84Th FLYING TRAINING SQUADRON
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The Luftwaffe Wasn't Alone
PIONEER JETS OF WORLD WAR II THE LUFTWAFFE WASN’T ALONE BY BARRETT TILLMAN he history of technology is replete with Heinkel, which absorbed some Junkers engineers. Each fac tory a concept called “multiple independent opted for axial compressors. Ohain and Whittle, however, discovery.” Examples are the incandes- independently pursued centrifugal designs, and both encoun- cent lightbulb by the American inventor tered problems, even though both were ultimately successful. Thomas Edison and the British inventor Ohain's design powered the Heinkel He 178, the world's first Joseph Swan in 1879, and the computer by jet airplane, flown in August 1939. Whittle, less successful in Briton Alan Turing and Polish-American finding industrial support, did not fly his own engine until Emil Post in 1936. May 1941, when it powered Britain's first jet airplane: the TDuring the 1930s, on opposite sides of the English Chan- Gloster E.28/39. Even so, he could not manufacture his sub- nel, two gifted aviation designers worked toward the same sequent designs, which the Air Ministry handed off to Rover, goal. Royal Air Force (RAF) Pilot Officer Frank Whittle, a a car company, and subsequently to another auto and piston 23-year-old prodigy, envisioned a gas-turbine engine that aero-engine manufacturer: Rolls-Royce. might surpass the most powerful piston designs, and patented Ohain’s work detoured in 1942 with a dead-end diagonal his idea in 1930. centrifugal compressor. As Dr. Hallion notes, however, “Whit- Slightly later, after flying gliders and tle’s designs greatly influenced American savoring their smooth, vibration-free “Axial-flow engines turbojet development—a General Electric– flight, German physicist Hans von Ohain— were more difficult built derivative of a Whittle design powered who had earned a doctorate in 1935— to perfect but America's first jet airplane, the Bell XP-59A became intrigued with a propeller-less gas- produced more Airacomet, in October 1942. -
86'- ' Its Departure for Overseas Duty in Great Britain
CHAa IV *I 'THE STORY OP VIII FIGHT CM " began The formation of a long-range fighter organization VIII Interceptor early in 1942 with the activation of the Fighter Comnand, at Coand, which later was renamed the VIII 1, 1942. The Comanding Selfridge Field, Michigan on February who had been in oamand Officer was Colonel Laurence P. Hiokey, VIII Interceptor of the Sixth Pursuit Wing, from which the to Charleston, South Command was developed. The Command moved to be close to the Carolina on the 11th of February in. order located at Savannah, headquarters of the 8th Air Force, then The 8th Air Georgia, where it was preparing for embarkation. be prepared to carry Force was organised in such a way aa to invasion of North Afrioa out the "Torch Plan' for the eventual General Frank O'D. which oame in November, 1942. Brigadier shortly before Hunter assumed oommand of the organisation Officer Richard The author is indebted to Chief Warrant (*1 - at VIII Fighter A. Bates of the A-2 Section (Intelligence) history of the Comnand. Comand for the facts about the early whn it _as activated in Febru- Mr. Bates was its lst Stergeant of the became Teohnical Sergeant ana Chief Olerk ary, 1942, hiatorian until July IntelligenCe Section and was its official data was not otherwise available. The Sta- 1943. Much of this later, has Control Office which was establiahed muoh tistical but these facts proided-invaluable data on later operations, from his own records, from his friends "'oaptured for posterity" are based on his and from a most retentive memory. -
26Th AIR DIVISION
26th AIR DIVISION MISSION LINEAGE 26th Air Defense Division established, 21 Oct 1948 Activated, 16 Nov 1948 Redesignated 26th Air Division (Defense), 20 Jun 1949 Inactivated, 1 Feb 1952 Organized, 1 Feb 1952 Redesignated 26th Air Division (SAGE), 8 Aug 1958 Redesignated 26th Air Division, 1 Apr 1966 Inactivated, 30 Sep 1969 Activated, 19 Nov 1969 Inactivated, 30 Sep 1990 STATIONS Mitchel AFB, NY, 16 Nov 1948 Mitchel AFB Sub Base #3, Roslyn, NY, 18 Apr 1949-1 Feb 1952 Mitchel AFB Sub Base #3, Roslyn (later, Roslyn AFS), NY, 1 Feb 1952 Syracuse AFS, NY, 15 Aug 1958 Hancock Field, NY, 14 Feb 1959 Stewart AFB, NY, 15 Jun 1964 Adair AFS, OR, 1 Apr 1966-30 Sep 1969 Luke AFB, AZ, 19 Nov 1969 March AFB, CA, 31 Aug 1983-1 Jul 1987 ASSIGNMENTS First Air Force, 16 Nov 1948 Air Defense Command, 1 Apr 1949 First Air Force, 16 Nov 1949 Eastern Air Defense Force, 1 Sep 1950-1 Feb 1952 Eastern Air Defense Force, 1 Feb 1952 Air Defense Command, 1 Aug 1959 Fourth Air Force, 1 Apr 1966-30 Sep 1969 Tenth Air Force, 19 Nov 1969 Aerospace Defense Command, 1 Dec 1969 Tactical Air Command, 1 Oct 1979 First Air Force, 6 Dec 1985-30 Sep 1990 ATTACHMENTS Eastern Air Defense Force, 17 Nov 1949-31 Aug 1950 COMMANDERS Unkn (manned at paper unit strength), 16 Nov 1948-31 Mar 1949 Col Ernest H. Beverly, 1 Apr 1949 BG Russell J. Minty, Nov 1949 Col Hanlon H. Van Auken, 1953 BG James W. McCauley, 1 Apr 1953 BG Thayer S. -
United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................ -
There Is a Map of Sawston Is HERE to Assist with Locations Mentioned.)
(A Streetfull of Sad Sacks has been published on this site, without the authority of the author or publisher, after extensive enquiry to discover their identity and permission. Searches have been made in the USA, to seek this authority, via the Air Force Historical Research Agency http://www.afhra.af.mil/ and the Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center without any trace. ) (There is a map of Sawston is HERE to assist with locations mentioned.) (Examine this location in Google Street View.) DURING THE SUMMER OF 1943 UNITS OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY AND ITS EIGHTH AIR FORCE MOVED INTO SAWSTON, WHEN THEY LEFT IN OCTOBER 1945, LIFE IN THE VILLAGE WAS NEVER QUITE THE SAME AGAIN Page 1 of 75 www.family.nigellane.com The Sad Sack An embodiment of the Army's lowest-rated born loser, George Baker's cartoon character made his name in World War Two as the hapless draftee who lost out in every conceivable military situation. Sergeant Baker's comic strip in the service magazine Yank, published on Sundays price 3d, depicted the Sack's confrontations with the perils and perplexities of wartime service life. In all his dealings - with fellow soldiers, top brass, foreign nationals, prostitutes and the rest of the world in general - the little private always came off second best. But he remained the Army's hero, a trusting soul whose own little world of dreamy optimism was constantly devastated by unforeseen disaster. His name derived from the drill sergeant’s parade-square name for all new doughboys. To that redoubtable NCO all recruits were "sad -
ADC and Antibomber Defense, 1946-1972
Obtained and posted by AltGov2: www.altgov2.org ADC HISTORICAL STUDY NO. 39 THE AEROSPACE DEFENSE COMMAND AND ANTIBOMBER DEFENSE 194& -1972 ADCHO 73-8-17 FOREWORD" The resources made available to the Aerospace Defense Command (and the predecessor Air Defense Command) for defense against the manned bomber have ebbed and flowed with changes in national military policy. It is often difficult to outline the shape of national policy, however, in a dynamic society like that of the United States. Who makes national policy? Nobody, really. The armed forces make recommenda tions, but these are rarely accepted, in total, by the political administration that makes the final pbrposals to Congress. The changes introduced at the top executive level are variously motivated. The world political climate must be considered, as must various political realities within the country. Cost is always a factor and a determination must be made as to the allocation of funds for defense as opposed to allocations to other government concerns. The personalities, prejudices and predilections of the men who occupy high political office invariably affect proposals to Congress. The disposition of these proposals, of course, is in the hands of Congress. While the executive branch of the government is pushect' and pulled in various directions, Congress is probably subject to heavier pressures. Here, again, the nature of the men who occupy responsible positions within the Congress often affect the decisions of Congress. ·National policy, then, is the product of many minds and is shaped by many diverse interests. The present work is a recapitulation and summarization of three earlier monographs on this subject covering the periods 1946-1950 (ADC Historical Study No. -
765 Radar Squadron (Sage)
765 RADAR SQUADRON (SAGE) MISSION LINEAGE 765 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron 765 Radar Squadron (SAGE) STATIONS Charleston, ME ASSIGNMENTS COMMANDERS Maj William E. Swartz, #1955 1950 - 1951 - In 1950, Major Anthony J. Vannella 1952 - Major Anthony J. Vanella 1957 - Major Perry 1958 - Major Carl Burak 1961 - Major George C. Marvin 1964 - Major Donald H. Masteller 1966 - Lt Col Allan R. McClane 1967 Major Elton Kate 1968 - Lt Col. Deane S. Parmelee 1970 - Lt. Col. William Evans 1972 - Lt Col. Leland C. Thomas 1975 - Lt Col Jack W. Stover 1976 - Lt Col. Myers 1979 - Major Stymeist HONORS Service Streamers Campaign Streamers Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamers Decorations EMBLEM EMBLEM SIGNIFICANCE MOTTO NICKNAME OPERATIONS MAINE P-65/Z-65 - Charleston The 765th AC&W Squadron brought Charleston AFS to life in April 1952 and assumed coverage that had been provided by a Lashup site at Dow AFB (L-l). The site initially had AN/FPS-3 and 5 radars. In 1957 an AN/FPS-6 replaced the AN/FPS-5 height-finder radar. Another height-finder radar came in 1958 along with an AN/FPS-20 search radar that replaced the AN/FPS-3. During 1959 Charleston joined the SAGE system. In 1963 the site became the first in the nation to receive an AN/FPS-27. This radar subsequently was upgraded to become an ANFPS-27A. The 765th was deactivated in September 1979. The 765th AC&W Squadron brought Charleston AFS to life in April 1952 and assumed coverage that had been provided by a Lashup site at Dow AFB (L-l). -
16004491.Pdf
-'DEFENSE ATOMIC SUPPORT AGENCY Sandia Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico ,L/PE - 175 Hi%&UhIiT~ SAIdDIA BASE ALBu2umxJE, la$ mXIc0 7 October 1960 This is to cert!e tlmt during the TDY period at this station, Govement Guarters were available and Goverrrment Fessing facilities were not availzble for the following mmoers of I%Ki: Colonel &w, Og~arHe USA Pi3 jor Andm~n,Qaude T. USAF Lt. Colonel fsderacn, George R. USAF Doctor lrndMvrsj could Re Doctor Acdrem, Howard L. USPIG Colonel ksMlla stephen G. USA Colonel Ayars, Laurence S. USAF Lt. Colonel Bec~ew~ki,Zbignie~ J. USAF Lt. Colonel BaMinp, George S., Jr. USAF bjor Barlow, Lundie I:., Jr. UMG Ckmzzder m, h3.llian E. USPHS Ujor Gentley, Jack C. UskF Colonel Sess, Ceroge C. , WAF Docto2 Eethard, 2. F. Lt. c=Jlonel Eayer, David H., USfiF hejor Bittick, Paul, Jr. USAF COlOIle3. Forah, hUlhm N. USAF &;tail? Boulerman, :!alter I!. USAF Comander hwers, Jesse L. USN Cz?trin Brovm, Benjamin H, USAF Ca?tain Bunstock, lrKulam H. USAF Colonel Campbell, lkul A. USAF Colonel Caples, Joseph T. USA Colonel. Collins, CleM J. USA rmctor Collins, Vincent P. X. Colonel c0nner#, Joseph A. USAF Cx:kain ktis, Sidney H. USAF Lt. Colonel Dauer, hxmll USA Colonel kvis, Paul w, USAF Captsir: Deranian, Paul UShT Loctcir Dllle, J. Robert Captain Duffher, Gerald J. USN hctor Duguidp Xobert H. kptain arly, klarren L. use Ca?,kin Endera, Iamnce J. USAF Colonel hspey, James G., Jr. USAF’ & . Farber, Sheldon USNR Caifain Farmer, C. D. USAF Ivajor Fltzpatrick, Jack C. USA Colonel FYxdtt, Nchard s. -
Historical Brief Installations and Usaaf Combat Units In
HISTORICAL BRIEF INSTALLATIONS AND USAAF COMBAT UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 1942 - 1945 REVISED AND EXPANDED EDITION OFFICE OF HISTORY HEADQUARTERS THIRD AIR FORCE UNITED STATES AIR FORCES IN EUROPE OCTOBER 1980 REPRINTED: FEBRUARY 1985 FORE~ORD to the 1967 Edition Between June 1942 ~nd Oecemhcr 1945, 165 installations in the United Kingdom were used by combat units of the United States Army Air I"orce~. ;\ tota) of three numbered .,lr forl'es, ninc comllklnds, frJur ;jfr divi'iions, )} w1.l\~H, Illi j(r,IUpl', <lnd 449 squadron!'! were at onE' time or another stationed in ',r'!;rt r.rftaIn. Mnny of tlal~ airrll'lds hnvc been returned to fann land, others havl' houses st.lnding wh~rr:: t'lying Fortr~ss~s and 1.lbcratorR nllce were prepared for their mis.'ilons over the Continent, Only;l few rcm:l.1n ;IS <Jpcr.Jt 11)11., 1 ;'\frfll'ldH. This study has been initl;ltcd by the Third Air Force Historical Division to meet a continuin~ need for accurate information on the location of these bases and the units which they served. During the pas t several years, requests for such information from authors, news media (press and TV), and private individuals has increased. A second study coverin~ t~e bases and units in the United Kingdom from 1948 to the present is programmed. Sources for this compilation included the records on file in the Third Air Force historical archives: Maurer, Maurer, Combat Units of World War II, United States Government Printing Office, 1960 (which also has a brief history of each unit listed); and a British map, "Security Released Airfields 1n the United Kingdom, December 1944" showing the locations of Royal Air Force airfields as of December 1944. -
The Ground Observer Corps Public Relations and the Cold War in the 1950S
The Ground Observer Corps Clymer The Ground Observer Corps Public Relations and the Cold War in the 1950s ✣ Kenton Clymer Ground Observer Corps, Hurray! Protects our Nation every day. Protects our ºag, Red, White and Blue, They protect everyone, even you. Always on guard with Watchful eyes, Never tiring they search the skies. From now to eternity we shall be free, America’s guarded by the G. O. C. Tony Parinelli, Leominster, MA1 This article examines the development and demise of one of the least studied elements of U.S. homeland defense efforts in the 1950s: the Ground Ob- server Corps (GOC). In an earlier article I explored the origins of the GOC.2 Here I focus on the development of the organization in the mid-1950s until its deactivation in 1959, showing that the GOC never came close to achieving its goals for recruitment and effectiveness. Despite the grave shortcomings of the GOC, the U.S. Air Force (USAF) continued to support the organization, evidently because the GOC served the public relations interests of the Air Force, U.S. air defense, and, more generally, the Cold War policies of the United States. The lack of widespread public support for the GOC provides some credence to the contrarian view about the overwhelming fear of an im- minent Soviet nuclear strike on the United States that is commonly said to have characterized U.S. society in the 1950s.3 1. Tony Parinelli, “G.O.C.,” in Dwight D. Eisenhower Library (DDEL), White House Central Files (WHCF), Dwight D. Eisenhower Papers, Ofªcial File 1953–1961, Box 82, Folder 3-C-14 (1). -
In Search of Stephen: the Wartime Death of an American Airman in World War II
A Thesis In Search Of Stephen The Wartime Death of An American Airman In World War II By Thomas G. Toth Sr. Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Masters of Liberal Studies ____________________________________ Advisor: Dr. Larry Wilcox Ph.D. ______________________________ College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo December 2006 An Abstract Of In Search Of Stephen The Wartime Death of An American Airman In World War II Thomas G. Toth Sr. Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Masters of Liberal Studies The University of Toledo December 2006 A thesis presented on the manner and cause of the wartime death of Staff Sergeant Stephen Toth and the members of his crew August 19th 1943, in the skies of occupied Holland. The aim of the thesis is to reconstruct, and investigate from secondary sources and primary records: the deaths of an American aircrew, the manner and treatment of the survivors held captive as POWs in war time Germany, and the cause and manner of the return of the dead, and the repatriation of the living. ii Acknowledgments The author wishes to express sincere appreciation to Professor Larry Wilcox for his assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. In addition, special thanks to all those who aided me in my research: Ivo de Jong, Daniel Singer (National Archives), and the veterans of the 388th Bomb Group Association. This is dedicated to: my parents William and Ruth Toth, my family, my best friend Mary and especially Stephen. Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Table Of Contents iv I. -
Viii Fc, 11.43
Headquarters U.S. VIII th Fighter Command Narratives of Operations November 1943 (Combats & Casualties) Intelligence Summary No. 68 U.S. VIIIth Fighter Command F.O. 168 VIIIth Bomber Command F.O. 285 66th Fighter Wing F.O. 26 3rd November 1943 Statistics - U.S. Fighter Groups. Heavy Bomber Attack on Wilhelmshaven. Field Order 168 on 3.11.43. Date Parent Fighter Group Mission Order Airborne Effective ñ Claim ò Claim Lost Major Support Type First Task Force (1st Bomb. Division): Wilhelmshaven . 03.11.43 VIII FC 55th Group 1st Mission 53 P-47 45 Sorties 3-5-5 nil - 1 Cat. B Penetration 03.11.43 VIII FC 4th Group 1st Mission 50 P-47 43 Sorties 2-0-0 nil 1 P-47 1 Cat. E Penetration 03.11.43 VIII FC 78th Group 1st Mission 76 P-47 57 Sorties 1-0-0 nil - - Penetration 03.11.43 VIII FC 355th Group 1st Mission 50 P-47 46 Sorties nil nil - - Penetration Second Task Force (2nd Bomb. Division): Wilhelmshaven. 03.11.43 VIII FC 352nd Group 1st Mission 50 P-47 48 Sorties nil nil - - Penetration 03.11.43 VIII FC 56th Group 1st Mission 54 P-47 47 Sorties 3-0-1 nil - - Withdrawal Third Task Force (3rd Bomb. Division): Wilhelmshaven. 03.11.43 VIII FC 356th Group 1st Mission 51 P-47 48 Sorties nil nil - - Penetration 03.11.43 VIII FC 353rd Group 1st Mission 51 P-47 45 Sorties 5-0-1 nil - - General U.S. VIIIth Fighter Command Results: Claims on 14-5-7 enemy aircraft in the air.