UNIVERSITY OF K ANSAS

KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

VOLUME 18 SUMMER 2006

The Re-veneration of Their Sacred Past: Evidence for an Emerging Pattern of Ritual Behavior at San Bartolo, Guatemala

By Jessica H. Craig community’s desire for direct have termed "re-veneration" IN THIS V OLUME communication with the gods. because it involves the re-use Investigations at the ancient Maya Excavations conducted be- of ancient features, both func- RITUAL B EHAVIOR 1 site of San Bartolo continue to tween 2002 and 2006 at tionally and ritually. AT S AN B ARTOLO yield evidence for the use of Structure 63, the royal palace, Structure 63 is small T- MTDNA V ARIA- 1 ceremonial practice for the main- and one of the site's two main shaped building that is among TION IN Y AKUTIA tenance of social, political, and pyramids have yielded evi- the structures surrounding San spiritual order. While the spec- dence that the community Bartolo's main plaza. Set into CULTURAL I NVO- 2 tacular murals for which the site participated in a unique type the floor of the structure is a CATION IN C OM- is most well known continue to of ceremonial behavior that large barrigon , or pot-bellied MERCIAL S PACE regale scholars with tales of Maya involved the provision of of- boulder monument, measuring FROM THE D IREC- 11 creation and mythology, evi- ferings and burning events for over a meter in length and TOR OF THE LBA dence for ritual practices across the sake of ancestral buildings height ( Fig. 2 , page 4). The and monuments ( Fig. 1 , page the site in ceremonial and resi- FACULTY NEWS 14 dential structures indicate the 4). This specific practice I (Ritual Behavior, Continued on page 4) ALUMNI N EWS 14

Mitochondrial DNA Variation in GRADUATE 15 Yakutia: The Genetic Structure of an STUDENT NEWS Expanding Population DINNER & 16 DISCUSSION

By Mark Zlojutro proficiency at characterizing notable insights garnered from UNDERGRADUATE 17

genetic variation at the DNA this burgeoning field of study, STUDENT N EWS Introduction level has increasingly been known today as molecular an- utilized by physical anthro- thropology, relate to human FROM THE D ESK 18 During the past thirty years, ma- OF THE C HAIR jor advances in DNA-based tech- pologists that have collected origins and evolutionary his- nologies have revolutionized the and analyzed a wealth of ge- tory. EXPLORING KU 18 netic data from various hu- field of molecular biology and Mitochondrial DNA ARCHAEOLOGY man populations to address provided the high-throughput (mtDNA) has been the most questions concerning topics RECENT 19 and efficient sequencing that was popular genetic system for this such as human disease, adap- GRADUATES necessary for the successful com- area of research, highlighted by tation, and growth and devel- pletion of the much-publicized INCOMING G RADU- 19 (MtDNA, Continued on page 8) Human Genome Project. This opment. However, the most ATE S TUDENTS PAGE 2 KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

Cultural Invocation in Commercial Space : A case study of cultural adherence utilizing material culture

By Molly Debailles found in the material artifacts and con- nicipal policies. Their proximity, similar

Lykins neighborhood in northeast Kan- structed space of each businesses examined merchandise, and corner locations pro- sas City, Missouri, was my home from place analysis firmly in the theoretical vide a similar context and thus the basis 1998 to 2005. During those seven years, realm of symbol systems. As this study fo- for comparison. I observed the context and development cuses on material culture, I shall not discuss Photograph 1 is of Ninth Street; Nel- of two local corner stores, Nelson’s Is- the owners or clientele. In many ways this son’s Island Mart is in the foreground. land Mart and Las Tres Palmas. Differ- approach encourages you, the reader, to On the same side of the street, at the ences in the inclusive/exclusive nature of make and examine your assumptions about bottom of the hill, is Las Tres Palmas spatial arrangements, the extent to which the owners and patrons. I deem this ap- (Photo 2 ). The stores are two blocks cultural heritage is invoked, and eco- proach helpful as it forces us to examine from one another and market themselves nomic specializations emerged. Symbol our assumptions and deductive processes. to the same geographic community. Like systems, embodied in material culture at Adaptation to existing space differs in many other buildings on Ninth Street, Las Tres Palmas and Nelson’s Island Mar- each store. Cultural assumptions are im- Nelson’s was built in the 1930s. Las Tres ket, are important in understanding the plied by use and construction of space Palmas occupies a former 7-11 store built cultural, economic, geographic, and (Rapoport:1989) facilitating each business’ in the 1970s. Both stores carry general global meanings of each business’s rela- relationship to the community. The mate- groceries, cigarettes, snacks, and toilet- tionship to the community. My theoreti- rial record bespeaks an exclusive relation- ries. Nelson’s specializes in alcohol sales cal basis hails from symbolic archaeology ship between Nelson’s and the community, while Las Tres Palmas sells prepared and sociology which stipulates “material in contrast to an inclusive relationship be- food. Exterior signage communicates culture is meaningfully constituted… tween Las Palmas and the community. The store owners’ intended image. The ideas and concepts embedded in social conclusion links findings to the neighbor- name, design, and placement of exterior life which influence the way material hood’s economics, geography, and finally, signs convey differing cultural invoca- culture is used, embellished and dis- to global meanings. tion. Interior decoration also differs: Las carded” (Hodder:1992). Artifacts with The “corner stores” are two blocks from Tres Palmas has Piñatas and Rosaries meaning are deemed symbolic when each other, within walking distance of the displayed for sale; Nelson’s displays mass their meanings are of particular interest same clientele and subject to the same mu- produced alcohol advertisements and a (Halle:1998). Thus, interesting meanings shrine facing the entrance.

Photograph 1 : Nelson’s Island Mart. Note the placement of exterior signs Photograph 2 : Las Tres Palmas. Signs at the mart are in both English and Spanish, contributing to the invocation of both Anglo and Mexican culture. VOLUME 18 PAGE 3

CULTURAL I NVOCATION IN C OMMERCIAL S PACE ...

(Culture & Space, Continued from page 2) on the building, not just above the door, is a norm for Mexican businesses in America The exterior presentation of Nelson’s (Arreola:1988). Most signs are produced Island Mart is congruent with norms of specifically for this business; there are, the historic Anglo/Italian host culture however, mass produced cigarette ads (Heldstab: 2000). “Nelson’s” sounds An- placed in the window. The store’s signage glo, representative of the majority of the indicates dual affiliation with Mexican and city’s inhabitants. “Island” refers to the Anglo culture: primarily Mexican due to nature of the building, surrounded on all the language, name and images of palm sides by streets. The business name sign is trees; secondarily the historic Anglo host placed above the entrance. Flanking it, culture because of mass produced ads and above the windows on both sides, as well English use. as in the windows, are mass produced The architecture intends to display the beer signs. store’s interior to automotive passersby The historical built environment shapes and facilitate easy access to motorists. the space of Nelson’s Island Mart in dra- Construction favoring motorists is evident matic ways. Historic architectural fea- by the large windows across the façade Photograph 3 : Nelson’s Island. Note the tures include high ceilings, a full base- facing the busiest street and parking lot in raised countertop, creating an exclusive space for ment, brick construction, picture win- front of the building. Despite the architec- employees and a separation from the customer. dows on three sides, street parking, and tural intentions of the original 7-11, Las modest size. Nelson’s Island thus invokes Tres Palmas communicates, via sign place- tion of space point to differing manners of norms of the historic host culture in its ment, imagery and language, norms which relating to the community: exclusivity is signage, and historical architecture in its differ from those of the historic host cul- materially communicated at Nelson’s Is- constructed space. Current owners refer- ture. land Mart, while Las Tres Palmas commu- nicates inclusiveness. ence the historic host culture and architec- Examining the exteriors of these ture in the business name. neighborhood businesses, differential cul- The countertop in Nelson’s Island mart The name Las Tres Palmas, “the three tural invocation is discernable. On one is raised; the sales person stands about 2 palms,” evokes a Mexican landscape, not hand, Las Tres Palmas invokes both Anglo feet higher than the customer ( Photo 3 ). Kansas City’s. Signs are raised next to the and Mexican culture through sign place- The counter’s entrance is at the rear of the street, above the door and on each side of ment, imagery, and the use of two lan- store, limiting accessibility. Such con- the façade. Utilizing every available space guages. On the other, signs at Nelson’s struction forms a clear distinction be- Island Mart tween the customer and sales person, cre- adhere to the ating an exclusive space for employees. historic Anglo Thus constructed space communicates host culture’s exclusivity separating the sales person norms through from the customer. sign placement The countertop at Las Tres Palmas is and name. level with the customer and the entrance Further ex- is easily accessible ( Photo 4 ). This ar- amination of rangement differs from that of the previ- material culture ous business. Spatial distinction between inside the stores the customer and employee is de- reveals their emphasized, creating an inclusive environ- bicultural na- ment. Thus, the relationship to the cus- ture. Entering tomer and community is one of inclusion, the stores, use as separation between employees and cus- and construc- tomers is spatially de-emphasized, in con- trast to Nelson’s Island Mart. Photograph 4 : Las Tres Palmas. The spatial arrangement de-emphasizes the (Culture & Space, Continued on page 6) separation between employees and customers. (Note the children to the left.) PAGE 4 KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

RITUAL B EHAVIOR A T S AN B ARTOLO ...

(Continued from page 1) 800 and the majority of the sherds and other offerings were deposited barrigon is significant because this sculp- in the period between AD 800 and tural style dates to the Late Preclassic 900, all of which falls within the period, 700 years before the construction Late Classic period. Based on the Structure 63. Fanning out from the east evidence from excavations at Struc- and south sides the barrigon was a deposit ture 63, the ritual behavior that of over 6500 sherds, which comprised occurred most prominently at this the majority of the sherd assemblage as- building was its continual use, or its sociated with this feature ( Fig. 3 , page “perpetuation,” as a shrine during 5). There was abundant evidence of this period. The concept of per- burning directly east of the boulder and a petuation is the provision of offer- secondary deposit of human remains on ings with regularity. It is literally its south side. Behind the barrigon was a the upkeep of sacred space, via the complete vessel that had been placed in bringing of offerings. the 30 cm space between the back of the Recent finds from the 2005 and figure and the west wall of the structure. 2006 excavations at San Bartolo Under the floor of the building on the have indicated that Structure 63 north side of the monument were two may have been more than the site whole vessels, found inverted and sur- of perpetual offerings. New data Figure 2 : Barrigon rounded by white marl, a pasty lime- have suggested that a larger pattern stone-based substance associated with of ritual behavior at San Bartolo is emerging, tions across the site indicate that after a ritual deposits. Ceramic analyses and in which the Late Classic community was AMS dates from above and below the period of abandonment following the participating in a re-veneration of their sacred Late Preclassic (200 B.C.- A.D. 200), structure floor indicate that the building past via the provision of offerings. Excava- was constructed between AD 700 and San Bartolo was re-occupied in the Late Classic (A.D. 600-900). This period of re-occupation is marked by the construc- tion of elite and non-elite residential compounds, the remodeling of the royal palace, as well as a pattern of unique rit- ual practices. The 2005 excavations along the front façade of Las Pinturas, which houses the murals for which the Las Pinturas site is most well-known, established that the pyramid was looted of its facing Royal Palace stones and subsequently became an offer- ing site. Lenses of ash and large quanti- Structure 63 ties of Late Classic ceramics were recov- ered from on top of the ruined Late Pre- classic structure ( Figs. 4 & 5 , page 5). Given the absence of Late Classic con- struction or activity within this plaza or its immediate vicinity, the ash and ceram- ics are best explained as a kind of offer- ing, probably related to the dismantling of the pyramid. Compelling evidence for similar ceremonial practices was found (Ritual Behavior, Continued on page 5) Figure 1 : The Ceremonial Core at San Bartolo VOLUME 18 PAGE 5

RITUAL B EHAVIOR A T S AN B ARTOLO ... during the 2006 excavations associated abandonment is fairly indisputable at this with the Late Preclassic phases of royal point. Therefore, now that we know palace. The re-use of the Late Pre- what we're looking for, I predict that as classic barrigon as the central feature of excavations by myself and other project the Late Classic shrine at Structure 63, members continue, this pattern of re- along with the ritual deposition of ce- occupation and subsequent re-veneration ramics and ash at important ancient will become increasingly apparent in the structures suggest an emergent pattern investigations at San Bartolo. of behavior at San Bartolo, whereupon the Late Classic community was paying (*It should be noted that I conducted excava- homage to their sacred past through tions at Structure 63 and Las Pinturas, ceremony and offerings. whereas work at the palace was done by Astrid This proposed re-veneration is some- Runggaldier, who is writing her dissertation thing I will continue to explore in the on this structure.) immediate future through further analysis. Dr. Steven Bozarth, of the

Geography Department at KU, has graciously agreed to help me conduct a phytolith analysis on the ash itself, in Jessica Craig is a first year PhD student an effort to determine some of its who has been working at the site of San components. I will also conduct inten- Bartolo since 2002. She got the oppor- sive analyses on the sherds from the tunity to join this project during her first deposits to gather information about year as a graduate student at KU, when the types of vessels being used in the Dr. John Hoopes recommended her to rituals and where in the site or region Dr. William Saturno, the director of the they are coming from. San Bartolo project. Her PhD research centers on the investigation of ancient The Late Classic re-occupation of San ritual behavior across the site. She com- Bartolo after several hundreds years of pleted her master's thesis, "Dedication, Termination, and Perpetuation: Evi- dence for a Continuum of Ritual Behav- ior at San Bartolo, Guatemala," in 2004. Jessica's other work at the site has included assisting Saturno in the excava- tion of the West Wall of the mural room, which was featured in the January 2006 issue of National Geographic. In 2005, she was supported by a Fulbright Grant to conduct dissertation field and lab work in Guatemala. Jessica has ac- cepted a full-time teaching position at the University of New Hampshire for the 2006-7 academic year. She will be re- turning in the fall of 2007 to continue with her PhD work at KU.

Left: Above: Figures 4 & 5 : Layers of Ceremonially Deposited Figure 3 : Profile of Barrigon With Ash Recovered on the Front Façade of Las Pinturas Associated Offerings PAGE 6 KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

CULTURAL I NVOCATION IN C OMMERCIAL S PACE ...

(Culture & Space, Continued from page 3) tation of religious items. Primarily I have discussed the secon- Spatial configuration of both the televi- dary uses of each store; they are, how- sion and seating at Las Tres Palmas further ever, primarily retail businesses, each illustrates the inclusive nature of the busi- with its own specialization. Nelson’s ness. Seating and television are provided Island Mart and Las Tres Palmas sell for the customers. This inclusion of cus- many of the same items: toiletries, tomers encourages them to stay. Further food, and cigarettes. Las Tres Palmas, demonstrating inclusiveness at Las Tres however, carries specialty items for a Palmas, a playpen sits alongside the tables. Mexican clientele; these include snacks Space is thus familial; public commercial like nuts with chili salt and spices la- space is also used for child care, illustrating beled in Spanish. The store is also a ta- the perception that customers and family queria, the entire menu of which is dis- can share the same area. played in Spanish only. Nelson’s offers There are 3 chairs at Nelson’s for private general items congruent with historical Photograph 5 : Nelson’s Island. A shrine invokes use. Chairs are placed in a circular manner community norms and Las Palmas offers Vietnamese culture. Seating is private. around the edges of the store’s entry. A Mexican products in addition to those TV behind the counter is also for private offered at Nelson’s. Examining the mer- current culture, and that of the personal use. Congruent with the construction of chandise, it is clear Las Palmas targets a heritage of the shop owners. In both stores, the counter, private seating and TV com- culturally specific clientele while Nel- mass advertising, general merchandise, and municate the exclusive nature of Nelson’s son’s specialization targets the histori- architecture display adherence to historical Island Mart. cally Anglo community. cultural norms in Lykins. Las Tres Palmas Both stores have religious material differ- The greatest difference in what each invokes Mexican culture in its sign’s images ing, as with the construction and use of store has to offer is prepared food at Las and placement, name, use of printed lan- space, in their private or public nature. Palmas and alcohol at Nelson’s. The guage, imagery, merchandise and inclusive Hanging above the counter of Las Tres choice to sell these items contributes to use of space. Nelson’s Island Mart only Palmas, a cluster of Mexican made rosaries spatial arrangements. Owners translate invokes Vietnamese culture through the is for sale. This piece of Mexican Catholic spatial needs based upon products sold. shrine and exclusive structure of space; culture invokes the owner’s cultural heri- Prepared food at Las Tres Palmas neces- otherwise it invokes the historical cultural tage. As the rosaries are for sale, they sitates, in the owner’s view, public seat- norm of Lykins. communicate the public, inclusive nature ing, an arrangement translated into in- Not only does each store invoke its of the store. clusiveness at Las Palmas ( Photo 6 , owner’s personal culture differently, the page 7). Alcohol sales dictate, for the Nelson’s Island Mart has a shrine facing extent of displayed invocation differs. Nel- owner’s of Nelsons Island Mart, a the entrance, a symbol for the shop own- son’s Island Mart conveys adherence to higher degree of separation from clien- ers. The shrine is the only easily identifi- norms of the historic Anglo community in tele, leading to exclusivity in Nelson’s. able material item indicating adherence to many ways: its name, sign placement, mer- The possibility of becoming a bar is ne- norms which differ from the historical host chandise, and décor are devoid of reference gated because 1) the space is not condu- culture. The shrine concretely invokes to the owner’s heritage. Las Tres Palmas, cive for such an arrangement and 2) Vietnamese culture in its placement and on the other hand, invokes the owner’s friends own a bar half a block away. use ( Photo 5 ) (Raulin:1993). heritage in each of those manners. Cultural Thus merchandise couples with owners’ invocation, of either the urban norm or Both stores communicate religiosity perceptions and architectural limitations personal heritage, indicates the targeted through material representation in the in creating the spatial arrangements of clientele and personal cultural norms of shop, invoking cultural adherence to each shop. Specializations of prepared private versus public displays of cultural Catholic and historical Eastern belief sys- food and alcohol are congruent with adherence and an inclusive or exclusive tems. The rosaries for sale are public, creation of space and reflect personal nature of relating to the community. whereas the shrine is intended for private cultural norms of each of the shop own- benefit. Although the private and public ers. Although the extent and manner of cul- nature as well as religion of each differs, tural invocation differ, the fact that each both stores invoke culture through presen- In both stores two cultures are in- voked, that of the historical and partially (Culture & Space, Continued on page 7) VOLUME 18 PAGE 7

CULTURAL I NVOCATION IN C OMMERCIAL S PACE ...

(Culture & Space, Continued from page 6) Geographically the neighborhood has Molly plans to get her PHD and become traditionally been composed of recent a practicing applied anthropologist. store has chosen to invoke two cultures immigrants (Heldstab:2000). Examining An earlier version of this paper was bespeaks the neighborhood’s cultural plu- the historical context of the neighbor- presented in Vancouver for the 2006 ralism. Both stores represent the dual na- hood, material vestiges of historical immi- SfAA meeting. Thanks to professors ture of displayed culture in this setting. grant groups can be identified. Comparing Radovonovich and Stull for their input Acceptance of culturally plural stores indi- the North-East neighborhood to the and assistance in creating and revising cates a community-wide norm of diversity. greater urban area, a clear containment of this paper. Even when expression is for private bene- material expression of varied cultural heri- fit, as with the shrine, the fact that it is pub- tage in businesses is visible. Stores cou- Literature Cited licly displayed indicates community accep- pling new immigrant cultures with his- tance of multiple cultures and a neighbor- toric Anglo norms are predominantly lo- Arreola, D.D. (1988) Mexican American hood norm of meshing historical Anglo cated within the geographical bounds of Landscapes. The Geographical Review community norms with those of cultural the northeast neighborhood. 78:299-315. heritage. As indicated by the material re- Culturally plural neighborhoods are Halle, David (1998) Material Artefacts, Sym- cord, the neighborhood accepts material found in urban areas around the world. bolism, Sociologists and Archaeologists. In representation of both Vietnamese and Concentration of economically marginal- Cognition and Material Culture: the Archae- Mexican cultural heritage, illuminating the ology of Symbolic Storage. Colin Renfrew ized ethnic diversity in neighborhoods is and Chris Scarre eds. Pp.51-58 Cambridge: presence, and a degree of acceptance, of a common in North America (Valdes: culturally plural community. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Re- 2000). Settlement patterns of new immi- search. Economic factors influence the stores in grants in areas municipally, economically Heldstab, Ronald W. (2000) The Lykins several ways. Lack of capital disables own- and geographically marginalized is also Neighborhood Guidebook. Independence, ers’ architectural expression, forcing adap- common. While marginalization in poor MO: Blue and Grey Book Shoppe. tation to existing space, the age of which diverse communities is imposed by urban Hodder, Ian (1992) Theory and Practice in necessitates a high level of maintenance. host culture (Menchaca:1989), a higher Archaeology. Pp. 11-23 London: Rutledge The poor neighborhood is subject to mu- degree of cultural acceptance in such mar- Lewis, Melinda K. (n.d.) “…Y la gente sigue nicipal neglect (Harvey:1972), functioning ginalized communities allows for the ma- adelante”: Examination of the Social, Eco- nomic, Educational, and Civic Realities of to marginalize the businesses and their cli- terial expression of varied cultures. Cul- Latino Immigrants in the Kansas City Area. entele (Lewis:2002). Commercial space in tural maintenance and economic niches Kansas City: El Centro. this culturally plural neighborhood is an are thus facilitated in such diverse Menchaca, Martha (1989) Chicano-Mexican acceptable arena for material displays of neighborhoods which are perhaps hin- Cultural Assimilation and Anglo-Saxon varied cultural expression. Thus economic dered in other, more affluent, neighbor- Cultural Dominance. Hispanic Journal of forces simultaneously marginalize and en- hoods. The question follows, what institu- Behavioral Sciences 11: 203-231. able expression of norms differing from the tional changes are necessary to facilitate Rapoport, Amos (1989) On the Attributes of greater urban area. equal structural support of culturally rich “Tradition”. In Dwellings Settlements & Tradition: Cross-cultural perspectives. Jean communities, such as Lykins, Paul Bourdier and Nezer Alsayyad, eds. which only more affluent Pp.77-105. Lanham, MD: University Press neighborhoods have historically of America. enjoyed? Thomas, Julian (1998) Some Problems with the Notion of External Symbolic Storage, and the Case of Neolithic Material Culture in Britain. In Cognition and Material Cul- Molly DesBaillets is an MA stu- ture: the Archaeology of Symbolic Storage. dent interested in culturally plu- Colin Renfrew and Chris Scarre eds. ral urban neighborhoods. For her Pp.149-156 Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. thesis she is studying how mu- Valdes, Dionico Nodin (2000) Barrios nicipal policy affects culturally Nortenos. Austin: University of Texas diverse urban neighborhoods. Press.

Photograph 6 : Las Tres Palmas. Customers and family share the same space. PAGE 8 KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

MTDNA V ARIATION IN Y AKUTIA ... the pastoralism practiced by various Turkic and Mongolic tribes inhabiting the vast Asian steppes to the south. A number (MtDNA, Continued from page 1) ways that differ from populations with of other features of Yakut culture also relatively stable historical demo- reveal affinities to southern Turkic peo- the seminal work conducted by Rebecca graphies. My recently defended M.A. ples. This includes material culture, reli- Cann, Mark Stoneking and Allen Wilson at thesis examined this question by apply- gious deities, celebrated festivals, and epic the University of California at Berkeley in ing commonly used statistical and dating poems. 1987. This group produced a genealogical methodologies on the mtDNA structure tree for mtDNAs from individuals repre- of a population whose origin and his- Based on the archaeological record and senting the major geographic regions of the torical demography are well understood various Chinese texts and drawings attrib- world, which placed humankind’s most from ethnohistorical, archaeological and uted to the T’ang Dynasty, the extinct recent mtDNA ancestor, dubbed by the linguistic evidence – the Yakuts of Turkic-speaking Kurykans from the north- th th press as “Mitochondrial Eve”, on the Afri- northeastern Siberia. west shores of Lake Baikal (7 – 13 cen- turies AD) exhibit close similarities to can continent approximately 200,000 years traditional Yakut culture and are consid- ago. Since this publication, a multitude of Population Background mtDNA studies have contributed to an ex- ered to be the ancestors of the Yakuts. th th panding model of specific population fis- The Yakuts (or Sakha, as they call During the 11 to 13 centuries, repeated sion/fusion events and interrelated migra- themselves) are a native population of Mongol invasions are believed to be re- tory patterns and chronologies that detail nearly 400,000 that mainly live sponsible for both the ultimate demise of human evolutionary history based on this throughout the Sakha Autonomous Re- the Kurykan culture and the concurrent genetic record. public (Yakutia) of the Russian Federa- large-scale population movements docu- tion (see Fig. 1 ). The Yakut language mented in the region (Okladnikov 1970). But how accurate are these reconstruc- and its dialects collectively represent the Thus, from these different lines of evi- tions of human evolutionary history? Vari- northernmost Turkic language and are dence, the Yakuts likely derive from a ous issues have been raised about mtDNA’s considered to be an isolate within this Kurykan group that migrated to the north purported lack of recombination and strict linguistic family, although it shares fea- along the Lena River system after a pro- maternal transmission, the different muta- tures with Turkic languages spoken in tracted period of repeated Mongol inva- th th tion rate estimates reported in literature, the mountainous Altai-Sayan region of sions during the 11 to 13 centuries, and and the assumed absence of selective pres- south Siberia, such as Tuvan. The tradi- in the process displaced and/or mixed sures for certain segments of this genetic tional Yakut economy is based on horse with non-Turkic indigenous populations molecule. Moreover, changes in popula- and cattle breeding, which contrasts residing in the territories of Yakutia (see tion size is an important variable that affects neighboring Tungusic-speaking popula- Fig. 2 ). Russian contact with the Yakuts the degree of genetic drift and gene flow tions that predominantly relied on rein- began in the 1620s, and unlike other na- experienced by populations, which in turn deer herding and hunting, and is akin to tive Siberian peoples under the Russian can impact the overall genetic structure in colonial regime, the Yakuts successfully adapted to the new cultural conditions and expanded throughout the region. As a result, their population size has risen more than tenfold since 1700, from about 30,000 to over 380,000 today (Forsyth 1992).

Materials and Methods In 2000, Yakut blood samples were ob- tained from participants representing seven communities from the Sakha Repub- lic: Asyma, Berdigestiakh, Dikyimdye, Khorobut, Maia, Nizhny Bestiakh, and Viljujsk. Russian researchers L.A. Tar-

(MtDNA, Continued on page 9) Figure 1 : Map of Russian Republics VOLUME 18 PAGE 9

MTDNA V ARIATION IN Y AKUTIA ... skaia and R.V. Alekseeva collected blood RFLP analyses revealed samples (n = 99) from Yakut coronary pa- that the vast majority of tients at Vilyuysk Regional Hospital. For the study sample belongs the remaining six Yakut communities, to two mtDNA lineages, blood samples (n = 272) were obtained by haplogroups C and D M. Sorensen and J. Snodgrass from North- (41.2% and 28.6%, re- western University. All participants pro- spectively), which is vided informed consent. similar to the haplogroup composition reported in DNA was extracted from the whole the neighboring Evenki, blood specimens and then typed for a series as well as south Siberian of restriction fragment length polymor- populations such as the phisms (RFLPs) (note: this methodology Tuva and Buryats. The involves the cleavage of specific DNA se- majority of the Yakut quences using restriction enzymes and HVS-I sequences belong- identifying the presence or absence of these ing to haplogroups C and cut sites through gel electrophoresis). In D are shared with south Figure 2 : Postulated Migration Routes of Yakut Ancestors addition, a subset of the Yakut sample (n = Siberian and Central 144) was sequenced for the Hypervariable Asian groups, and overall exhibit high Segment I (HVS-I) of the control region diversity levels that are generally consis- is unimodal, a feature that is considered to that regulates the replication of mtDNA tent with the values calculated for other be the hallmark of an expanding popula- and gene expression. This mtDNA region Turkic populations. NJ trees and MDS tion. has a higher mutation rate and thus greater plots of DA genetic distance matrices However, the expansion date estimated variation that allows for more robust inves- show close genetic affinities between the using Rogers and Harpending’s (1992) mis- tigations of microevolutionary processes. Yakuts and Turkic groups from south match model is approximately 42,000 years Comparative mtDNA data were compiled Siberia (see Fig. 3 , page 10). SAMOVA ago, and thus the unimodality likely reflects from literature, representing populations algorithmic analyses confirm this rela- Paleolithic demography associated with the throughout Eurasia. The analytical meth- tionship, coupling the Yakuts with the earliest peopling of Asia and Siberia. Two ods employed in this study include diversity Tuva. Furthermore, Mantel tests of high frequency Yakut subhaplogroups, C4a measures, neutrality test statistics, mis- genetic, linguistic, and geographic dis- and D5a, were identified as potential foun- match analyses, coalescence time estima- tance matrices indicate a disruption in der lineages with strong phylogeographic tion, network construction, DA genetic dis- the Isolation by Distance Model with the ties to south Siberians and East Asians, and tances, multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), inclusion of the Yakut data set, suggest- were dated to about 2,300 and 450 years and other statistical tests. ing that the Yakuts are a foreign genetic ago, respectively.

element in relation to the mtDNA land- scape of northeastern Siberia. Results Conclusions The Median-Joining (MJ) network Returning to the objective of the study, The results from this study indicate that presents a phylogenetic structure domi- are the results from the mtDNA analyses close phylogenetic relationships between nated by isolated, high-frequency nodes consistent with what is known about Yakut human populations can be accurately iden- within haplogroups C and D, producing origins and demography? This can be tified by characterizing the geographic dis- an overall appearance that resembles evaluated in three ways: tribution of shared mtDNA haplotypes and “beads on a string.” This is reflected by a employing multivariate techniques such as • Do the Yakuts exhibit genetic affinities significant deviation in the observed high MDS projections of genetic distance matri- with southern Turkic populations? frequency haplotypes relative to the ex- ces. In this instance, the Yakuts exhibit pected Ewens sampling distribution and • Is there genetic evidence for recent strong genetic ties to southern Turkic likely represents the genetic conse- population expansion? groups. Reconstructing historical demog- quence of a recent founder event involv- raphy proved to be more problematic. • Are the estimated coalescent dates con- ing a limited number of maternal line- gruent with an ancestral Yakut migration ages. The Yakut mismatch distribution (MtDNA, Continued on page 10) approximately 800 years ago? PAGE 10 KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

MTDNA V ARIATION IN Y AKUTIA ...

(Continued from page 9) earliest expansions of humankind with the Literature Cited fission and fusion processes related to the Forsyth J (1992) A History of the Peoples of Neutrality test statistics and the modality recent ethnogenesis of contemporary peo- Siberia: Russia’s North Asian Colony 1581-1990 . of mismatch distributions are unreliable ples. With continued analyses of human Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Eng- indicators of population growth or de- genetic variation and the parallel refine- land. cline, and based on simulation work ap- ment of evolutionary models that better Okladnikov AP (1970) Yakutia: Before Its Incor- pear to be heavily influenced by regional accommodate demographic and genomic poration into the Russian State . McGill-Queen’s gene flow (Ray et al. 2002). The MJ net- variables, our understanding of our ori- University Press, Montreal. work and haplotype frequency distribu- gins will surely grow. Ray N, Mathias C, and Excoffier L (2003) “Intra- tion, on the other hand, retain genetic Deme Molecular Diversity in Spatially Expanding Populations.” Molecular Biology and Evolution features of the Yakuts’ recent founder 20: 76-86. event, and the coalescent dates estimated Rogers AR, and Harpending HC (1992) from high frequency lineages within hap- “Population Growth Makes Waves in the Distri- logroups C and D, notably C4a and D5a, Mark Zlojutro is a PhD student in the bution of Pairwise Genetic Differences.” Mo- are more congruent with the timing of Laboratory of Biological Anthropology. lecular Biology and Evolution 9: 552-569. Yakut expansion into northeastern Siberia. Mark recently defended his M.A. thesis entitled "Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Therefore, the ascertainment of histori- cal demography, notably periods of ex- Yakutia: The Genetic Structure of an Ex- pansion, for individual populations re- panding Population" with honors. He quires careful examination of both net- will travel to the eastern Aleutian Islands work structures and phylogeographic dis- next month to collect DNA samples and tributions in order to identify those line- plans to investigate potential regional dif- ages that may retain important genetic ferences in the genetic structure of the Aleut population. Below: information regarding such events. Only Figure 3 : Multidimensional Scaling Plot for then can a robust picture of human evolu- Intermatch-Mismatch Distances ( DA ) for the Yakuts and East Eurasian Populations tionary history emerge, interdigitating the

Koryak Kamchatkan 1 Mongolic Even Sino-Tibetan Tungusic Han Daur Turkic

Khakassian Stress = 0.109 Altai Uighur 0 Kirghiz Kazakh Mongol Tuva Tofalar Uzbek Evenki 2nd 2nd Dimension Yakut Buryat

-1 Oroqen -2 -1 0 1 1st Dimension VOLUME 18 PAGE 11

FROM THE D ESK OF THE D IRECTOR OF THE LBA

By Michael Crawford The analysis of a marker gene, immu- Published articles:

noglobulin enchancer, for population dif- ferentiation, with Dr. Olga Rickard, Tor Uttley, M. and M.H. Crawford 2005 RESEARCH Vergata-University of Rome, Italy. Biological Indicators of Functional Age: A Case Study. In: Human Clocks: The Bio- The LBA continues to be involved in a large Comparison of mt-DNA among the con- Cultural Meanings of Age. Population, number of national and international col- temporary and skeletal populations of the Family, and Society. (eds. C. Sauvain- laborative research programs: Aleutian Islands, with Dennis O'Rourke, Dugerdil and N Mascie-Taylor), Peter Collaborative Ongoing Department of Anthropology, University Lang, Publishers, Bern, pp. 85-123. Research Projects of Utah, Salt Lake City. We have received a collaborative research award from NSF Crawford, MH, P Banerjee, D Demarchi, Computer simulation reconstruction of the for the last 7 years. M Zlojutro, J McComb, G Livshits, M size of Siberian population that founded the Henneberg, MJ Mosher, M Schanfield, Americas based on DNA sequences. This Mapping of QTLs for biological aging in and JA Knowles 2005 Applications of research project is being conducted with Mennonite families, with Ravi Duggirala pooled DNA samples to the assessment of the Department of Genetics, Instituto de and John Blangero, Southwest Foundation population affinities: Short Tandem Re- Biociencias, Universidade de Federal do for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, peats (STR). Human Biology 77 (6): 723- Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Allegre, Rio Sul, TX. We have a grant pending with NIA 733. for a five year project. Brazil with Francisco Salzano. Crawford, MH 2005 Genetics of biologi- Selection and lipid metabolism through the NRY markers of Siberia and the peopling cal aging in Mennonites of Midwestern analysis of peroxisomal lipid metabolic of the Americas, R. J. Mitchell, LaTrobe United States. Przeglad Antropologic- genes and transcriptional responses to University, Bundoora, Australia. Admix- zny-Anthropological Review 68: 3-18. treatment with dietary lipids. This project, ture estimates in Garifuna populations based upon Y-chromosome markers. Demarchi, D, MJ Mosher and MH Craw- funded by NIH, is being conducted with ford 2005 Apolipoproteins (Apoproteins) the collaboration of Dr. Joe Hacia, USC Genetic Structure of Algerian Populations, and LPL variation in Mennonite popula- Medical Center, LA, CA. Philippe LeFevre-Witier, Centre d' Im- tions of Kansas and Nebraska. American The development of American-specific munologie et Genetique Humaine, CNRS, Journal of Human Biology 17 (5): 593- allele in STR markers, D9S1120, of Native Toulouse-France 600. American populations. This research is be- Pooling of population samples of DNA for Zlojutro, M, R Rubicz, EJ Devor, VA ing conducted through the collaboration of establishing unbiased genetic phylogenetic Spitsyn, SV Makarov, K Wilson and MH the University of California-Davis, Profes- relationships between populations. James Crawford 2006 Genetic structure of the sor David Glenn Smith. Knowles, Director of the Genome Cen- Aleuts and Circumpolar populations based The evolution of the human leukocyte anti- ter, Columbia University, NY. on mtDNA sequences: A synthesis. American Journal of Physical Anthropol- gen (HLA) system and its application to the Formation of Black Carib (Garifuna) ogy 129 (3): 446-164. peopling of the Americas, Dept. of Immu- populations of Dominica. Noel Boaz, De- nology, University of Complutense, Ma- partment of Anatomy, Ross Medical Melton, P, M Zlojutro, K Kimminau and drid, Spain, with the collaboration of Pro- School, Dominica. MH Crawford 2006 Biological aging and fessor Antonio Arnaiz-Villena. Cox hazard analysis of mortality trends in PUBLICATIONS Genetic structure of Siberian indigenous a Mennonite community from south- populations of Kamchatka, Russia. Collabo- Books: central Kansas. American Journal of Hu- ration with Professor Victor Spitsyn, Labo- man Biology 18: 387-401. Crawford, M.H. (ed.) 2006 Anthropologi- ratory of Ecogenetics, Research Centre for cal Genetics: Theory, Methods and Ap- Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of plications. Cambridge University Press. (In (LBA, Continued on page 12) Medical Science, Russian Academy of Sci- press). Volume is in production. ences, Moscow, Russia. PAGE 12 KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

FROM THE D ESK OF THE D IRECTOR OF THE LBA

(LBA, Continued from page 11) PAPERS/POSTERS PRESENTED AT Posters : NATIONAL MEETINGS Mitchell, RJ, M Reddy, and MH Craw- Origins of the Carib Populations of St. ford 2006 Y-chromosome Variation American Association of Physical Anthro- Vincent Island, Belize, and Dominica, among the Golla of India. American Jour- pologists, March 6-12, Fourth Annual with Chris Phillips-Krawczak, Abstract: nal of Physical Anthropology Jan. 6 (E Wiley-Liss Symposium for the AAPA American Journal of Human Biology publication) Meetings in Anchorage, Alaska, March 11, 18 (2): 267. 2006, organized with Christine Hanson. Lefevre-Witier, P, H Aireche, M Bena- Using Immunoglobulin Allotypes to Test badji, P Darlu, K Melvin, A Sevin, and Title: Human Populations of the Circum- Hypotheses About the Origin of the MH Crawford 2006 Genetic structure of polar Regions: Origins, Adaptation and Gypsies, with MS Schanfield, RA Laza- Algerian populations. American Journal of Disease rin, and Eric Sunderland. Abstract: Human Biology . IN PRESS. American Journal of Human Biology 18 (2): 271. Papers :

Introduction. Solicited Chapters: FIELD RESEARCH Origins of Aleut Populations: Molecular Crawford, MH 2006 "Foreword" to Perspectives, with Rohina Rubicz and Mark Field research with Mark Zlojutro and volume by Lorena Madrigal 2006 Hu- Zlojutro. Abstract: Amer. Journal of Phys. Liza Mack (Aleut graduate student from man Biology of Afro-Caribbean Anthrop. (AJPA) S:42: 78-79. Idaho State University) on Eastern Aleut Populations . University of Cambridge communities: King Cove and Sand Press, pp. xi-xiv. Relatedness of Eurasian and American Far Point, Alaska, July-August, 2005. Crawford, MH 2006 The Importance of North Populations with Amerindians Ac- Field investigations with Mark Zlojutro Field Research in Anthropological Genet- cording to HLA genes and Linguistics, with on Eastern Aleut communities: False ics: Methods, Experiences and Results. Antonio Arnaiz-Villena, Abstract: AJPA Pass, Nelson Lagoon, and Akutan, sched- Chapter 4. In Anthropological Genetics , S:42: 58. uled for May -June, 2006.

Cambridge University Press. IN PRESS

Crawford, MH 2006 Foundations of An- In Symposium : Genetic Perspectives on Lectures by the Director: thropological Genetics. Chapter 1. In: Human Evolution and Prehistory (organized Anthropological Genetics, Cambridge by Dennis O'Rourke): Paper: The Genetic Extension Workshop: Mongols: Forg- University Press. IN PRESS Structure of the Aleuts and Circumpolar ing a Bridge of Trade and Knowl- Populations and its Implications for the Peo- edge between Asia and Europe (800 th Rubicz, R, P Melton, and MH Crawford pling of North America, with Mark Zlojutro Anniversary of the Founding of the 2006 Molecular Markers in Anthropologi- and Rohina Rubicz, Abstract: AJPA S:42: Mongol Empire), organized by Tatyana cal Genetic Studies. Chapter 6. In: An- 193. Wilds, on Mongols, April 8, 2006 Lec- thropological Genetics, Cambridge Uni- ture by Michael Crawford: "Peoples of versity Press. IN PRESS Siberia." Human Biology Association, 31 st Annual

Meeting, March 8-9, Anchorage, Alaska RESEARCH GRANTS RECEIVED Plenary Session: Human Biology at the Top LBA GRADUATE National Science Foundation, Collabora- of the World STUDENT HONORS tive Research, OPP-0327676: "Molecular Paper : Reconstruction of the Genetic Rohina Rubicz won the best student Perspectives on Aleut Origins" with Den- Structure of Circumpolar Populations: Im- paper/poster at the Human Biology nis O'Rourke and Dixie West, Polar Stud- plications for the Peopling of the Americas. Association meetings in 2005. ies and Physical Anthropology Programs, Abstract: American Journal of Human Renewal 09/1/03-08/31/07. Biology 18 (2): 285. (LBA, Continued on page 13) VOLUME 18 PAGE 13

FROM THE D ESK OF THE D IRECTOR OF THE LBA

NEWS FROM FORMER LBA MEMBERS Jay Sarthy was awarded a 4-year Self authored another article in 2005: De- Fellowship, starting Spring, 2006. Dr. Dennis O’Rourke has been elected marchi D, Mosher MJ and Crawford MH. vice-president of the American Associa- th Apoprotein and LPL variation in Men- April 12 , 2006, Mark Zlojutro was tion of Physical Anthropologists. His du- nonite Populations of Kansas and Ne- awarded an honor’s pass for the defense ties, 2007-9, include organizing and run- braska American Journal of Human of his M.A. thesis: “Mitochondrial DNA ning the scientific program for the yearly Biology 17(5)593-600. Variation in Yakutia: The Genetic national meetings. He is currently an As- Structure of an Expanding Population.” sociate Editor of the American Journal Drs. Rector Arya , Sobha Puppala, Tony of Physical Anthropology. Comuzzie, Ravi Duggirala et al have iden- Rohina Rubicz successfully completed tified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) her oral doctoral examinations, with Dr. Lorena Madrigal has published a th involved in birth weight. This discovery is honors, on January 17 , 2006. new volume with Cambridge University, discussed in an article in the current issue Marion Mealey-Ferrara has received entitled: “ Human Biology of Afro- of the journal Human Molecular Genet- grants from the McDonald Foundation Caribbean Populations.” Her earlier, ics , May 15; 15(10): 1569-79. highly regarded volume on the applica- and the Carol Clark Fund in the Depart- Dr. Kari North , an assistant professor in ment of Anthropology to initiate her tion of statistics to biological anthropol- ogy is going into its second edition. Dr. the Department of Epidemiology, Uni- research on the genetic consequences of versity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, is the clan system of Scotland. Madrigal is an Associate Editor of Ameri- can Journal of Physical Anthropology . continuing to be highly productive with She has completed her term as secretary- numerous publications in various prestig- VISITING SCIENTISTS AND treasurer of the American Association of ious journals. In addition to an article on POSTOCTORAL FELLOWS Anthropological Genetics. We thank her linkage analysis of LDL cholesterol in dedication and hard work through the American Indian populations ( Journal of Larissa Tarskaia, Russian Academy of formative years of the Association. Lipid Research 47(1): 59-66), for 2006 Medical Sciences, Moscow, 2005. Kari North is co-author on 13 articles that Drs. Sobha Puppala, Ravi Duggi- have either been published or are in Dr. Raghavendra Rao Vadlamudi rala , and a number of scientists from the press. Her most impressive publication (better known as V.R. Rao), director of SW Foundation for Biomedical Research, record should shortly result in promotion the prestigious Anthropological Survey have published the lead article in the to Associate Professor. of India, with its nine regional centers, March issue of the American Journal of gave a lecture to the LBA, entitled Human Genetics. Dr. Puppala is the Professor Tibor Koertvelyessy (Ohio “DNA Polymorphism in the Indian senior author of: “A genomewide search University) has retired this Spring and Tribes.” He met with the LBA person- finds major susceptibility loci for gallblad- moved from Athens to Florida. He spent nel to discuss long-term collaborative der disease on chromosome 1 in Mexican a sabbatical leave in the LBA during the anthropological research on Indian Americans. Vol. 78 (3): 377-392. early 1980s, switching research orienta- tribal and caste populations. tion from physiological adaptation to ge- The latest issue of Human Biology con- netic demography of Newfoundland and Professor Bernd Herrmann of Georg tains an article by Dr. MJ Mosher and Tiszahat, Hungary. Tibor Koertvelyessy August Universitaet Goettingen, visit- three other former LBA members: Lisa served as the Associate Editor of Human ing the Laboratory of Biological Anthro- Martin, Jeff T. Williams, and Kari E. Biology from 1989 to 2000. I thank him pology in November, 2005. Dr. Martin. It is entitled “Genotype-by-sex for his service and friendship for all those Herrmann has published one of the pio- interaction in the regulation of high- years. Anyone wishing to congratulate neering volumes on ancient DNA and density lipoprotein: The Framingham him on his retirement can reach him at: its applications. heart study. 77 (6): 773-793. She co- [email protected]

LBA Logo © 2001 Kenneth Crawford PAGE 14 KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

FACULTY N EWS

Professor John M. Janzen presented a for 4 full year, 3 summer, fellowships from Brent Metz organized, chaired, and pre- paper at the November 2005 African Studies 2006-2010); we await news from the De- sented at 2 panels in the 2005-06 academic Association annual conference on partment of Education on National Re- year. One panel, entitled "The Ch'orti' Area, "Etiological dualism in Ebola public health source Center funding for this same pe- Past and Present", took place at the AAA crises in Central Africa" for the panel riod. meetings in Washington, DC. It had 15 par-

“Ethnographic Turns and Cognitive Disso- ticipants from all subdisciplines except Bio- nance: Exploring Science, Magic, Healing, “Meat Processing and Garden City, Kansas: logical, as well as history and ethnobotany. and Race.” He participated at a conference Boom and Bust,” by Michael Broadway and The second panel, "Borderline Indigeneities", in Clinton, Oklahoma commemorating 125 Don Stull , appears in the Spring 2006 took place at the Latin American Studies As- years of Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Mennonite issue of the Journal of Rural Studies sociation meetings in Puerto Rico in March. relationships. His paper was entitled (22:55-66). While on sabbatical last fall, Metz also presented " Indigeneity in the "Tsistsistsas in Kauffman Museum [Bethel Don gave an invited lecture at his alma Ch¹orti¹ Maya Region of Northern Central College, North Newton, KS]: On the mak- mater, the University of Kentucky: America" for the Merienda Brown Bag series ing and meaning of the Cheyenne segment in “Colonel Sanders Fistfights with the Marl- in Latin American Studies in November. In the permanent exhibition ‘Of Land and Peo- boro Man in Heaven: Chickens, Tobacco, March 2006 his book Ch'orti' Maya Sur- ple.’” The conference also included a ses- and the Future of Farming in Western Ken- vival in Eastern Guatemala: Indigene- sion with Sherry Hutt, director of the Na- tucky.” And at the recent Society for Ap- ity in Transition was published by the Uni- tional Native American Graves Protection plied Anthropology annual meeting in Van- versity of New Mexico Press. This summer and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) Program couver, British Columbia, he presented a he will be taking 14 Kansas schoolteachers on and the dedication of a burial site for the paper entitled ”Turning Over a New Leaf: a Fulbright Group Study Abroad to Guate- first group of culturally unidentified native The End of the Federal Tobacco Program mala for 6 weeks. human remains at the Cheyenne Cultural and What It Means for Kentucky Tobacco Center, a first step in the Return to the Farmers.” Earth initiative. Mainly, Professor Janzen has devoted more than 50% directing the Kansas African ALUMNI N EWS Studies Center, a post he will turn over to Garth Myers on June 30, 2006 after eight Dale Brown , PhD, graduated from KU in Reagan. I share this with you because KU years on the job. A few of the projects re- 1958 with a BA in Anthropology. He had gave me a wonderful education that I took cently run by the Center include: an interna- taken his Sophmore year at Northwestern far beyond what I ever expected.” University, and after his Junior year, he re- tional conference on "Business and Islam" Craig Scandrett Leatherman , PhD ceived a grant from the Universidad de San (collaboratively with KU's Center for Inter- 2005, has received a 2006-8 Fellowship in Carlos in Guatemala City to study archeology national Business Education & Research and the "Science and the Spirit" Initiative in Mayan ruin sites. Dr. Stephen deBorhegi Dept. of Economics), research and public funded by the Templeton Foundation to from Oklahoma University had conducted meetings on "New African Immigrants to encourage scholars of Pentecostalism to look these programs for several years. “Between Metropolitan Kansas" (with support from at science in relation to Pentecostal practice. the time of the offering and class starting,” the Kansas Humanities Council). This year He will explore the role of Pentecostalism in Brown shares, “the Guatemalan government the Center has run two successful thematic drug addiction rehabilitation programs. became mad at the U.S. and canceled the seminars, on "Celebrating African Lan- The fellowship includes a stipend for re- free airplane flight to the country from New guages: KU's African Language Program" search, and participation in an interdiscipli- Orleans. The University kept their commit- (Khalid Elhassan and the African Language nary research colloquium at Regent Univer- ment and I went there. It was a great experi- faculty, Fall 2005), and "African Politics" sity Divinity School. (Khalid Elhassan and Hannah Britton, Spring ence.” When Brown got back to KU he made

2006). Finally, the Center has received two a exhibit for the museum that utilized Indian grants, from the Longview Foundation artifacts the museum had. Sue Schuessler , PhD 2001, continues to ($20,000—including funds for a graduate teach anthropology and African Studies at “Fortunately or unfortunately,” writes Creighton University, Omaha. student assistant) for review of Kansas and Brown, “the draft was in place and my early Missouri state curriculum standards and the plans to continue in Anthropology were preparation of African Studies modules; and curtailed and I became a U.S, Navy Aviator We like to know what you are doing! from the Department of Education Title VI where I completed my career. I can't com- Program, Foreign Language and Area Study Please send news submissions for the plain because I had the opportunity to serve next issue of KU Anthropologist to the fellowships for graduate students ($510,000 on a cabinet level task force for President GSA President at [email protected]. VOLUME 18 PAGE 15

GRADUATE S TUDENT N EWS

Kristine G. Beaty has completed her Emily Williams co-organized the Explo- first year of the Master's Program in Biologi- will be published in an upcoming issue of the rations in Archaeology (EIA) lecture series, an cal Anthropology. She has spent most of her Journal of Archaeological Science. informal public venue for faculty, profes- last year researching the origins of the peo- sional archaeologists, graduate students, and Ginny Arthur will graduate this May ples of the Philippines. Kristine hopes to undergraduate students to present archaeo- with an MA in Cultural Anthropology. work with the Agta of Luzon next winter. logical research. She received a 2005 She hopes to complete her degree in 2008, Melissa Filippi-Franz received a FLAS McKinney Award for Archaeological Field- and continue on in the PhD program at KU. from Indiana University. She will attend the work and continues to research the Westfall Summer Cooperative African Language In- site. Her recent publications and presenta- David Unruh is attending the University stitute this summer to study Somali at IU. tions include: of Kansas archaeological field school this Melissa is a PhD student in the Department summer. His plans to do future research in Anne E. Kraemer, Shannon R. Ryan, and of Anthropology actively engaged in field the Mayan area and is interested in shamanic Emily G. Williams. Gender Panel: Archae- research. Her research focuses on the place activities of the ancient Maya. His plans for ology of Gender or Gendered Archaeology? A of women in the immigrant Somali commu- finishing his MA are still uncertain. Discussion. Presented at the Fall 2005 Explora- nity of Kansas City and how they renegotiate tions in Archaeology Series, Univ. of Kansas Kerry Vanden Heuvel has been relationships and restore functional house- Musuem of Anthropology, Lawrence, KS. awarded a Foreign Language Area Studies holds and families in the face of war- (FLAS) fellowship for this summer (2006) shattered identities. She is attempting to Emily G. Williams, Shannon R. Ryan, through the Center for Latin American identify the actions Somali refugees employ and Jack L. Hofman. “Westfall: Non-Local Studies to go to Ecuador. Kerry will con- when reestablishing themselves in a func- Lithics at a Folsom Workshop/Camp Site.” tinue learning the Quechua language, and tional society. The significance of her re- Paper submitted for publication on February she will also do research involving health, search rests in its examination of a Somali 22nd, 2006. Current Research in the Pleisto- illness, and healing in Quechua communities community’s internalization of a disinte- cene. Vol 23. December 2006. to compliment her master's thesis. grated social infrastructure. The purpose is Anne Kraemer is finishing her Master’s to see how Somalis use social networks in Shawna Carroll published an article degree in September and will continue re- their daily lives and how these relationships entitled Smoking, Weight Loss Intention and search in anthropology and sustainable de- relate to reconciliation. Also, her research Obesity-Promoting Behaviors in College Students velopment for her PhD. She was awarded a investigates the development, maintenance, in the Journal of the American College of Fulbright Grant for a year long dissertation and absence of healing methods through Nutrition. It is scheduled to print this fall. study of collaborative sustainable and non- women’s efforts in establishing effective She presented a poster (with the same title) profit development in Guatemala which will networks. In Somalia, women hold the at the North American Association for the begin in 2007. This upcoming summer 2006 societal position of care-takers. At the same Study of Obesity in Vancouver. Shawna she has been awarded a FLAS Grant from time, women were often the target of at- won one of two first place awards for the Tulane University for a Kaqchikel Maya tacks, implying an assault on family pride, Graduate Student Research Summit at KU. language immersion program in Guatemala. virtue, and ethnic identity, due to their re- She is currently trying to finish her field This past year she presented at the AAA and productive capacity. Women strive to keep statements for the PhD program and will SFAA annual meetings for “The Other Side familial ties and households functioning have finished the Masters of Public Health of Middletown” and a poster at the SFAA's while coping with their own experiences of Program in Spring of 2007. Further con- about her thesis in Community Archaeology war. Although there is no formal system for gratulations will soon be in order, as Shawna in Chocola, Guatemala. people receiving care to heal from war heads to the Bahamas over Fall Break for her trauma, women are known to be creative Phil Melton published several papers wedding! and the force that keeps households going. over the last year, including: Chris Widga is currently completing his In sum, her research investigates women’s Melton PE , M. Zlojutro, K Kimminau, dissertation from Tucson AZ. Supported by strategies in providing care for their families MH Crawford (2006) "Biological Aging and a NSF dissertation improvement grant, this after forced migration. Cox hazard analysis of mortality trends in a project addresses multi-scalar subsistence "The Journal on Developmental Disabilities Mennonite community from south-central and settlement patterns in middle Holocene will be publishing a special issue later this Kansas" American Journal of Human Biol- archaeological assemblages from the eastern spring that will feature a major article by ogy 18(3):387-401 Great Plains and explores the potential ap- Matt Stowe, Rud Turnbull, Suzanne plications of archaeological data to modern Melton PE , I. Briceño, R. Devor, SS Schrandt and Jennifer Rack entitled problems in conservation biology. The arti- Papiha and MH Crawford (2006) "Biological "Looking to the future: Intellectual and de- cle, “Niche variability in late Holocene bi- relationship between Central and South velopmental disabilities in the genetics era." son: a perspective from Big Bone Lick, KY,” (Grad Student News, Continued on page 16) PAGE 16 KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

GRADUATE S TUDENT N EWS ... Dinner & Discussion American Chibchan populations: evi- Kelsey Needham , MA student in dence from mtDNA" Journal arti- Biological Anthropology, presented Dinner & Discussion is a series of gatherings that cle submitted to American Journal of data from her research on alcohol provides a forum for faculty and students to share their Physical Anthropology consumption among the Karimojong research in an informal setting. In May, we were de- Taraskia L & P. Melton (2006) agropastoralists of northeastern lighted to hear Dr. Frayer discuss Late Pleistocene "Comparative analysis of Yakut mito- Uganda at the Mid-America Alliance findings from Flores, Indonesia during a night of chondrial DNA and other Asian popu- for African Studies conference in Adventures with the Hobbits ! lations" Genetika - In Press In Russian Springfield, MO in September. She presented further data about the We took advantage of the festive gathering to honor Mark Zlojutro has had a busy – Karimojong in poster presentations Dr. Brent Metz for his recently published book, and a productive – year. He success- at the Human Biology Association Ch’orti’-Maya Survival in Eastern Guatemala: fully defended his MA Thesis entitled meetings in Anchorage, and at the Indigeneity in Transition. Good food and good "Mitochondrial DNA variation in Ya- Society for Applied Anthropology times were had by all. Next year’s Dinner & Discus- kutia: The genetic structure of an ex- meetings in Vancouver. sions will prove equally entertaining, so we hope to panding population" with honors in see you all there! Kelsey plans to finish her MA this May. Mark’s recent presentations and first-author publications include: summer and will begin a PhD pro- gram in Biological Anthropology at The Graduate Student Association Zlojutro M , Apraiz AG, Roy R, Binghamton University in New York Palikij J, and Crawford MH (2006) in the Fall. Autosomal STR Variation in a Basque Population. Human Biology Rachel Robinson has a publica- (submitted) tion and presentation coming up this month at the International Confer- Zlojutro M , Rubicz R, Devor E, ence of Social Science enitled: Spitsyn V, Wilson K, and Crawford “Hawaiian Sovereignty Develop- MH (2006) Genetic Structure of the ment: A Return to Aini” Aleuts and Circumpolar Populations Based on Mitochondrial DNA Se- Roche Lindsey expects a book quences : A Synthesis. American Jour- chapter to be published before the nal of Physical Anthropology 129: end of the year. The book, entitled 446-464Presentations: “Assessing Plains Village Mobility Patterns on the Central High Plains,” Zlojutro M , Rubicz R, Crawford M is in publishers review at the Univer- (2006) The genetic structure of the sity of Utah. Professors and students gathered to hear Dave Frayer speak on Aleuts and circumarctic populations the Hobbits of Flores. L to R: Anne Kraemer, David Robles, and its implications for the peopling of Marion Mealey-Ferrara was Dr. Allen Hanson, Rebecca Crosthwait, Dr. David Frayer, Dr. North America. Podium Presentation awarded a Clan Donald Academic Jack Hofman, Kerry Vanden Heuvel at the 75th annual meeting of Ameri- Scholarship of $5,000 for her pro- can Association of Physical Anthro- posed PhD research on the genetic pologists, Anchorage, AK marriage and migration patterns of the Scottish Clans. Marion is a Rebecca Crosthwait received United Animal Nations volunteer FLAS funding through the Center of and coordinator, and in October was Latin American Studies to study P’u- deployed to Louisiana in response to répecha in Morelia, Michoacan, Mex- Hurricanes Katrina/Rita where she ico this summer. assisted with manning a temporary James Herynk received a FLAS staging animal shelter for approxi- Academic Year Fellowship for 2005- mately 200 rescued dogs from the 2006. He was awarded the E. Jackson area. She continues to help volun- Baur Student Award for Research and teers organize animal or disaster Study of Social conflict and Conflict related events and trainings, recruit- ment, and networking as the organi- Resolution, and won First Place in the Assistant Professor Dr. Brent Metz with his congratulatory cake, student poster competition at the So- zation’s Volunteer MO State Coor- decorated with the cover of his new book. He was surprised to find ciety for Applied Anthropology. dinator. out that he was being congratulated at Dinner and Discussion. VOLUME 18 PAGE 17

UNDERGRADUATE NEWS

Wow, what a fast year! The past two to have Dr. Hofman grace us with his su- Series, including Joe Brewer, Scott semesters in UAA have been filled with perb flintknapping skills, where in two Chaussee, Sarah Mendoza, and Mark Vol- planning for future events. We still hours time he created "a lot of smaller mut. We also updated the undergraduate squeezed in several exciting and educa- rocks from bigger rocks." website (http://www.ku.edu/~uaa), and tional activities, but primarily focused For the second year in a row, we were designed T-shirts which should soon be hot on establishing a framework for several pleased to have several undergraduates off the press. We discussed several ways to action packed years to come. speak at the Explorations in Archaeology increase funding for next semester, as well To kick things off, Mary Adair was as possible travel destination for an anthro- kind enough to conduct a tour of the pology filled weekend. Our biggest task is Anthropological Research and Cultural to organize an informal poster-presentation Collections for the club. Although session where members of the club can pre- many may take the former museum for sent their past and current research. granted, it is important for us to edu- We also need to congratulate several of cate our new undergraduate students our members that have climbed the aca- about its significance. As last year, we demic ranks to College Graduate, including organized the highly successful Anthro- two of our officers. Gabriel Krieshok, the pology Department Halloween Party. club Vice-president will be leaving Lawrence We owe a special thanks to Kelsey for a teaching position in Nancy, France. I'll Needham and Dr. Gray, as well as any- be leaving the club as well, but am continu- body else that contributed for making ing on at KU for my MA. In short, this that event worthwhile. I firmly believe leaves us with very few officers for next se- that was the best sausage I've ever eaten! mester. However, the new and current We held a variety of social events, members have displayed tremendous leader- ranging from bowling to potlucks and ship and interest and should have no prob- discussions in which undergrads were lem continuing the fine tradition of UAA. able to mingle with graduate students in That pretty much does it for the annual a laid-back "less than academic" setting. KU Undergraduate Anthropology Associa- Professor Jane Gibson shakes her booty with an At our final meeting, we were honored oddly-clad Assistant Professor Brent Metz at the tion year-end wrap-up. I want to thank eve- UAA-hosted Halloween Party. ryone for their continued support and pas- sion for helping to sustain an interest in Un- dergraduate Anthropology at KU. Sincerely, Brendon P. Asher President

The 2006 Anthropology Halloween Party, hosted by the UAA at the home of Dr. Sandra Gray, proved to be a rousing success. A happy gathering around the chiminea turned into a sausage roasting extravaganza that might, if the folks to the left have anything to say about it, become an annual event. Pictured left to right: Dolly Parton (aka Kelsey Needham), Misty the Washed-Up Malibu Barbie (aka James Herynk), SHRINKING Rebecca Crosthwait, and Pink-Bubble-Gum-Under-A-Chair Brendon Asher. PAGE 18 KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

From the Desk of the Chair

As the year ends, I look back at our ac- SfAA annual meetings was awarded First Fulbright Grant for 2007 to complishments, gains, and our loss with Place Poster Award. And, Rohina Rubicz study in Guatemala. mixed emotions. We added two new won the Best Paper/Poster Award at the This year’s winner of the Allan Hanson faculty members to the department – Drs. annual meeting of the Human Biology Asso- GTA Excellence in Teaching Award goes to Brent Metz and Alan Redd. They have ciation . Rohina Rubicz for her excellent teaching in both survived their first year and look Two students have been awarded grants Fundamentals of Physical Anthropology forward to many more productive years at for their research. Marion Mealey- class. Please congratulate Rohina if you see KU. On the other hand, we are saddened Ferrara received a Clan Donald Academic her. by losing Professor Darcy Morey, who has Scholarship to conduct research on the resigned and will be moving to Martin, Justin Wipf, who will pursue a Master’s genetics, marriage and migration patterns degree in the department next year, is the Tennessee. Beth has accepted a tenure- of Scottish Clans. Chris Widga received a track appointment at the University of recipient of the Allen S. Wilber Scholar- National Sciences Foundation (NSF) dis- ship. Whitney Onasch and Zachary Viets Tennessee at Martin, and Darcy will be an sertation improvement grant. He will be adjunct professor there also. We wish have been awarded Harley S. Nelson Schol- working with Jack Hofman on early peo- arships. It is also my pleasure to note that them the best and hope to hear from them pling of the Americas. in the future. the winners of the Kappelman Award are Four graduate students have been Honey Hooper and Scott Chaussee. Our Our students have really distinguished awarded FLAS Fellowships to study lan- congratulations go out to all students. themselves this past year. Shawna Carroll guages. Rebecca Crosthwait will study won one of the two grand prizes at the Last, but not least, please congratulate P’urépecha in Morelai, Michoacan, Mex- Professor Sandra Gray on her Guggenheim Graduate Student Fair for her presentation, ico; Kerry Vanden Heuvel will study Fellowship. “Smoking, Weight Loss Intention and Quechua in Ecuador; Melissa Filippi-Franz Obesity-Promoting Behaviors in College will study Somali at Indiana University; Have a great summer. Students.” A presentation, “The Bio- and Anne Kraemer will study Kaqchikel Jim Mielke Puzzle of Anemia among Poqomchi, Maya Maya in Guatemala. Anne also received a in Guatemala,” by James Herynk at the Chair, Anthropology

Exploring KU Archaeology

By Shannon Ryan and Emily Williams primarily on the New World, the lectures temporal range of research. Hai Huang have ranged geographically from South (Department of Anthropology, KU) spoke Explorations in Archaeology was started America northward. Starting in South about the early origins of agriculture in in 2004 as an informal lecture series de- America, Dr. Bill Woods (Environmental China around 10,000 years ago, while Dr. signed to provide an opportunity for stu- Studies Chair, KU) shared his research Gina Powell (Center for Archaeological dents, faculty, and professionals from about the dark earths in Amazonia. Mov- Research, Missouri State University) gave various disciplines to share their research ing northward to Central America, Dr. an overview of Delaware Town in Missouri on topics pertaining to archaeology. Dur- John Hoopes (Department of Anthropol- which dates to the 1820s. ing the 2005-2006 academic year, there ogy, KU) spoke on the Chibchan region. Beginning in the fall we look forward to were 19 total speakers and 12 presenta- Still further north to North America, top- another successful Explorations in Archae- tions, including both individual presenters ics such as paleoethnobotany (Dr. Mary ology lecture series. Thank you to those and panel discussions. In addition, we had Adair, Anthropological Research and Cul- who presented at and attended Explora- a good turnout for Explorations and the tural Collections, KU) and a panel on tions during 2005-2006; you make this average number of people in attendance NAGPRA (Dr. Donna Roper, profes- series successful! Also, we would like to was fifteen. sional archaeologist; Dr. Bob Hoard, State give a special thanks to Jeannette Blackmar Archaeologist, Kansas State Historical Most of the contributors to Explorations for initiating this lecture series last year. If Society; and Myra Giesen, National NAG- were members of the KU Department of you are interested in joining us next fall, PRA Coordinator, Bureau of Reclama- Anthropology. However, speakers also either as a presenter or tion) were included. came from other departments on the KU attendee, we look for- campus and some are professional arche- Another way of considering the range of ward to seeing you at ologists not at KU. Although focusing the lectures presented is to consider the Explorations! VOLUME 18 PAGE 19

NEW G RADUATES FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF A NTHROPOLOGY Spring 2006 Virginia Arthur , MA Old Old Age: “Enriching Rewards or Season of Despair” Virginia Hatfield, PhD Historical Continuity from Shemya to Dutch Harbor: An Evolutionary Analysis of Chipped Stone Technology in the Aleutian Islands Mark Zlojutro, MA Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Yakutia: The Genetic Structure of an Expanding Population

Fall 2005 Roche M. Lindsey, MA Analysis of Feature 5 at the Late Prehistoric Barnes Site on the Southeastern High Plains of Colorado

Summer 2005 Jennifer A. Rack, MA Historical Demography of Beregdaróc, Gergelyiugornya, and Lónya: Population Structure in Tiszahat, Hun- gary, 1760-1987 Craig Scandrett-Leatherman , PhD “Can’t Nobody Do Me Like Jesus”: The Politics of Embodied Aesthetics in Afro-Pentecostal Rituals

Congratulations to all New Graduates!

Incoming Graduate Students

The University of Kansas Department of Anthropology is proud to welcome fifteen new graduate students in the Fall of 2006. They join us at KU from a variety of universities and programs.

We look forward to working with this diverse group of individuals. Welcome to KU!

Brendon Asher (KU Student) Jennifer Lapp Frances Ryder MA, ARCH (Dr. Hofman) PhD, ARCH (Dr. Hoopes) MA, CULT (Dr. Metz)

Andrew Gottsfield Jolene Munger Sarah Sobonya MA, ARCH (Dr. Mandel) MA, BIOL (Dr. Redd) MA, CULT (Dr. Janzen)

Joshua Homan (KU student) Laura Murphy Heather Mae Souter MA, CULT (Dr. Dean) MA, ARCH (Dr. Mandel) MA, LING (Dr. Dwyer)

Aaron Kirby (KU student) Josie Nixon Ariane Tulloch MA, CULT (Dr. Moos) MA, CULT (Dr. Metz) MA, LING (Dr. Dwyer)

Theresa Lammer Ann Raab Maria Weir MS, CULT (Dr. Metz) PhD, ARCH (Dr. Hoopes) PhD, CULT (Dr. Dean) KU A NTHROPOLOGIST

Department of Anthropology Nonprofit Org. University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., 622 Fraser Hall U.S. Postage Lawrence, Kansas, 66045-7556 P AI D Lawrence, Kansas Permit No. 65

Statement of Purpose To increase awareness and circulate information about the Department of An- thropology at the University of Kansas. To inform graduate and undergradu- ate students, alumni, and other institutions of ongoing research, publications, grants, and scholarly endeavors in which the faculty, staff, and students in the Department of Anthropology are involved.

KU Anthropologist Comments? is produced annually by graduate students of the Department of Anthropology of the University of Kansas, We welcome letters 622 Fraser Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045. Tel. (765) 864-4103. from our readers. Please direct questions and comments to the editor at: Please send your com- [email protected]. Anthropology Dept. Web Address: ments, complaints, http://www.ku.edu/~kuanth/ suggestions, or praise Graduate Student Web Address: to the editor at the De- http://www.ukans.edu/~gsanth/ partment of Anthropol- ogy or via e-mail. Editor’s Note: For Mark Zlojutro’s willingness to meet her absurdly last-minute pleas, the editor is grateful. For his unusual ability to do so cheerfully , she is absolutely flabbergasted. Thanks, Mark. Thank you.