The Role of Warsaw-Modlin Airport in the Polish Air Transport System Rola Portu Lotniczego Warszawa Modlin W Systemie Polskiego Transportu Powietrznego
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Zeszyty Naukowe UNIWERSYTETU PRZYRODNICZO-HUMANISTYCZNEGO w SIEDLCACH Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie Nr 111 2016 dr Katarzyna Wąsowska1 Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities Faculty of Economic and Legal Sciences The role of Warsaw-Modlin Airport in the Polish air transport system Rola Portu Lotniczego Warszawa Modlin w systemie polskiego transportu powietrznego First Europe, and then the globe, will be linked by flight, and nations so knit together that they will grow to be next-door neighbours. What railways have done for nations, airways will do for the world. Claude Grahame-White2 Abstract: The second half of the 20th century witnessed a dynamic growth of the global sector of air transport services. Nowadays, airports constitute an essential component of transport infrastruc- ture and one of the symbols of modern economies. More and more often, airports are viewed from the perspective of economic growth, or as a source of employment. This study includes a genesis of Warsaw-Modlin Airport, demand for passengers’ transport, and an outlook for development. The underlying objective was to present the role of Warszawa Modlin Airport in the Polish air transport system. Keywords: Airport, air transport, Warsaw-Modlin Streszczenie: W drugiej połowie XX wieku nastąpił dynamiczny rozwój światowego sektora usług transportu lotniczego. Obecnie porty lotnicze stanowią niezbędny element infrastruktury transpor- towej a także jeden z symboli nowoczesnej gospodarki. Coraz częściej porty lotnicze postrzegane są przez pryzmat wzrostu ekonomicznego czy też źródła nowych miejsc pracy. W niniejszym opra- cowaniu omówiona została geneza powstania Portu Lotniczego Warszawa-Modlin. Przedstawiono popyt na przewozy pasażerskie wraz z perspektywą ich rozwoju. Podstawowym celem opracowa- nia było przedstawienie roli portu lotniczego Warszawa Modlin w systemie polskiego transportu powietrznego. Słowa kluczowe: Port lotniczy, transport powietrzny, Warszawa-Modlin 1 Katarzyna Wąsowska, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Claude Grahame-White (1959-1987) – a British pilot and engineer, an aviation pilot, the first to make a night flight. ZN nr 111 Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie (38) 2016 282 K. Wąsowska Genesis of Warsaw-Modlin Airport The history of Warsaw Modlin Airport goes back to the year 1937, when it was developed as a military airport for the purposes of the Second Polish Repub- lic. Unused for many years, in the 40s it became a military base of the German Luftwaffe in the territory of occupied Poland. Between 1945 and 2000, it served Polish air forces as a training facility for helicopter and airplane pilots. The airport design from that period is presented in Fig. 1 below. In the year 2000, the Minis- try of National Defence made over the airport to the Military Property Agency. In 2003 in Poświętne, a Letter of Intent involving the location of an airport in the area of the former military airport in Modlin was signed by members of parliament and self-governments and by businessmen. In 2005 a draft invest- ment plan was developed. In 2006 the President of the Civil Aviation Office is- sued an authorisation for the establishment of a civil airport. Thanks to its close proximity to Warsaw, Warsaw-Modlin Airport is particu- larly attractive for low-cost air carriers organising Point-to-Point routes, for which Chopin airport is too expensive to maintain. The main task of Warsaw-Modlin Airport was to take over some of the aircraft Point-to-Point movements from the overloaded Chopin airport in Warsaw. In order to perform the said function of an operating civil airport, in 2008 the government authorised modernisation of the existing infrastructure and the construction of a passenger terminal. In Septem- ber 2009 all tender procedures ended and in 2010 the Civil Aviation Office regis- tered Warszawa-Modlin airport as a civil airport. First construction works started on 8 October 2010 and lasted till 20123. Airport geographic location and infrastructure Warsaw-Modlin Airport is a new airport with the main task of servicing Warsaw and Mazovia. It is complementary to Warsaw Chopin airport. Warsaw- Modlin Airport is located about 40km north of Warsaw centre, and 6km north- west of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, at the Warsaw and Gdańsk exit road. The aver- age elevation of the airport above sea level is 104m - Fig. 2. Nearby the airport there is Modlin railway station, which services the no 9 railway line Warsaw - Gdańsk. There is a rail siding of a total length of 5.6km running from Modlin station to the airport border, which requires modernisa- tion, if used for airport purposes. Passengers are carried from Modlin railway station to the airport by motor transport. 3 www.modlinairport.pl (of 21/08/2016). Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie (38) 2016 ZN nr 111 The role of Warsaw-Modlin Airport in the Polish air transport system 283 Fig. 1 Airport design before 2000 Source: www.investmap.pl (of 21/08/2016). Fig. 2 Location of Warsaw-Modlin Airport Source: Program rozwoju infrastruktury lotnictwa cywilnego w województwie mazowieckim (Civil aviation infrastructure development in the Mazowieckie Province), p. 61. ZN nr 111 Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie (38) 2016 284 K. Wąsowska The basic infrastructure of the airport in question includes: an asphalt concrete runway 2500m in length and 45m in width, with concrete edges, and category II navigation lighting - an updated airport design is presented in Fig. 3. The Modlin infrastructure is mainly used by budget airlines and charter carriers. The airport services international short- and medium-distance flights and do- mestic flights, offering flights of both regular and low-cost airlines, such as Ryanair and Wizzair4. Fig. 3 Up-to-date airport design Source: www.modlin.warszawa.pl (21/08/2016). Modlin Airport in comparison with other Polish airports – supply, demand Warsaw-Modlin Airport serves as an airport complementing Chopin’s (main airport’s) services. In the light of statistical data regarding air traffic in 2012-2014, Warsaw-Modlin Airport needs to be considered an essential ele- ment fulfilling a highly important role in the Mazowieckie Province airport sys- tem, offering the best conditions for a wider range of low-cost and charter ser- vices. Typical of the low-cost traffic segment is for low-cost carriers to use sup- plementary airports of a relatively lower level service quality and lower airport fees, compared to major airports. Low-cost airline passengers are more flexible in comparison with traditional line customers, e.g. they accept inconvenience associated with reaching an airport in return for a lower ticket price. Considering the competitive prices of tickets offered by Warsaw-Modlin Airport carriers, compared to comparable routes offered by Chopin Airport, Modlin Airport must be recognised as playing a major role in creating a new demand for air transport. Thus, it appears that the airport competes for carriers 4 www.modlin.warszawa.pl (21/08/2016). Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie (38) 2016 ZN nr 111 The role of Warsaw-Modlin Airport in the Polish air transport system 285 and passengers with Chopin Airport only to a certain extent (traffic substitu- tion). Partly, some of the traffic served there is the so-called “new traffic”, which consists of passenger groups for which Chopin Airport’s ticket prices were too high to afford a flight (in turn, they used other transportation means or did not travel at all). Factors stimulating a sudden demand for air transport services were, amongst other things: market liberalization, liberalization of laws, Polish acces- sion to the European Union, corporatization, commercialization and privatiza- tion of airports, and new types of carriers entering the market. After a one-month-operation, between 16 July 2012 and 15 August 2012, Warsaw-Modlin Airport served 161,119 passengers and performed 1,106 air- craft operations. One of the key carriers, Wizz Air, served 118,958 passengers and performed 702 aircraft operations. Another main carrier, Ryanair, served 41,800 passengers and performed 322 aircraft operations. A record-breaking number of checked passengers and flights was noted on 10 August 2012, with 6,407 served passengers. At that time, one could reach 21 European cities from Modlin Airport5. Within less than six months the airport served 900,000 passengers. Owing to runway repair works, between 22 December and 3 July the airport was closed. Fig. 4. Passenger volume on domestic and international flights, both regular and charter, between 2011 and 2013 in Poland Source: lublin.wyborcza.pl (25/07/2016). 5 www.warszawa.naszemiasto.pl ZN nr 111 Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie (38) 2016 286 K. Wąsowska Fig. 5 Passenger volume on domestic and international flights, both regular and charter, between 2014 and 2015 in Poland Source: www.dlapilota.pl ( 21/08/2016). Fig. 6 Passenger volume on domestic and international flights, both regular and charter, between 2015 and 2016 in Poland Source: www.ulc.gov (of 21/08/2016). Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie (38) 2016 ZN nr 111 The role of Warsaw-Modlin Airport in the Polish air transport system 287 It has been four years since the opening of Warsaw-Modlin Airport, now the fifth largest airport in Poland. According to the airport’s data, as many as seven million passengers had availed of the airport’s services before 9 July this year. The airport has served 1.5 million passengers since the start of the year. It has observed a regular growth