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A Multiscalar Model for the Strymon Neolithic

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A Multiscalar Model for the Strymon Neolithic A MULTISCALAR MODEL FOR THE STRYMON NEOLITHIC Presented for the degree of MPhil in Archaeology FEBRUARY 28, 2019 CARDIFF UNIVERSITY Kati Baneva A Multiscalar Model for the Strymon Neolithic Declarations I declare that, except where indicated by specific reference, the work submitted is the result of the candidate’s own investigation and the views expressed are those of the candidate. Candidate Signature: Kati Baneva I declare that no portion of the work presented has been submitted in substance for any other degree or award at this or any other university or place of learning, nor is being submitted concurrently in candidature for any degree or other award. Candidate Signature: Kati Baneva i A Multiscalar Model for the Strymon Neolithic Thesis Summary There are geographic regions in south-eastern Europe which have been continuously overlooked by mainstream Anglophone prehistoric discourse. This had been at the basis of an unavoidably patchy understanding of the mechanism of the European Neolithic as a whole. My work targets the lack in understanding of a little-known area in the Southern Balkans. This thesis is about the Neolithic of the Strymon River which flows from Bulgaria into Greece. Hailed as a highway or incoming neolithization groups, the Neolithic of the river’s catchment is little-known, despite the richness of its material and settlement records. The thesis presents material previously unavailable to English-speaking audiences and an original perspective on the Neolithic of south- eastern Europe. It is a work which aims to avoid the separation of the river’s catchment based on national borders. The analytical model which this work proposes is of a mutliscalar nature, incorporating both temporal and spatial scales, in an attempt at creating a holistic understanding of a prehistoric area. The multiscalar model finds its roots in the Annales theoretical approach and proposes as a viable alternative to choosing a singular scale on which to focus analysis and interpretation. Working at large, medium and small scales of analysis, this work establishes a settlement network pattern for the entirety of the Neolithic, a settlement biography for two examples of Strymon Neolithic sites, and finally attempts viewing the everyday prehistoric narrative from an innovative point of view. The thesis is successful in narrating the prehistory of the river as a singular geographic unit, disregarding the limitations of national borders. The outcome reveals an unexpected pattern of settlement establishment along the Strymon catchment. Instead of the normative view that the river was populated from its southernmost areas and northwards, the data evidences a much different case. ii A Multiscalar Model for the Strymon Neolithic Acknowledgements I would like to express gratitude for the completion of this project to several people. It has been a truly harrowing experience, mentally and financially, to see this project to a sort of finish. What started as a self-funded PhD and is now ending as a self-funded MPhil thesis would not have been possible without months on end without days off, weekends or any respite. I worked so hard to provide for myself this opportunity and for that I am grateful. I am also indebted to Ally MacKenzie Crystal and Terry Crystal for their financial support when I was faced with the hard reality of not being able to pay a year’s fees. Exploring the Bulgarian and Greek Strymon would have been rubbish without the camaraderie of Donald Crystal, my dearest friend, in academia and life. He also kindly took the photos presented in the text, while I drove us around the almost roads of the wild Bulgarian south west. My parents who willingly dedicated time to exploring the Strymon with me were also irreplaceable companions, especially when our car was robbed 10 m. from the excavations at Mursalevo, Blagoevdrag district. Lastly, I don’t think I would have actualy finished this work if it wasn’t for my partner, Spencer. He spent so much time keeping our home in ship shape and keeping me sane, and I am grateful beyond words for the support that kept me going. iii A Multiscalar Model for the Strymon Neolithic 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ viii 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 9 4 Chapter 1. The Theoretical Grounding for the Multiscalar Approach .................................. 15 4.1 A short history of “Time”? .............................................................................................. 17 4.1.1 What is Time for archaeologists? ........................................................................... 21 4.2 Talking “Space”? ............................................................................................................. 23 4.2.1 The Archaeology of Space ....................................................................................... 24 4.2.2 Space-Time studies ................................................................................................. 27 4.3 Why multi-scalar?........................................................................................................... 28 4.4 An Agenda for The Multiscalar Methodology ................................................................ 31 4.4.1 Embarking on a holistic Neolithic narrative ............................................................ 33 4.4.2 The Long, The Middle and The Short ...................................................................... 34 4.4.3 Long/Large scale of research – A river valley in flux ............................................... 34 4.4.4 Space and time in a Neolithic Settlement – the birth of Settlement Biographies . 35 4.4.5 Human experience at the scale of an embodied day ............................................. 36 4.4.6 Problems and solutions........................................................................................... 38 5 Chapter 2. History of Archaeological research in the southern Balkans .............................. 39 5.1 “A confused kettle of fish” .............................................................................................. 39 5.2 Stuck between West and East? The case of Bulgarian research traditions ................... 42 5.2.1 Balkanism, Otherness and inspecting the Balkan “East” ........................................ 42 5.3 Genesis of Bulgarian historical discourse ....................................................................... 47 5.3.1 The place of archaeology in the wider historical discipline .................................... 49 5.3.2 Foreign influences on Bulgarian archaeological research ...................................... 53 5.4 Greek prehistoric archaeology in the 20th century ........................................................ 58 5.4.1 The Place of Greek Archaeology (Prehistory and Classics) in European Academia 59 5.4.2 Stuck between North and South? - Northern Greek Archaeology ......................... 62 5.4.3 The fate of the Neolithization debate .................................................................... 64 5.5 The problematic study? .................................................................................................. 69 iv A Multiscalar Model for the Strymon Neolithic 5.6 History of Research of the Strymon ............................................................................... 73 5.7 What makes up a geographic unit of study? ................................................................. 79 5.7.1 Can the Strymon valley be considered as a singular unit of study in the landscape of the Neolithic Balkans? ...................................................................................................... 80 5.8 Closing remarks .............................................................................................................. 81 6 Chapter 3. Current state of Neolithic chronology ................................................................ 81 6.1 On the issue of site synchronization .............................................................................. 83 6.2 The state of absolute chronology categories ................................................................. 85 6.3 A principal chronology ................................................................................................... 86 6.3.1 The Early Neolithic phases ...................................................................................... 87 6.3.2 Transitional stage and Late Neolithic ..................................................................... 89 6.4 Resolving the problematic Greek Final Neolithic issue .................................................. 91 6.5 Changes in pottery production ...................................................................................... 93 7 Chapter 4. Case studies ........................................................................................................ 95 7.1 Galabnik .......................................................................................................................... 97 7.1.1 Location, excavation and stratigraphy .................................................................... 97 7.1.2 Architectural features ............................................................................................. 98 7.1.3 Place of Galabnik in the Strymon settlement
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