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Fundamental Law of Hungary (As in Force on 29 June 2018) This Document Has Been Produced for Informational Purposes Only
The Fundamental Law of Hungary (as in force on 29 June 2018) This document has been produced for informational purposes only. THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF HUNGARY English translation of the consolidated version of the Fundamental Law of Hungary incorporating: - the First Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Second Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Third Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Fourth Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Fifth Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Sixth Amendment to the Fundamental Law, - the Seventh Amendment to the Fundamental Law, as in force on 29 June 2018 Ministry of Justice 2017 (contact: [email protected]) 1 The Fundamental Law of Hungary (as in force on 29 June 2018) This document has been produced for informational purposes only. The Fundamental Law of Hungary (25 April 2011) God bless the Hungarians NATIONAL AVOWAL WE, THE MEMBERS OF THE HUNGARIAN NATION, at the beginning of the new millennium, with a sense of responsibility for every Hungarian, hereby proclaim the following: We are proud that our king Saint Stephen built the Hungarian State on solid ground and made our country a part of Christian Europe one thousand years ago. We are proud of our forebears who fought for the survival, freedom and independence of our country. We are proud of the outstanding intellectual achievements of the Hungarian people. We are proud that our nation has over the centuries defended Europe in a series of struggles and enriched Europe’s common values with its talent and diligence. We recognise the role of Christianity in preserving nationhood. -
Budapest Report on Chris Ian Persecution 2018
“ e Budapest Report, presenting the situation of persecuted Christian communities in the world is published in 2018 for the second time. e Hungarian Government initiated the publication of a summary report in 2017 with the aim of familiarizing the Hungarian general and scienti c community with the traditions, life and prospects of speci c Christian communities in a credible manner every year. e report was also published in English last year making it accessible for the international community as well. […] e publication does not simply provide comprehensive information on persecuted Christians, but it also aims at promoting solidarity and assistance to persecuted communities.” Budapest Report on Cardinal Péter Erdő the Primate of Hungary, Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest Chris ian Persecution “ e foundations of our program are common sense and social 2018 solidarity […] In the near future, our intent is to make more people realize: the transformation of the faulty Western aspect and the stability of the crisis regions may bring about change in the protection of the persecuted Christians and all communities living in the a ected countries. Our cause, in which we can also count on the help of the Visegrád countries, is a noble one. […] I wish that reports on persecuted Christians would become redundant as soon as possible, in which respect we have a lot to do together. I trust that this book will make benevolent people act, so that the peace we have promised may come true.” Zsolt Semjén 2018 ON CHRISTIAN PERSECUTION REPORT BUDAPEST Deputy -
PROGRAMME CALENDAR a BRIEF HISTORY Beginning the 135Th Opera Season of OPERA in HUNGARY 2018
PROGRAMME CALENDAR A BRIEF HISTORY Beginning the 135th opera season OF OPERA IN HUNGARY 2018 Two years ago, we celebrated the 200th anniversary of the publication of the play that was later to be “THE PLEASURES OF CIVILISED used as the libretto of the first surviving Hungarian musical drama. And even though some form of op- era performance had already existed in Hungary in the courts of the aristocrats and primates – for an PEOPLE ARE ALWAYS COMPLEX” example, one need look no further than Haydn, who worked at Eszterháza (today’s Fertőd) – the first institution at the national level was the one which opened as the Hungarian Theatre of Pest in 1837 and was renamed the National Theatre in 1840. The opera company led by Ferenc Erkel and the dance en- semble led by Frigyes Campilli were given their own building and independence only at a relatively late stage, in 1884. But then they moved into the new building designed and built by Miklós Ybl on the “radial” avenue, and in doing so became the greatest of all of Hungary’s cultural institutions. We can really put our faith in Géza Csáth, since, as an early “So what do they do? They curse and insult those who, with follower of Freud, he studied the subconscious and believed their youthful tendons, climbed the walls and out into open that the mysterious world within us gives us pleasure. space. They see Puccini’s weaknesses, but are incapable of Opera and ballet, too, are complex experiences, as are all the noticing his youthfullness, his strength. -
Hungary's False Sense of Security
Hungary’s False Sense of Security June 2018 HUNGARY’S FALSE SENSE OF SECURITY 1 Introduction partner, and at Hungary’s use of its NATO membership to push an agenda that in some Leaders of Hungarian civil society are appealing respects serves Russian interests. As recent to the U.S. government to counter Prime Minister polling demonstrates, the Hungarian Viktor Orbán’s accelerated assault on peaceful government’s concerted efforts to turn its dissent, anti-corruption activism, and the rule of population away from the values enshrined in the law. Orbán’s newly-won supermajority in Washington Treaty are working. As one expert parliament enables his Fidesz party to push recently relayed, if Fidesz voters had to choose through changes to the Hungarian constitution, between Moscow or Washington, a majority would while Orbán has promised fresh attacks on the pick Moscow.”2 values that underpin both the European Union and NATO alliance. This report outlines the concerns of a range of Hungarian human rights defenders, foreign In the weeks since his re-election victory in April diplomats, civil society activists, journalists, and 2018, Orbán has made a series of alarming academics consulted during a research trip in May moves and threats against human rights 2018. It recommends a strong U.S. response to advocates and judicial independence, including the government of Hungary’s backsliding, and new legislation targeting those who help migrants, suggests opportunities for the U.S. government to and attacks on Hungary’s judiciary. These actions demonstrate to the Hungarian government the occurred in the wake of an election that monitors necessity of respecting human rights and from the Organization for Security and democratic institutions. -
Hungary: Democracy Under Threat
Hungary: Democracy under Threat Six Years of Attacks against the Rule of Law November 2016 / N° 684a November Cover photo: Thousands of people gathered outside parliament building in Kossuth Lajos Square call for Prime Minister Viktor Orban’s resignation with slogans of «for a European Hungary» in Budapest, Hungary on February 1, 2015. © Mehmet Yilmaz / ANADOLU AGENCY taBLE OF CONTENts 1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 METHODOLOGY 8 2. CHALLENGES TO THE RULE OF LAW : UNDERMINING DEMOCRATIC CHECKS AND BALANCES 10 2.1 ESTABLISHED POWERS 10 2.1.1 Constitutional matters: Reshaping the constitutional framework 10 2.1.2 Reforming the judiciary 15 2.1.3 Electoral laws and other restrictions to the legislative power 21 2.2 NON-ESTABLISHED POWERS 24 2.2.1 Taking control of the media 24 2.2.2 Restricting freedom of information 37 2.2.3 A shrinking space for civil society 44 2.2.4 Churches and religious groups 43 3. CHALLENGES TO THE RULE OF LAW: VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHTS OF MIGRANTS, ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES 51 4.THE HUNGARIAN SITUATION IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON THE RULE OF LAW 59 5. CONCLUSIONS 70 6. RECOMMENdatiONS 72 ANNEXES 79 ANNEX I. HISTORIC CHRONOLOGY 79 ANNEX II. CHRONOLOGY OF LAWS 80 ANNEX III. EUROPEAN UNION’S INSTITUTIONS’ MAIN REACTIONS TO DEVELOPMENTS IN HUNGARY SINCE 2010 81 1. Introduction Since Prime Minister Viktor Orban took power in 2010 following the country’s general elections that saw its party, conservative Fidesz (the Hungarian Civic Party) and their small coalition partner the Christian Democratic People’s Party (KDNP) win the two-thirds (67,88% or 262 seats) in Parliament, Hungary has undergone a progressive shift away from the principles on which a democratic state is built. -
40041819.Pdf
SomeDilemmas in the Development of Social Work Education in Hungary Istvan Budai A thesissubmitted in partial fulfilment of the requirementsof BournemouthUniversity for the degreeof Doctor of Philosophy January2004 B ournemouthUniversity This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. Abstract Some dilemmas in the development of social work education in Hungary. The research investigates and presents the development and dilemmas confronting social services, social work education schools, social workers, educators, students and employers in Hungary since the 1980s and, in particular, the impact of educational approaches. The aims are to explore the development of social work education, to contribute to the research of the social work education, to the ongoing professionalisation of the social work, vocation and services. in Hungary and to promote the development of the scientific basis of social work, its services and its education. The purpose of this research is to promote the place and role of the social work education in Hungary and to examine the position of Hungarian social work education in European dimension. The research gives an understanding and interpretation of the dilemmas in the framework of social work education, furthermore an outline of the social-societal context of Hungarian social work education. The researcher investigated this theme as a leader and teacher of social work education in Hungary by literature, references and symptoms of social work and social work education practice. -
D:\Munkák\Munkak\Szociologia\2005-03 Szam\Angol\Tordelt\Tibor Huszár.Vp
Review of Sociology Vol. 11 (2005) 2, 5–73 STUDIES FROM ELITES TO NOMENKLATURA The Evolution and Some Characteristics of Institutionalised Cadre Policy in Hungary (1945–1989) Tibor HUSZÁR ELTE TTK Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/a. H-1117 Abstract: Based on empirical research the paper summarizes the social and institutional characteristics of the birth and reproduction of the Hungarian nomenklatura system. The research included the reconstruction of the decision making system, and the documents of recruitment. Moreover interviews were conducted with several top officials of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party. The paper argues that although there was a chance to form new elite after World War II., it did not happen because of the infiltration of the Communist Party into the repressive organizations. The take-over of power led to the formation of a nomenklatura. The paper overviews the impact of the nomenklatura-system on the working of central institutions, the academic world and civil organizations. It investigates the documents dealing with the composition of the nomenklaktura and the privileges of its members. Keywords: elite, nomenklatura, cadre policy, recruitment, career patterns, privileges THE “GENESIS” OF THE HYPOTHESIS Elite(s) in the Hungarian Society in the Inter-war Period. The Returns of an Earlier Study of Elites In 1993 a plan was drawn up to deal with the sociological characteristics of those active in the top leadership positions of the Kádár era, in continuation of the earlier study of elites, that had dealt prominently with the features of the Hungarian elites during the inter-war period. As a first step the period between 1957 and 1963 was studied. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 232 4th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2018) The Painting Technical Characteristics and Sources of Hungarian Painter MihÁLy MunkÁCsy in the 19th Century Xiaojie Zhang National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts Beijing, China Abstract—Munkácsy was hailed as the greatest painter in Hungarian history for his critical realism painting style. As early as the 1950s, his works have been in China, so many Chinese are familiar with and love his works. The author studied the painting technical characteristics and sources of the Hungarian painter Mihály Munkácsy. Keywords—Munkácsy; realism; technique I. INTRODUCTION The Hungarian National Gallery in Budapest has the world’s richest collection of Munkácsy’s works, and Munkácsy1 was hailed as the greatest painter in Hungarian history for his critical realism painting style. His works are considered to be the highest status of the national level of painting, and he is one of the few painters who reached the peak of painting techniques in Austro- Hungarian region in Fig. 1. Munkácsy’s early work. the 19th century. Many of his works are taken from the labor’s life from bottom of the society and received the Munkácsy was born in Monkach in the Austro- attention of critics. His art was real and plain, full of moral Hungarian Empire period. Later his parents died so he lived power, he could be regarded as the most prominent and with his uncle’s life. He once lived as a carpenter, and his determined realist painter in Europe. poor life experience when he was young made him has a profound experience for the lives of the poor people, which II. -
Mental Healthcare in Hungary: Contradictions and Possibilities
36 To ensure the detection of early or mild disorders, training Kua, E. H. & Ko, S. M. (1995) Prevalence of dementia among elderly of medical students should include work at primary care Chinese and Malay residents of Singapore. International Psychogeriat- clinics. In the forthcoming new editions of ICD and DSM, the rics, 7, 439–446. Kua, E. H. & Tan, S. L. (1997) Stress of caregivers of dementia patients criteria for diagnoses must include mild disorders. Early diag- in the Singapore Chinese family. International Journal of Geriatric nosis and a comprehensive management plan will improve Psychiatry, 12, 466–469. the quality of life of elderly people with mental illness. Kua, E. H., Ko, S. M. & Ng, T. P. (2003) Recent trends in elderly suicide rates in a multi-ethnic Asian city. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 533–536. References Ma, S., Kua, E. H. & Ng, T. P. (2009) Determinants of mental health service use in the national mental health survey of the elderly in Singa- Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. & McHugh, P. R. (1975) ‘Mini-Mental State’. pore. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 50, 2. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the Ng, T. P., Tan, C. H. & Kua, E. H. (2004) The use of Chinese herbal clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. medicines and their correlates in Chinese older adults: the Singapore Kua, E. H. (1992) A community study of mental disorders in elderly Chinese longitudinal study. Age and Ageing, 33, 135–142. Singaporean Chinese using the GMS–AGECAT package. -
Hungary and the Hungarians
S.J. MAGYARÓDY Hungary and the Hungarians MATTHIAS CORVINUS PUBLISHERS Editor: Szabolcs J. Magyarody Principal translators: Péter Csermely, István Hegedűs Dr. Csaba Horváth, Judit Jókay Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-882785-23-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2012947893 All expenses were contributed by North-American Hungarians No governments or government supported organizations contributed a single penny to the publication of this book and CD 2 CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................ 5 WHO ARE WE? ........................................................................................... 7 C. A. Macartney D. Litt. HUNGARY – A SHORT HISTORY * .................... 9 Fritz-Konrad Krüger HUNGARY AND WORLD WAR I. .......................... 18 László Gulyás A SHORT HISTORY OF THE TREATY OF TRIANON ..... 26 Yves De Daruvar THE TRAGIC FATE OF HUNGARY ............................ 33 John Flournoy Montgomery OPINION OF AN AMERICAN DIPLOMAT 38 J. F. Montgomery HUNGARIAN DECLARATION OF WAR ..................... 42 S.J. Magyaródy THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYNDROME .................... 47 RECOVERY OF LOST TERRITORIES ...................................................... 50 Dr. Edward Chászár THE FIRST VIENNA AWARD ................................. 52 RETAKING SUBCARPATHIA ................................................................... 54 THE SECOND VIENNA AWARD .............................................................. 56 TERRITORY CEDED BY ROUMANIA -
Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary) Constituted Under the Agreement of November 26, 1924 (12 April 1927 – 28 June 1929)
REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary) constituted under the Agreement of November 26, 1924 (12 April 1927 – 28 June 1929) VOLUME VI pp. 191-292 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 PART II TRIPARTITE CLAIMS COMMISSION (UNITED STATES, AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY) CONSTITUTED UNDER THE AGREEMENT OF NOVEMBER 26, 1924 PARTIES: United States of America, Austria, Hungary. SPECIAL AGREEMENT: November 26, 1924. COMMISSIONER: Edwin B. Parker (United States of America). REPORT: Tripartite Claims Commission (United States, Austria and Hungary), Final Report of Commissioner and Decisions and Opinions (October 15, 1929). (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1933.) 195 HISTORICAL NOTE When the Peace Treaties of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Trianon, concluded between the Allied Powers and Austria on September 10, 1919, and between the same Powers and Hungary on June 4, 1920, had not been ratified by the United States, special treaties between the United States and Austria and Hungary were signed at Vienna and Budapest on August 24 and August 29, 1921, respectively, in which several provisions of the Treaties of Saint-Germain and Trianon were incorporated by reference. The Treaties of Vienna and Budapest secured to the United States and its nationals rights specified under a joint resolution of the Congress of the United States of July 2, 1921. They became effective on November 8 and December 17, 1921. On November 26, 1924, a tripartite agreement was signed at Washington between the United States and Austria and Hungary. Article I of the Agreement which c ame into effect on December 12, 1925, provided for the selection of a Commissioner to pass upon most of the claims for losses, damages or injuries suffered by the United States or its nationals embraced within the terms of the Treaties of Vienna and Budapest and to determine the amounts to be paid to the United States by Austria and Hungary in satisfaction of all such claims. -
Dissertation
DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation „Andrei Şaguna and ‘The Organic Statute’“ Verfasserin Mag. Maria Stan angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktorin der Rechtswissenschaften (Dr. jur.) Wien, 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 083 101 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Rechtswissenschaften Betreuer: Univ. Prof. DDr. Ludger Müller [Betreuung zurückgelegt] TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE………………………………………………………………………………5 0. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………..7 0.1 Overview of the research on the topic………………………………………………7 0.2 The period under research………………………………………………………….12 0.3 The sources………………………………………………………………………...12 0.4 Content and method ……………………………………………………………….14 I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND………………………………………………….17 I.1 A historical outline of Transylvania until the end of the seventeenth century..17 I.1.1 From the Dacian State up to the Reform…………………………………………17 I.1.2 The Reform and its consequences in Transylvania………………………………24 I.2 Transylvania - a province of the Habsburg Empire……………………………28 I.2.1 Centralism and standardization versus historical privileged……………………..29 I.2.2 The church Union and its socio-political and religious consequences..………….34 I.2.3 The Orthodox Church after 1700; Canonical-jurisdictional matters……………..40 I.2.4 The ecclesiastical and social-political frame in the first half of the nineteenth century...............................................................49 II. THE FIRST YEARS OF ANDREI ŞAGUNA’S LIFE AND HIS ACTIVITY AS A VICAR-ADMINISTRATOR OF THE EPARCHY OF SIBIU …...………..57 II.1 Family roots……………………………………………………………………....57