Contributors

Anna Akasoy obtained her Ph.D. in Oriental Studies in 2005 from the University of Frankfurt. She has taught Islamic studies at different British universities and held a British postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Oxford. She is currently a visiting research fellow at the Käte Hamburger Kolleg ‘Dynamics in the History of Religions’ at the University of Bochum. Her main interests are the history of the medieval Muslim West, medieval philosophy and Sufi sm and the relationship between Islam and other religions. Michael J.B. Allen is a Distinguished Professor Emeritus at UCLA, a past President of the Society of America, and an authority on Renaissance . His most recent book is , Commentaries on : Volume 1: Phaedrus and Ion , in the Villa I Tatti Series (Cambridge, MA, 2008); and he is currently completing an edition and translation of Ficino’s commentaries on the Pseudo-Dionysius. Amos Bertolacci (Ph.D. in Philosophy and in Near Eastern Languages and Civilization) is Associate Professor of History of at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. He is the author of The Reception of ’s Metaphysics in ’s Kitāb al-Šifāʾ: A Milestone of Western Metaphysical Thought (Leiden: Brill, 2006), and of an Italian annotated translation of the metaphysics of Avicenna’s Šif āʾ (Torino: UTET, 2007). He has co-edited, with R. Hissette, the translation of ’ Middle Commentary on the Categories (Leuven: Peeters, 2010), and published several studies on the in fl uence of Arabic philosophy in the Latin Middle Ages, with particular regard to Albert the Great. Charles Burnett is Professor of the History of Islamic In fl uences in Europe at the Warburg Institute, University of London. His work has centred on the transmission of Arabic science and philosophy to Western Europe, which he has documented by editing and translating several texts that were translated from Arabic into Latin, and by describing the historical and cultural context of the translations.

A. Akasoy and G. Giglioni (eds.), Renaissance and Its Aftermath: Arabic 349 Philosophy in Early Modern Europe, International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d’histoire des idées 211, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5240-5 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 350 Contributors

Carlos Fraenkel is associate professor in the departments of Philosophy and Jewish studies at McGill University in Montréal. He is the author of From to : The Transformation of the Dalâlat al-Hâ’irîn into the Moreh ha-Nevukhim (: The Hebrew University Magnes Press, 2007), Philosophical Religions from Plato to Spinoza – Reason, Religion, and Autonomy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), and the forthcoming Teaching Plato in Palestine (Princeton: Press, 2013). Guido Giglioni is the Cassamarca Lecturer in Neo-Latin Cultural and Intellectual History at the Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, University of London. He has published on Jan Baptista van Helmont (Immaginazione e malattia , Milan: Angeli, 2000) and (Francesco Bacone , : Carocci, 2011) and has also edited a volume of manuscript papers of Francis Glisson (Cambridge: Cambridge Wellcome Unit, 1996). Nicholas Holland holds degrees from the Universities of Oxford, London and Hull. His current research interests are in early modern philosophy, in particular the Paduan of the late fi fteenth and early sixteenth centuries. He also has a forthcoming publication on the cultural context of the early modern English stage (in the volume I vincoli della natura: Magia e stregoneria nel Rinascimento , Rome: Carocci, 2012). He works as a senior university administrator in London. Sarah Hutton holds a Chair at Aberystwyth University. Her publications include: Platonism at the Origins of Modernity. Studies on Platonism and Early Modern Philosophy , co-edited with Douglas Hedley (Springer, 2008). Studies on Locke: Sources, Contemporaries and Legacy , co-edited with Paul Schuurman (Springer, 2008) Benjamin Furly (1646–1714): a Quaker Merchant and his Milieu , ed. S. Hutton (Olschki: 2007). Anne Conway. A Woman (CUP 2004). Platonism and the English Imagination (co-edited with Anna Baldwin, CUP 1994), Women, Science and Medicine 1550–1700 (co-edited with Lynette Hunter, Sutton 1997). She is Director of the international series, International Archives in the History of Ideas , and a member of the editorial boards of The British Journal for the History of Philosophy , Notes and Records of the Royal Society , Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy , The Journal for the History of Philosophy . John Marenbon is a senior research fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he has been based since he went there as an undergraduate in 1973. He also became, in 2010, Honorary Professor of Philosophy in the University of Cambridge. He has worked especially on , Eriugena, Abelard and ninth to twelfth-century logic, as well as writing about Averroism in the Latin world and about its relation to Dante. His present interests span these areas, medieval philosophical discussions of paganism (the area of his current main project), and the chronology of medieval philosophy and its continuation beyond the Middle Ages. He is the editor of The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Philosophy (2012). Craig Martin is associate professor of history at Oakland University. He is the author of Renaissance Meteorology: Pomponazzi to Descartes (Baltimore: The Johns Contributors 351

Hopkins University Press, 2011) and is presently writing a book on religion and interpretations of Aristotle in early modern Europe. James E. Montogomery is Sir Thomas Adams’s Professor of Arabic (1632) at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of Trinity Hall. His publications seek to encourage a history of ideas of classical Arabic textualities written against the grain by focussing on works which his discipline has traditionally tended to disqualify as material fi t for this purpose. His edition and translation of the theological epistles of al-Jahiz will be published by New York University Press as part of the Library of Arabic Literature, of which he is an Executive Editor. Gregorio Piaia is professor of the History of Philosophy at the University of . His research has developed in three directions, towards the study of: (a) political, ethical and religious thought in the late medieval and renaissance period (Marsilio da Padova nella Riforma e nella Controriforma, Padova: Antenore, 1977; Marsilio e dintorni. Contributi alla storia delle idee , Padova: Antenore, 1999); (b) the history and theory of philosophical historiography (Vestigia philosophorum. Il medioevo e la storiogra fi a fi loso fi ca , Rimini 1983; Il lavoro storico- fi loso fi co. Questioni di met- odo ed esiti didattici, Padova: 20072 ; Models of the History of Philosophy , Vol. 2: From the Cartesian Age to Brucker, ed. by G. Piaia and G. Santinello (†), Dordrecht: Springer, 2011); and (c) the philosophical culture of the Veneto in the 18th and 19th centuries (Le vie dell’innovazione fi loso fi ca nel Veneto moderno, 1700–1866 , Padova: CLEUP, 2011). Marco Sgarbi works on Kantian Philosophy, German Enlightenment and on the Aristotelian tradition. He is the author of the following volumes: La Kritik der reinen Vernunft nel contesto della tradizione logica aristotelica (Hildesheim: Olms, 2010 ); Logica e metafi sica nel Kant precritico (Frankfurt: Lang, 2010); , Critica del Juicio (Madrid: Maia 2011); Kant e l’irrazionale ( Milan, forth- coming); Kant on Spontaneity (London: Continuum, 2012); The Aristotelian Tradition and the Rise of British Empiricism (Dordrecht: Springer, 2012). He has been awarded numerous fellowships, including a Frances A. Yates Short-Term Research Fellowship at the Warburg Institute, a Research Grant at the Università di Verona, a Fritz Thyssen-Stipendiat at the Herzog August Bibliothek of Wolfenbüttel and an Accademia dei Lincei-British Academy Research Fellowship. He is currently ‘Jean-François Malle’ Fellow at Villa I Tatti-The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies. Leen Spruit studied theology and philosophy at the University of Amsterdam, where he received his PhD in 1987. He is now associate researcher at the Centre for the History of Philosophy and Science (Radboud University Nijmegen), and lecturer of Dutch language and literature at the ‘Sapienza’ University in Rome. Publications include: Il problema della conoscenza in (: Bibliopolis, 1988); Species intelligibilis: From Perception to Knowledge (Leiden: Brill, 1994–1995); Catholic Church and Modern Science: Documents from the Roman Archives of the Holy Offi ce and the Index, 4 vols (vol. I: The Sixteenth Century , Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2009, with Ugo Baldini). He has edited Agostino 352 Contributors

Nifo’s De intellectu (Leiden: Brill, 2011) and in 2010 has discovered in the Vatican Library the only surviving manuscript of Spinoza’s Ethics which he has co-published with Pina Totaro (Leiden: Brill, 2011). José Manuel García Valverde received his Ph.D. in Philosophy (2004) from the University of Sevilla, where he currently works as research fellow, teaching, among other subjects, Renaissance philosophy. His main interest lies in the history of from antiquity to the sixteenth century. In this fi eld, he has focused his attention on the analysis and the critical edition of different texts by Aristotelians such as , , Girolamo Cardano and Jacopo Zabarella. He has also produced the fi rst Spanish translations of several texts by Alexander of Aphrodisias. At the moment, he is preparing editions of Pomponazzi’s Tractatus acutissimi and Zabarella’s De rebus naturalibus . Bibliography

Manuscript Sources

Avicenna, Kit āb al-shifā’ , Leiden, University Library, MS Or. 4. Avicenna, Kit āb al-shifā’ , Leiden, University Library, MS Or. 84. Balsamo, Annibale, Dubia aliquot in Posteriora circa mentem Averrois , Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, MS D 129 inf., fols 7r -16 r . Corti, Matteo, Recollectae in septimum colliget Averrois, , Biblioteca Marciana, MS Lat. VII, 50 (=3570), fols 1r -65r . Delmedigo, Elijah, Letter to Giovanni Pico, Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS Latin 6508, 71a -77 b . Mainardi, Pietro, Colliget Averois cum explanationes super V, VI, VII libri, Ferrara, Biblioteca Ariostea, MS II 84, fols 2v -287v . Porzio, Simone, Prologus Averrois super primum phisicorum Aristotelis , Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, MS A 153 inf., fol. 2r . Storella, Francesco, Animadversionum in Averroem, pars prima logicales locos comprehendens , Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, MS I 166 inf., fols 123r -156r . Storella, Francesco, Observationum in Averroem liber secundus locos ad naturalem, medicinam, atque super naturalem philosophiam attinensque amplectens, Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, MS 166 inf., fols 158r -214v .

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A. Akasoy and G. Giglioni (eds.), Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic 353 Philosophy in Early Modern Europe, International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d’histoire des idées 211, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5240-5 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 354 Bibliography

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A Agricola, Rudolph (1444–1485) , 249 Abano, Pietro d’ (c. 1257––1316) , 30, 57 Akasoy, Anna , 5, 8, 37, 101, 145, 215, 216, Conciliator differentiarum quae inter 276, 281, 283, 321, 325 philosophos et medicos Akkerman, Fokke , 230 versantur , 57 ‘Alawī, Jamāl al-Dīn , 38 Abarbanel, Isaac (1437–1508) , 84 Albalat, Antoine , 274 Abbāsid , 243, 302, 333 Albéric de Reims (c. 1085–1141) , 282 Abed al-Jabri, Mohammed (1935–2010) , 344 Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280) , Abelard, Peter (1070–1142) , 252 105–110, 112, 114–115, 117, 119, Abi Abdillas. See Abū ‘Abdallāh Muammad, 121, 130, 152, 157–159, 188, 240, Abū ‘Abdallāh al-Battānī 249–250, 345 Abrahams, Israel (1858–1925) , 219 Book of Minerals , 115, 117, 126 A b ū ‘Abdallāh Muammad Physica , 109, 119 (Abi Abdillas) , 244 Albohazen. See Abū ’l-asan A b ū ’l-asan ʿAlī ibn Abī ’-Rijāl (Albohazen) Albumasar. See Abū Ma’shar (died after 1037) , 41, 238 Alexander of Aphrodisias ( fl . 200) , 7, 24, 26, A b ū Ma‘shar (Albumasar) (787–886) , 30, 46, 68–70, 72–75, 95, 113, 113, 238 127–129, 132, 134, 135, 146, 153, A b ū Nuwās (c. 756–c. 814) , 311 159, 161, 163, 168, 169, 238, 247 A b ū Yayā ibn al-Birīq (d. 796/806) , 44 Commentary on De anima , 70 A b ū Ya‘qūb Yūsuf (d.1184) , 4, 331 Commentary on Physica , 69 A b ū Yūsuf Ya’qūb (c. 1160–1199) , 334 On the Soul , 169 Abubacer. See Ibn ufayl Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) , 252 Academia Veneta , 76 Alhazen. See Ibn al-Haytham Achillini, Alessandro (1463–1512) , 12–14, 18, Allen, Michael J.B. , 5, 6, 14, 83, 87, 88, 97, 23, 79, 126, 176, 180, 238 115, 116, 119, 199 De elementis , 13 Allgemeine Litteraturzeitung , 266 Quolibeta de intelligentiis , 18, 176, 180 Allut, Paul , 187 Açikgenç, Alparslan , 256 Almohads , 3, 216, 217, 332–335 Adam , 47, 52, 54, 242 Alonso Alonso, Manuel , 43 Adamson, Peter , 28, 39, 68, 77, 79, 106, 337 Alsted, Johann Heinrich (1588–1638) , 64 Adorno, Theodor W. (1903–1969) , 345 Altmann, Alexander (1906–1987) , 112 Adud al-Dawla (936–983) , 333 Álvarez Morales, Camilo , 187 Aegidius Romanus. See Giles of Rome Āl Yāsīn, Ja‘far , 215 Aertsen, Jan A. , 63, 79, 130, 131, 159, Amedroz, Henry Frederick (1855–1917) , 332 228, 325 Amerio, Romano (1905–1997) , 24

A. Akasoy and G. Giglioni (eds.), Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic 381 Philosophy in Early Modern Europe, International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d’histoire des idées 211, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5240-5, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 382 Name Index

Amos , 184 Ash‘ariyya (school of Islamic theology Amsterdam , 25, 89, 234, 240, 244–248, named after al-Ash’ari) , 41, 252, 259 286, 318 Anaxagoras (c. 500–428 BC) , 158, 296 Athens , 39, 82, 265, 287, 296, 298–300, 318, Andalusia , 37, 54 337, 338 Anderson, James F. , 155 Augustus (63 BC–14) , 252, 289 Angelo of Arezzo ( fl . 1325) , 11 . See Ibn Bājja Anisson, Laurent (c. 1600–1672) , 239 Avenzoar. See Ibn Zuhr Anthony of Parma ( fl . 1320) , 11 Averroes. See Ibn-Rushd Antonius, Wilhelm (d. 1611) , 64 Avicenna. See Ibn Sīnā Anton, John Peter , 265 Ávila, María Luisa , 332 Apollonius of Perga (c. 262-c. 190 BC) , 165 Azmeh, Aziz , 346 Aquarius, zodiac sign , 83 Aquinas, Thomas (1225–1274) Commentary on Metaphysica , 40 B De unitate intellectus contra Averroistas , Babb, Lawrence , 82 17, 118, 166, 322 Bacilieri, Tiberio (1461–1511) , 6, 12 Summa contra Gentiles , 131, 155, 157 Bacon, Francis (1561–1626) Summa theologiae , 149 Advancement of Learning , 240 Arabia , 242–244 The Essayes , 185 Arangio-Ruiz, Vladimiro (1887–1952) , 237 New Atlantis , 175 Argyropoulos, John (1415–1487) , 89, 90 Novum organum , 240 Aries… MARS, mythological character , Baconthorpe, John (ca. 1290–1347) , 11, 71 83, 84, 115 Badawī, ʿAbd al-Ramān (1917–2002) , 38 Aristotle Baf fi oni, Carmela , 78, 187 Categories , 141, 166 Baghdad , 243, 302, 310, 333 De anima , 15, 18, 22, 23, 25, 70, 89, 95, Bagolino, Giovanni Battista (d. 1552) , 106, 125, 146, 154, 159, 166, 167, 8, 58, 64 175, 180 Bakker, Paul J.J.M. , 70 De coelo , 68, 103, 104 Balcou, Jean , 274 De generatione animalium , 44, 52, Baldi, Marialuisa , 145 181, 239 Balduini, Girolamo ( fl . 1560–1570) , 70, 75 Historia animalium , 44, 45 Expositio aurea in libros aliquot Metaphysica , 29, 30, 74, 105, 113, 157, Physicorum Aristotelis , 70, 75 181, 199 Ballester, Luis García (1936–2000) , 188 Meteorologica , 34, 42, 74 Balsamo, Annibale ( fl . 1580s) , 75 , 125, 134 Dubia aliquot in Posteriora circa mentem Opera cum Averrois commentariis , 22, 24, Averrois , 75 29, 30, 32, 33, 38, 40, 52, 53, Baltussen, Han , 79 59–61, 66–69, 74, 102–104, Balzac, Honoré de (1799–1850) , 313 109, 111–114, 126, 181, Bamborough, J. B. , 81 188, 198 Barbaro, Ermolao (1453–1493) , 69, 75, 245 Poetica , 221, 304, 339, 342, 343 Barbin, Claude (1629–1700) , 249 Politics , 68 Barbotin, Edmond , 159 Posterior Analytics , 9, 60, 63, 75 Barnard, F. M , 266 Rhetorica , 60, 221, 304 Baron, Salo Wittmayer (1895–1989) , 289 Topica , 85, 304 Barthes, Roland G. (1915–1980) , 313 Armengaud de Blaise ( fl . 1280s) , 187 Bartòla, Alberto , 213 Armstrong, A.H. (1909–1997) , 116 Bate, Henry (1246–after 1310) , 132 Arnald of Villanova (c. 1235–1311) , Batnitzky, Leora , 286 188, 249 Battānī, Abū ‘Abdallāh (Albategnius) Ashʿarī, Abū ’l-asan (c. 858–929) (‘Abi Abdillas’) , 244 (873/874–935/936) , 41 Baumeister, Friedrich Christian Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn , 318 (1709–1785) , 262 Name Index 383

Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb Boethius of Dacia ( fl . 1270s) , 130, 281, 282 (1714–1762) , 262 De summo bono , 130 Metaphysica , 263 Bohm, Michael ( fl . 1720s) , 89 Bayle, Pierre (1647–1706) , 89, 234, 241, 246, Bologna , 2, 4, 10, 12, 18, 70–72, 108, 150, 250, 251, 253, 258, 259, 324, 336 176, 188, 322 Dictionnaire historique et critique , 89, Bonacosa, magister (f. 1250) , 187 234, 241, 259 Boneschi, Sara , 241 Bazán, Bernardo Carlos , 127, 155 Bonin, Thérèse , 119 Bazzana, André , 334 Bonner, Anthony , 107 Beati, Giovanni Francesco ( fl . 1543–1546) , Booth, Wayne C. (1921–2005) , 288, 311–314 72, 74 Critical Understanding: The Powers and Quaesitum in quo Averois ostendit Limits of Pluralism , 311, 312 quomodo veri fi catur corpora Bordelon, Laurent (1653–1730) , 7, 249 coelestia cum fi nita sint , 72 Théatre philosophique , 7, 249 Becker, Matthias (d. 1606) , 177 Borro, Girolamo (1512–1592) Bedwell, William (1563–1632) , 204 De motu gravium et levium , 76 Beirut , 40, 46, 127, 215, 332 Multae sunt nostrarum ignorationum Belo, Catarina , 53 causae , 76 Benali, Bernardino (1458–1543) , 72 Boullata, Issa J. , 326 Ben Calonymos of Arles (1286–1328?) , 101 Boureau-Deslandes, André-François Benzon, Pietro ( fl . 1480s), (1689–1757) , 7, 25, 251, 252 Berbers , 216, 333, 335 Histoire critique de la philosophie , 7, 25, Bériou, Nicole , 334 251, 252 Berkeley, George (1685–1753) , 85, 94, Bourke, Vernon J. (1907–1998) , 155 116, 303 Bouyges, Maurice , 40, 46 Bernardi, Antonio (1502–1565) , 12 Bowen, William , 14 Bernardus, Hieronymus , 102 Boye, Heinrich (d. 1711/12) , 263 Bertolacci, Amos , 5, 37, 39, 53, 54, 148, Brague, Rémi , 337 239, 336 Branca, Vittore (1913–2004) , 75 Bessarion, Basilios (1403–1472) , 150 Braun, Klaus , 159 Bettetini, Maria , 130 Brenet, Jean-Baptiste , 1, 6, 103, 126, Bevir, Mark , 286 131–133, 322 Bianchi, Luca , 11, 16, 20, 130, 281 Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb , 279 Bianchi, Massimo Luigi , 175 Breznicius of Poland, Iacobus , 60 Bil fi nger, Georg Bernhard (1693–1750) , 262 Brugmann, J. , 44 Bindoni, Francesco ( fl . 1523–1557) , 72 Brumen, Thomas (c. 1532–1588) , 26 Bion of Borysthenes (c. 325–c. 250 BC), 249 Brunel, Pierre (c. 1658–1740 ) , 234 Bishop, Richard ( fl . 1631–1653) , 198 Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600) , 78, Black, Deborah L. , 89, 106, 107, 117, 129, 176, 260 186, 221 Brunschwig, Jacques (1929–2010) , 117 Blackwell, Constance W.T. , 201, 242 Bruns, Ivo (1853–1901) , 169 Blaeu, Joan (1650–1712) , 245 Bruyerin, Jean-Baptiste ( fl . 1560s) , 187 Blaeu, Pieter (1637–1706) , 245 Büttgen, Philippe , 283 Blair, Rhonda L. , 81 Bucharest , 240 Bland, Kalman , 213 Budde, Johann Franz (1667–1729) Blaustein, Michael , 31, 32, 178, 179 Analecta historiae philosophicae , 260 Blumberg, Harry , 29 Theses theologicae de atheismo et Blumenthal, H.J. , 164 superstitione , 259 Blyenbergh, Willem van (1632–1696) , Traité de l’athéisme et de la superstition , 231–233, 235 89, 259 Boccadiferro, Ludovico (1482–1545) , 76 Buddhists , 234 Explanatio libri I physicorum Aristotelis , 76 Bukhara , 244 Bodleian library , 198 Burana, Giovanni Francesco (c. 1475/80–after Boeckmann, Peter (1684–1757) , 246 1503) , 9, 60–63 384 Name Index

Bürgel, J. Christoph , 187 Cesalpino, Andrea (1524/25–1603) , Burman, Thomas E. , 335 260, 262 Burnett, Charles , 8, 9, 55, 69, 77, 331 Chaix-Ruy, Jules (1896–1975?) , 273 Burnouf, Eugène (1801–1852) , 276 Champier, Symphorien (1472–1539) , 75, 187 Burns, Raphaëlle, v Cribratio, lima et annotamenta Burnyeat, Myles , 117, 306, 307 in Galeni, Avicennae et Burton, Robert (1577–1640) , 81 Consiliatoris opera , 75 The Anatomy of Melancholy , 81 Changuion, François ( fl . 1760s) , 25, 252 Butler, John ( fl . 1680) , 205 Charles, Chauvin , 273 Hagiastrologia or The Most Sacred and Charnet, Jean-Paul , 274 Divine Science of Astrology , 205 Chastel, André (1912–1990) , 82 Butterworth, Charles E. , 214, 215, 258, 286, Cheyne, George (1673–1743) , 265 304, 326, 329, 337, 339, 340, Christ. See Jesus 342–347 Ciavolella, Massimo , 83 Ciliberto, Michele , 176 Clark, Stuart , 175 C Clucas, Stephen , 81 Caillois, Roger (1913–1978) , 240 Coccia, Emanuele , 89, 90, 178, 259 Cain , 248 Coimbra commentators , 186 Calphurnius, Franciscus ( fl . 1520s–1530s) , In tres libros de anima Aristotelis , 186 335–336 Collège de France , 274 Calvinist Church , 232 Collini, Stefan , 306 Cambridge Collins, James ( fl . 1664–1681) , 210 Emmanuel College , 197, 202, 204 Cologne , 10, 39, 78, 186 Platonists , 197–211 Confalonieri, Giovanni Battista (d. 1537) , Campanella, Tommaso (1568–1639) 72, 73 Del senso delle cose e della magia , 2, 18 Averrois libellus de substantia orbis , 72 Quod reminiscentur , 23, 24 Confucius , 249 Universalis philosophia , 26 Conrad, Lawrence I. , 42 Campanini, Massimo , 2, 4, 16, 28 , 58, 243 Canaan , 242 Contadini, Anna , 69, 331 Cancer, Mattia (d. c. 1578) , 75, 83, 84 Contarini, Gasparo (1483–1542) , 151 Cancer, zodiac sign , 83, 84 Conway, Edward, 2nd Viscount Canone, Eugenio , 78, 145 (1594–1655) , 198 Canziani, Guido , 145 Cook, Margaret , 94 Capricorn, zodiac sign , 83, 84 Cooperman, Bernard D. , 213 Cardano, Fazio (1444–1524) , 205 Copenhaver, Brian , 5, 8, 81, 90, 92, 100, Cardano, Girolamo (1501–1576) 116, 198 Contradicentia medica , 30, 33 Cordoba , 3, 37–39, 129, 241, 253 De immortalitate animorum , 145–171, 261 Corti, Maria (1915–2002) , 22 De utilitate ex adversis capienda , 22, 24 Corti, Matteo (1475–1542) , 71 Theonoston , 145 Recollectae in septimum colliget Carey, Leonard J. , 109 Averrois , 71 Carlino, Andrea , 67 Couillaud, Bruno , 117 Carnap, Rudolf (1891–1970) , 341 Coulianu, Ioan Petru (1950–1991) , 94 , 134 Cousin, Victor (1792–1867) , 275 Casaubon, Isaac (1559–1614) , 258 Cranz, F. Edward (1914–1998) , 20, 63, 69, 70 Cassirer, Ernst (1874–1945) , 18, 120 Crawford, F. Stuart , 3, 46, 67, 106, 108, 126, Cathala, Marie-Raymond (1886–1932) , 131 148, 175 Cavalcanti, Giovanni (1440–1509) , 85 Cremonini, Cesare (1550–1631) , Cavalcanti, Guido (1250/9–1300), 22 238, 260, 262 Ca’ Zeno da Santorso, Enrico di Cressier, Patrice , 334 ( fl . 1480–1509) , 108 Creuzer, Georg Friedrich (1771–1858) , 111 Celio Rodigino. See Ricchieri, Ludovico Critchley, Simon , 341 Name Index 385

Crivellati, Cesare ( fl . 1600) , 11 De’ Sanctis, Girolamo ( fl . 1487–1494) , 226 Cruz Hernández, Miguel , 16, 38 Desbordes, Henri ( fl . 1680–1711) , 246, 248 Cudworth, Ralph (1617–1688) Descartes, René (1596–1650) , 208, 209, 240, A Treatise Concerning Eternal and 248, 251, 289, 296, 303 Immutable Morality , 200, 201 De Smet, Daniel , 42, 54 True Intellectual System Deucalion, mythological character , 47 of the Universe , 200 Devenet, Jean-Baptiste (d. 1660) , 239 Culler, Jonathan , 306, 311, 313, 314 De’ Vieri, Francesco (Verino secondo) Culverwell, Nathaniel (1619–1651) , 198, (1524–1591) , 76 202–204 De Villemandy de la Mesnière, Pierre An Elegant and Learned Discourse of the Abraham (1636/7–1703) Light of Nature , 202, 203 Epicureae et Cartesianae parallelismum, 248 Curione, Celio Agostino (1538–1567) , 243 Manuductio ad philosophiae Sarracenicae historiae libri tres , 243 Aristoteleae , 248 Curione, Celio Secondo (1503–1569) , 243 Diehl, Ernst (1874–1947) , 164 Cusa, Nicholas of (1401–1464) , 18 Diels, Hermann Alexander (1848–1922) , 97, 156, 164 Di Giovanni, Matteo , 26 D Dillon, John , 85, 95 Dales, Richard C. , 326 Diogenes (412–323 BC) , 134 D’Alverny, Marie-Thérèse (1903–1991) , Diogenes Laertius ( fl . third century AD) , 2, 37, 112, 336 49 , 57, 59, 134, 242 D’Ancona, Cristina , 287 De vita philosophorum , 57 Daniel, Roger ( fl . 1627–1666) , 204 Dodsworth, Martin , 81 Dante Alighieri (c. 1265–1321) Domandi, Mario , 18 Divina commedia , Dominicans , 34 Darms, Gion (1896–1976) , 41 Donato, Francesco (1545–1553) , 57 Da Trino, Comin ( fl . 1539–1573) , 9, 59 Don Quixote , 82 David , 184 David of Dinant (c. 1160–c. 1217) , 260 Davidson, Herbert A. , 39, 94, 103, 104, 126, E 325, 326 Eclecticism , 249, 258–263 Davies, Martin , 97 Eden, Garden of , 242, 301 Davis, John W. , 208 Eleatics , 260 De Balmes, Abraham (ca. 1460–1523) , 9, Eliot, George (1819–1880) , 278 60–64, 77 Elsevier, Johannes (1622–1661) , 242 De Bellis, Ennio , 99, 100, 105 Emery, Jr, Kent , 131 De Benedetti, Giovanni Antonio ( fl . 1510) , 13 Emilsson, Eyjólfur , 207 De Burgos, Juan González ( fl . 1270s) , 43 Emmaus , 97 Degli Oddi, Marco (1526–1591) , 8, 9, Endress, Gerhard , 38, 159, 307, 325 57–64 Epicurus , 134, 157, 237, 239, 248, 249 De Leemans, Pieter , 81 Epis, Anthony , 240 De Libera, Alain , 1, 5, 16, 39, 90, 130, 241, Erasmus, Desiderius (1466?–1536) , 6 279, 281, 283 Erfurt , 4, 11 Delmedigo, Elijah (d. 1493) Ermatinger, Charles J. (1921–2002) , 5, 71 Annotationes to Averroes’s commentary on Ernst, Germana , 2 Aristotle’s Physica , 228 Etzwiler, James P. , 71 De ef fi cientia mundi , 226, 228 Even-Shmuel, Yehuda , 216 De primo motore , 226, 228 Sefer behinat ha-dat (‘The Examination of Religion’) , 213, 214 F De Minutis, Andreas , 102 Fabio, Romolo ( fl . 1550s) , 8 De Piasis, Pietro ( fl . 1478–1494), 226, 356 Faelli, Benedetto (d.1523) , 18 Derrida, Jacques (1930–2004) , 287, 341 Fakhri, Majid , 127 386 Name Index

F ārābī, Abū Nar (c. 872–950/1) Foucault, Michel (1926–1984) , 287, 341 Falsafat A fl āun (‘The Philosophy of Fraenkel, Carlos , 30, 101, 213–215, 217, 222, Plato’) , 292 230–233 Kitāb al-urūf (‘Book of Letters’) , 215 France , 57, 69, 82, 90, 230, 247–251, 273, Kitāb al-milla (‘Book of Religion’) , 215 274, 278, 281, 296 Kitāb taīl al-saʿāda (‘The Attainment of Franciscans , 34 Happiness’) , 215, 216 Frank, Daniel H. , 77, 320 Mabādiʿ ārāʾ ahl al-madīna al-fāila Frank, Richard , 49 (‘The Principles of the Views of the Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor People of the Virtuous City’) , 42 (1112–1190) , 245 What Must Precede the Learning of Frege, Gottlob (1848–1925) , 341 Aristotle ‘ s Philosophy , 304 French moralists , 249 Farmer, Stephen A. , 121, 122 Freudenthal, Gad , 40, 45, 47, 54, 217 Farrer, Austin M. (1904–1968) , 261 Freud, Sigmund (1865–1939) Fattori, Marta , 175 The Interpretation of Dreams , 319 Faulkner, Thomas C. , 81 Moses and Monotheism , 318 Fauser, Winfried , 131 Fricaud, Émile , 334 Federici Vescovini, Graziella , 39 Froben, Ambrose (1537–1602) , 89 Fénelon, François (1651–1715) , 250 Froben, Aurelius (1539–1587) , 89 Abrégé des vies des anciens Froschauer, Christoph (c. 1490–1564) , 70 philosophes , 250 Fernel, Jean (1497–1558) , 189 Physiologia , 189 G Ferrandus of Spain ( fl . 1290) , 11 Gabbey, Alan , 208 Ferrandus of Spain ( fl . 1290s) , 131 Gabrieli, Francesco (1904–1996) , 307 Ferrara , 71 Gaddi, Jacopo (c. 1600–after 1658) , 247 Ferrari, G.R.F. , 305 De scriptoribus non ecclesiasticis Graecis, Feuerbach, Ludwig (1804–1872) , 278 Latinis, Italicis , 247 Fiandino, Ambrogio (ca. 1467–1532) , 151 Gaetanus of Thiene (1387–1465) , 108–110 Ficino, Marsilio (1433–1499) Questio de sensu agente , 108, 109 Commentary on Phaedrus , 86, 87, 96, 116 Galen (130–200) , 66, 67, 70, 78, 146, Commentary on Plotinus’s Enneads , 187–191, 244, 307 111, 116 Garber, Daniel , 230 Commentary on Timaeus , 88, 112, 115, García Valverde, José Manuel , 145, 116, 119 203, 261 De vita libri tres , 116 Garfagnini, Gian Carlo , 101, 116 Theologia Platonica , 5, 116, 199 Garin, Eugenio (1909–2004) , 66, 120–122 Field, Arthur , 99 Gassendi, Pierre (1592–1655) , 14, 239, 249 Fierro, Maribel , 332, 334 Syntagma philosophicum , 239 Fioravanti, Gianfranco , 125, 281 Gätje, Helmut (1927–1986) , 186 Fiorentino, Francesco (1834–1884) , 176 Gauss, Christian (1878–1951) , 312 Flasch, Kurt , 323 Gauthier, René-Antoine , 5, 11, 89, 282, 283 Flashar, Hellmut , 81 Gebhardt Carl (1881–1934) , 230 Flesher, James ( fl . 1649–1671) , 202, 206 Geffen, David M. , 213, 220 Fonseca, Pedro de (1528–1599) , 40 Gemini, zodiac sign , 84 Fontaine, Resianne , 217 Genequand, Charles , 39, 40, 46 Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bouyer de Genovesi, Antonio (1712–1769) , 241 (1657–1757) , 250 Dissertatio physico-historica de rerum Éloges des Académiciens , 250 origine et constitutione , 241 Forrester, John M. , 189, 318–320 Gentile of Cingoli ( fl . 1290) , 11 Forshaw, Peter J. , 81 Genua, Marcantonio (1491–1563) , 12, 70 Fortenbaugh, William W. , 161 Geoffroy, Marc , 22, 126, 238, 334, 336 Name Index 387

George of Trebizond (1395–1472/3) , 81, 150 Grant, Edward , 66 Gerhardt, Carl Immanuel (1816–1899) , 261 Greek commentators , 5, 7, 63, 68–70, , 7, 251, 255, 258–260, 289, 296 72–76, 248 Gersh, Stephen , 40 Greene, Robert A. , 203 . See Gherson Green, Kenneth Hart , 320 Gesenius, Wilhelm (1786–1842) , 278, 279 Green, Otis , 82 Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Green-Pedersen, Niels J. , 130 Hebraeae , 279 Green, Thomas H. (1836–1882) , 241 Gesner, Konrad (1516–1565) , 70 Griffel, Frank , 47 Bibliotheca universalis , 70 Grif fi th, Tom , 305 Ghazālī, Abū āmid (1058–1111) , 47–53, 68, Grose, Thomas H. (1845–1906) , 241 95, 100, 102, 110, 183, 325, 331, Grotius, Hugo (1583–1645) , 296 332 Gryphe, Sébastien (1493–1556) , 177 Tahāfut al-falāsifa (‘The Incoherence of Guichard, Pierre , 334 the Philosophers’) , 48, 100 Guillermet de Bérigard, Claude Gherson, Levi ben (1288–1344) , 55, (1578–1663) , 262 57, 59 Gulliver, fi ctional character , 290 Giacomo of Piacenza (f. 1340) , 11 Gutas, Dimitri , 39, 159, 161, 243, 288, 301, Giglioni, Guido , 1, 29, 81, 99, 145, 173, 175 302, 304–305, 307, 322, 338, Giles of Orleans ( fl . 1290) , 11 339, 344 Giles of Rome (c. 1243–1316) , 108, 109, Guttmann, Julius (1880–1950) , 219, 220, 245, 246 223, 227 Quodlibeta , 108, 246 Gyekye, Kwame , 107 Gimaret, Daniel , 41 Ginzberg, Louis (1873–1953) , 285, 307 Ginzburg, Carlo , 314, 319 H Gissey, Henri-Simon-Pierre Halevi, Yehuda (c. 1075–1141) , 308 (1691?–1761) , 250 Hallaq, Wael , 287 Giunta, Bernardo (1487–1551) , 57 Halle , 260, 268 Giunta brothers , 8, 59 Hamesse, Jacqueline , 178 Giunta, Lucantonio (1457–1538), 354, 357 Hamilton, Alastair , 181, 204 Giunta, Tommaso , 57–59 Hankins, James , 14, 40, 66, 81, 83, 90, 97, Glanvill, Joseph (1636–1680) 115, 199 A Blow at Modern Sadducism , 210 Hartmann, Georg Volckmar ( fl . 1730s) , 7, 251 Sadducismus Triumphatus , 210 Anleitung zur Historie der Leibnitzisch- Glasner, Ruth , 77, 114, 217 Wolf fi schen Philosophie , 7, 251 Glaucon, character in Plato’s dialogue , 290 Hartpole Lecky, William Edward (1838–1903) Göckel, Rudolph, the Older (1547–1628) , 177 Democracy and Liberty , 289 Lexicon philosophicum , 177 A History of England , 289 Goering, Joseph W. , 326 A History of European Morals from Golb, Norman , 214, 234, 331 Augustus to Charlemagne , 289 Gouguenheim , 283 A History of the Rise and In fl uence of Gourevitch, Victor , 285 Rationalism in Europe , 289 Gowland, Angus , 81 Harvey, Elizabeth R. , 175 Goyons, Michèle , 81 Harvey, Steven , 67, 69, 77 Gozze, Niccolò Vito di (1549–1610) , 72 Haskell, Yasmin , 175 In sermonem Averrois Hasnaoui, Ahmed , 39 de substantia orbis , 72 Hasse, Dag Nikolaus , 10, 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, Grabmann, Martin (1875–1949) , 5, 11, 282 54, 55, 63, 66, 79, 90, 322, 336 Graces, the , 84 Hauréau, Jean-Barthélémy (1812–1896) , 281 Grafton, Anthony , 121, 122 Hayduck, Michael , 164 Grand Mogul , 261 Haym, Rudolf (1821–1901) , 256 388 Name Index

Hayoun, Maurice-Ruben , 90, 274, 281 I Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831) , Iacobus de Pistorio. See James of Pistoia 269, 278, 341, 344 Ibn al-Qalānisī (d. 1160) Heidegger, Martin (1889–1976) , 285, Dhayl ta’rīkh Dimashq ('Addendum to the 299, 341 History of Damascus') , 332 Heimsoeth, Heinz (1886–1975) , 257 Ibn Bājja (Avempace) (d. 1138) ‘Persönlichkeitsbewußtsein und Ding Epistola continuationis , 128 an sich in der Kantischen Epistola expeditionis , 128 Philosophie,’ 257 Ibn Qutayba (669–715/716) , 330 Heinze, Richard (1867–1929) , 156 Ta’wīl mushkil al-Qur’ān (‘Interpretation Henri II, King of France (1519–1559), of the Dif fi cult Parts 57, 187 of the Quran’) , 330 Henry, John , 169 Ibn Rushd, Abū ’l-Walīd Muammad ibn Henry of Wesalia ( fl . 1360) , 11 Rushd (Averroes) Heraclitus (c. 535–c. 475 BC) , 97, 113 an unbeliever , 241 Herder, Johann Gottfried (1744–1803) , Bidāyat al-mujtahid wa-nihāyat al-muqtaid 6, 256, 266 fī ’l-fi qh (‘The Starting-Point Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der of the Learned Man Engaged Menschheit , 256, 266 in an Effort of Personal Meditation Hermann of Erfurt ( fl . 1360) , 11 and the Final Achievement Hermann of Winterswiijk ( fl . 1360) , 11 of the Learned Person, Who Hermann the German (d. 1272) , 64 is Balanced in Questions of Law’) , 3 Hermes, mythological character , 298 Collectanea , 187 Hermes Trismegistus , 116, 137, 242 Commentary on Plato’s Republic , Herodotus (c. 484–c. 425 BC) , 45, 241 22, 68, 216 Historiae , 45 De substantia orbis , 25, 26, 70–74, 198 Hippocrates (c. 460–c. 370BC) , 66, 67 Epitome of the Organon , 64 Hippocratics , 293 Epitome on Parva naturalia , Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679) , 200, 209, 29, 181, 184 293, 296 Fal al-maqāl ('Decisive Treatise') , 4, 214, Hoenen, Maarten J.F.M. , 40 219, 325 Hogendijk, Jan P. , 54, 68 jurist , 3, 255, 326 Holland, Nicholas , 25, 99, 199 Kashf ‘an manāhij al-adilla fī ‘aqā’id Horkheimer, Max (1895–1973) , 345 al-milla (‘Uncovering the Methods Horn, Georg (1620–1670) , 7, 242 of Proofs with Respect to the Historiae philosophicae libri septem , Beliefs of the Religious 7, 242 Community’) , 4 Hottinger, Johann Heinrich (1620–1667) , 247 Kitāb al-Kulliyyāt (Colliget) , 22, 187 Bibliothecarius quadripartitus , 247 Long Commentary on Analytica Hourani, George F. (1913–1984) , posteriora , 75 214, 329, 333 Long Commentary on De anima , 135 Houyhnhms, race of intelligent horses, in Long Commentary on De coelo , 103, 104, Gulliver’ s Travel , 290 109, 111 Hübsch, Adolph (1830–1884) , 219 Long Commentary on De plantis , 58 Huby, Pamela M. , 161 Long Commentary on Metaphysica , 29, Huggard, E.M. , 261 39, 40, 53, 103, 113 Huguetan, Jean-Antoine (1619–c. 1681?) , Long Commentary on Physica , 53, 69, 71, 22, 152 73, 75, 102, 109, 114 Hume, David (1711–1776) , 241, 303 Maqālāt fī ’l-maniq wa’l-ʿilm al-abīʿī Husserl, Edmund (1859–1938) , 257 (‘Treatises about Logic and Natural Hutton, Sarah , 181, 197, 201 Philosophy’) , 38 Hyman, Arthur , 325 Middle Commentary on De anima , 58 Name Index 389

Middle Commentary on De caelo , 58 Israel, Jonathan , 241, 321, 324, 336 Middle Commentary on De natura Ivry, Alfred L. , 126, 185, 213, 220, 234, animalium , 58 325, 331 Middle Commentary on Metaphysica , 58, 59 Middle Commentary on Physica , 58 J Middle Commentary on Poetica , 304, Jachmann, Reinhold Bernhard (1767–1843) 339, 342 Prüfung der Kantischen Paraphrase of De anima , 6, 58 Religionsphilosophie , 268 Paraphrase of Metaphysica , 58 Jacquart, Danielle , 187 Paraphrase of Physica , 58 Jacques de Plaisance/Jacobus de Placentia , Paraphrase of Ptolemy’s , 58 See Giacomo di Piacenza a philosopher , 5, 90, 216, 237, 239 James of Pistoia ( fl . end 13th century– a physician , 336 beginning 14th) , 132 Quaesita logica (‘Logical questions’) , 64 Quaestio de felicitate , 132 On the Sperm , 59 Jandun, John of (ca. 1285–1323) Tafsīr mā ba ‘d al-abī ‘a (‘Commentary on In duodecim libros metaphysicae , 132, 133 the Metaphysics’) , 41 In libros Aristotelis de coelo et mundo Tahāfut al-Tahāfut (‘Incoherence of the quae extant quaestiones Incoherence’Destructio subtilissimae , 73 destructionum ) , 4, 46, 47, 100, 199 Quaestiones super Parvis naturalibus , 73 Ibn Sab‘īn (d. c. 1269) , 336, 337 Subtilissime quaestiones in octo libros Sicilian Questions , 336, 337 Aristotelis de physico auditu , 73 Ibn Sharīfa, Muammad , 336 Super libros de anima subtilissimae Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) quaestiones , 132 Canon , 188, 336 Janssens, Jules , 42 De diluviis , 43, 45, 49, 53 Jansson, Jan (1588–1664) , 244 Kitāb al-Shifāʾ ('Book of the Cure') , 42 Jardine, Nicholas , 314 Ibn Taymiyya (1263–1328) Jeremiah , 184 Darʾ taʿāru al-ʿaql wa’l-naql (‘Averting Jerusalem , 216, 287, 299, 300, 318, 337, 338 the Con fl ict between Reason and Jesus , 250, 274, 275, 277–281 the [Religious] Tradition’) , 336 Job , 242, 280, 300, 313 Ibn Tibbon, Samuel (c. 1150–c. 1230) , 40, 47, John of Göttingen (ca. 1295–1340) , 11 54, 216 John, St , 87 Ibn ufayl (Abubacer, c. 1105–1185) , 3, 39, Jolivet , Jean , 274 42, 44, 54, 302, 333, 334 Judson, Lindsay , 45 Ibn Tūmart (1078/81–1130) , 332 Julius III, Pope (1550–1555) , 57 Ibn umlūs (c. 1164–1123/24) , 334 Jupiter, planet , 83, 84 Ibn Tufayl (Abubacer, c. 1105–1185) , 3 ayy ibn Yaqzān (‘The Living Son K of the Vigilant’) , 42, 302 Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804) Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) (1091–1161) , 238 Critique of Pure Reason , 257 Imbach, Ruedi , 5, 281, 282 Der Streit der Fakultäten , 268 Imbriani, Vittorio (1840–1886) , 176 Grundlegung zur Metaphysik Ingegno, Alfonso , 145 der Sitten , 267 Iorio, Dominick A. , 90 Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in Isaiah , 231 weltbürgerlicher Absicht , 265, 267 I fahān , 39 Metaphysik Mrongovius , 264 Ismā ‘īl, Abd Allāh , 43, 44 Metaphysik Volckmann , 264 Israeli, Isaac ben Solomon Träume eines Geistersehers , 255, 264–266 (c. 832–c. 932) , 112 Vorlesungen über Metaphysik , 257 De elementis , 112 Kavey, Allison , 175 390 Name Index

Keckermann, Bartholomäus Leedham-Green, E. S. , 198 (c. 1571–c. 1609) , 64 Leers, Reinier (1654–1714) Systema systematum , 64 Lefèvre d’Étaples, Jacques (or Faber Kellner, Menachem , 223 Stapulensis) (ca. 1455–1536) , 69 Kemal, Salim (1948–1999) , 28 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716) , Kenny, Anthony , 103 9, 25, 89, 95, 250, 251, 258–263, Kessler Eckhard , 99, 117, 198 303, 323, 324 Khalidi, Muhammad , 215 Theodicy , 261, 262, 324 Khoury, Raif Georges , 322 Leicht, Reimund , 217 Kibre, Pearl (1900–1985) , 102 Leiden , 10, 38, 39, 42, 44, 53, 54, 63, 81, 97, Kiernan, Michael , 185, 240 101, 107, 131, 133, 159, 161, 204, Kiessling, Nicolas K. , 81 217, 221, 226, 242, 259, 287, 304, Kindī (c. 801–873) , 68 307, 325, 335, 336 Klibansky, Raymond (1905–2005) , 82 Leipzig , 18, 82, 83, 89, 164, 241, 251, Klubertanz, George P. 258, 276 (1912–1972) , 117 Le Mair, Johannes ( fl . 1740–1780) , 259 Knowles, David (1896–1974) , 67 Lennon, Thomas M. , 208, 240 Kogan, Barry S. , 103 Lennox, James G. , 45 Kohut, Alexander (1842–1894) , 219 Leo Africanus, Johannes (asan ibn Muammad Kojève, Alexandre (1902–1968), 285, 378 al-Wazzān, c. 1494–c. 1554) , 245 Königsberg , 262, 263 De scriptoribus Arabicis , 246 Korolec, Jerzy B. (1933–2000) , 117 Leo, Bishop of Thessalonica Kouloughli, Djamel Eddine , 283 (ninth century) , 243 Kraemer, Joel L , 286 Leonardi, Claudio (1926–2010) , 125 Kraye, Jill , 69, 81, 111, 112 Leone, Ambrogio (1458/9–1525) , 6, 7, Kretzmann, Norman J. 77, 247 (1928–1998) , 103 Castigationes adversus Averroem , 6, 7 Kristeller, P. O. (1905–1999) , 2, 11, 101, 151 Leone, Camillo (b. 1498) , 247 Krüger, Lorenz (1932–1994) , 295, 343 Leo X, Pope (1513–1521) , 6, 7 Kruk, Remke , 42, 54 Leo, zodiac sign , 83 Kuklick, Bruce , 303 Lerner, Ralph , 22, 216 Kuksewicz, Zdzisław , 5, 11, 12, 131 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729–1781) , Kusukawa, Sachiko , 201 293, 296 Levi, Anthony H. T. , 69 Liceti, Fortunio (1577–1657) , 238 L Link-Salinger, Ruth , 234, 331 La Bruyère, Jean de la (1645–1696) , 250 Lirola Delgado, Jorge , 334 Lagrée, Jacqueline , 230 Litt, Thomas , 109 Lahoud, Nelly , 283 Llull, Ramón (c. 1232–c. 1315) , 335 Lampert, Laurence , 286 Locke, John (1632–1704) , 296, 303 Lange, Johann Joachim (1670–1744) , 260 Lohr, Charles , 59 Caussa Dei et religionis naturalis adversus Long, A. A. , 117 atheismum , 260 Longo, Giovanni Bernardino (1528–1599) , 75 Langermann, Y. Tzvi , 68 Dilucida expositio in prologum Averrois in Langlois, Denis ( fl . 1630s) , 26 Posteriora Aristotelis , 75 La Rochefoucauld, François de Longo, Mario , 251, 259 (1613–1680) , 249 Loop, Jan , 247 Lateran Council , 324 Lord Azrael , 320 Laud, William (1573–1645) Lorenzo de’ Medici (1449–1492) , 249 Leaman, Oliver , 94, 100, 301–303, 322, 328 Louden, Robert B. , 256 Lear, Jonathan , 318 Lowry, Joseph E. , 330 Le Clerc, Jean (1657–1736) , 240 Lucian of Samosata (c. 125–after 180) , 249 Le Duc, Rolet ( fl . 1640s) , 238 Dialogues of the Dead , 249 Leech, David , 204 Lucretius (c. 99–c. 55BC) , 239 Name Index 391

Luisini, Luigi (b. 1526) , 57 Marrakesh , 3 Aphrodisiacus sive de Lue Venerea , 57 Marrākushī (b. 1185) , 333–334 Lulofs, H. J. Drossaart (1906–1998) , 44, 307 Marsilius of Padua (c. 1275–c. 1342) , 309 Luna, Otino ( fl . 1496–1507) , 187 Mars, planet , 83–85 Lyon , 22, 112, 177, 187, 239, 246, 334 Martin, Craig , 5, 6, 11 Lyons, Bridget Gellert , 82 Matteoli, Marco , 176 Lyons, M. C. , 18 Matteo of Gubbio (f. 1330) , 11 Lyra Belacqua, fi ctional character , 320 Maurocordatos, Nicholas (1670–1730) , 240 McAuliffe, Jane Dammen , 326 McCallum, Hugh , 203 M McInerny, Ralph (1929–2010) , 17, 166, 322 MacClintock, Stuart , 116 Mecca , 337 Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469–1527) , 299, 309 Méchoulan, Henry , 181 MacIntyre, Alasdair , 316 Meier, Heinrich , 300, 318 Mack, Peter , 175 Meiners, Christoph (1747–1810) , 251 Maclean, Ian , 145 Melanchthon, Philipp (1497–1560) , 258 Macor, Laura Anna , 264 Melchert, Christopher , 287 Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius ( fl . early Mercury, planet , 83–85, 96 fi fth century) , 83 Merlan, Philip (1897–1968) , 95, 157, 256, In Somnium Scipionis commentarios , 83 257, 268 Mahdi, Muhsin , 214, 286, 305, 329, 337, Meroi, Fabrizio , 84, 90 343, 346 Meyer, Gerbert , 106 Mahoney, Edward P. (1932–2009) , 63, 99, Michael III (840–867) , 243 101, 108, 116, 121, 133, 188 (1175–ca. 1232) , 89 Maier, Anneliese (1905–1971) , 5, 11 Micheau, Françoise , 187 Maierù, Alfonso (1939–2011) , 281 Michelet, Jules (1798–1874) , 313 Maimonides, Moses (1135–1204) , 183, 185, 347 Millepierres, François (1891–1972) , 273 Dalālat al-āʾirīn ('Guide for the Mohammed, Ovey N. , 28 Perplexed) and Moreh Moldavia , 240 ha-Nevukhim , 216 Molina, Luis , 334 Mainardi, Pietro (1456–1529) , 71 Monfasani, John , 81, 89, 90 Colliget Averois cum explanationes super Montero Moliner, Fernando , 256 V, VI, VII libri , 71 Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron Mainetti, Mainetto (d. 1572) , 72 de La Brède et de (1689–1755) , 240 Commentarii in librum I. Aristotelis de Montgomery, James E. , 5, 21, 287, 294, 311, coelo , 72 325, 337 Malagola, Carlo (1855–1910) , 70 Moon , 83, 84, 104, 136, 140, 205 Malebranche, Nicolas (1638–1715) , 239 Moore, G. E. (1873–1958) , 328 De la recherche de la vérité , 239, 240 Moreau, Pierre-François , 230 Malusa, Luciano , 242 More, Henry (1614–1687) M a ʾmūn (786–833) , 243 An Explanation of the Grand Mystery Mandonnet, Pierre (1858–1936) , 281 of Godliness , 204, 205 Mantino ben Samuel, Jacob (d. 1549) , 9 A Collection of Several Philosophical Manzoni, Alessandro (1785–1873) , 237 Writings , 205, 206 Ode civili , 237 Conjectura Cabalistica , 209 Marchand, Suzanne , 345 Divine Dialogues , 204 Marcialis, Maria Teresa , 241 Enchiridion ethicum , 204 Marenbon, John , 5, 10, 101, 283, 325, Enchiridion metaphysicum , 204, 210 327, 331 Immortality of the Soul , 209, 210 Marescotti, Giorgio (d. 1602) , 76 Opera omnia , 205 Marmura, Michael E. (1929–2009) , 47–49, Philosophical poems , 204, 205 51, 329 Psychodia Platonica , 204 Maronites , 244 Tetractys anti-astrologica , 205 Marquis d'Argens, Jean-Baptiste de Boyer Moreri, Louis (1643–1680) , 246, 250, 251 (1704–1771) , 336 Dictionnaire historique , 246 392 Name Index

Morewedge, Parviz , 47 Commentary on Averroes’s De animae Morhof, Daniel Georg (1639–1691) , 246, 247 beatitudine , 133, 137, 140, 142 Polyhistor philosophicus , 246 Commentary on Averroes’s Destructio Morra, Gianfranco , 150 destructionum , 25, 73, 99–102, 104, Mortier, Pierre (1661–1711) , 89, 259 105, 146 Moser, Georg Heinrich (1780–1858) , 111 Commentary on Averroes’s De substantia Moses , 47, 183, 185, 220, 222–230, 236, orbis , 71–73 281, 318 De daemonibus , 116, 120, 122 Moses of Narbonne (, d. De immortalitate anime libellus , 13, 118 after 1362) , 183, 185 De intellectu , 23, 99, 100, 116, 118, 125, Mott, Lewis F. (1863–1941) , 273 127, 131–135, 141–144, 192 Motzkin, Aryeh L. , 220 De primi motoris in fi nitate , 105 Muhammad (c. 570–632), 215, 242–244, 252, 281 De sensu agente , 100, 105, 108–110 Munk, Salomon (1803–1868) , 216 Noah , 47, 242 Muntair, ʿAbd al-alīm , 43, 44 Nola , 6, 247 Muqtadir (895–932) , 302 North Africa , 244 Musca, Giosuè (1928–2005) , 199 Musier, Jean-Baptiste (1671–1737) , 249 O Ogren, Brian , 84 N Oldenburg, Henry (c. 1619–1677) , 230, 232 Nadler, Steven , 230 Olscamp, Paul J. , 240 Nagel, Tilman , 332 Olympiodorus (the Younger, c. 495–570) , Najjar, Ibrahim , 218 68, 69 Naples , 6, 75, 77, 78, 90, 176, 187, 188 O'Meara, Dominic J. , 325 Nardi, Bruno (1884–1968) , 5, 12, 13, 18, 22, O'Neil, Charles J. , 155 23, 33, 34, 70, 99, 105, 132, 150, Ops. See Rhea 176, 180, 192, 193, 282 Ottoman Turks , 335 Nasr, Seyyed Hossein , 303 Ottosson, Per-Gunnar (1951–2008) , 188 Naudaeana et Patiniana , 262 Oxford , 4, 18, 26, 39, 42, 45–47, 81, 94, 100, Naudé, Gabriel (1600–1653) 103, 112, 114, 115, 126, 175, 185, Advis pour dresser une bibliothèque , 238 198, 207, 218, 223, 230, 240, 241, Apologie pour les grands personnages 314, 324–326, 328, 341 soupçonnez de magie , 238 chair in Arabic established in 1636 , 198 Nauta, Lodi , 175 Navagero, Bernardo , 58 Near East , 242, 244 P Nederman, Cary , 283 Pace, Giulio (1550–1635) , 258, 263 Netherlands , 232 Padua , 6, 9, 12, 16, 37, 40, 59, 61–64, 70, 72, Nicholas, John M , 208 73, 75, 78, 100, 103, 110, 122, 146, Nicolaus Peripateticus (1 century AD), 161 151, 174, 176, 187, 198, 238, 241, Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) , 285, 299, 341 251, 263, 309 Niewöhner, Friedrich , 12, 16, 78, 322, 323, Palestine , 242 326–328, 330 Pangle, Thomas L. , 286 Nifo, Agostino (c. 1473–1538/1545) Panofsky, Erwin (1892–1968) , 82, 85, 89, 97 Averroys de mixtione defensio , 74 Paparella, Francesco D. , 130 Commentary on Aristotle’s De generatione Parens, Joshua , 307 et corruptione , 105, 111 Paris , 1, 4, 10, 12, 26, 34, 37, 41, 75, 81, 82, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysica , 90, 94, 101, 109, 111, 117, 126, 105, 113, 157, 181, 199 130–132, 155, 159, 168, 187, 203, Commentary on Aristotle’s Meteorologica , 213, 230, 238–240, 249, 250, 257, 42, 74 273–277, 281–283, 323, 334–337, Commentary on Aristotle’s Physica , 344, 345 70, 114, 228 Parmenides ( fl . early fi fth century BC) , 290 Name Index 393

Pasini, Maffeo (1500–1599) , 72 Republic , 22, 68, 85, 167, 216, 247, Pasnau, Robert , 26 290, 305 Patrizi, Francesco (1529–1597) , 78 statesman , 86, 88 Discussiones peripateticae , 78 Timaeus , 45, 88, 112, 115, 116, 119 Pätzold, Detlev , 175 Pliny (23–79) , 45, 240 Paul of Venice (Paolo Nicoletti of Udine) (ca. Historia naturalis , 45 1369–1429) Plotinus (c. 204/5–270) In libros de anima explanatio , 12, 13 Enneads , 87, 95, 96, 111, 115–119, 164, Summa philosophie naturalis , 12, 22 199, 203, 204, 207, 209, 210 Paul, St. (c. 5–c. 67) , 96 Pococke, Edward (1604–1691) , 198 Epistle to the Romans , 231 Pölitz, Karl Heinrich Ludwig Pavese, Giovanni Giacomo (1519–1566) , 61, 64 (1772–1838) , 257 Pegis, Anton C. , 155 Poliziano, Angelo (1454–1494) , 249 Pereira, Benito (1535–1610) , 26 Pommier, Jean (1893–1913) , 273 De communibus principiis , 26 Pomponazzi, Pietro (1462–1525) Perfetti, Stefano , 99, 125 Apologia , 151, 245 Perinetti, Dario , 214 Commentary on Aristotle’s Meteors , 74 Perna, Pietro (1519–1582) , 78 Commentary on Aristotle’s Physics , Perrone Compagni, Vittoria , 151 69, 70, 228 Persia , 261 Defensorium adversus Augustinum Pertusi, Agostino (1918–1979) , 37 Niphum , 151 Pessin, Sarah , 112 De immortalitate animae , 145, 146, Petagine, Antonio , 16 150–152 Peter of Modena ( fl . 1340) , 11 Super libello de substantia orbis Petersen, Peter (1884–1952) , 258 expositio , 73 Petrarch, Francesco (1304–1374) , 18, 65, 67 Pontano, Giovanni Gioviano Peyre, Henri (1901–1988) , 273 (1426–1503) , 122 Philon, Louis ( fl . 1740s) , 89, 259 Popkin, Richard H. (1923–2005) , 181 Philoponus, John (c.490–c.570) , 57, 69, 152 Popper, Karl R. (1902–1994) , 299 Piaia, Gregorio , 7, 241, 247, 248, 250, 251 Poppi, Antonino , 73, 100, 103, 105, 117 Piccolomini, Francesco (1523–1607) , 12, 238 Pormann, Peter E. , 283, 325 Pickavé, Martin , 63, 79 (234–ca. 305) , 64, 70, 117, 164 Pico della Mirandola, Gianfrancesco Porzio, Simone (1496–1554) , 74, 75 (1469–1533) , 12, 23, 101, 102, 111, Prologus Averrois super primum 112, 182, 183, 213 phisicorum Aristotelis , 75 De rerum praenotione , 183, 185 Possevino, Antonio (1533–1611) , 247, 248 Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463–1494), Bibliotheca selecta , 247 120, 121 Pozzo, Riccardo , 241, 263 Conclusiones sive theses DCCCC , Prassicio, Luca (d. 1533) , 12, 79 Disputationes adversus astrologiam Princeton , 2, 82, 90, 97, 188, 216, 312 divinatricem , 121 Proclus (412–485) , 152, 164 Oratio de hominis dignitate , 121 In Platonis Timaeum commentaria , 164 Pigeaud, Jackie , 81 Protagoras (c. 490–420 BC) , 45, 296 Pinborg, Jan (1937–1982) , 103 Pseudo-Aristotle Pine, Martin L. , 151, 198 De mundo , 111, 112, 332 Pines, Shlomo (1908–1990) , 113, 216 Liber de causis , 122 Pingree, David (1933–2005) , 115 Problemata , 81, 82, 85 Pisa , 72, 76 Pseudo-Averroes , 137, 140, 142 Pisces, zodiac sign , 84 De animae beatitudine , 137, 140, 142 Plato Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite ( fl . late fi fth Laws , 45, 307 or early sixth century AD) , 88 Letters , 247 Psichari, Henriette (1884–1972) , Phaedrus , 86, 87, 96, 116 257, 273, 275 Protagoras , 45, 296 Ptolemy (90–168) , 58, 115, 117 394 Name Index

Puerta Vílchez, José Miguel , 334 Ricci, Paolo (1480–1541) , 40 Puig Montada, Josep , 67, 226, 228 Rice, Eugene F., Jr (1924–2008) , 69 Pullman, Philip , 320 Richard Royston (1600–1686) , 200 Northern lights , 320 Richter-Bernburg, Lutz , 44, 52 Pyrra , 47 Ricoeur, Paul (1913–2005) , 319 Pythagoras , 92, 93 Ricuperati, Giuseppe , 181 Robinet, André , 239 Rodriguez Molero, Francisco X. , 187 Q Roling, Bernd , 175 Q āsim, Mamūd , 218 Rorty, Richard (1931–2007) , 303, 316, 317, Quarengi, Pietro ( fl . 1492–1517), 116 341, 342 Quine, Willard van Orman (1908–2000) , 341 Rosemann, Philipp W. , 256, 257 Rosenthal, Erwin I. J. , 68, 216, 307 Rosier-Catach, Irène, 283, 363 R Rossi, Giovanni ( fl . 1556–1595) , 72 Rabe, Paul (1656–1713) , 263 Ross, J.J. , 76, 213, 220 Cursus philosophicus , 263 Roth, Leon (1896–1963) , 215, 234 Ramsay, Andrew Michael (1686–1743) , 265 Roth, Michael S. , 285 Randall, John Herman, Jr (1899–1980) , 63, Rotondò, Antonio (1929–2007) , 181 120 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–1778) , 296 Randi, Eugenio (1957–1990) , 20 Roy, Ian , 198 Rapin, René (1621–1687) , 8, 247, 248 Russiliano, Tiberio ( fl . 1513) , 40 Ré fl exions sur la philosophie ancienne et Ryan, W.F. , 112 moderne , 247 Rashed, Marwan, 283, 363 Ravaud, Marc-Antoine ( fl . 1649–1666) , S 22, 152 Sabra, Abdelhamid I. , 68 Rees, Graham (1944–2009), 240 Sáenz-Badillos, Angel , 226 Rees, Valery , 81, 97 Said, Edward W. (1935–2003) , 283 Remes, Pauline , 207 Orientalism , 283 Renan, Ernest (1823–1892) Saint-Sulpice, Church in Paris , 274–275 Averroès et l’averroïsme , 187, 256, 257, Salomón ( fl . 1270s) , 43 273–277, 279–281, 283, 334 Salutati, Coluccio (1331–1406) , 66, 67 De philosophia peripatetica apud De nobilitate legum et medicinae , 66 Syros , 276 Salviati, Bernardo (1508–1568) , 57, 61 Histoire de l'étude de la langue grecque Samuel ben Judah, of Marseilles dans l'Occident de l'Europe , 275 (b. 1294) , 216 Histoire des origines Sánchez Salor, Eustaquio , 188 du Christianisme , 274 Santinello, Giovanni (1922–2003) , 242, 247, Histoire du peuple d’Israël , 274 251, 259 Histoire générale et système comparé des Santritter, Johannes Lucilius langues sémitiques , 275, 283 ( fl . 1480–1498) , 226 Historiens critiques de la vie Saturn, planet and mythological fi gure , de Jésus , 277 6, 81–97, 140 History of Greek Studies among the Saumur , 248 Peoples of the East , 275 Savage, Denis , 319 L'Avenir de la science , 276, 278 Saxl, Fritz (1890–1948) , 81–82, 89 Vie de Jésus , 274, 277, 279 Scaliger, Giulio Cesare (1484–1558) Renan, Henriette (1811–1861) , 273, 275 Exotericarum exercitationum liber XV de Reusch, Johann Peter (1691–1758) , 262 subtilitate ad Hieronymum Rhea, mythological character , 88 Cardanum , 203 Ricchieri, Ludovico, also known as Celio Hippocratis liber de somniis , 177, 182 Rodigino (1469–1525) , 89 Scapparone, Elisabetta , 84 Lectionum antiquarum libri XVI , 89 Scarcia Amoretti, Biancamaria , 115 Name Index 395

Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Smith, John (1618–1652) , 197, 202–204 (1775–1854) , 269 Select discourses , 202 Schipperges, Heinrich (1918–2003) , 187 Smith, Justin , 214 Schleiner, Winfried , 82 Smith, Steven B. , 286, 298 Schmieja, Horst , 71 Smith, William , 234 Schmitt, Charles B. , 8, 65, 76, 90, 99, 112, Socrates (c. 469–399 BC) , 68, 142, 290, 292, 117, 122, 188, 198 296, 298, 299, 307, 309, 338 Schneewind Jerome B. , 295, 341 Soellner, Rolf , 82 Schneider, Herbert W. (1892–1984) , 265 Sorabji, Richard , 104, 117, 119 Schoeler, Gregor , 302 Sorge, Valeria , 90 Scho fi eld, Malcolm , 117 Spain , 11, 64, 131, 216, 302, 335 Schreiber, Johann ( fl . 1478) , 108 Speer, Andreas , 130, 131, 175, 228 Schrödinger, Erwin (1887–1961) , 257 (ca. 408–339/8 BC) , 142 Schroeder, William R. , 341 Spiazzi, Raimondo Maria (1918–2002) , 131 Scipio , 83 Spina, Bartolomeo (1475–1546) , 151 Scoto, Girolamo (c. 1505–1572), 105, 131, 132 Spinoza, Benedict de (1632–1677) Scoto, Ottaviano ( fl . 1499–1539) , 12, 13, 44, Cogitata metaphysica , 230, 231, 71, 73, 74, 100, 142 233–236 Selden, John (1584–1654) , 198, 199, 203 Epistolae , 75, 232, 233 De jure naturali ac gentium , 198, 203 Ethica , 112, 125, 130 Senko, Wladyslaw , 131 Principia philosophiae Cartesianae , 233 Sgarbi, Marco , 6, 7, 263 Tractatus theologico-politicus , 30, 214, S h āfi ʿī, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muammad ibn Idrīs 230–236 (767–820) , 286, 287, 312, 330 Spon, Charles (1609–1684) , 22, 152 Risāla , 312, 330 Spruit, Leen , 6, 23, 99, 107, 131, S h ā fi ‘iyya , 286, 318 133, 192 Shaheen, Yusuf , 334 Stauffacher, Melchior ( fl . 1660s) , 247 Al-Maīr , 334 Steel, Carlos , 126, 130–132, 178, 238 Shakespeare, William (1564–1616) Steinschneider, Moritz (1816–1907) , 101 Coriolanus , 312 Stern, Samuel M. (1920–1969) , 112 Macbeth , 295 Stoics , 134 The Tempest , 175 Stone, Harold , 258, 259 Timon of Athens , 82 Stone, M.W.F. , 79 Sharples, Robert W. (1949–2010) , 161 Storella, Francesco (1525–1575) Shields, Emily Ledyard , 181 Animadversionum in Averroem Shogimen, Takashi , 283 pars prima , 77 Siger of Brabant (ca. 1240–1280s) Observationum in Averroem liber De anima intellectiva , 12, 131 secundus , 77 De foelicitate , 134 Strauss, David Friedrich (1808–1874) , 277, 278 Quaestiones in tertium de anima , 155 Das Leben Jesu, kritisch bearbeitet , 278 Simmel, Georg (1858–1918) , 257 Strauss, Leo (1899–1973) Simon-Nahum, Perrine , 275 Persecution and the Art of Writing , 320 Simonutti, Luisa , 97, 181, 199 On Tyranny , 285, 288 (c. 490–c. 560) , 7, 69, What is Political Philosophy? , 285, 307 70, 72, 75, 159, 163–165, 247 Street, Tony , 38 In libros Aristotelis de anima Stroumsa, Sarah , 216, 333, 334 commentaria , 164 Struever, Nancy, 364 Sina Maria Grazia , 240 Sturlese, Loris , 12, 16, 78, 322, 323 Sina, Mario , 240 Sturlese, Rita , 176 Sionita, Gabriel (1577–1648) , 244 Suphan, Bernhard Ludwig (1845–1911) , 256 Arabia , 244 Swedenborg, Emanuel (1688–1772) , 264 Siraisi, Nancy G. , 187, 188 Swineshead, Richard ( fl . 1340–1354) , 74 Skinner, Quentin , 99, 117, 198, 295, 299, 301, Calculationes , 74 305–306, 316, 341 396 Name Index

T Torrini, Maurizio , 241 Tallarigo, Carlo Maria (1832–1889) , 176 Toussaint, Stéphane , 84 Tamer, Georges , 294 Tréguier, town , 274 Targarona Borrás, Judit , 226 Trincavelli, Vittore (ca. 1496–1568) , 74 Taurellus, Nikolaus (1547–1606) , 258 Quaestio de reactione iuxta Aristotelis Philosophiae triumphus , 258 sententiam et commentatoris , 74 Taurus, zodiac sign , 84 Trino Monferrato, town , 237 Taylor, Charles , 299, 342 Trombetta, Antonio (1436–1517) , 40 Taylor, Richard C. , 3, 6, 16, 18, 28, 68, 77, Trot, Barthélemy (1506–1535) , 112 106, 108, 129, 148, 175, 188, 214, Twersky, Isadore (1930–1997) , 326, 328, 337, 344 31, 64, 105, 331 Tedeschi, Anne C. , 314 Twetten, David , 103, 104 Tedeschi, John , 314 Telesio, Bernardino (1509–1588) , 14 Tempier, Étienne (d.1279) , 131, 323, 327 U Tennemann, Wilhelm Gottlieb (1761–1819) , Underwood, J.A. , 318 276 Unguru, Sabetai , 40 Geschichte der Philosophie , 276 Uranus, planet , 87, 88 Thaddeus of Parma ( fl . 1320) , 11 Urbanus of Bologna (d. c. 1403) , 71 Themistius (317–c. 390) , 6, 7, 12, 15, 18, 39, Urvoy, Dominique , 4 46, 68–70, 72, 73, 75, 77, 106, 127, Uz , 242 128, 132, 134–135, 138, 153, 154, 156, 159–165, 167, 169, 180, 203, 238, 247 V In libros Aristotelis de anima Valla, Lorenzo (c. 1406–1457) , 249 paraphrasis , 156 Van den Bergh, Simon , 46, 100, 102, 107 Theodore of Gaza (c. 1400–c. 1475) , 81 Van Ess, Josef , 347 Theodoric of Magdeburg ( fl . 1350) , 11 Vanini, Giulio Cesare (Lucilio) (1585–1619) , Theophrastus (c. 371–c. 287) 197, 198, 204, 205, 209, 211 The Characters , 159, 169, 250 Van Steenberghen, Fernand (1904–1993) , 5, Thijssen, Johannes M.M.H. , 70 10, 282, 324 Thillet, Pierre , 274, 277 Van Wingerden, Pieter T. , 40 Thomasius, Christian (1655–1728) , 259 Vasconsan, Michel de (c. 1500–1577) , 203 Thrasymachus , 309 Vázquez de Benito, María de la Tielroy, Johannes (1886–1953) , 273 Concepción , 187 Tignosi, Niccolò (1402–1474) , Veltri, Giuseppe , 217 12, 63, 79, 92 Veneto , 101 Timon, fi ctional character , 82 Venice , 6, 8, 12, 13, 22, 30, 38, 44, 55, 57, 59, Tirinnanzi, Nicoletta (1964–2012) , 176 64, 66, 70–74, 76, 92, 100–102, , mythological characters , 86 105, 116, 126, 131, 132, 142, 181, Tocco, Felice (1845–1911) , 176 187, 198, 226, 245, 247 Todd, Robert B., 360 Venus, planet and mythological character , Todisco, Orlando , 22 83, 84 Tolan, John , 243, 323 Vernia, Nicoletto (c. 1420–1499) , 6, 12, 63, Tolomio, Ilario , 246 75, 79, 92, 100, 101, 116, 121 Tomitano, Bernardino (c. 1517–1576) Vernier, Jean-Marie , 168 Quattro libri della lingua toscana , 59 Verona , 9, 58, 60, 248 Ragionamenti della lingua toscana , 59 Vienna , 240, 318 Tonelli, Giorgio (1928–1978) , 265 Villemandy, Pierre de (1736/37–1703) , Toomer, G.J. , 198 248, 249 Torre, Esteban , 187 Vimercato, Francesco (1512–1571) , 12, 63, 79 Torresani, Andrea (1451–1529) , 237 Virgil (70–19 BC) , 255 Name Index 397

Virgo, zodiac sign , 83 Wittkower, Margot (1902–1995) , 82 Vitali, Bernardino ( fl . 1495–1538) , 6 Wittkower, Rudolf (1901–1971) , 82 Vitali, Matteo ( fl . 1511–1529) , 6 Wolff, Christian (1679–1754) , 251, 259, 260, Vitelli, Girolamo (1849–1935) , 176 263, 296 Vives, Juan Luis (1493–1540) , 247, 249, Wolfgang, Abraham (1634–1694) , 247 250, 252 Wolf-Gazo, Ernest , 258 De causis corruptarum artium , 247, 252 Wolfowitz, Paul , 340 Vlac, Adrien (1600–1667) , 238 Wolfson, Harry Austryn (1887–1974) , 29, 31, , François-Marie Arouet, known as 64, 69, 105, 117, 331 (1694–1778) , 296 Wood, Allen W. , 256, 266, 267 Voss, Isaac (1618–1689) Worthington, John (1618–1671) , 202 Voss, Johann Gerhard (1577–1649) , 7, 245 Wyckoff, Dorothy , 115, 117 De philosophia et philosophorum Wylton, Thomas (d. 1322) , 131 sectis , 245 Vrolijk, Arnoud , 54 X Xenophon, (c. 430–354BC) , 296 W Wakely, Maria , 240 Wal fi sh, Barry D. , 326 Y Walker, D. P. (1914–1985) , 116 Yates, Frances A. (1899–1981) , 175 Wallace, William A. , 100, 106 Yoel, Issachar , 216 Wallachia , 240 Walton, Craig (1934–2007) , 265 Walzer, Richard (1900–1975) , 42, 307 Z Wardman, Harold W. , 273, 277 Zabarella, Jacopo (1533–1589) , 2, 14, Wegener, Lydia , 175 15, 17–19, 23, 26, 31, 59, 69, Weinrich, Harald , 82 78, 174, 177, 178, 180, 186, Weisheipl, James A. (1923–1984) , 103, 106, 203, 238, 263 108, 188 Liber de mente humana , 2, 14, 17–19, 23, Weller, Philip , 242 174, 177, 178, 180 Wenin, Christian , 133 Zambelli, Paola , 99, 100, 116, 117, 120, 122, Wetstein, Jacobus ( fl . 1727–1777) , 234 123, 175 Wetstein, Rudolf ( fl . 1701–1736) , 82 Zavattero, Irene , 132 Wetsten, Henry , 248 Z āyid, Sa‘īd , 43, 44 Wieland, Georg , 125 Zedler, Beatrice H. , 101, 102 Wiener, Philip P. (1905–1992) , 327 Zemon Davis, Natalie , 245 Wild, Stefan , 326 Zenaro, Zaccaria ( fl . 1542–1572) , 237 William of Luna (beginning of middle of Zetzner, Lazar (1551–1616) , 2, 78, 174, 186 thirteenth century) , 64 Zeus, mythological character, 8, 12, 59, 73, Williams, George H. , 31, 64, 105, 331 116, 248, 360 Willis, James , 83 Zimara, Marcantonio (1475–1535) Wilmans, Karl Arnold (1772–1848) , 268 De movente et moto , 73 De similitudine inter mysticismum Tabulae et dilucidationes in dicta purum et Kantianam religionis Aristotelis et Averrois , 198 doctrinam , 268 Zimmermann, Albert , 106 Wind, Edgard (1900–1971) , 82, 88, 96 Zöller, Günter , 256 Windelband, Wilhelm (1848–1915) , 257 Zoroaster, religious reformer , 115, 117 Wisnovsky, Robert , 68 Zuckert, Catherine , 298, 340, 345 Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889–1951) , 341 Zuckert, Michael , 298, 340, 345 Subject Index

A Astronomy , 40, 71, 238 Acedia . See Melancholy Atheism , 21, 81, 204–206, 209–211, 252, Acting (agere) , 147 259, 260 agere sequitur esse , 147 Augury , 104 Adeptio . See Copulatio Averroism Aestimativa (estimative power) , 190 double truth , 325, 329 Afterlife , 141, 144, 147, eternity of the world , 10 211, 302 implausible , 30 Agens sui . See Self-activity unicity of the intellect for all human Al-ḥaqq . See Truth beings , 10, 260 Allgemeine Litteraturzeitung , 266 views (inexcogitabilia) , 174 Almohads , 3, 216, 217, 332–335 Averroists Averroistae Angels , 32, 86, 93, 95, 96, 184, 203, 221–223, in Bologna , 4, 12 229, 234, 279 as criticised by Thomas Aquinas , Animadversion . See Self-knowledge 9, 17, 130, 322 Animals by Marsilio Ficino , 5 celestial , 19, 24, 27 in Padua , 2, 11, 40, 90, 176 earthly , 19, 24, 27 as ‘radical Aristotelians,’ 282 Appetite by Zabarella , 15, 177 as the cause of animal motion , 24 sensitive , 141, 142 Arab thought , 248 B Aristotelianism Being (esse) Alexandrian Aristotelianism , 304 esse intelligibile , 192 ‘pure Aristotelianism’ esse intentionale , 173, 177, 191, 192 (in Germany) , 262 esse reale , 173, 177, 191, 192 Ash‘ariyya (school of Islamic Bible theology named after Hebrew Bible , 231 al-Ashʿarī) , 286 New Testament , Astrology 184, 231 astral determinism , 117 Old Testament , 184 celestial signs , 118 (see also Hermeneutic) horoscope , 85, 96 Bāin (inner sense or esoteric meaning). zodiac signs , 83, 84 See Hermeneutic

A. Akasoy and G. Giglioni (eds.), Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic 399 Philosophy in Early Modern Europe, International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d’histoire des idées 211, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5240-5, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 400 Subject Index

Body , 2, 13, 17, 23, 26, 29, 32, 33, 49, 66, Corpus mysticum (as the noumenic world) , 84–86, 88–91, 97, 108, 109, 111, 264, 265 114, 122, 127, 134, 137, 141, 144, Creation 147–151, 155, 160–162, 174–177, aeterna , 228 179, 183, 185, 187–191, 200, 201, distinction between mu ḥdath (‘created’) , 206–209, 211, 221, 241, 258, 325–326 261–265, 282, 287, 297, 299, 315, ex nihilo , 113, 325 321, 324 qadῑm (‘eternal’) and wāsiṭ (‘intermediate’) celestial , 108, 109, 111 in Ibn Rushd , 326 Burhān (demonstrative proof) , 328 of the world , 152, 242

C D Calvinist Church , 232 Demon , 17, 116, 119, 178, 238 Cartesianism , 208–211 Dialectic , 28, 311, 344 Cartesians , 249, 262 Disease , 32, 67, 175 Catholic Church , 241 Double truth. See Truth Causality Dream ef fi cient , 110 as a medical symptom , 32, 104, 185 fi nal , 24 prophetic , 29, 30, 32, 182–185 Champs Elysées , 249 Change , 25, 26, 48, 49, 60, 61, 67, 108, 109, 111, 114–116, 119, 132, E 156, 160, 164, 179, 206, 221, Eclecticism , 249, 258–263 225, 237, 265, 275, 276, 287, Eden, garden of , 242, 291, 301 293, 294, 342 Elements, the four , 66, 190 physical and spiritual , 108, 109 Elizabethan drama , 82 Christianity , 65, 237, 278, 283, Empiricism , 20, 66 287, 326 Enlightenment , 6, 7, 11, 19, 181, 185, 217, Christian thought 241, 255–269, 286, 291, 297, 299, Arianism, 87 306, 324, 328, 336, 345 creation ex nihilo , 113 Esse . See Being incarnate Word , 95 Eternity of the world , 10, 74, 250, 260, individual immortality of the soul , 323–326 257, 258 Eucharist , 241, 246 Pauline , 96 Christology , 278 Church Fathers , 96 F Cogitativa (cogitative power) , 14, 15, 19, 23, Faculty 24, 117, 118, 173, 177, 179, 185, animal , 185, 186, 188–190 190, 192 of locomotion , 190 Colcodea (the ‘giver of forms’) , 105 natural , 179, 187–191, 256 Colonialism , 283 natural sub-faculties (attractive, Commentary , 3, 38, 58, 67, 81, 99, 126, retentive, digestive, excretive 148, 175, 198, 213, 237, 258, and discerning) , 188 280, 304, 339 vital , 173, 188–190 Conversio ad phantasmata . See Imagination Falāsifa (philosophers) , 301, 302, 308, 310, Copulatio (or adeptio, coniunctio, connexio, 328, 337 continuatio ) , 3, 20, 22–24, 27, 126, Falsafa (philosophy) , 302, 303, 307, 308, 321 127, 129, 130, 137–138, 140, Faqῑh (expert in Islamic jurisprudence). 142–144, 156, 174, 177, 178, 182, See Law 184, 192 Fatwā (ruling). See Law mediate or immediate , 136–137 Fides , 29, 62, 323 Corporeitas , 27 Flood , 42, 45, 47 Subject Index 401

Form Hell , 237 form of a demonstration , 64 Hermeneutic Platonic forms (ideas) , 46 allegorical interpretation , 28 substantial form , 3, 23, 26, 89, 109, authorship , 300, 301 148–151 bāṭin (allegorical sense) , 218 Freedom , 2, 117, 118, 120, 199, 230, 232, 235, ‘hermetic semiosis’ (in Eco) , 311 289, 295, 297, 299, 310, 324 imagination as a hermeneutical as libertas arbitrii , 117 principle , 29 jurisprudence , 217 literal interpretation , 344 G myth and thought , 277 Generation readership , 301 of gods , 54 scriptural exegesis, 217, 219, 230–231, as opposed to corruption , 26, 46, 103, 104, 235, 280, 323, 344 111, 112, 115 straussian hermeneutic , 320 as reproduction , 43, 181 ta’wῑl (exegesis) , 218 spontaneous generation , 37–54, 181 Ḥ ikma (philosophical sagacity) , 302 God Historia philosophica (history of philosophy) , as creator , 50, 108 7, 237–253 does not have intellection of particular Historicism , 6, 292–294, 299, 301 things , 182 History, philosophy of , 7–9, 18, 31, 45, as the fi rst cause , 103, 168, 218 64, 89, 100, 105, 111, 117, as the fi rst mover , 105, 108 241, 242, 245–252, 259, 266, his existence , 39, 53, 221, 223, 227, 276, 279, 283, 286, 295, 300, 235, 326 301, 316–317, 330, 331, 337, his unity , 223 338, 340–345, 347 his will , 231 Hobbism , 210, 211 human intellect’s assimilation to , 131, 141, Humanism , 5, 6, 63, 65–79, 97 144, 176 Humankind , 3, 4, 19, 24, 165, 168, 169, as object of knowledge , 34 174, 190, 192, 193, 257, 258, Gospel , 278 266–268, 279 Grammar , 78, 166, 221 Hylarchic principle. See Spirit of nature Gravity, Newton’s law of , 265 Greek commentators , 5, 7, 63, 68–70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 248 I Idolum , 84 Imagination H as an apprehensive power , Habit , 48, 50, 87, 93, 130, 134, 141–143, 154, 33, 186 184, 252 as an object of representation Ḥ adīth (tradition recording a deed or statement (see Intentio; Phantasma ) of the Muslim prophet as a cosmological power , Muhammad) , 244 19, 180–186, 193 Happiness , 3–5, 21–24, 27, 125–138, in dreams (ymaginatio que fi t in sompno) , 140–144, 184, 215, 227, 182, 192 256, 308 in the formation of religions , 29 Health , 32, 33, 66, 134, 218 imaginatio , 28 Heart , 1, 3, 12, 19, 50, 187, 189, imperative , 267 190, 265, 299, 304, 323, its anatomical location , 188 326, 338 its role in the abstraction process as the seat of the senses , 187 ( conversio ad phantasmata) , 143 Heat phantasia , 18, 23, 175, 185, 186 natural , 189 Incarnation , 1, 2, 6, 181, 224, vital ( nutrimentum cordiale) , 189 257, 278 402 Subject Index

Intellect J acquired (intellectus adeptus) , 34, 128, Jewish thought , 39, 77, 105, 213, 223 156, 170 Jewish Neoplatonism , 112 agent (intellectus agens) , 2, 16, 92, 109, 126–129, 132, 133, 136–140, 142–144, 156, 168–171, 197, 201, K 205, 256, 282 Kalām (dialectical theology) , 68 habitual ( intellectus in habitu) , 127–129, 143 of humankind , 24, 169 L material (intellectus materialis) , 2, 16, 18, Law 19, 23, 24, 106, 126–129, 135, 138, comparison with medicine , 66 142, 147, 156–159, 161, 168–171, divine Law , 217, 218, 229, 236, 310, 329 178–181, 186, 191–193, 197, 263, faqῑh (expert in Islamic 282, 324 jurisprudence) , 217 of the Moon , 136 fatwā (ruling) , 302 passive intellect (intellectus patiens) , Law of Moses , 220, 222–230, 236 15, 23, 93, 146, 153, 159, 160, with philosophy , 228 162, 163, 165, 166, 200, 263 religious legislation , 216 possible intellect (intellectus possibilis) , sharī‘a (revealed law) , 217, 302 10, 14, 22, 92, 94, 130, 132, 133, Lex (as revealed religion). See Religion 138, 143, 144, 155, 176, 180, Liberalism , 289, 291 282, 324 Libertines , 211 speculative intellect , 135–138, Life , 15, 18, 20, 22–24, 32, 33, 37, 38, 42, 47, 140–144 48, 57, 59, 82–86, 90, 91, 97, 115, unity of , 11, 14, 19, 90, 120, 147, 153–159, 125, 131, 137, 141, 142, 144, 147, 161–166, 250, 257, 323 148, 150, 153, 161, 162, 164, 165, as Verstand , 268 174, 176, 181, 187, 189–191, 193, Intellection , 99, 106, 107, 110, 126, 128, 129, 205–207, 211, 213, 214, 218, 220, 136, 138, 139, 146, 150, 163, 164, 230, 264, 265, 274, 276, 278, 279, 166, 169, 170, 182, 201 308, 329 whether abstractive or intuitive , 139 vital power , 189 Intelligence Limbo , 237 heavenly , 174, 180, 192 hierarchical arrangement of , 140, 143 as intelligenz , 264 M in nature , 205 Macrocosm/microcosm , 112, 119 Intelligibility , 19–21, 27, 30, 104, 107, Madhhab (school) , 287 110, 120, 127, 166, 168, Magic , 94, 100, 116, 119, 121 173, 187 Magnetic attraction , 113 Intelligibles , 2, 6, 14, 17–22, 27, 29, 30, 32, Maʿnā . See Intentio 33, 85, 88, 95, 106, 107, 110, 115, Mathematics , 6, 76, 141 117, 119, 122, 126, 129, 132, 133, relationship with nature , 76 136, 141, 143, 147, 149, 150, 156, Matter , 1, 40, 58, 66, 85, 100, 126, 146, 158, 159, 161, 166, 168–171, 173, 173, 201, 215, 246, 265, 274, 174, 176–179, 183–185, 190–192, 289, 325 201, 225, 252, 264–266, 316 Averroes’s eclectic approach Intentio in medicine , 190 as images , 138 comparison with law , 3, 66 imaginata and intellecta , 156 division into theorica and practica , 66 intentio intellecta in potentia , 161 effects of the melancholic humour , 85 primary and secondary , 107, 147 Melancholy , 81, 82, 85, 97 Ipseity. See Self-knowledge Memory , 91, 137, 141, 160, 162, 175, Islamic theology , 41, 47, 329 207–209, 211, 219, 333 Subject Index 403

Method , 4, 8, 9, 39, 58, 60, 61, 63, 72, 76, 87, O 88, 106, 218–222, 224–230, 232, Occasionalism , 52, 91, 94 242, 244, 274, 277, 279, 280, 288, Opinion (doxa) , 297 289, 295, 299, 308, 313–315, 337, Orientalism , 283, 303, 343, 345, 346 339–344 disputationes , 121 Miḥna (trial), 332–334, 338 P Mind , 1–3, 6, 13, 15–20, 24, 25, 30, 32–34, Paideia (education) , 86 49, 67, 68, 70, 73, 80–97, 108, 111, Paideusis (education) , 298 112, 120, 129, 143–146, 152, 158, Pantheism , 253 160, 162, 163, 170, 174, 175, 178, Phantasma 179, 183, 188, 192, 201, 203, 205, as intellection in potentiality , 192 206, 209, 211, 227, 238, 244, 246, as a ‘motive’ object , 177 247, 252, 257–259, 262, 264–268, Philology , 72, 77, 79, 93, 276, 277, 280, 289, 296, 302, 312, 313, 317, 279–281 320, 329, 338, 346 Philosophy Mixture , 42, 43, 74, 76, 84, 137, 143, analytical and continental , 340–342 160, 161 philosophia Cainitica , 242 Modernity , 241, 286, 299–301, 324 Physics , 20, 24–26, 33, 40, 45, 55, 58, 69, Monad , 262 71, 103, 104, 110, 113, 114, 119, Monopsychism , 25, 89, 95, 157, 197, 148, 154, 171, 239, 252, 289, 205–207, 209–211, 257, 258, 268 304, 325 Monopsychites , 261, 262 Plastic nature. See Nature Motion Platonic Academy, in Florence , 97 as actualisation of potentiality , 113 Platonism alternative , 176 in Cambridge , 97, 116, 197–211 intentional and physical , 114 Christian Platonism , 199, 204 local , 113 the fi rst intellect , 88 Mover the Good , 87, 88 movable , 114 hypostases , 95 unmovable , 24, 157, 193 (see also Primum ideas , 28, 87, 119 mobile; Primum movens ) , 95 Mujtahid (a quali fi ed interpreter Neoplatonism , 89, 95, 97, 112 of the law) , 287 the One , 87 Mushtarakat al-taṣdῑq Proclan theology , 87 (common assent) , 218 Positivism , 341 Mutakallimūn (kal ām theologians) , Primum mobile ( first movable) , 24 68, 216 Primum movens ( fi rst mover) , 108 Muwaḥḥidūn . See Almohads Prisca theologia , 88, 122 Myth , 47, 86, 88, 277–283, 290, 320 Prophecy different from natural precognition , 185 N from philosophical demonstration , Nature 222, 229 its teleological agency , 181 Prophetic , 29, 30, 32, 182–185, 202, light of , 202, 203 221, 227, 229, 234 236 , plastic nature , 199 244, 326 New Criticism, movement Providence , 67, 86, 113, 117, 200, 205, 221, in literary theory , 293 250, 260 New World , 290 Psychopannychism , 181 Nous nous pathetiko , 201 nous poeietikos , 167 Q nous thyrathen , 160 ( see also Intellect) Quran , 47, 50–52, 242, 244, 315, 326 404 Subject Index

R as the origin of human knowledge , 20, 131 Rabbinic literature , 223 sensation as a physical process , 108 Ratio their location in the ventricles as a discursive faculty (see Reason) of the brain , 189 formalis , 179 Sharīʿa (revealed law). See Law obiectiva , 179 Soul Reason created immediately by God , 148 light of , 192, 202 ethereal vehicle of the soul , 84 as universal (in Kant) , 267, 268 of the heaven , 107 as Vernunft , 268 immortality of , 145, 146, 152–154, 200, Religion 202, 204–210, 251, 257, 258, as ancilla philosophiae , 230 261–264, 308, 309, 322–324, 326 natural , 260 intellective soul , 12, 13, 91, 92, 95, 99, relationship with philosophy , 214, 216, 147–150, 197, 198, 207 217, 219, 220, 234, 291, 324–326, rational soul , 14, 84, 97, 136, 137, 141, 339, 344 148, 151, 155, 180, 183 as a replacement for philosophy , 230 as substantial form , 148–151 Renaissance , 1–3, 5, 6, 8, 10–13, 15, 16, 18, vegetative soul , 12, 190 20–23, 27–30, 32–34, 37, 39, 40, of the world , 86, 87, 202 59, 63, 65–79, 81–84, 88–90, 94, Species , 12–15, 17, 22–24, 42–46, 48, 54, 91, 97, 99–101, 111, 112, 116, 117, 93, 96, 107, 111, 115, 131, 133, 120–122, 125, 145, 151, 173–193, 136, 147, 149, 154–158, 165, 166, 198, 199, 213, 242, 246, 260, 261, 170, 177–180, 183, 184, 191, 192, 281, 322, 323, 331, 335 203, 257, 264, 266, 267, 282 Res cogitans , 208, 209 intelligible , 14, 107, 133, 136, 149, 166, Res extensa , 26 177, 183, 191 Resurrection , 47–49, 51, 53, 86, 88, 150 Spinozism , 210, 258, 260 Revelation , 69, 183–185, 203, 217, 225, 227, Spiriti magni , 237 242, 259, 287, 291, 299, 300, 309, Spirit of nature (hylarchic principle) , 206, 210 315, 319, 323, 326, 331 Spiritus Rhetoric , 21, 60, 64, 221, 304, 307, 337 as a demon , 116 Romanticism , 341, 345 as immaterial substance , 209 as a material medium , 114 Straussianism , 286, 287, 301, 338, 340, S 344, 347 Sadducism , 210 Subject , 2, 4, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17–19, 21, 29–31, Scholastic philosophy , 65, 251, 259, 275 47, 51, 53, 54, 58, 60, 63, 64, 66, theory of causality , 47 67, 74, 77, 79, 101, 103, 104, Scientia , 66, 241, 246 106–109, 116, 117, 121, 122, 129, Self-activity, 17, 165, 182–183 138, 145–147, 150, 151, 153, 156, Self-knowledge 159, 161, 163, 165–168, 170, as ‘animadversion,’ 208 , 209 173–178, 182, 188, 197, 205, 206, as ‘ ipseity ’ , 208, 209 210, 216, 220, 256, 257, 260, 268, as noesis noeseos , 173 273, 275–277, 281, 293, 295, 297, Senses 298, 315, 319, 332, 333, 341 as an intentional process , 107, 108, 110 transcendental , 257 common sense , 32, 91, 179, 186, 187, 189 Substance , 12, 25, 72, 87, 90, 92, 112, 119, external senses (touch, taste, smell, hearing 125–137, 139–144, 148, 149, 151, and sight) , 19, 108, 179 157, 160, 164, 166, 167, 169, 182, internal senses (imagination, estimation, 190, 200, 209, 262–264, 324 cogitation, retention and Su fi sm , 332 recollection) , 17, 19, 20, 32, 33, Sunna (exemplary behaviour of the Islamic 117, 139, 179, 186, 187, 190 prophet Muhammad) , 244 natural and animal sense , 112 Syllogism , 64, 106, 142, 189, 221 Subject Index 405

T U Taṣdῑq (assent) , 62 ʿ Ulamāʾ (religious scholars) , 333 Takhrīj (derivation) , 287 University , 310 of Amsterdam , 245 Taqlῑd (imitation) , 290, 332 Bologna , 70 Tawātur (broad authentication) , 290 Coimbra , 186 Tawḥīd (doctrine of [God’s] oneness) , 334 curriculum , 71 Ta’wῑl (exegesis; allegorical interpretation). disputationes , 122 See Hermeneutic Halle , 260 Theology , 3, 5, 11, 14, 15, 19, 20, 28, 29, 33, Königsberg , 263 34, 41, 47, 52, 68, 83–90, 92, Leiden , 44, 242 94–97, 112, 115, 116, 121, 204, Leipzig , 82 216, 220, 230, 232–235, 251, 287, Leuven , 42, 81 295, 304, 316, 323, 329, 330 Padua , 9, 146, 174, 238 Torah , 221–224, 227, 228 Pisa , 76 Transmigration (of the intellects) , Saumur , 248 84, 146 Truth double truth , 7, 10, 21, 116, 120, 123, V 151, 214, 219, 220, 223, 224, Vernunft. See Reason 226, 227, 251, 258, 277, 324–330, Verstand . See Intellect 334, 338 Virtus in Strauss , 301 motiva , 190 ‘truth does not contradict truth,‘ 214 , rationalis , 191 326, 328, 344 regitiva , 188