Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1982 Schizophrenia and Creative Archetypes as Shown in Works by Thomas Bernhard. Karen Appaline Moseley Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Moseley, Karen Appaline, "Schizophrenia and Creative Archetypes as Shown in Works by Thomas Bernhard." (1982). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3732. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3732 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. 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In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University Microfilms international 300 N. ZEEB RD„ ANN ARBOR. Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 8216860 Moseley, Karen Appaline SCHIZOPHRENIA AND CREATIVE ARCHETYPES AS SHOWN IN WORKS BY THOMAS BERNHARD The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical ColPh.D. 1982 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Copyright 1982 by Moseley, Karen Appaline All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. SCHIZOPHRENIA AND CREATIVE ARCHETYPES AS SHOWN IN WORKS BY THOMAS BERNHARD A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Classical, Germanic, and Slavic Languages by Karen Appaline Moseley B.A., University of North Carolina at Asheville, 1971 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1977 May 1982 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to thank the members of my committee (Drs. James Hintze, Adrian del Caro, Pierre Hart, Harry L. Kirby, and Joseph V. Ricapito) for their interest and support. I am particularly indebted to Dr. James Hintze for his keen insights, valuable suggestions, and constant support. I also want to thank Charlene Potier, a clinical sociologist in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, for introducing me to the theories of R. D. Laing and Carl Gustav Jung. I also appreciate the editorial assistance of Dr. Kim L. Johns and the philological assistance of Dr. Elizabeth L. Thompson. Finally, I want to thank Dr. Thomas Di Napoli for introducing me to the work of Thomas Bernhard. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABBREVIATIONS ................................................. ix INTRODUCTION ................................................... 1 METHODOLOGY .... 5 Chapter 1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND TERMINOLOGY ............... 8 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ............................. 11 Analogies between Bernhard and Storm and Stress • • • 12 Other Analogies between Goethe and Bernhard ........ 13 Analogies between Buchner and Bernhard ............ 17 Analogies between Bernhard and Naturalism .......... 22 There are analogies between Hauptmann and Bernhard ................................. 23 Analogies between Bernhard and Expressionism .... 24 There are some analogies between Bernhard and Kafka..................................... 25 THE DEVIANT......................................... 26 L iminality............................. .......... 27 Social Control ........................... 29 Validation of Good and E v i l ....................... 30 Social Disruption ................................. 31 Summary ..... •• 32 THE SCHIZOPHRENIC................................... 32 Collusion................... 32 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Page The Characteristics of Schizophrenia ........ 34 Ontological Insecurity...................... • 35 En gulfment ......... 35 Implosion.................................... 36 Petrification..................... 36 Disembodiment ................................... 36 P e r s o n a e .................................... 37 <» The Citadel.................................. 37 SUMMARY.......................................... 38 2. PROTOTYPES FOR THE DEVIANT, SCHIZOPHRENIC, AND CREATIVE PERSONALITY IN DIE URSACHE AND EREIGNISSE . 43 INTRODUCTION ....................................... 43 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS: EREIGNISSE AND DIE URSACHE . 45 THE DEVIANT: SCAPEGOAT AND ARTIST .................... 47 Liminality ............................... 47 Society needs the deviant (scapegoat) ............ 49 Casting out the deviant (scapegoat) links man to his collective unconscious........... 50 Social Control ................................... 51 The deviant is expelled because of a stigma .... 52 Absolute social control endangers the human s p i r i t ............. 52 Appearance and Reality ............................ 54 Because it confuses appearance and reality, society acquires a distorted perception of the creative personality................ 54 C r e a tivity .................................... 56 SCHIZOPHRENIA ....................................... 57 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Page Fundamental Ontological Insecurity: Fear of Engulfment by Family and S o c i e t y ......... 58 Schizophrenia Is a Defense Mechanism Which Protects Man from His Own Violent N a t u r e ......... 60 Implosion..................................... 61 Petrification ..................................... 64 Personae and projection conceal man's own violent nature from himself ................ 65 The S y z y g y ....................................... 66 SUMMARY............................................. 68 3. DEVIANTS AND ASPECTS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA PROLIFERATE IN BERNHARD'S W O R K ................... 71 INTRODUCTION ....................................... 71 COLLUSION..................... ...................... 73 Social and Familial Relationships: Examples from Das Verbrechen eines Innsbrucker Kaufmannssohns and Per Zimmerer .................. 74 The Consequences of Role Deviance or of Personae: Examples from Per Zimmerer and Das Verbrechen eines Innsbrucker Kaufmannssohns......... 75 Humor and a Positive Point of View in a Collusive Reality: Examples from Jauregg, Die Mutze, 1st es eine Komodie? 1st es eine Tragodie?, Per Zimmerer, Ungenach, Amras, Viktor Halbnarr: Ein Winterm'archen, Midland in Stilfs, and Das Verbrechen eines Innsbrucker Kaufmannssohns .... .............. 77 SCHIZOPHRENIA ....................................... 80 Ontological Insecurity: Examples from Midland in Stilfs, Watten, Ungenach, Jauregg, Das Verbrechen eines Innsbrucker Kaufmannssohns, and Per Z i m m e r e r ......................... 81 Natural Guilt: Examples from Das Verbrechen eines Innsbrucker Kaufmannssohns, An der Baumgrenze, Jauregg, Watten, and Der Zimmerer ................ 84 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vi Page The Artist and the Madmans Examples from