Christine R. Boake, Murray K. Marks Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Miyo Yokota entitled "Biological Relationships among Siberians: Craniometric, Serological, and Dermatoglyphic Approaches." I have examined the final copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Anthropology. --·-··--·� tz, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Accepted for the Council: Associate Vice Chancellor and Dean of The Graduate School Biological Relationships Among Siberians: Craniometric, Serological, and Dermatoglyphic Approaches A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Miyo Yokota August 1997 copyright c Miya Yokota, 1997 All rights reserved ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Mr. Tadao Yokota and Mrs. Kazuko Yokota who have given me opportunities to see the world iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Richard Jantz, for his support, guidance, and patience. I learned a lot from him: research, wisdom, bicycling, and most of all, just "keep going" when obstacles are encountered. I would also like to thank other committee members in the Anthropology Department, Dr. William Bass, who would always talk to me in the hallway to see how I am doing; Dr. Murray Marks, who was patient and kind enough to go over the revisions of this dissertation with me; and Dr. Lyle Konigsberg, who "nicely" gave me critical comments on my papers including this dissertation and taught me the whole shebang of American slang and idioms. My appreciation goes to Dr. Christine Boake in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, who kindly agreed to be one of my committee members. This dissertation would not have been not completed without the generosity and assistance of the following people: Dr. Michael Crawford at the University of Kansas, Ors. Hajime Ishida, Kunihiko Morita, and Ei Ikeda at the Sapporo Medical School, Japan, and Dr. W.W. Howells at the Harvard University. I am extremely grateful to them. I would like to thank Drs. Jan Simek, Steve Ousley, and Jim Kidder who cheered me up when I had a hard time as well as provided critical comments on some chapters in this dissertation. iv My appreciation also goes to the Department secretaries in Anthropology, Pam Poe, Donna Patton, and Charlene Weaver, for their help in taking messages and word processing. Lastly, I like to thank my parents and all my friends who are always there for me with their love, support, and encouragement throughout the long journey of graduate schools. V ABSTRACT Siberian people, residing in the wide range bounded by the Urals to the West, Beringia to the East, Mongolia to the South, and Arctic to the North, form an important link between Asia, Europe and people in the New World. However, biological contribution of Siberians to Asians, Europeans and people in the New World were not sufficiently studied until recently. Previous extensive Siberian studies were mainly conducted by Russians and Japanese researchers, most of whom agreed that Siberians were clearly classified by typology. However, their typology is problematic when explaining tribes i.e., Evenks and Evens, who are exchanging genes and culture with their neighbors. Previous studies also contain problems such as methodology and lack of data especially for westerners because of political barriers between the U.S. and Russia. This study attempts to reveal biological relationships among Siberians. The extensive data, including 647 crania, more than 3000 fingerprints, and over 340 blood samples, are available from the wide Siberian regions. Biological variation is evaluated with Fst, and biological patterning is summarized with UPGMA clusters and contour maps. Furthermore, matrix comparisons between geography and biological data sets are investigated with Mantel t-test. Siberian biological variation in this study shows low variation except for crania. High cranial variation may hav,e resulted from the selection of measurements, environmental vi influences, selection and genetic drift. Low variation in dermatolyphics and blood may have been related to less environmental effects, and nature or function of blood and dermatoglyphic systems which are used in this study. Siberian biological relationships are patterned primarily regionally and linguistically. Southern Siberian Altaic speakers, for instance, are biologically close to one another. Such regional and linguistic patterning matches Russian typology. However, this study also showed three forces of Siberian population structure, reflecting Siberian history: a north-south connection reflecting dispersions of occupants through prehistory, a west-east connection indicating the migration and diffusion of Bronze cultures, and east and west influences in the Baikal regions reflecting cultural and political influences. Such distributions and migration patterns were insufficiently demonstrated by previous typological studies. Significant correlations between geography and finger ridge counts, fingers and blood, crania and blood, as well as crania and finger ridge counts indicate a common N-S connection. Today, the investigation of origins and divergence of Siberians are more difficult due to heavy admixture with Russians and decrease of "pure" indigenous tribes. This study provides useful biological information of Siberian indigenous populations and their history. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I . INTRODUCTION • .. .. •• • . .. .• •• .. • . .. •• • . •. .. 1 Background and Statement of Problem ..•...•.•...•..... 1 New World-Siberian-Asia Connection ....•.....••....... 2 The Location and Typologies of Siberian Populations .. 3 Recent Siberian studies •••...•.•••.....•....••....... 7 Problems of the Siberian studies Completed to Date ... 8 This study •• • • • .. • •• . •• .. .. •• •• • . .. • •• . .. •. • . .. .• . 12 II. SUBSISTENCE PATTERNS AND CULTURES IN SIBERIA ........ 14 Siberian Populations .••..••..•.•.•••.........•...•.•• 14 Subsistence Patterns and Cultures of Siberia ••••..•.. 14 The Languages of Siberia .....•••••.•.•....••.•...•... 31 III. HISTORY OF SIBERIA ................................. 37 The Emergence and settlement of Siberians ••••....•... 37 Paleolithic Period .•...•.••.•••.•••••.••••.•••......• 37 Neolithic Period •••....•.•.••..••....•..•••.•••.••... 41 Bronze Age . •. •• • • . • .. .• . •• . .. .. •• .• •. .. •• . 45 Around the First Millennium B.C • ••.•....•••••••.••.•. 48 Around the First Millennium A. D. ..................... 52 After the First Millennium A. D. ...................... 56 IV. MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................... 60 Sampling Method .. • . •• . •• . •• • • .• • . •• • . •• • •. • . .• . 60 Samples •• • • • • •• •• • • • •• • • • •• • •• •• •• • • • • • •• •• • • •• • • •• • • 62 Data sources • . •. •• • . •. •• • • •• . • . •. •• . •• • •• . •• • . •. •• 6 6 statistical Method ••.••..•.•.••••.••........••.•..... 72 V. RESULTS .. • . .. .. •• . .. .. .• . •. .. .. • . .. .• • •. .. 81 Inter-population Variation •.....•...•.•.....•........ 81 Population Relationships ....•.•.•.•..••••...•..•...•. 84 Correlation between Geographical and Biological Distances •••....•......••...... 116 viii VI. DISCUSSION .• .• .. • • • • . .. • .. •• • .. .. • . •. .. • 119 Biological Variation in Siberia (Fst) ......•.•......• 119 Siberian Population Relationships •..•.•.........•.... 125 Correlation between Geography and Biological Distances •..•.•.•.••.••••••.••. 135 VII. CONCLUSION •••...•••.•..•••....•••.•...•••.•••.••..• 138 REFERENCES .• .. .. •• • . •• • • . • .. •. •• • .. • . .. .. •• . •• . 140 APPENDICES . • . • . • . • • . • . • . • . • . • . • • . • . 158 APPENDIX A: Dist�nce Ma�ri� from Geography ..•••.•.•.• 159 APPENDIX B: Cranial Variation •..••••...•••••.•••••..• 162 APPENDIX C: Serological Data Summary .•••..•••••..•.•.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cause of Death: the Role of Anthropology in the Enforcement of Human Rights
    Forward The Fellows Program in the Anthropology of Human Rights was initiated by the Committee for Human Rights (CfHR) in 2002. Positions provide recipients with strong experience in human rights work, possibilities for publication, as well as the opportunity to work closely with the Committee, government agencies, and human rights-based non-governmental organizations (NGOs). 2003 CfHR Research Fellow Erin Kimmerle is a graduate student in anthropology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Kimmerle came to the position with a strong background in the practice of anthropology in international human rights. Between 2000 and 2001 she served on the forensic team of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in its missions in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. In 2001 Kimmerle was made Chief Anthropologist of that team. Janet Chernela, Chair Emeritus (2001-2003) Cause of Death: The Role of Anthropology in the Enforcement of Human Rights Erin H. Kimmerle Submitted to the Human Rights Committee of the American Anthropological Association April, 2004 University of Tennessee, Department of Anthropology 250 South Stadium Hall Knoxville, TN Phone: 865-974-4408 E-mail: [email protected] pp. 35 Keywords: Forensic anthropology, Human Rights, Forensic Science Table of Contents Introduction Background Forensic Science and Human Rights The Roles of Forensic Anthropologists Current Challenges and the Need for Future Research Summary Acknowledgments Literature Cited Introduction One perfect autumn day in 2000, I attended eleven funerals. I stood alongside Mustafa, a middle-aged man with a hardened look punctuated by the deep grooves in his solemn face. Around us people spilled out into the streets and alleys, horse drawn carts filled with the bounty of the weekly harvest of peppers, potatoes, and onions jockeyed for space on the crumpled cobblestone road.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity, Autonomy and Conflict in Republics of Russia and Ukraine
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Communist and Post-Communist Studies 41 (2008) 79e91 www.elsevier.com/locate/postcomstud Identity, autonomy and conflict in republics of Russia and Ukraine Karina V. Korostelina Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, 3330 N. Washington Blvd., Truland Building, 5th Floor, Arlington, VA 22201, United States Available online 19 February 2008 Abstract This paper discusses the results of the survey conducted in co-operation with the European Research Center for Migration and Ethnic Relations, concerning identity in the Autonomous Republics of Russia and Ukraine. The survey queried 6522 residents of such republics as Bash- kortostan, Karelia, Komi, Sakha (Yakutia), and Tatarstan in Russia, and Crimea in Ukraine. It examined the construction of social identities, common narratives regarding threats and deprivations, confidence in public institutions, the prevalence of views toward national minor- ities as ‘fifth columns’, ethnic stereotypes, ethnocentrism, and other conflict indicators. An early warning model, built on the basis of the results, measured the potential for conflict based on these factors, and found that it was most pronounced in Bashkortostan and Crimea, and to a lesser extent in Tatarstan. Conflict was less likely in Sakha, Karelia, and Komi, although there were still certain indicators that suggested potential problems, including moderate support for independence in these republics. Ó 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Regents of the University of California. Keywords: Russia; Ukraine; Ethnic; National; Regional and religious identity; Autonomy; Conflict; Stereotypes; Threat; Trust; Deprivation; Ethnic minorities Introduction Since the fall of the USSR, several Autonomous Republics of the Russian Feder- ation have been seeking increased autonomy from Moscow.
    [Show full text]
  • LEV IAKOVLEVICH SHTERNBERG: at the OUTSET of SOVIET ETHNOGRAPHY1 Anna A. Sirina and Tat'iana P. Roon Introduction the Works Of
    First published in “Jochelson, Bogoras and Shternberg: A Scientific Exploration of Northeastern Siberia and the Shaping of Soviet Ethnography”, edited by Erich Kasten, 2018: 207 – 264. Fürstenberg/Havel: Kulturstiftung Sibirien. — Electronic edition for www.siberien-studies.org LEV IAKOVLEVICH SHTERNBERG: 8 AT THE OUTSET OF SOVIET ETHNOGRAPHY1 Anna A. Sirina and Tat‘iana P. Roon Introduction The works of Lev Iakovlevich Shternberg, the eminent Russian and Soviet scientist, accomplished theoretical evolutionist, professor, and corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (from 1924), are well known by present day historians, ethnographers and anthropologists. An active public figure, he was engaged in the ethnography of the peoples of the Russian Far East and in Jewish ethnography. His acquaintance through correspondence with Friedrich Engels played a not insignificant role in his prominence: Engels wrote to Shternberg, having become acquainted with his discovery of group marriages amongst the Gilyak (or Nivkh) people (Shternberg et al. 1933; Shternberg 1933b: xvii-xix; see also Marx and Engels 1962, vol. 22: 364–367). This “discovery,” as with his description of other features of the Nivkh (Gilyak) social order, made on the Island of Sakhalin, was the beginning of his scientific activities. Over the period of his eight-year administrative exile he gathered unique field mate- rial on the language, folklore and social and religious life of the Nivkh. The results of his research were published in Russia beginning as early as 1893 (Shternberg 1893a; 1895; 1896). A considerable amount has been written on Lev Shternberg: obituaries, including ones in foreign journals,2 articles by ethnographers, archeologists, museologists and historians of science.3 Of particular interest is an absorbing book by Nina Gagen-Torn who, on the basis of personal recollections and archival documents, gives a vivid and emotional account of her teacher — the revolutionary and founder of the Leningrad School of Ethnography (Gagen-Torn 1971; 1975).
    [Show full text]
  • FSC National Risk Assessment
    FSC National Risk Assessment for the Russian Federation DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO PROCEDURE FSC-PRO-60-002 V3-0 Version V1-0 Code FSC-NRA-RU National approval National decision body: Coordination Council, Association NRG Date: 04 June 2018 International approval FSC International Center, Performance and Standards Unit Date: 11 December 2018 International contact Name: Tatiana Diukova E-mail address: [email protected] Period of validity Date of approval: 11 December 2018 Valid until: (date of approval + 5 years) Body responsible for NRA FSC Russia, [email protected], [email protected] maintenance FSC-NRA-RU V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2018 – 1 of 78 – Contents Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for the Russian Federation ................................................. 3 1 Background information ........................................................................................................... 4 2 List of experts involved in risk assessment and their contact details ........................................ 6 3 National risk assessment maintenance .................................................................................... 7 4 Complaints and disputes regarding the approved National Risk Assessment ........................... 7 5 List of key stakeholders for consultation ................................................................................... 8 6 List of abbreviations and Russian transliterated terms* used ................................................... 8 7 Risk assessments
    [Show full text]
  • Aleuts: an Outline of the Ethnic History
    i Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History Roza G. Lyapunova Translated by Richard L. Bland ii As the nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has re- sponsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural and cultural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Shared Beringian Heritage Program at the National Park Service is an international program that rec- ognizes and celebrates the natural resources and cultural heritage shared by the United States and Russia on both sides of the Bering Strait. The program seeks local, national, and international participation in the preservation and understanding of natural resources and protected lands and works to sustain and protect the cultural traditions and subsistence lifestyle of the Native peoples of the Beringia region. Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History Author: Roza G. Lyapunova English translation by Richard L. Bland 2017 ISBN-13: 978-0-9965837-1-8 This book’s publication and translations were funded by the National Park Service, Shared Beringian Heritage Program. The book is provided without charge by the National Park Service. To order additional copies, please contact the Shared Beringian Heritage Program ([email protected]). National Park Service Shared Beringian Heritage Program © The Russian text of Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History by Roza G. Lyapunova (Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka” leningradskoe otdelenie, 1987), was translated into English by Richard L.
    [Show full text]
  • 385-401, 1995 Nonmetric Cranial Variation of Northeast Asians And
    Anthropol. Sci. 103(4), 385-401, 1995 Nonmetric Cranial Variation of Northeast Asians and Their Population Affinities HAJIME ISHIDA Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060, Japan Received May 1, 1995 •ôGH•ô Abstract•ôGS•ô A comparative study of nonmetric cranial variation revealed popula tionaffinities between the Northeast and East Asians. The recent eastern Siberian populations were basically divided into the three groups defined by Debets (1951), though the Baikal group peoples, consisting of the Amur, Evenki and Yukagir, do not cluster together. The Yukagir remain intermediate between the Baikal and Central Asian groups, while the Evenki are isolated from other Siberians, probably because of their small sample size. The Neolithic Baikalian are close to the Amur peoples, while the Troitskoe of the Mo-ho culture from the Amur basin show some close affinities with the Central Asian group. Because the Central Asian group peoples are more similar to the Northern Chinese than to the Neolithic Baikalian, the former two seem likely to have interacted with each other since the Neolithic age. The Hokkaido Ainu show no close affinity with the Neolithic or the later Siberian Mongoloids, nor with the Europeans. •ôGH•ô Key Words•ôGS•ô: cranium, nonmetric cranial variation, Siberians, Ainu INTRODUCTION Russian anthropologists have written the most significant of the studies on the prehistoric and historic Siberian populations. Many craniological and somatological data have been published in the Russian journals to shed light on their origins, differentiations and migrations (e.g., Debets, 1951). American physical anthropolo gists,especially since Ales Hrdlicka, have also been interested in the human skeletal remains from Siberia, as those would be key evidence of Asian-American connec tions(Hrdlicka, 1942).
    [Show full text]
  • Second Report Submitted by the Russian Federation Pursuant to The
    ACFC/SR/II(2005)003 SECOND REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 2 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (Received on 26 April 2005) MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVISIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES Report of the Russian Federation on the progress of the second cycle of monitoring in accordance with Article 25 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities MOSCOW, 2005 2 Table of contents PREAMBLE ..............................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................4 2. The legislation of the Russian Federation for the protection of national minorities rights5 3. Major lines of implementation of the law of the Russian Federation and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities .............................................................15 3.1. National territorial subdivisions...................................................................................15 3.2 Public associations – national cultural autonomies and national public organizations17 3.3 National minorities in the system of federal government............................................18 3.4 Development of Ethnic Communities’ National
    [Show full text]
  • Loanwords in Sakha (Yakut), a Turkic Language of Siberia Brigitte Pakendorf, Innokentij Novgorodov
    Loanwords in Sakha (Yakut), a Turkic language of Siberia Brigitte Pakendorf, Innokentij Novgorodov To cite this version: Brigitte Pakendorf, Innokentij Novgorodov. Loanwords in Sakha (Yakut), a Turkic language of Siberia. In Martin Haspelmath, Uri Tadmor. Loanwords in the World’s Languages: a Comparative Handbook, de Gruyter Mouton, pp.496-524, 2009. hal-02012602 HAL Id: hal-02012602 https://hal.univ-lyon2.fr/hal-02012602 Submitted on 23 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Chapter 19 Loanwords in Sakha (Yakut), a Turkic language of Siberia* Brigitte Pakendorf and Innokentij N. Novgorodov 1. The language and its speakers Sakha (often referred to as Yakut) is a Turkic language spoken in northeastern Siberia. It is classified as a Northeastern Turkic language together with South Sibe- rian Turkic languages such as Tuvan, Altay, and Khakas. This classification, however, is based primarily on geography, rather than shared linguistic innovations (Schönig 1997: 123; Johanson 1998: 82f); thus, !"erbak (1994: 37–42) does not include Sakha amongst the South Siberian Turkic languages, but considers it a separate branch of Turkic. The closest relative of Sakha is Dolgan, spoken to the northwest of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
    [Show full text]
  • Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2002 Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations Derinna Vivian Kopp University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Kopp, Derinna Vivian, "Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2002. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2083 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Derinna Vivian Kopp entitled "Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Richard L. Jantz, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Lyle W. Konigsberg, Lee Meadows Jantz Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Derinna Kopp entitled "Craniometric Variation Among Medieval Croatian Populations." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • Boas's Changes in Bodily Form: the Immigrant Study, Cranial Plasticity, and Boas's Physical Anthropology
    Exchange across DID BOAS GET IT RIGHT OR WRONG? From the Editors Franz Boas's study, "Changes in Bodily Form of Descend- their U.S.-bom children were because of environmental ents of Immigrants" (American Anthropologist 14:530-562, influences. In contrast, Clarence C. Gravlee, H. Russell 1912), has played a significant role in the history of U.S. Bernard, and William R. Leonard find in "Heredity, Envi- anthropology. Recently, two sets of authors reanalyzed ronment, and Cranial Form: A Re-Analysis of Boas's Im- Boas's results and came to differing conclusions. In "A Re- migrant Data" (American Anthropologist 105 [1]: 123-136, assessment of Human Cranial Plasticity: Boas Revisited" 2003) that Boas's conclusions concerning changes in cra- {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 [23]: nial form over time were largely correct. Here, both sets of 14636-14639, 2002), Corey Sparks and Richard Jantz authors provide a follow-up to their original study, assess- question the validity of Boas's claim that the differences in ing their results in light of the conclusions reached by the skull shape between immigrants to the United States and other. CLARENCE C. GRAVLEE H. RUSSELL BERNARD WILLIAM R. LEONARD Boas's Changes in Bodily Form: The Immigrant Study, Cranial Plasticity, and Boas's Physical Anthropology ABSTRACT In two recent articles, we and another set of researchers independently reanalyzed data from Franz Boas's classic study of immigrants and their descendants. Whereas we confirm Boas's overarching conclusion regarding the plasticity of cranial form, Corey Sparks and Richard Jantz argue that Boas was incorrect.
    [Show full text]
  • THE HORSE in the LIFE and CULTURE of NORTHERN NOMADS Stepanov Aiaal Ivanovich1*, Popova Natalia Innokentevna2, Romanova Ekaterin
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v23i01.1021 This article is published under the Creative Commons CC-BY License. THE HORSE IN THE LIFE AND CULTURE OF NORTHERN NOMADS Stepanov Aiaal Ivanovich1*, Popova Natalia Innokentevna2, Romanova Ekaterina Nazarovna2, Ivanov Revorii Vasilevich1, Boyakova Sardana Ilinichna2, Khompodoeva Uigulana Viktorovna1 1Yakut1Yakut Research Research Institute Institute of Agriculture, of Agriculture, Siberian Siberian Branch, Branch, Russian Russian Academy Academy of Sciences, of Sciences Russia, Russia 2Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,Sciences, Russia *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Sakha people (Yakuts) made an invaluable contribution to the world civilization, not only preserving the heritage of steppe culture in the North and the Arctic, but also developing new strategies of Northern horse breeding, adapted to extreme natural and climatic conditions. With the development of the vast Northern expanses of the Yakuts the Arctic space have become an oasis of horse breeding herd, breeding place Yakut horse breed, and it is this "horse" world today gives Yakutia its uniqueness. As noted by the participants of the First International Congress (September 4-7, 2006, Yakutsk) "Sustainable development of head horse breeding" from Japan, France, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Russia, the horse has played a major role in the development of human civilization. The experience and knowledge gained over many centuries by the peoples engaged in horse breeding are the national heritage of the peoples, the priceless wealth of the modern world. It’s the great importance in the development of culture and art, the migration of nomads in search for new lands and the birth of new ethnic groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Transition in the North, Vol. 1, No. 4, May 1993
    \ / ' . I, , Social Transition.in thb North ' \ / 1 \i 1 I '\ \ I /? ,- - \ I 1 . Volume 1, Number 4 \ I 1 1 I Ethnographic l$ummary: The Chuko tka Region J I / 1 , , ~lexdderI. Pika, Lydia P. Terentyeva and Dmitry D. ~dgo~avlensly Ethnographic Summary: The Chukotka Region Alexander I. Pika, Lydia P. Terentyeva and Dmitry D. Bogoyavlensky May, 1993 National Economic Forecasting Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Demography & Human Ecology Center Ethnic Demography Laboratory This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DPP-9213l37. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recammendations expressed in this material are those of the author@) and do not ncccssarily reflect the vim of the National Science Foundation. THE CHUKOTKA REGION Table of Contents Page: I . Geography. History and Ethnography of Southeastern Chukotka ............... 1 I.A. Natural and Geographic Conditions ............................. 1 I.A.1.Climate ............................................ 1 I.A.2. Vegetation .........................................3 I.A.3.Fauna ............................................. 3 I1. Ethnohistorical Overview of the Region ................................ 4 IIA Chukchi-Russian Relations in the 17th Century .................... 9 1I.B. The Whaling Period and Increased American Influence in Chukotka ... 13 II.C. Soviets and Socialism in Chukotka ............................ 21 I11 . Traditional Culture and Social Organization of the Chukchis and Eskimos ..... 29 1II.A. Dwelling ..............................................
    [Show full text]