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Mathias Mehofer
REINHARD JUNG · MATHIAS MEHOFER MYCENAEAN GREECE AND BRONZE AGE ITALY: COOPERATION, TRADE OR WAR? »I continue to believe it probable that the occasion for the first introduction of Type II swords to the Aegean was military necessity that drove Mycenaean princes to hire warriors from outside Greece. These warriors brought their own armouries with them. Their swords in particular were greatly admired by their em - ployers, who set their own swordsmiths to copy and adapt them.« 1 Since the publication of Hector Catling’s paper, which contains the above interpretation of Late Bronze Age relations between Mycenaean Greece and its north-western neighbours, various research ers have decisively contributed to a better understanding of the pro - cesses that lead 1) to the adoption of new types of weapons, armour, dress accessories and implements (often referred to as metallurgical koiné or »urnfield bronzes«) at the end of the Aegean Bronze Age and 2) to the local production of impasto pottery of Italian Recent and Final Bronze Age type in the Aegean and beyond. Thanks to the results of recent studies, we are provided with detailed typological arguments 2 that support the theory that the origin of those bronze and pottery types has to be traced back to Italy (figs 1-2). Other schools of research argued that the majority of the types forming the Fig. 1 Sites of the studied objects in Italy. – (Map R. Jung / metallurgical koiné was invented in the regions of M. Mehofer). Fig. 2 Sites of the studied objects in Greece. – (Map R. Jung / M. Mehofer). Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 43 · 2013 175 the Balkans and/or Central Europe and reached the Aegean via a Balkan route 3, whereas still others proposed to ascribe at least specific types to a Central European/Balkan origin 4. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
The Primal Greece : Between Dream and Archaeology
The primal Greece : between dream and archaeology Introduction The Aegean civilisations in the French National Archaeological Museum « This unusual form […] reveals an unknown Greece within Greece […] as solemn, profound and colossal as the other is radiant, light and considered; […] all here meets the reputation of the Atrids and brings back the horror of the Achaean fables », wrote on 1830 in front of the walls of Mycenae, the traveller Edgard Quinet, who was passionate about Greek tragedies. Like other travellers before him, he was aware of approaching the memory of an unknown past, of a primal Greece, but he would never have believed that this Greece dated from prehistoric times. It will be the end of the 19th century before the pioneers of archaeology reveal to the world the first civilisations of the Aegean. The « Museum of National Antiquities» played then a key role, spreading the knowledge about these fabulous finds. Here, as well as in the Louvre, the public has been able to meet the Aegean civilisations. The Comparative Archaeology department had a big display case entirely dedicated to them. The exhibition invites visitors back to this era of endless possibilities in order to experience this great archaeological adventure. Birth of a state, birth of an archaeology As soon as it becomes independent (1832), Greece is concerned with preserving its antiquities and creates an Archaeological Service (1834). Shortly afterwards, Ephemeris Archaiologike, the first Greek archaeological review, is founded, at the same time as the Archaeological Society at Athens. The French School at Athens is founded in 1846 in order to promote the study of antiquities, and is followed by a German study Institute in 1874; many other countries will follow the example of France and Germany. -
Tholos Tomb at Kambos, Avia: Excavation by Christos Tsountas, 1891
Honouring the Dead in the Peloponnese Proceedings of the conference held at Sparta 23-25 April 2009 Edited by Helen Cavanagh, William Cavanagh and James Roy CSPS Online Publication 2 prepared by Sam Farnham Table of Contents Abstracts v Preface xxv 1 Emilia Banou and Louise Hitchcock The 'Lord of Vapheio': the social identity of the dead and its implications for Laconia in the 1 Late Helladic II–IIIA period. 2 Diana Burton God and hero: the iconography and cult of Apollo at the Amyklaion. 25 3 Nikolaos Dimakis The display of individual status in the burials οf Classical and Hellenistic Argos. 33 4 Eleni Drakaki Late Bronze Age female burials with hard stone seals from the Peloponnese: a contextual 51 approach. 5 Rachel Fox Vessels and the body in Early Mycenaean funerary contexts. 71 6 Florentia Fragkopoulou Sanctuary dedications and the treatment of the dead in Laconia (800–600 BC): the case of 83 Artemis Orthia. 7 Stamatis Fritzilas Grave stelai and burials in Megalopolis. 99 8 Pepi Gavala The sculpted monuments in Laconian cemeteries (late 19th – early 20th century). 129 9 Oliver Gengler 151 Leonidas and the heroes of Thermopylae: memory of the dead and identity in Roman Sparta. 10 Mercourios Georgiadis 163 Honouring the dead in Mesolithic and Neolithic Peloponnese: a few general observations. 11 Grigoris Grigorakakis 183 New investigations by the 39th Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical antiquities at Helleniko, n. Kynouria. The burial of Late Classical date from the western roadside cemetery. 12 Georgia Kakourou-Chroni Nikiforos Vrettakos: “Let us depart ascending ...” 201 13 Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos The social and religious significance of palatial jars as grave offerings. -
Artisans in the Service of the Royalty at Dendra and Their Role in the Formation of Fashion Trends
Artisans in the Service of the Royalty at Dendra and their Role in the Formation of Fashion Trends Eleni Konstantinidi-Syvridi1 Abstract: Through its remarkable finds the necropolis at Dendra, covering the periods LH IIB–IIIB, offers an eloquent picture of the luxury possessed by the aristocracy up to the final phase of the early Mycenaean period. It is a time when art and crafts shift away from the hitherto Minoan influences to create forms and symbols that are purely Mycenaean, in search of a new identity. Metalwork of an advanced workmanship, testifying to the presence of highly skilled craftsmen, furnished the distinguished deceased in the necropolis. Craftsmen in the service of the elite seem to have circulated between various areas of the Aegean and Cyprus, forming through their creations common codes between its members. Being one of the few unplundered tholoi of the period, the Dendra tomb gathers most of those features that became fashionable in art and crafts among the early Mycenaean elite. A re-evaluation of the grave goods can therefore provide the impetus for a discussion on the production, manufacture and trade of luxurious items, especially metalwork, at the threshold of the Mycenaean Palatial period. Keywords: Dendra, warrior burials, metalwork, metal vessels, tholos tombs Within the fragile socio-political landscape of the early Mycenaean period, the elite families fought for the establishment of their political and economic power over the region,2 and at the same time shared a network of common values and symbols of -
Museum Representations of the Classical Past in Post-War Greece: a Critical Analysis
MARLEN MOULIOU Museum representations of the classical past in post-war Greece: a critical analysis ‘WHHATAT DDOESOES “AASKSK” TTHEHE SSOURCESOURCES mean?’.1 This is and contextual in perspective, will help us collect relevant a core question that must preoccupy all historians and evidence and clues which will hopefully lead to a better interpreters of the past, who read the past according to understanding of the various interconnecting systems that the questions they subject their sources to and the kind contribute to the representation of the classical past in the of conceptual theories they use. The choice of theory and Greek museum. methodology undoubtedly defines the structure, breadth and content of a research project and consequently the production of knowledge. Historians are, in a way, like Studying museum representations of the classical past: the fishermen;2 the kind of fish they catch depends on the discourses, systems and changes from 1948 to the kind of net they cast in the water. present day This paper’s ‘fish’ is museum constructions of the clas- sical past in post-war Greece,3 which will be critically With the outbreak of World War II, the Greek Archaeo- investigated using a complex set of ‘nets’. These are the logical Service9 was placed in the unfortunate situation of Foucauldian concepts of ‘discourse’4 and ‘representation’,5 having to dismantle all the archaeological museum exhi- change management6 and organizational theories as well as bitions around the country and rebury the antiquities in theories deriving from the field of developmental psychol- the ground in order to secure their safety and survival dur- ogy and human ecology.7 ing wartime operations. -
Classics in Greece
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Expositions (E-Journal, Villanova University) [Expositions 5.2 (2011) 18-22] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747-5376 Classics in Greece NIKOLAOS PAPAZARKADAS University of California, Berkeley It is not without some hesitation that I offer this contribution. For, I will have in effect to comment on a system that largely accounts for my own education, yet a system I have long left behind me (and I do not mean this in a dismissive way). A system which, paradoxically – and please keep this in mind – does not have one single department officially named “Department of Classical Studies,” “Classics,” or something similar. My paper will be to a large extent descriptive and rather superficial and it has to be preceded by a lengthy introduction. The Kingdom of Greece, the predecessor of the Hellenic Republic, was founded in 1832, following the Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire. As happened with most European nation-states that emerged following the French Revolution, the identity of the young nation was constantly negotiated. I think I would not err in claiming that as a result of a fierce ideological and political struggle the victorious tenet was the one that saw the modern Greeks as the direct descendants of the creators of classical Greek civilization. Continuity, most visible in aspects of the language, was sought everywhere and had even to be invented where it was actually absent. Thus, from the very beginning Greece was exceptional in that the classical past was appropriated as an intrinsic element, a vital component of the official ideology, rather than as a distant source of cultural and political norms as happened in the case of other European countries and even of the US. -
Looking at the Past of Greece Through the Eyes of Greeks Maria G
Looking at the Past of Greece through the Eyes of Greeks Maria G. Zachariou 1 Table of Contents Introduction 00 Section I: Archaeology in Greece in the 19th Century 00 Section II: Archaeology in Greece in the 20th Century 00 Section III: Archaeology in Greece in the Early 21st Century 00 Conclusion: How the Economic Crisis in Greece is Affecting Archaeology Appendix: Events, Resources, Dates, and People 00 2 Introduction The history of archaeology in Greece as it has been conducted by the Greeks themselves is too major an undertaking to be presented thoroughly within the limits of the current paper.1 Nonetheless, an effort has been made to outline the course of archaeology in Greece from the 19th century to the present day with particular attention to the native Greek contribution. The presentation of the historical facts and personalities that played a leading and vital role in the formation of the archaeological affairs in Greece is realized in three sections: archaeology in Greece during the 19th, the 20th, and the 21st centuries. Crucial historical events, remarkable people, such as politicians and scholars, institutions and societies, are introduced in chronological order, with the hope that the reader will acquire a coherent idea of the evolution of archaeology in Greece from the time of its genesis in the 19th century to the present. References to these few people and events do not suggest by any means that there were not others. The personal decisions and scientific work of native Greek archaeologists past and present has contributed significantly to the same goal: the development of archaeology in Greece. -
NEU ERSCHIENENE LITERATUR 1975–2002/2003 3 Neu Erschienene Literatur 1975–2002/2003 3
A. NEU ERSCHIENENE LITERATUR 1975–2002/2003 3 Neu erschienene Literatur 1975–2002/2003 3 Achilara 1997 Achilara L., Μυρίνα: οι μνημειακές εγκαταστάσεις του οικόπεδου Ευτ. Καζόλη, in: Doumas Ch. G., La Rosa V. (Hrsg.), Η Πολιόχνη και η Πρώιμη Εποχή του Χαλκού στο Βόρειο Αιγαίο – Poliochni e l’antica età del bronzo nell’Egeo Settentrionale, Athen 1997, 298–310. Agallopoulou – Agallopoulou D., Kalliontzis N., Τρία αρχαία λιμάνια στον όρμο Kalliontzis 1988 του Πουρνιά της Β. Λήμνου, AEphem 127, 1988, 167–174. Agallopoulou 1994 Agallopoulou D., Δύο νέες προϊστορικές θέσεις και ένα αρχαίο λιμάνι στη Λήμνο, AEphem 133, 1994, 301–311. Agouridis 1993 Agouridis Ch., Οι μυλόλιθοι από το πρωτοελλαδικό Φορτίο του Δοκού, Ενάλια 5 (1–2), 1993, 20–25. Agouridis 1997 Agouridis Ch., Sea routes and navigation in the third millenni- um Aegean, OxfJA 16, 1997, 1–24. Albanakis – Albanakis K., Syridis G., Παλαιογεωγραφία και φυσικό Syridis im Druck περιβάλλον των προϊστορικών και ιστορικών πληθυσμών της ευρύτερης περιοχής του Θερμαϊκού κόλπου, im Druck. Alcock 1991 Alcock S. E., Urban survey and the polis of Phlius, Hesperia 60, 1991, 421–463. Alcock et al. 1994 Alcock S. E. et al., The Pylos Regional Archaeological Project: 1992–1994, Archaeological News 19, 1994, 24–27. Alimov et al. 1998 Alimov K. et al., Prähistorischer Zinnbau in Mittelasien. Vor- bericht der ersten Kampagne 1997, Eurasia Antiqua 4, 1998, 137–199. Ålin 1991 Ålin P., The prehistoric periods, in: Kase E. W., Sezmler G. J., Wilkie N. C., Wallace P. W. (Hrsg.), The Great Isthmus Corri- dor Route, Explorations of the Phokis-Doris Expedition, vol. -
2017 Ashbacher Mariah Thesis.Pdf (2.334Mb)
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE ZOOMORPHIC REPRESENTATIONS IN EARLY CYCLADIC ART: A CATALOGUE REFERENCE LIST A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN ART HISTORY By MARIAH LOUANN ASHBACHER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 ZOOMORPHIC REPRESENTATIONS IN EARLY CYCLADIC ART: A CATALOGUE REFERENCE LIST A THESIS APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF VISUAL ARTS BY ______________________________ Dr. Rozmeri Basic, Chair ______________________________ Dr. Mary Jo Watson ______________________________ Dr. Allison Palmer © Copyright by MARIAH LOUANN ASHBACHER 2017 All Rights Reserved. I dedicate this thesis to my husband, Todd, and to my children, Christian, Parker and Madison. Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the mentoring I received from Dr. Rozmeri Basic over the last four years, who introduced me to the Aegean Bronze Age. It is because of her that I decided to study Art History. Through my studies at the School of Visual Arts, I became acquainted with several professors who shaped my education, including Dr. W. Jackson Rushing, III, Dr. Robert Bailey, Professor Victor Youritzin, and Professor B. Byron Price. I also want to particularly mention Dr. Mary Jo Watson and Dr. Allison Palmer, who along with Dr. Basic, have been sources of immeasurable inspiration as art historians, professors, and women. I thank them for their contribution to this thesis as members of my committee and for shaping me as an emerging art historian. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ -
Early Cycladic Sculpture in Context Edited by Marisa Marthari, Colin Renfrew and Michael Boyd
Early Cycladic sculpture in context Edited by Marisa Marthari, Colin Renfrew and Michael Boyd Key Features: · First comprehensive reassessment of Early Bronze Age sculpture from the Cycladic islands in a generation · Examines sculpture from settlements, cemeteries and the sanctuary at Kavos, with a discussion of material, techniques and aspects of manufacture · Combines recent archaeological data with new information on previously recorded material The sculpture of the Early Bronze Age Cyclades has been systematically studied since the time of Christos Tsountas at the end of the 19th century. But that study has been hampered by the circumstance that so many of the subsequent finds come from unauthorised excavations, where the archaeological context was irretrievably lost. ISBN: 978-1-78570-195-5 Largely for that reason there are still many problems surrounding the chronology, the function and the meaning of Early Cycladic sculpture. This lavishly illustrated and BINDING: Hardback comprehensive re-assement sets out to rectify that situation by publishing finds which have been recovered in controlled excavations in recent years, as well as earlier finds PRICE: £40.00 for which better documentation can now be provided. Using the material from recent excavation projects, and drawing on the papers presented at a symposium held in PUBLISHER: Oxbow Books Athens in 2014, it is possible now to undertake a fresh overview of the entire body of PAGES: 576 sculpture from the Cycladic islands which has been found in secure archaeological contexts. Beginning with early examples from Neolithic settlement sites and extending SPECIFICATION: 280mm x 216mm into a consideration of material found in later contexts, the 35 chapters are divided into sections which examine sculpture from settlements, cemeteries and the sanctuary at PUBLICATION DATE: Kavos, concluding with a discussion of material, techniques and aspects of September 30, 2016 manufacture. -
D Italian Archaeology in Libya
Archaeology Under Dictatorship Archaelogy Under Dictatorship Edited by MICHAEL L. GALAXY Millsaps College, Jackson, Mississippi CHARLES WATKINSON American School oj Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, New Jersey Springer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Archaelogy under dictatorship / edited by Michael L. Galaty Charles Watkinson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-306-48508-7 - ISBN 0-306-48509-5 (pbk.) 1. Archaelogy and state-Mediterranean Region-History-20th century 2. Dictatorship-Mediterranean Region-History-20th century. I. Galaty, Michael L. II. Watkinson, Charles. CC135.A735 2004 930.r072'01822—dc22 2004046114 ISBN: 0-306-48509-5 softcover ISBN: 0-306-48508-7 hardcover Printed on acid-free paper. First softcover printing, 2006 ©2004 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of tra(|le names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed in the United States of America. 10 987654321 springer.com Contributors Stefan Altekamp • Winckelmann-Institut fiir Klassische Archaologie, Humboldt- Universitat zu Berlin, Germany Bettina Arnold • Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin D.J.