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Galindo's Entreprene Miguel-Angel Galindo ● Joaquín Guzman Domingo Rib ei ro Editors Entrepreneurship and Business A Regional Perspective Prof Dr. Miguel-Angel Galindo Prof Dr. Joaquí n Guzman University of Castilla-La Mancha University of Sevilla Facultad de DD.EE.EE. Departamento Economí a Aplicable I. Plaza de la Universidad, 1 Avda. Ramón y Cajal, 1 02071 Albacete 41018 Sevilla Spain Spain e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Prof Dr. Domingo Ribeiro University of València Facultat de Economia Dep. Dir. De Empresas AV. De los Narajos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain e-mail: [email protected] ISBN: 978-3-540-70899-5 e-ISBN: 978-3-540-70902-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008931703 © 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper 5 4 3 2 1 0 springer.com Contents List of Contributors…………………………………………………..… xi Introduction……………………………………………………………… 1 Miguel-Ángel Galindo Martín, Joaquín Guzman Cuevas and Domingo Ribeiro Soriano Part I Entrepreneurship in the Regional Context………..……. 11 A General View on Regional Economics…………….………….......... 13 Paola Savi 1 Introduction…………………………………….……....………… 13 2 The Birth and Early Development of Regional Economics…….... 14 2.1 The Location of Economic Activity.…………………............ 14 2.2 Regional Economic Development………...………………..... 16 3 An Overview on the Last Decades: Recent Research Trends……. 21 3.1 From Regional Development to Local Development: Local Production Systems……...…….………………………......…. 21 3.2 Knowledge Spillovers and the Theory of Clusters…...…….... 24 3.3 Krugman and the New Economic Geography……………….. 26 3.4 The Milieu Innovateur…....………………………………….. 27 4 Conclusions………………………………………………………. 28 References……………………………………….………………....... 29 Issues in Regional Economics: The Economic Thought of Some Italian Authors of the Past………………………………………......….33 Cristina Nardi Spiller and Stefano Zamberlan 1 Foreword…………………………………………………….......... 33 2 Antonio Genovesi’s Contribution: Recommendations for the Promotion of Local Development……………………....… 35 3 Fanno’s Analysis of Potential Comparative Advantage…….…..... 40 vi Contents 4 Regional Disequilibria and the Role of the State in Giuseppe Di Nardi’s Thought……………………...………………..…….... 43 5 Final Remarks…………………………………...…...……..…….47 Acknowledgements…………………………………………...……. 48 References……………….…………………………………..……… 48 Entrepreneurial Structure From a Regional Perspective……..........…51 Joaquin Guzmán and F. Javier Santos 1 Introduction…………………………...………………….…..…... 51 2 Analysis Levels of Entrepreneurship……………………........….. 53 3 Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Function and Entrepreneurial Structure………………………………………………….....….… 54 4 Qualitative Characteristics of an Entrepreneurial Structure…..…..55 4.1 Entrepreneurial Density……………………………..……….. 56 4.2 The Average Size of Firms………………………..…………. 56 4.3 Patrimonial Vulnerability…...……………………..……….…57 4.4 Dominant Productive Sectors………………………..….…….58 4.5 Functional Dependence……...……………………..………....60 4.6 Productive Dependence………………………………..……... 61 5 The Entrepreneur: Functions and Quality-Based Entrepreneurial Orientation…………………………………………………..…….62 5.1 Main Functions Fulfilled by Entrepreneurs…………….....…. 62 5.2 Quality-Based Entrepreneurial Orientation…...………..……. 64 6 Entrepreneurship and Regional Economic Models………..……...66 6.1 Endogenous Development Model and Entrepreneurial Structure……………………………………………..…...…... 66 6.2 A Regional Entrepreneurial Model……………..……………. 68 7 Conclusions……...………………………………..…………….... 70 References………………………………………………..………….. 71 Entrepreneurship and Growth: The Need to Combine Micro and Macro Perspectives…………………………………………......…..75 Villy Søgaard 1 Introduction………………………………...……………………...75 2 Entrepreneurship: A Two-Dimensional Concept…….………........76 3 Entrepreneurship in Context…………………………….………... 77 4 Research and Research Lacunae…………………………...……...79 5 The Innovative Dimension: A Necessary Déjà Vu………...……...83 6 Conclusions……………………………...……………………...... 89 References…………………………………………………..……….. 91 Contents vii Social Capital and Entrepreneurship in a Regional Context: The Case of Spanish Regions……………………………..…......……. 101 Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee, Miguel-Ángel Galindo and M. Teresa Méndez 1 Introduction…………………………………………...………… 101 2 Social Capital Definition……………………………..…………. 102 3 Entrepreneurship and Social Capital………………..……….….. 104 4 Empirical Analysis………………………………..……...……...106 5 Conclusion………………………………………..…...………… 108 References…………………………………………..……………… 109 The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: A Review of Recent Research Achievements..……......…...113 Dominiak Piotr and Marek Rekowski 1 Introduction……………………………………..……….……… 113 2 Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: Evidence from Empirical Studies……………………………………..………… 114 3 Alternative Approaches to Entrepreneurship’s Contents and Measure………………………………………..…………… 122 4 Intermediate Linkages and Entrepreneurial Tissue..……………. 125 References……………………………………………..…………… 134 Networking and Entrepreneurship in Place…………..………......… 137 Bengt Johannisson 1 Organizations Vanish, Places Remain……………..…………....137 2 The Organizing Context as an Arena for Embedded Networking Processes ………………………………………..………..…….. 140 3 Network Analysis as Puzzle-Solving…………..……………….. 145 4 Reconceptualising the Organizing Context as a Socioeconomic Construct………………………………………………..………. 147 5 Some Implications for Research, Practice and Policy…..……….154 References……………………………………………………..…… 158 The Quest for a New Development Policy…………………........…… 163 Antonio Vázquez-Barquero 1 Introduction……………………………………………...……....163 2 Social and Territorial Effects of Globalization…………….…....164 3 The New Development Policy………………………………..…168 3.1 Fostering Firm’s Development and Cluster………………....168 3.2 Diffusion of Innovation and Knowledge………………….... 170 viii Contents 3.3 Building up Infrastructures for Local Development………... 171 3.4 New Governance for Local Development…...……………... 172 4 Diversity of Interpretation…………………………………….....174 4.1 The Populist Approach……………………………………....174 4.2 The Human Development Approach…………...………...… 176 4.3 The Evolutionary Approach………………………………....177 5 Endogenous Development an Approach for Action……….....… 179 References………………………………………………………..… 181 Part II Entrepreneurial Perspective of the Business ................187 Clusters and Business Innovation…………………………….........… 187 Álvaro Cuervo-García, Ángeles Montoro-Sánchez and Ana María Romero-Martínez 1 Introduction……………………………………………………... 187 2 Delimiting Clusters: Definition and Characteristics……...…….. 189 2.1 A Brief Trip on Cluster Research………..………………..... 189 2.2 What is a Cluster?................................................................... 190 2.3 Cluster Key Factors……...………………………………...... 193 3 Clusters, Productivity and Business Innovation………………....196 3.1 Clusters and the Increase in Productivity……………..…......196 3.2 Clusters and the Increase in Innovation…….………………. 198 4 Final Discussion……………………………………………..…..201 Acknowledgement……………………………………….……..…... 205 References……………………………………………………..…… 205 Entrepreneurial Behaviour in Transition Environments……...........211 David Smallbone and Friederike Welter 1 Introduction……………………………………………………... 211 2 A Conceptual Framework to Analyse Entrepreneurial Behaviour...................................................................................... 212 3 Examples of Entrepreneurial Behaviour………………………... 214 3.1 Ignoring and Circumventing the Legal Framework: Applying Evasion Strategies……………………………..…. 214 3.2 Coping with a Deficient Institutional Framework: Financing a Business………………………………………………..….. 217 3.3 The Use of Personal Networks and Networking…………..... 220 4 Conclusions…………………………………………………..…. 225 References……………………………………………………..…… 227 Contents ix Successful Rural Hosted Accommodation in Western Australia: Gender Matters………………………...................................................229 Paull Weber and Jack Carlsen 1 Introduction……………………………………………………… 229 2 The Research Conducted………………………………………...230 3 Rural Farming Families………………………………………….231 4 Career Stage and Lifestyle……………………………………..... 233 5 Gender………………………………………………………. .…. 233 6 Success in Hosted Accommodation……………………………..235 7 Examining the Gender Differences in the Rural Businesses….....236 8 Conclusions and Recommendations………………………….… 240 References…………………………………………………………..243 Universidad Social Capital and the Competitiveness of Entrepreneurs: A Review of the Literature and Proposals............247 Mariel Fornoni, Francisco Mas-Verdú, Domingo Ribeiro Soriano and Salvador Roig Dobón 1 Introduction……………………………………………………... 247 2 What is Social Capital?................................................................
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