DOCSLIB.ORG

Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary) Constituted Under the Agreement of November 26, 1924 (12 April 1927 – 28 June 1929)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary) Constituted Under the Agreement of November 26, 1924 (12 April 1927 – 28 June 1929) REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary) constituted under the Agreement of November 26, 1924 (12 April 1927 – 28 June 1929) VOLUME VI pp. 191-292 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 PART II TRIPARTITE CLAIMS COMMISSION (UNITED STATES, AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY) CONSTITUTED UNDER THE AGREEMENT OF NOVEMBER 26, 1924 PARTIES: United States of America, Austria, Hungary. SPECIAL AGREEMENT: November 26, 1924. COMMISSIONER: Edwin B. Parker (United States of America). REPORT: Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary), Final Report of Commissioner and Decisions and Opinions (October 15, 1929). (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1933.) 195 HISTORICAL NOTE When the Peace Treaties of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Trianon, concluded between the Allied Powers and Austria on September 10, 1919, and between the same Powers and Hungary on June 4, 1920, had not been ratified by the United States, special treaties between the United States and Austria and Hungary were signed at Vienna and Budapest on August 24 and August 29, 1921, respectively, in which several provisions of the Treaties of Saint-Germain and Trianon were incorporated by reference. The Treaties of Vienna and Budapest secured to the United States and its nationals rights specified under a joint resolution of the Congress of the United States of July 2, 1921. They became effective on November 8 and December 17, 1921. On November 26, 1924, a tripartite agreement was signed at Washington between the United States and Austria and Hungary. Article I of the Agreement which c ame into effect on December 12, 1925, provided for the selection of a Commissioner to pass upon most of the claims for losses, damages or injuries suffered by the United States or its nationals embraced within the terms of the Treaties of Vienna and Budapest and to determine the amounts to be paid to the United States by Austria and Hungary in satisfaction of all such claims. In pursuance of this provision, the Tripartite Claims Commission was establish- ed, consisting of Mr. Edwin B. Parker as sole Commissioner. The Tripartite Claims Commission entered upon its duties on January 25, 1926. In the course of its 32 formal meetings, all held in Washington, D.C., it disposed of the claims presented. It concluded its judicial activities on May 11, 1929, in so far as Austria was concerned, and on September 27, 1929, with regard to Hungary. The United States not having adopted the clearing system contemplated in the Treaties of Saint-Germain and Trianon, many claims presented before the Commission were settled out of court by the interested parties and subse- quently withdrawn. This, and the fact that few reparation claims were filed, explains the small amount of decisions rendered by the Commission and the small total of its awards, i.e., 5370,032.14 against Austria and $172,619.70 against Hungary, including interest. 14 197 BIBLIOGRAPHY Agreement of November 26, 1924: L.N.T.S., vol. 48, p. 70; U.S. Treaty Ser., No. 730; State Papers, vol. 120, p. 57; de Martens, N.R.G., 3rd series, Vol. 15, p. 230. Friedensrecht. Ein Nachrichtenblatt iiber die Durchfuhrung des Friedensver- trages enthaltend die Verlautbarungen des ôsterreichischen Abrechnungs- amtes, vols. 1-9 (Wien, 1921-1930). Ernst Prossinagg, Bericht des Sektjonsrates Dr. —, osterreichischer Staats- vertreter bei der Tripartite Claims Commission United States, Austria and Hungary errichtet durch das Ùbereinkommen zwischen Osterreich, den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und Ungarn vom 26. November 1924 (Wien, 1929, Druck der Osterreichischen Staatsdruckerei). Robert W. Bonynge, Report of—, Agent of the United States before the Tri- partite Claims Commission (United States, Austria, and Hungary), estab- lished under the Agreement which became effective December 12, 1925, between the United States, Austria and Hungary (United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1930). Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary), Final Report of Commissioner and Decisions and Opinions (October 15, 1925) (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933). 199 Agreement AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNTS TO BE PAID BY AUSTRIA AND BY HUNGARY IN SATISFACTION OF THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE TREATIES CONCLUDED BY THE UNITED STATES WITH AUSTRIA ON AUGUST 24, 1921, AND WITH HUNGARY ON AUGUST 29, 1921 Signed November 26, 1924, ratifications exchanged December 12, 1925l The United States of America and the Republic of Austria, hereafter describ- ed as Austria, and the Kingdom of Hungary, hereafter described as Hungary, being desirous of determining the amounts to be paid by Austria and by Hungary in satisfaction of their obligations under the treaties concluded by the United States with Austria on August 24, 1921, and with Hungary on August 29, 1921, which secure to the United States and its nationals rights specified under a joint resolution of the Congress of the United States of July 2, 1921, including rights under the Treaties of St. Germain-en-Laye and Trianon, respectively, have resolved to submit the questions for decision to a commis- sioner and have appointed as their plenipotentiaries to sign an agreement for that purpose: The President of the United States of America, Charles Evans Hughes, Secretary of State of the United States of America, The President of the Federal Republic of Austria, Mr. Edgar L. G. Prochnik, Chargé d'affaires of Austria in Washington, and The Governor of Hungary, Count Lâszlô Széchényi, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Hungary to the United States, Who, having communicated their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed as follows : ARTICLE I The three Governments shall agree upon the selection of a Commissioner who shall pass upon all claims for losses, damages or injuries suffered by the United States or its nationals embraced within the terms of the Treaty of August 24, 1921, between the United States and Austria and/or the Treaty of August 29, 1921, between the United States and Hungary, and/or the Treaties of St. Germain-en-Laye and/or Trianon, and shall determine the amounts to be paid to the United States by Austria and by Hungary in satisfac- tion of all such claims (excluding those falling within paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 of annex I to section I of part VIII of both the Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye and the Treaty of Trianon) and including the following categories : (1) Claims of American citizens arising since July 31, 1914, in respect of damage to or seizure of their property, rights and interests, including any company or association in which they are interested, within the territories of Source: L.N.T.S., vol. 48, p. 70. 200 UNITED STATES, AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY either the former Austrian Empire or the former Kingdom of Hungary as they respectively existed on August 1, 1914; (2) Other claims for loss or damage to which the United States or its nationals have been subjected with respect to injuries to or death of persons, or with respect to property, rights and interests, including any company or association in which American, nationals are interested, since July 31, 1914, as a conse- quence of the war ; (3) Debts owing to American citizens by the Austrian and/or the Hungarian Governments or by their nationals. ARTICLE II Should the Commissioner for any cause be unable to discharge his functions, a successor shall be chosen in the same manner that he was selected. The Commissioner shall hold a session at Washington within two mounths after the coming into force of the present agreement. He may fix the time and the place of subsequent sessions according to convenience. All claims shall be present- ed to the Commissioner within one year from the date on which he holds the first session required by the foregoing provision. ARTICLE III The Commissioner shall cause to be kept an accurate record of the questions and cases submitted and correct minutes of proceedings. To this end each of the Governments may appoint a secretary, and these secretaries shall act together as joint secretaries and shall be subject to the direction of the Com- missioner. ARTICLE IV The three Governments may designate agents and counsel who may present oral or written arguments to the Commissioner under such conditions as he may prescribe. The Commissioner shall receive and consider all written statements or documents which may be presented to him, in accordance with rules which he may prescribe, by or on behalf of the respective Governments in support of or in answer to any claim. The Governments of Austria and Hungary shall be notified of all claims filed with the Commissioner and shall be given such period of time as the Commissioner shall by rule determine in which to answer any claim filed. The decisions of the Commissioner shall be accepted as final and binding upon the three Governments. ARTICLE Y Each Government shall pay its own expenses, including the compensation of the secretary appointed by it and that of its agent and counsel. All other expenses which by their nature are a charge on the three Governments, includ- ing the compensation of the Commissioner and such employees as he may appoint to assist him in the performance of his duties, shall be borne one-half by the Government of the United States and one-half by the Governments of Austria and Hungary in equal moieties. ARTICLE VI This agreement shall be ratified in accordance with the constitutional forms of the contracting parties and shall come into force on the date of the exchange of ratifications. AGREEMENT 201 IN FAITH WHEREOF, the above-named plenipotentiaries have signed the present agreement and have hereunto affixed their seals.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World War I Concept Learning Outline Objectives
    AP European History: Period 4.1 Teacher’s Edition World War I Concept Learning Outline Objectives I. Long-term causes of World War I 4.1.I.A INT-9 A. Rival alliances: Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente SP-6/17/18 1. 1871: The balance of power of Europe was upset by the decisive Prussian victory in the Franco-Prussian War and the creation of the German Empire. a. Bismarck thereafter feared French revenge and negotiated treaties to isolate France. b. Bismarck also feared Russia, especially after the Congress of Berlin in 1878 when Russia blamed Germany for not gaining territory in the Balkans. 2. In 1879, the Dual Alliance emerged: Germany and Austria a. Bismarck sought to thwart Russian expansion. b. The Dual Alliance was based on German support for Austria in its struggle with Russia over expansion in the Balkans. c. This became a major feature of European diplomacy until the end of World War I. 3. Triple Alliance, 1881: Italy joined Germany and Austria Italy sought support for its imperialistic ambitions in the Mediterranean and Africa. 4. Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty, 1887 a. It promised the neutrality of both Germany and Russia if either country went to war with another country. b. Kaiser Wilhelm II refused to renew the reinsurance treaty after removing Bismarck in 1890. This can be seen as a huge diplomatic blunder; Russia wanted to renew it but now had no assurances it was safe from a German invasion. France courted Russia; the two became allies. Germany, now out of necessity, developed closer ties to Austria.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungary (Magyarország)
    CLASSROOM COUNTRY PROFILES Hungary (Magyarország) The name “Hungary” is adapted from Hungaria, the Medieval Latin term derived by writers from the name of the people (H) ungari or ungri. Hungarians call their country Magyarország, derived from Magyars which likely refers to the most promi- nent Hungarian tribe known as the “Megyer “. King Stephen I (997-1038), defeated various tribes, implementing Christiani- ty, and ultimately founding the Hungarian state. After WWII, Hungary fell into the Soviet sphere. In 1956, Hungarians tried to put an end to Soviet control. Although their attempt was QUICK FACTS unsuccessful, the communist government made some con- Population: 10 million cessions and eventually collapsed in 1989. Area: slightly smaller than Indiana RELIGION Capital: Budapest (1.74 million) The majority (60%) of the population identifies with the Roman Catholic Languages: Hungarian (official) 90%, German 2.5 Church, 20% with the Reformed Church, and 3% belongs to the Evan- %, Serbian 2 %, Romani (Gypsy) 4 %, Slovak 0.8 gelical-Lutheran Church. Much of the country’s Jewish population was %, Romanian 0.7%. driven off or killed during the WWII Holocaust. A small Jewish communi- ty lives in Budapest and is religiously active. Many Hungarians are not religiously affiliated. EDUCATION Hungary has a free and compulsory 10-grade edu- ETHNICITY cation system for ages 6-16. Most continue to 18, Magyar or Hungarian implies a nationality, ethnicity or language alt- graduating high school with a diploma. After gym- hough not all citizens are ethnic Hungarians. While Hungarians make up 8.4 million of the population, there is a sizeable Roma minority.
    [Show full text]
  • Austria's Pre-War Brown V. Board of Education Maria L
    Fordham Urban Law Journal Volume 32 | Number 1 Article 4 2004 Austria's Pre-War Brown v. Board of Education Maria L. Marcus Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons Recommended Citation Maria L. Marcus, Austria's Pre-War Brown v. Board of Education, 32 Fordham Urb. L.J. 1 (2004). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj/vol32/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Urban Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHRISTENSENMARCUS 2/3/2011 9:57 PM AUSTRIA’S PRE-WAR BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION Maria L. Marcus∗ INTRODUCTION On May 19, 1930, a Viennese newspaper published an article under the title, “His Magnificence The Rector: Scandal at the University of Vienna.”1 The author analyzed and attacked the government-sponsored University’s new regulations dividing the students into four “nations”—German, non- German (e.g., Jewish), mixed, or “other.” These regulations had been presented by the Rector as vehicles for voluntary association of students with common ethnic roots. The article noted, however, that under the new system, individuals were precluded from deciding themselves to which nation they belonged. A student would be designated as non-German even if he was a German-speaking Austrian citizen descended from generations of citizens, unless he could prove that his parents and his grandparents had been baptized.2 ∗ Joseph M.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamental Law of Hungary (As in Force on 29 June 2018) This Document Has Been Produced for Informational Purposes Only
    The Fundamental Law of Hungary (as in force on 29 June 2018) This document has been produced for informational purposes only. THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF HUNGARY English translation of the consolidated version of the Fundamental Law of Hungary incorporating: - the First Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Second Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Third Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Fourth Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Fifth Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Sixth Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Seventh Amendment to the Fundamental Law, as in force on 29 June 2018 Ministry of Justice 2017 (contact: [email protected]) 1 The Fundamental Law of Hungary (as in force on 29 June 2018) This document has been produced for informational purposes only. The Fundamental Law of Hungary (25 April 2011) God bless the Hungarians NATIONAL AVOWAL WE, THE MEMBERS OF THE HUNGARIAN NATION, at the beginning of the new millennium, with a sense of responsibility for every Hungarian, hereby proclaim the following: We are proud that our king Saint Stephen built the Hungarian State on solid ground and made our country a part of Christian Europe one thousand years ago. We are proud of our forebears who fought for the survival, freedom and independence of our country. We are proud of the outstanding intellectual achievements of the Hungarian people. We are proud that our nation has over the centuries defended Europe in a series of struggles and enriched Europe’s common values with its talent and diligence. We recognise the role of Christianity in preserving nationhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungary Since 1989
    C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP/578174/WORKINGFOLDER/RME/9780521888103C10.3D 204 [204–232] 10.10.2009 6:02PM 10 Hungary since 1989 ANDRÁS BOZÓKI AND ESZTER SIMON Located in East-Central Europe, Hungary has often found itself at a crossroads of political influences of greater powers as well as of different cultures. Although Hungary enjoyed independence for centuries in its early history, the experience of foreign domination over the last five centuries is one of the defining features of Hungarian public consciousness. Most notably, Hungary was under the control of the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth century, the Habsburgs in the eighteenth, nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, and the Soviet Union from 1945 until the regime change in 1989. Therefore, Hungarians had to master the techniques of survival under foreign domination.1 They learned how to operate informally, under and within formal, rigid rules, which represented the interests of the dominant foreign power. Nonetheless, during its twentieth-century history, Hungary made some genuine albeit short-lived attempts to achieve democracy. First, there was the brief liberal-democratic government of Count Mihály Károlyi in late 1918. A second attempt was made during the semi-democratic coalition government between 1945 and 1947. Finally, Hungary operated as a democracy for twelve remarkable days during the anti-totalitarian revolution of October 1956. The Hungarian revolution was internally successful but was crushed by the inter- vention of the Soviet Red Army. These shining moments of recent Hungarian history cannot hide the fact that throughout the twentieth century Hungary enjoyed democracy for one decade only, the 1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
    The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—House H1648
    H1648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð HOUSE April 3, 2000 In 1996, Haider called ``The government's the need for compensation for victims of the As a survivor of the horrors of the Nazi re- so-called integration policy a disaster. They allies, Haider explained, ``But we do not in- gime, he knows better than anyone on the are ready to open the doors to another 153,000 tend to be petty. Even though you will not International Relations Committee or in this foreigners who will take school places, train- join us to widen the scope of the fund we will Congress the dangers of complacency. Con- ing places and flats (apartments),'' Haider not vote against the bill. We too want to said. He continued, ``When Turkish children draw a line under a chapter we are also re- gressman LANTOS knows that remaining silent demand protection money from our children sponsible for.'' when hate-mongers come to power is not an at the playground, it's time to say, this is In May 1995, the Freedom Party was the option. And I thank him again for his leader- our state,'' Haider declared. only major Austrian political party absent ship and his dedication. Haider has continued to wage a xenophobic from ceremonies at Mauthausen death camp Mr. Speaker, everyone in this Congress has campaign to expel foreign workers. In March marking the 50th anniversary of the libera- heard the comments made by Jorg Haider and 1997, Haider stated that he wants one third of tion of the camp. Just before the anniver- leaders of the Freedom Party.
    [Show full text]
  • When Was the Treaty of Trianon
    When Was The Treaty Of Trianon Stacy azotizes grandly. Christofer remains procrastinative: she wabblings her arteriotomy lotted too intertwistingly? Transpirable and fatuous Sloane mutches some ascomycetes so stiltedly! Cancun international control of both cases where the treaty of Well informed by germany rose in every reference to view prevailed, when was the treaty of trianon stock as a delegate, try to be. Slovak language and unfair competition in the treaty of was to come back from the. Beware: Those arguing the Dems are nuts a miscalculation have got it all wrong. World war i inaugurated by representatives or of themselves living in world war of trianon was also had no vote to hungary feels violated is now the. Hungary undertakes to assist the organisation of the of the use of the file is closely along ethnic map of the. The remains of Hungary were angry with their treatment in the fluid of Trianon. Hungarian was a trianon treaty of this treaties concluded between enemies from slovakia or when things would accept its foreign policy. Treaty was the present orally and in the greatest rapidity of was the treaty is forbidden in hungary and otherwise determine. Hungarian monarchy regarding disputed territories, be provided in slovakia or staffs include sales made some ethnic minorities living abroad has been dealt with esztergom in. Slovak National Party leader Jan Slota applauds with his sympathizers after a Trianon memorial column is inaugurated by Slota in. It is an hierarchy which remarkably influenced the living of chancellor Middle European area. Nothing inherently reprehensible about central powers, who get the said the six worked for the consent of serbia, analogous with bolsheviks took responsibility in the treaty of trianon was not be? The treaty was not exist as so.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
    The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Erika Weinzierl Emeritus Professor of History University of Vienna Working Paper 01-1 October 2003 ©2003 by the Center for Austrian Studies (CAS). Permission to reproduce must generally be obtained from CAS. Copying is permitted in accordance with the fair use guidelines of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976. CAS permits the following additional educational uses without permission or payment of fees: academic libraries may place copies of CAS Working Papers on reserve (in multiple photocopied or electronically retrievable form) for students enrolled in specific courses; teachers may reproduce or have reproduced multiple copies (in photocopied or electronic form) for students in their courses. Those wishing to reproduce CAS Working Papers for any other purpose (general distribution, advertising or promotion, creating new collective works, resale, etc.) must obtain permission from the Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota, 314 Social Sciences Building, 267 19th Avenue S., Minneapolis MN 55455. Tel: 612-624-9811; fax: 612-626-9004; e-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction: The Rise of the Viennese Jewish Middle Class The rapid burgeoning and advancement of the Jewish middle class in Vienna commenced with the achievement of fully equal civil and legal rights in the Fundamental Laws of December 1867 and the inter-confessional Settlement (Ausgleich) of 1868. It was the victory of liberalism and the constitutional state, a victory which had immediate and phenomenal demographic and social consequences. In 1857, Vienna had a total population of 287,824, of which 6,217 (2.16 per cent) were Jews.
    [Show full text]
  • Austria FULL Constitution
    AUSTRIA THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF 1920 as amended in 1929 as to Law No. 153/2004, December 30, 2004 Table of Contents CHAPTER I General Provisions European Union CHAPTER II Legislation of the Federation CHAPTER III Federal Execution CHAPTER IV Legislation and Execution by the Länder CHAPTER V Control of Accounts and Financial Management CHAPTER VI Constitutional and Administrative Guarantees CHAPTER VII The Office of the People’s Attorney ( Volksanwaltschaft ) CHAPTER VIII Final Provisions CHAPTER I General Provisions European Union A. General Provisions Article 1 Austria is a democratic republic. Its law emanates from the people. Article 2 (1) Austria is a Federal State. (2) The Federal State is constituted from independent Länder : Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tirol, Vorarlberg and Vienna. Article 3 (1) The Federal territory comprises the territories ( Gebiete ) of the Federal Länder . (2) A change of the Federal territory, which is at the same time a change of a Land territory (Landesgebiet ), just as the change of a Land boundary inside the Federal territory, can—apart from peace treaties—take place only from harmonizing constitutional laws of the Federation (Bund ) and the Land , whose territory experiences change. Article 4 (1) The Federal territory forms a unitary currency, economic and customs area. (2) Internal customs borders ( Zwischenzollinien ) or other traffic restrictions may not be established within the Federation. Article 5 (1) The Federal Capital and the seat of the supreme bodies of the Federation is Vienna. (2) For the duration of extraordinary circumstances the Federal President, on the petition of the Federal Government, may move the seat of the supreme bodies of the Federation to another location in the Federal territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-17-2021 Fuer Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War Sean Krummerich University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Scholar Commons Citation Krummerich, Sean, "Fuer Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War" (2021). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8808 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Für Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Boroević, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War by Sean Krummerich A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History College of Arts & Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Kees Boterbloem, Ph.D. Darcie Fontaine, Ph.D. J. Scott Perry, Ph.D. Golfo Alexopoulos, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 30, 2021 Keywords: Serb, Croat, nationality, identity, Austria-Hungary Copyright © 2021, Sean Krummerich DEDICATION For continually inspiring me to press onward, I dedicate this work to my boys, John Michael and Riley. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the support of a score of individuals over more years than I would care to admit. First and foremost, my thanks go to Kees Boterbloem, Darcie Fontaine, Golfo Alexopoulos, and Scott Perry, whose invaluable feedback was crucial in shaping this work into what it is today.
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining Irredentism: the Case of Hungary and Its Transborder Minorities in Romania and Slovakia
    Explaining irredentism: the case of Hungary and its transborder minorities in Romania and Slovakia by Julianna Christa Elisabeth Fuzesi A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Government London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2006 1 UMI Number: U615886 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615886 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is entirely my own. Signature Date ....... 2 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Abstract of Thesis Author (full names) ..Julianna Christa Elisabeth Fiizesi...................................................................... Title of thesis ..Explaining irredentism: the case of Hungary and its transborder minorities in Romania and Slovakia............................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................... Degree..PhD in Government............... This thesis seeks to explain irredentism by identifying the set of variables that determine its occurrence. To do so it provides the necessary definition and comparative analytical framework, both lacking so far, and thus establishes irredentism as a field of study in its own right. The thesis develops a multi-variate explanatory model that is generalisable yet succinct.
    [Show full text]