P R E F AC E .

OR some year s past I, in c o m m on with many

others, have felt that all letters of interest and accessible facts in connection with the early history of the Truemans should be collected and put in per manent form , not because there is anything of interest to the general public in the records of a family whose members have excelled , if at all , in private rather than in public life , but in order that the little knowledge there is of the early history of the family might not pass forever out of the reach of later generations with the death of those Whose memory carries them back to the original settlers . In getting together material necessary for the work , numbers of interesting facts concerning other families came inevitably to light. In order to preserve these facts, and at the same time give the book a slightly Wider interest, I decided to write a short history of those families connected by marriage with the first and second g enerations of Truemans, and also, as far as material was available , of the first settlers in the old township o f Cumberland , which now includes the settlements of Fort Lawrence, Westmoreland Point,

Point de Bute , Jo lic ur e , Bay Road, Bay Verte , Upper P RE FACE iv .

Tidn ish and Port Elgin . Finally , as a kind of set h ting for the whole , I ave prefaced these records with a brief outline of the early history of the Isthmus . That the work falls far below the ideal goes with ff out saying . Anyone who has made the e ort to collect facts of local history knows how difficult it is to get reliable information . In almost every case where there was a conflict of Opinion I have e n deavo r e d to verify my facts by light thrown on them from different directions ; but doubtless mistakes will be found . By keeping the work in preparation for a lon ger time, more matter of interest could certainly be added, and p e rhaps corrections made ; but to this there is no end , as the discovery of every new item of interest reveals a whole series more to investigate . To all who have given me assistance warmest

N r h am . o t thanks are tendered . To Dr Ganong,of p ton, Mass . ; Judge Morse, Amherst ; W . C . Milner,

Sackville ; and Dr. Steel of Amherst, grateful ac kn o wle dg m e n t is especially due for their ready and ’ ’ cheerful help . To Murdoch s Nova Scotia, Hannay s Acadia and to Dixon’s and Black’s family histories I have also been indebted . I N T T I O N R O D U C .

HIS book needs no introduction to the people of

the Isthmus,whom it will most interest. I shall therefore attempt only to point out the plan the“ present work will take i n the general history of East ern Canada .

Mr. Trueman does not profess to have attempted a complete history of the Isthmus . The earlier periods, prior to the coming of the Yorkshiremen, ar e so replete with interest that a many times larger work than the present would be necessary for their fu ll e t consideration, but Mr. Trueman has tr a ed them with sufficient fulness to show the histo rical conditions of the country into which the Yorkshiremen came . It is the historyof these Yorkshiremen and their descend M r m so ants which . True an treats fully and author it ati v l e y , and withal, from a local standpoint, so interestingly ; and his work is the more valuable for the reason that h itherto but little has been published

o - n up n this subj ect. Some articles have appeared i local newspapers,and there are references to it in the provincial histories, but no attempt has hitherto been a m de to treat the subject as it deserves . Those of us who are interested in histo ry from a more scientific standpo int will regret that the material, particularly vi INTRODUCTION . of the earlier part of the Yorkshire immigration could not have been more documentary and less tradi ’ ti on al, but that it is as here given is not Mr. Trueman s fault b u t a result of the nature of the case . It is not impossible, by the way, that such documents may yet be discovered, perhaps in some still unsuspected be m archives . It is to reme bered , however, that to a local audience, documents are of less interest than tradition, and the genealogical phases of history , here . so fully treated ,are most interesting of all . Mr True man seems to have sifted the traditions with care ,and he certainly has devoted to his task an unsurpassed knowledge of his subject, much loving labor, and no h small e n t us1as m . I believe the local readers of his work will agree with me that this history could not have fallen into more appropriate hands .

It does n o t seem to me that Mr. Trueman has exaggerated the part played by the Yorkshiremen and their descendants in our local history . While it is doubtless too much to say that their loyalty saved Nova Scotia (then including New Brunswick) to Great Britain by their steadfastness at the ti m e of the

Eddy incident in 1776, there can be no doubt that it contributed largely to that result and rendered easy the supp re sswn of an uprising which would have given the authorities very great trouble had it succeeded . But there can be no question whatever as to the value to the Chignecto region, and hence to all

- this part of Canada, of thi s immigration of God fear ing, loyal , industrious, progressive Yorkshiremen . Although they and their descendants have not occupied e ao n m N u cr . vii the places in life of greatest prominence , they have been none the less useful citizens in contributing as they have to the solid foundations of the upbuilding of a great people . It is of interest in this connection to note that ’ Mr. Trueman s book,although preceded in Nova Scotia by several county histories, i s for New Brunswick , ’ with one or two exceptions (in Jack s History of the ” ’ City of St. John , and Lorimer s pamph let History of the Passam aqu iddy Islands the fi rst h isto ry of a limited portion of the Province to appear in book form , although valuable newspaper series on local h it history ave been published . May prove the leader of a long series of such local histories which, let us hope , will not cease to appear until every portion of these interesting Provinces h as been adequately treated .

W . F . GANONG .

C N T E N T S O .

PAGE .

CHAPTER I .

CHIGNECTO

C A E H PT R II .

N EW E NGLAND I M M IGR ATION, 1755 - 1770

CHAPTER III .

YOR K S HIR E IM M I GR ATION

V CHAPTER l .

EDDY R EBELLION

C E HAPT R V .

O F THE IS TH M US

E C HAPT R VI .

CHAPTE R VII . X CONTENTS.

PAGE. CHAPTER VIII

IX CHAPTER .

FAM ILIES CONNECTED BY M AR R IAGE WITH SECO ND

GENER ATI ON o r TR UEM ANS

C HAPTER X .

THE FI R ST SETTLER S OF CUM B ER LAND

I LL T RAT IO N U S S .

FOR T CUM BER LAND I N 1 850

or CHIGNECTO ISTHM US

“ ” TH E BR ICK H OUSE, PR OSP ECT FAR M , ER E CTED 1799

THE HAR M ON T R UE M AN H OUSE, BUILT IN 1806 THE C HIG NEC TO ISTHMUS

CHAPTER I .

’’ THE CHI GN EC TO IS THM US .

HE disc overy of America added nearly a third

to the then known land surface of the earth , and opened up two of its richest continents . If such ’ an extent of territory were thrown into the world s

- market to day, the rapidity with which it would be exploited and explored ,and its wealth made tri buta ry ’ to the world s requirements, would astonish, if th ey were here, the men who pioneered the settlement of the new country and left so royal a heritage to their descendants. To those who cross the Atlantic in the m great ocean liners of our ti e, and think them none too safe, the fleet with which Sir Humphrey Gilber t crossed the sea to plant his colony i n the new land must seem a frail protection indeed against the dangers of the weste rn ocean . Perhaps in no way can the progress made since the beginning of the nineteenth century be more forcibly brought before the mind than by compari ng the immens e iron ste amships of the present day with the small wooden vessels with which commerce was THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . carried on and battles were fought and won a hundred and fifty years ago. The Isthmus of Chignecto separates the waters of th e Bay of Fundy from those of Bay Verte, and con sti tu te s the neck of land which saves Nova Scotia from being an island . It is seventeen miles between the two bays at the narrowest point, and considering

- the town of Amherst the south eastern limit, and the

- village of Sackville the north western , it may be put down as a li ttle less than ten miles in W idth . The southern slope is drained by four tidal rivers

Missi u ash Au la or creeks, namely , La Planche , q , c r m r o ; and the Tan t a a . These rivers empty int Cum berland Basi n ,an d their general course is from north

- east to south west. In length they are from twelve to fifteen miles , and run through narrow valleys, the soil of which is made up largely from a rich sediment carried by the tide from the muddy waters of the basin . These valleys are separated from each other ’ by ridges of high land ranging from one h u n dr e d to one hundred and fifty feet above the sea level .

The Tidn ish River, and several streams e m ptym g into the Bay Verte , drain the Isthmus on its northern Missi u as h Tidn ish slope . The q and rivers, each for some part O f its course , form the boundary be tween the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick . The tides at th e head of the Bay of Fundy rise to the height of sixty feet, or even higher, and are said o to be the highest in the world . The mud dep sit from the overflow of these tidal wate rs, laid down along the river valleys, is from one foot to eighty feet l deep , varying as the soi beneath rises and falls.

S 1 4 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMU .

Between Sackville and Amherst there is an area of some fifty thousand acres of these alluvial lands, r e claimed and unreclaimed . Some of this marsh has been cutting large crops of hay for one hundred and

‘ i n fifty years, and there is n o e v de c e of diminished fertility , although no fertilizer has been used in that time ; other sections have become exhausted and the tide has been allowed to overflow them . This treat ment will restore them to their original fertility . Cartier was the first of the early navigators to drop anchor in a New Brunswick harbor. This was

1 5 4 a in the summer of 3 , and the place w s on the Gulf of St . Lawrence, near the mouth of the Miramichi h 3ot . L River . This was on the of June anding the next day and finding the country well wooded, he was delighted and Spoke of it in glowing terms . The first white men to visit the Isthmus with a v iew to trade and settlement came from Port Royal 1 2 in the summer of 6 1 .

In 1 670,Jacob Bourgeois, a resident of Port Royal , and a few other restless spirits, were the first to make h a permanent settlement. T ese were followed by another contingent under the leadership of Pierre

Arsenault .

In 1 676 , the King of France gave a large grant of territory in Acadia to a French nobleman , Michael

Le Neuf, Sieur de La Valliere . This grant included ’ all the Chignecto Isthmus . Tonge s Island , a small islet in the marsh near the mouth of the Missiqu as h

River, i s called Isle La Valliere on the old maps, and was probably occupied by La Valliere himself when h e lived on the Isthmus .

16 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

The Acadians were quick to see the benefits that

would arise from reclaiming the rich river valleys,

and they drew their revenues chiefly from this land . They did not readily take to the cutting down of th e forests and preparing the upland fo r growing crops ;

' they were more at home with the dyking- spade than

the axe . A description of their methods of dyking d a t an constructing aboide ux , written in 1710, is interesting to those who are doing the same work

n o w.

“ Th e write r of 171 0 says : They stopped the cur

rent o f the sea by creating large dykes , which they

called aboideaux . The method was to plant five or six large trees in the places where the sea enters the

marshes, and between e ach row to lay down other

trees lengthways on top of each other, and fill the vacant places with mud so well beate n down u a that the tide co ld not p ss through it. In the middle they adjusted a floo d - gate in such a way as to allow the water from the marsh to flow out at low water without permitting the wate r from the sea to ” e flow in at high tide . The writ r adds that the ’ work was expensive, but the second year s crop r e

paid them for the outlay . This is more than can be said for present - day experience in the same kind Of

work . The land reclaimed on the Aulae was confined i pr ncipally to the upper portion of the river. The Abbe Le Loutre saw that the benefit would be great

if this river were dammed near its mouth,and he was

at work at a large aboideau, for which he had r e THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . 1 7 c e i ved money from France , when the fall of Beau h séjour forever put a stop to i s enterprise . Wheat seems to have grown very abundantly on the marsh when it was first dyked, judging from the census reports of those days and the traditions handed down . The old French maps of 1 750 and earlier show a

B u sin settlements at e a b as (Fort Lawrence), Pont a E - not (Point de Bute), Le Lac (Jo li c u r e ), We He

- - — Kauk (We stc oc k), We He Kauk Chis (Little West

T n m cock), a t r a ar (Upper S ackville), Pr é Du Bourge

- (Middle Sac kville), We - He Kage (Amherst Point) and

Amherst or Upper Amherst, Vill - La - Butte, and La l Planche . There were sett ements also at Maccan,

Min i Nappan and u d e . The statement that the vil lage of Beau b assin , in 1 750, contained a hundred and forty houses, and a population numbering a thousand , seems improbable under the circumstances .

Fort Lawrence , the site of old Beau b assi n , contains — to day less than forty houses ,and not more than three hundred inhabitants , yet more land is under culti i vation now than in any previous time in ts history . It i s highly probable that the whole population on the south side of the Isthmus was reckoned as be

B u in longing to ea b ass . There is good reason for saying that the popu lation of the district embraced in the parish of

Westmoreland, exce pting Port Elgin, was much larger from 1 750 to 1 75 5 than it has ever been

The Seigneur La Valliere was , no doubt , the most 2 1 8 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . prominent man, politically, on the Isthmus during the French period . He was appointed commandant of Acadia in 1 678 , by Count Frontenac, and just missed being made governor . He was a man of broader views than most of his contemporaries . a He encour ged trade . and was willing that others beside his own countrymen should reap the benefits if they were ready to pay the price . He antici ’ pated th e m od es m ven dt system now in force between this country and the United States in dealing with th e fisheries, and instead of keeping a large fleet to patrol the coast and drive the English from the fishing ground, he charged them a license fee of five pistoles (about twenty - five dollars) for each vessel , thus giving them a free hand in the business . ’ La Valliere s farm was probably on the island ” marked on the old maps, Isle La Valliere , and here he lived when not in other parts of the colony on Be au bassi n public business. He had a son called , who was always ready to take a hand in any e xpe dition that required courage and promised danger.

In 1 703 , this Be au bassi n was the leader of a party of French and Indians that attacked Casco and would have captured the place but for the timely arrival of

- o f- a British man war. 1 1 h On the t April, 1 71 3 , the Treaty of Utrecht was signed . T his gave all Nova Scotia , or Acadia, comprehended within its ancient boundaries,as also the city of Port Royal , now called Annapolis Royal , to the Queen of Great Britain . The English claimed this to include all the territory east of a line drawn from 1 9 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . north of the Kennebec River to Quebec, taking in all the south shore of the St . Lawrence, Gaspe, the h Island of St. John , and Cape Breton . The Frenc contended that Acadia only included the southern half of the present Province of Nova Scotia . Views so divergent held by the contracting parties to an agreement, could scarcely fail to produce irritation and ultimately result in war.

In 1740, the Abbé Le Loutre, Vicar - General of

Acadia, under the Bishop of Quebec, and missionary to the Micmacs, came to Acadia to take charge Of his mission . It soon became apparent that the Rev . Father was more anxious to advance the power and prestige of the King of France than he was to minister to the spiritual elevation of the benigh ted th e é Indians . The course pursued by Abb defeated the end he had in view . His aim was to make Acadia a French colony ; but in reality he helped to make it the most loyal British territory in Nort h

America.

The successful raid of de Villiers, in the winter of

1747, convinced the English that so long as Chignecto was in possession of the French, and was used as a base of operations to defy the English Government, there could be no lasting peace or security for settlers of British blood . Taking this view of the matter, Governor Cornwallis determined to take measures to drive the French from the Isthmus . The unsettled state of the French population through the Province c ontributed to this decision . 54 In November; 17 , Governor Lawrence wrote to 20 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Shirley, at Boston , that he had reason to believe the French were contemplating aggressive measures at

Chignecto, and he thought it was quite time an effort was made to drive them from th e north side of the e Bay of Fundy . Col . Monckton carried this lett r to

Governor Shirley . The governor entirely agreed with the suggestion it contained, and had already . taken some steps to bring about so desirable an end to the troubles the Governm e nt was experiencing on the Isthmus .

The matter was kept as sec ret as possible , but efforts were immediately made to raise a force to capture Fort Beausejour, the new fort built by the

French on the high gr ound overlooking Be au b assin ,

- on the north west side of the M issiqu ash . So suc c e ssfu l were they in getting up the expedition that , on the 23 r d of May , everything was ready and the force se t sail from Boston .

The expedition numbered two thousand men,under

f - the command o Lieut . Col . Monckton , with Lieu l a tenants Wins ow and Scott under him . They c lled at Annapolis , and were joined there by three hun ’ dred regulars of War b u r to n s regiment, and got a " o f small train artillery . Fort Lawrence was reached

* Th e for t at For t Lawr e n ce , was s it uat e o n t h e h igh lan d t h at se par at e s t h e v all e v s of t h e M issiqu ash an d La Pl an ch e r ive r s , a t t e e ss t h an t wo m e s s t an t r m r t e a se I li l l il di f o Fo B u jou r . t was n s t r t e i n t h e n e Li e t e n an co uc d m o t h o f S pt e m be r , 1750. u t

Colon e l La wr e n ce a r r ive d at t h e Ist h m u s wi t h a st r on g for ce , con s is t i n g of t h e 48t h R e gim e n t , an d t h r e e h u n d r e d m e n O f t h e 4 h “ st Re gi m e n t . Th e In di an s a n d s o m e of t h e Fr e n ch we r e r ash e n o ugh t o O ppose t h e lan din g of so for m idable a body o f t r o ops ,b u t t h e y we r e dr ive n o ff aft e r a sh ar p s kir m i sh , i n wh ich 21 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . on 2n d June, and the next day all the troops were

landed and camped around the fort . B Vergor, the French General in command at e au sé jour, called on all the Acadians capable of beari ng i arms to come into the fort and assist in t s defence .

The Acadians, however, would not obey this order unless Vergor would make a refusal to comply pun

ish able with death . This would give them an excuse with which to meet the English if th e fort were

taken . 4th th e On the June . English broke camp and

marched north from Fort Lawrence , a distance o f

about two miles along the ridge of high land ; then , M i i h ente r ing the ss qu as valley, they cross ed over to B ’ Pont a Bu o t , or u o t s Bridge , which spanned the Mi i u ss q ash River. This bridge was near what is now

Point de Bute Corner. Here the French had a block h house garrisoned wit thirty men . There was also a

was breastwork of timber. This place defended for

an hour by the French, and then , setting fire to the

little fort, they left the English to cross over without

opposition . The victorious force camped that night Missi u a h on the Point de Bute side of the q s River . At this day it is difficult to account for the slight h i s value the Acadian seemed to place upon home . He appears to have been always ready to se t i t on fire at the least danger of its falling into the hands

of the English. The sixty houses that sto od between

sh r t di s t h e En gli sh lost abo ut t we n t y killed an d woun ded . A o t an ce fr om wh e r e t h e y lan d e d Colon e l Lawr e n ce e r e ct e d a p i c ke t al

r - m m se A ar r s n fo t wit h block h ouse s,wh ich was n a e d fo r h i lf . g i o

o f si x h un dr ed m e n was m ain tain ed h e r e u n t il t h e fall o f Bea usejour . 22 THE CHIGNECTO ISTH MUS .

’ Bu o t s Bridge and Beausejour all went up in flame that night, fired by the French soldiers as they retired before the English . From the 4th until the 1 3th of June the English were engaged in cutting roads , building bridges, transporting cannon , and getting these into position north of the fort , on the high ground,within shelling b distance . During this time the French had een strengt h ening their defences and making other ar é rangements for withstanding a seige . The Abb Le “ ” Loutre ceased work on his abat e au and set his men to . assist at the fort . Scouting parties from either camp met once or twice, and the Indians captured an English Officer named Hay, who was passing from Fort Lawrence to the English camp . On the 13th th e English threw a few shells into the fort, and continued to shell the place on the 1 4th , without much apparent result. On that dav Vergor received tidings that no help could be sent from

Louisbourg. This news was more disastrous to the

French than the English shells . The Acadians lost all heart and began to slip away into the woods and the settlements to the northward . 1 The next day, the 5th , larger shells were thrown ,

th e some falling into the fort. One shell killed Eng lish officer, Hay , who was a prisoner, and several Of French ficers, while they were at breakfast . This decided the matter. Vergor sent an O fficer to Monck a ton sking for a suspension of hostilities . That afternoon the following terms of surrender were agreed upon

24 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

separates the M issiqu ash from the Au lac valley. It was a fort of five bastions, with casemates , and was capable of accommodating eight hundred men . It mounted thir ty guns . After it fell into the hands of the English it was greatly improved . A stone magazine (a part of which i s still standing) was built outs ide the southern embankment. The moat was excavated to a much gr eater depth . Of late years the place h as been shamefully neglected . On account of i t s historic associations many yearly visit the “ ” Old Fort, and efforts have been made to enclose the g rounds and make them more p resentable .

The Aca dians were still to be dealt with . Whether they should remain in the country and in the p os session o f their lands depended entirely on whether they would take the oath of allegiance to the Cro wn of Great Britain . This one condition accepted, they would be g uaranteed all the privileges and im m u n i ti e s of British subjects . They refused , and the

was Expulsion followed . It a hard and cruel measure, but they had h ad forty years of grace, and those who had thus long borne with them now decided their day of grace had ended .

One hundred and fifty years have since passed , but we find the Acadians are still here and are exercising an influence in Canada that i s felt in all its Provinces . They are British subjects now , how ever, and while they have not lost their love for the h country from which they sprang, nor for t e flag for which their ancestors sacrificed so much , they are ready to stand by the Empire Of Britain in war as well as in peace . C H A P T E R I I .

THE N E EN LA ’ W G ND I M M I GRA TI ON .

- 1 7555 1 770.

HE expulsion of 1 755 left the population of old Acadia so depleted that the Governor and Council felt that something must be done at once to add to its numbers . The first move in this direction was to O ffer exceptional advantages to the New h England soldiers, w o constituted the largest part of the force at the taking of Beausejour, if they would remain in the country . Very few, however, accepted the offer, and as the unsettled sta te of the country between 1 75 5 and 17 60 was most unfavorable to immigration , but little p r ogress was made till the next decade . During these years wandering bands of Acadians and Indians harrassed the English, shooting and scalp f ing whenever opportunity of ered . At Bay Verte , in the spring of 175 5 , nine soldiers, belong ing to a party under Lieutenant Bowan , were shot an d scalped while out g etting woo d for the fort. Colonel

Scott, commandant at Cumberland , immediately sent two hundred of the New Engl and men to Bay Verte with a sergeant and ten men of the regulars . The h sergeant replaced the men w o were killed , and ’ caused three weeks supply of wood to be laid in . 26 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Short ly after this one of the regulars was killed , and one of the New England men was taken prisoner. These men had strayed in the woods down as far as the Tan t r am ar with these unfortunate results .

In 1 759, Governor Lawrence wrote from Halifax

“ to the Board of Trade that five soldiers h ad been killed and scalped near Fort Cumberland , and that a provision vessel had been boarded by French and Indians in t h e Bay of Fundy and carried up th e ” h an d River Petitcodiac . The five men were ambus ed killed in Upper Point d e Bute , near a bridge that crossed a ravine on the farm now owned by Amos

Trueman . Up to this time the government of Nova Scotia . was vested in a governor and council . This year,

1758 , it was . decided by the Home Government to A allow the Province a Legislative ssembly . The

Assembly was to consist of twenty - two members , twelve to be elected by the Province at large, four . for the township of Halifax , four for the township . of Lunenburg , one for Dartmouth , one for Lawrence town , one for Annapolis, and one for Cumberland .

Fifty qualified electors would constitute a to wnship . The township elections were to continue during two days, and those for the Province four days . The Assembly met for the first time on October

2n d 1 58 . , 7 . Nineteen members were present This makes the Legislature of Halifax the oldest in the

Dominion of Canada: This year, also, Governor Lawrence issued his first proclamation inviting the New Englanders to come to Nova Scotia and settle on the vacated Acadian farms . E R 2 THE NEW NGLAND IMMIG ATION . 7

This proclamation create d a great deal Of interest

and inquiry , and finally led to a considerable number of New England farmers settling in different parts

of the Province, Chignecto getting a good share Of h ad them . The first proclamation , however, to be supplemented by a second , in which full liberty of

conscience and the . right to worship as they pleased f was secured to Protestants o all denominations . ’ This guarantee was n o t included in Lawrence s first

invitation to the New Englanders , and the descend ants o f the Puritans had not read in vain the his tory of the sacrifices made by their forefathers to

worship in their own way . M In July , 1 759, Edward ott, representing a com

m itt e e of agents from Connecticut,arrived at Halifax

and was given a schoone r to proceed to Chignecto , to examine that part of the Province with a view to

settlement . Mr. Mott and his party returned some months later and sug gested some changes in the pro

posed grants , which were conceded by t h e Govern

ment. It was estimated at this time that two thousand fam ilice could be comfortably settled in the districts of i P Chignecto, Co be qu d, isqu id , Minas and Annapolis . This year (1 75 9) persons in Connecticut and Rhode

Island sent Major Denn ison, Jonathan Harris, James

Otis, James Fuller, and John Hicks , to Halifax to look out for desirable locations for settlement in the

Province . Messrs . Hicks and Fuller decided to take i id up lands at P squ or Windsor. From this time till 1766 th e desire shown by res i THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . dents of New England to settle in Nova Scotia was very marked , and resulted in adding considerably to the population of the Province .

In May , 176 1 , Captain Dogget was directed to br ing twenty families and sixty head of cattle . The cattle were to be brought from the eastern part of

S . Ne w England to Liverpool , N. , at the expense of

- fiv the Government . Thirty e pounds also was granted to transport twenty families with seventy—nine head 1 763 of cattle to the township of Amherst . In , a number Of families came to Sackville and were g iven grants of land by the Government . These Sackville emigrants were adherents of th e Baptist Church and brought their minister with them . The denomina i s tion still strong in that locality . A number of these emigrants, however, returned at the beginning of the

Revolutionary War, and others after the war was over .

The townships of Cumberland ,Amherst , and Sack ville were established in 1 763 . The township of

Cumberland had an area of acres . It included all the territory between the La Planche and Aulae

Rivers , and extended east to Bay Verte and south e west to the Cumberland Basin . Old Beaus jour,now

Fort Cumberland , was within the township of Cum d berlan . Amh erst township i s said to have had a population at this time of thirty families, and Cumberland of

- five Th e O f thirty families. township Cumberland of was given acres o f marsh, and Sackville had n acres of marsh a d acres of woodland . W 2 THE NE ENGLAND I MMIGR ATION . 9

In 1 763 , a number of the leading men in Cumber land met together and appointed a committee to draft a memorial to the Governor, asking t h e privi lege of sending a representative to the Assembly at

Halifax . The request was granted, and Joshua Winslow was chosen as the first representative of the township . Colonel Fry had previous to this time represented Cumberland in the Assembly,but he was not elected by the people . The following is the text of the memorial

To the Honourable Montague W ilmot, Esquire , Lieutenant - Governor and Commander - i n - Chief of His ’ Majesty s Province of Nova Scotia , and Colonel of ’

Hi . one of s Maj esty s regiments of foot, etc , e tc , etc . “ The inhabitants of the to wn of Cumberland ,in Nova Scotia, beg leave to congratulate Your Honour on your ap ointment by His Majesty to the chief command 0 this Province “ and in your sa fe arrival therein . Although remote from the Capital , and perhaps last in our addresses, yet we flatter ourselves not th e least sincere in assuring Your Ho nour of the happiness we feel in finding ourselves under your government . It would give us particular satisfaction w as it in your power to look upon ourselves in the same light with the other towns in the Province . But as we are yet destitute of that sanction which would put us on the same footing with our neighbours, we cannot help presuming upon the liberty O f signifying to

Your Honour our regret thereat, and praying that you will be pleased to permit the sol ution of our affair s to be laid before you , not doubting but upon a just representation thereof you will be pleased to think we are deserving in common with the other 30 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . settlements of Your Honour’s countenance and pro i n t e c t o . We beg to rely on your goodness therein .

By desire of the inhabitants,

(Signers),

John Huston (Ch ) . Elijah Ayer.

Wm . Allen . Josiah Throop .

J. Winslow . Jos . Morse .

Abel Richardson .

B R l st 1 63 . CUM E LAND, Nov . , 7

Although thirty - fi ve families had settled in Cum berland at this time , and six hundred acres of land had been cleared of timber, the larger part of the w s land a still held by the Government . Application was therefore made in this year by the following persons for grants Of lan d in Cumberland :

’ R G ANTEES NAMES .

Joseph Morse . Joshua Winslow .

Elijah Ayer. Jesse Bent.

Josiah Throop . Gamaliel Smethurst .

John Huston . Sennacherib Martyn .

James Law . Abel Richardson . W Sara Jones . illiam Best, Sr.

Obediah Ayer. William Nesbit.

Wi n d se r William How . Eager.

Arch . Hinshelwood . Gideon Gardner .

Samuel Danks . Thomas Dickson . i " . ebulon Roe. John K ng

h . Henry King . Jos ua Best

I HM 32 THE CHIGNECTO sT Us .

h ands O f George II . , amongst these a pension, and His trac ts of land in Virginia and Nova Scotia . last days were spent in Fort Lawrence, where he settled h after t e expulsion of the French . He left one son,

Alpheus, and a daughter, Olive . The former married h Theodora, a sister of Col . Jonat an Crane the father of Hon . Wm . Crane ; the latter married Col . Wm .

Eddy, of Revolutionary fame, who was afterwards M killed in the British attack on ac h ais, and the Fort Lawrence property inherited by h is wife was ’ escheated to the Crown . After Alpheus Morse s death his widow married Major How , an officer in ’ Eddy s command . Upon the failure of the rebellion,

Mrs . How and Mrs . Eddy fled to the United States . ’ Alpheus Morse s sons were Alpheus, James, Joseph ,

Silas, and John . The two first lived in Cumberland , where their descendants are still found . Judge

. r Morse and Dr Mo se , of Amherst,are sons of James.

Joseph emigrated to Ohio, where his descendants r now live . Silas ma ried a sister of Judge Alexander

B. t Ste wart, C. Among his descendan s are Sir Charles ’ ’ Tupper s family, Rev . Richards Simmonds family,and

t K . Charles Fuller on , C . John Morse married a h ’ daughter of S e r ifi Charles Chandler, the father of v r n Li eu t e n an t Go e o r Chandler. Among his descend ants are the family of the late Judge Morse of Dal housie , and the C. Milner family of Sackville . A d daughter of Alpheus Morse married Ju ge Stewart . Among his descendants are Judge Townsend of ’

Halifax , and Senator Dickey s family of Amherst.

' — There were three Ayers Elijah , Obediah and 3 THE NEW ENGLAND I MMIG RATION . 3 — Joseph who came with the emigration of 1 763 and settled in Sackville . Obediah joined the Eddy

rebels in 1 776 , and was made a commodore by the

Continental Cong ress after he left Cumbe rland . The

Ayers in Sackville are descendants of these grantees . Josiah Throop was an engineer in the British

army . He surveyed the township of Cumberland, ’ and Throop s plan is still referred to . His grant was

in Upper Point de Bute, where some of his descend

ants still live . He represented the township in the

Halifax Assembly in 1 76 5 . — There were three Hustons John, William and

Alexander. They lived near Fort Cumberland . The

name occurs still in the county of Cumberland .

Joshua Winslow, as we have stated, was the first representative sent from Cumbe rland to the f Legi slature at Halifax ,and was a member O the Wins

low family, so distinguished in colonial history . He was t engaged at Chignec o with Capt . Huston , in the

commissary business . The latter in one of his trips to Boston picked up a waif in the person of

Brook Watson , a young man who had had one of his

- legs bitten o ff by a shark in West Indian waters .

Watson was trained under Winslow, and the fo u n da

t ion of his success was hereby laid . General Joshua was Commissary - General of the British in Nova 1 Scotia He left Fort Cumberland in 783 . He was paymaster of th e troops in Quebec in 1 791 and died

there te n years later. A grandson of his, a Mr . l Trott, lives at Niagara Falls in a fine O d colonial

mansion f u ll of treasures of the Colonial per iod , with ’ s fie ts many r elics and personal c of General Winslow . 3 s 34 THE CHIGNECTO IsT RM U .

The Bents were from New England . There were Am two brothers, Joh n and Jesse . John settled in herst and Jesse in Fort Lawrence . There are a large n Um be r of their descend ants in the country . Gamaliel Smethurst represented the county of

Cumberland at Halifax , in 1770. He returned to d 1 7 4 England and published a book i n Lon on , in 7 , describing a voyage from Nc pisiqu it to Cumberland .

None of this name, so far as we know, now reside in the country ’ Sennacherib Martyn was a captain i n Winslow s ex

di io n e pe t to capture Fort Beaus jour. He brought with him to Westmoreland Point, as slaves , a negro family, to W hom he afterwards gave their freedom , and gave them also h is name (now spelled Martin). Captain Martyn married the widow Oulton an d

li r was settled in JO c u e . He godfather to George and

Elizabeth , the children of Col . William Allan . James Law was a commissary at the fort and a n was colo el of militia . He a large property owner in Point de Bute on both sides of the ridge . Reverses fo r t Un e of came , and finally he died a parish charge . Benoni Danks represented the county of Cumber a th e n land t Halifax Assembly . Traditio says his death was caused by falling into the hold of a vessel .

The Danks left the country about the year 18 30.

Thomas Dickson was born in Dublin, and came to

Connecticut when an infant. He married a Wethered .

The Kings were from New England . They settled in Fort Lawrence , and from there removed to dif fe r e n t th e parts of country . TH NEW 5 E ENGLAND IMMIGRATION . 3

’ Jonathan Cole lived on Cole s Island an d gave his h name to t e place . He had two sons, Martin and

Ebenezer, the former of whom settled at Rockport and the latter at Dorchester . The name is still in the county . William Allan was a Scotc hman who cam e to Hali 4 fax with th e party that founded that place in 1 7 9.

He soon after came to Cumberland . John and Wink

h is His was worth Allan were sons . grant in Upper

Point de Bute , where his so n John lived when he was

' sh er ifi of Cumbe rland .

George Allan was a so n of William Allan . He had a son George , and all the other Allans are the de s e n n o f h c da t s . i n k o r t the first William . W w Allan went back to England and became a rich merchant . Brook Watson lived with h is Uncle Huston for a d w time , an as employed by the Government to assist th e in the Expulsion . He afterwards left country ,

was going to London ,where. he remarkably successful in business, and among other honors became Lord

Mayor of the city .

Jonathan and Samuel Gay were brothers . Jona than returned to New England ,but Samuel remained in the country settling near the Old Fort Beausejour . was He a very large man , measuring six feet si x inches in height, and broad in proportion . Samuel i was afterwards made a j udge . It s said that Judge ’ Gay s daughter Fanny was in Boston at the time of the se a duel between the S h an n o n and the Ch esa ea ke p , and was with the crowd that lined the shore n awaiti g the r esult . When t h e news came that the 6 TH E 3 CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

British had won , she threw up her bonnet and cheered for the victors, greatly to the annoyance of the Americans .

Daniel Gooden was a soldier in the British army , and after his discharge settled in Bay Verte , where numbers of his descendants still live .

Charles Oulton remained in Cumberland , and a large number of his descendants are still living in the W county of estmoreland .

David Burnham remained , and a number of his descendants lived in Sackville and Bay Verte for a

h as . good many years . The name now disappeared

John Fillmore was from New England, and settled o lic u r e in J . He had a large family of sons and they T h e settled in different parts of the Province . name i s still in frequent evidence . The descendants of Samuel Raymond live in ’ King s County .

' The two Chappells, Lifiy and Jabez, settled in

Bay Verte and Tidn ish . The name is still common i n these localities . ’ John Walker s grant was on Bay Verte Road , where the name was found until quite recently .

The Bonnells remained in the county for a time , ’ but afterwards removed to King s County , where the name still exists. Amos Fuller remained and the name is yet found in the county of Cumberland .

The Watsons settled in Fort Lawrence - and were very successful in business . The Eddy rebels, under ’ Commodore Ayer, sacked Mr. Watson s premises one THE NEW R 3 ENGLAND IMMIG ATION . 7

night and took the old gentleman prisoner, com 9 pelling him to carry a keg of rum to the vessel for the benefit of the sailors .

William Welch remained in the country , and his descendants are still here .

The Wards were from New England ,and remained in the country . Nehemiah lived in Sackville and kept a tavern near the Four Corners . Simeon Charters was from New England and re mained in the country . The name is still in the

Province . The Abel Richardson family came from New Eng f land . The Yorkshire family o Richardson , whose descendants are still in Sackville, did not settle there until some years later . The Bests were a New England family and the

name is still in the country . William Nesbit remained and the name i s now

found in Albert County . h Archibald Hinshelwood left t e country . i The Roe name s still in Cumberland . William Ho w was probably so n of the Ho w that was shot by the Indians under a flag of truce . None of the Procto r family now remain in the

county . There is no in formation about any of the follow i ing grantees : G deon Gardner, Sara Jones , Ebe i nezer Storer, Daniel Earl , Anthony Burk . W n dse r

Eager was from Dumfries , Scotland . It is a matter of surprise that so many names to 38 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . be found in the lists of a hundred years ago have so completely disappeared . A large number of families who came from Ne w

.

England at this time settled on the St. John River.

M u r v ill They called their settlement a g e e . The name Sunbury was subsequently given to the whole of the

Province west of Cumberland County . H n The o . Charles Burpee , of Sheffield, writes me that there were about t wo hundred families wh o at r this time found homes along the rive . Some of their names were : Perley, Barker,Burpee, Stickney ,Smith ,

Wasson , Bridges , Upton , Palmer, Co y, Estey , Esta brooks , Pickard , Hayward, Nevers , Hartt, Kenney,

Coburn , Plummer, Sage , Whitney , Quinton, Moore,

Mc Ke e n , J e we tt .

Simonds and White came to St. John some three or

e . . four y ars before the others . The Rev Mr Noble was there before the Revolution , but he did not come with the first settlers .

Largely through the influence of the Loyalists, in

1 78 4, the Province of New Brunswick was set o ff i i h from Nova Scotia, an d the M ss qu as River made the boundary between the two Provinces . This division cut the old township of Cumberland into two halves . Those who conducted the business for New

Brunswick wanted the line at La Planche , or further east ,while the Nova Scotians wanted it at the Aulae or Mi i ” ss u as h . further west. They compromised on the q

Th e e s tabli sh m e n t of t h e M iss iqua s h as t h e boun da r y be t we e n t h e t wo Pr ovi n ce s was e m i n e n t ly sat i s fact or y t o Ne w B r un s wick , b u t n o t so to Nova Scot ia,as t h e lat te r Pr ovi n ce at on ce vigor ous ly

40 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Ab e il , Messrs . William Allan, Richardson John Huston and Joh n Oates were appointe d to divide the forfeited lands in the township of Cumberland . On the 1 9th August of the same year Captain

Win c kwo r th Tonge , Joshua Winslow , John Huston ,

John Jencks, Joshua Sprague, Valentine Estabrooks and William Maxwell were appoi nted a committee to admit persons into the township of Sackville .

“ The first town meeting, or meeting of the com 2oth m itt ee , for Sackville township , took place on

2 was . July, 1 76 . It held at the house of Mrs Charity

Bishop ,who kept an inn at Cumberland . There were present Captain John Huston , Doctor John Jencks,

Joshua Sprague , Valentine Estabrooks, William Max well and Joshua Winslow . Captain Huston was made chairman and Ichabod Comstock clerk .

d e n e w n th e M i ssiqu ash R ive r , i n Cum be r lan d Bay, an t h c follo i g se ve r al cour se s of t h e sa id r ive r t o a pos t n e ar Black I slan d, t h e n ce

- - t h n or t h fift y four de gr ee s,t we n t y five m in ut e s e as t ,cr os s in g t h e sou e n d of Bla ck Islan d , t wo h un d r ed an d e igh ty - e igh t ch ain s t o t h e ’ south an gl e of Tr e n h o l m s Isl an d , t h e n ce south t h ir ty - se ve n de g r ee s e as t , e igh ty - five ch ai n s an d e igh t y - t wo li n ks t o a pos t , t h e n ce sout h se v e n t y - six de gr e e s east , for t y - six ch ai n s an d t we n t y li n ks t o t h e por tage , t h e n ce sout h S ixt y - fiv e d e gr e e s, for t y - five m i n ute s east , t h r e e h un dr ed an d n i n e ty - four ch ai n s an d for ty lin ks t o Tid n i sh B r idge ,t h e n followi n g t h e se ve r al cour se s of said r ive r , alon g i ts n or t h e r n upwar d ban k to i t s m out h , t h e n ce followin g t h e n or t h - we ste r ly ch a n n e l t o t h e d e e p wate r of t h e Bay wat e r , gi vi n g to a t a t h e n r Nov Sco i co t ol of t h e n avigable wat e r s o n Tid n is h R ive r . Th ose Wi sh i n g t o ge t full e r in for m at ion r e lat in g t o t h i s o r an y of t h e boun dar ie s Of Ne w Br un swi ck , will find t h e s ubje ct t r eat e d “ e xh aust ive ly i n a wor k just publish ed , e n t i t le d A Mon ogr aph of t h e h ” Evolut ion of t e Bou n da r ie s of t h e Pr ovi n ce of Ne w Br u n swick,

am . an n M A. P h D b F . b y Willi G o g, , . . , fr om wh ich t h e a ove facts a e r take n . NEw R 4 1 THE ENGLAND IMMIG ATION .

The conditions and locations of the proposed new grant of Sackville were of the first interest to the n ewly arrived settlers, and the proceedings were

' lar l k n g e y ta e up with settling such matters . It was resolved that a family of Six, and seven head of r 7 cattle , should have one and a half shares,o 50 acres . S l a At the next meeting, held on t August, Mr . ’ Elijah Ayers name appears as a committe eman . “ 1 At a town meeting, h eld on 8 th April , 1770, Robert Scott was appointed moderato r and Robert

a Foster, clerk . They, with John Thomas, were p pointed a committee to settle with the old committee

for the survey of the lands .

About 1 786 , the inhabitants of Sackville made a return of the state of the settlement to the Govern ment to show that if a proposed escheat was made it

would be attended with great confusion,as but few of

the grants had not been improved . The actual

settlers at that date,as set forth in the return,appear to have been as follows

L R ETTE A .

Samuel Bellew . John Peck .

Joseph Brown . John Barns .

Samuel Rogers . Ebenezer Burnham .

Samuel Saunders . Simon Baisley .

Valentine Estabrooks . Wm . Carnforth . n Andrew Kin ear . Abial Peck . h l in ks . n James J c Nathaniel S e di g . Ar h e r n ar Eleazer Olney . Job c d .

Nathan Mason . Jonathan Burnham . THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

LETTE R B .

Charles Dixon . Gilbert Seaman .

John Richardson . Joseph Read . h John Fawc ett . Wm . Carnfort .

IVr . George Bulmer. John y

M De le sde r n i r Thomas Bowser. oses e .

D r n i r e le sde e . Joseph Daniel Tingley .

Michael Burk . Wm . Laurence .

Samuel Seamans . Ben Tower.

Joseph Tower . Elijah Ayer .

Joseph Thompson . John Thompson .

Mark Patton . Eliphalet Read .

Nehemiah Ayer. Josiah Tingley .

James Cole . Jonathan Cole .

Hezekiah King. Valentine Esta brooks .

R LETTE C .

Wm . Estabrooks . Gideon Smith .

Daniel Stone . Patton Estabrooks .

. Pickering Snowdon Thomas Potter.

Nehemiah Ward . John Weldon . F . o s . . John illmore J C Lamb .

John Grace . Josiah Hicks . M Ph c e e . Angus Joseph Sears .

. aw c e tt . Wm F Benjamin Emmerson .

. Jonathan Eddy Titus Thornton . CHAPTER III .

THE YOR KS HI R E I M M I GRA TI ON .

ORKS HIRE i s g rouped as one of th e si x north c ern counties of England . Ja kson Wray calls

“ it one of the bonniest of English Shires . It has an area of square miles, making it the largest It s l county in England . present popu ation is a trifle ’ - Of over three millions . A coast line one hundred miles gives it s people a fine chance to look out on the

North Sea. The old town of Hull is the largest ship ping port. Scarboro,on the coast, is the great water

- ing place for the north of Englan d . Leeds , Sheffield , B Hull and radford are the largest towns. It is the principal seat of the woollen manufac ture in Great

- Britain . The people are self reliant and progressive . In Yorkshire to - day are to be found the oldest c o — operative corn - mills and the oldest c o operative stores in England . The practice of dividing profits among purchasers in proportion to their trade at the store i was first adopted by a Yorkshire society . This s just what might be expected from the people who, in

1 7 : 93 ,passed the following resolution Resolved , that monopolies are inconsistent with the true principles

O f commerce , because they restrain at once the spirit of enterprise and the freedom of competition, and are inj urious to the country where they exist, because ’‘ 4 IS I HM S 4 4 THE CHIGNECTO U .

the monopolist, by fixing the rate of both sale and ” purchase , can oppress the public at discretion .

Another resolution passed by the same corporation, but earlier in the century, shows our ancestors in a somewhat different light. A day of thanksgiving was appointed for the success of the British forces. The corporation attended divine service in the parish

was . church , after which it agreed to meet at Mrs ’ i ’ Owen s, at five of the clock ,to dr nk to His Majesty s ” health and further good success, the expense of the ’ evening to be at the corporation s charge .

The old Yorkshire men liked a good, honest horse

- race,and fox hunting was a favorite sport with them .

It is told of a Mr. Kirkton that he followed the b o u n ds on horseback until he was eighty, and from that period to one hundred he regularly attended the ’ unkennelling of the fox in his single chair. Scott s

Dandy Dinmont could scarcely overtop that . No “ ' one can read the Annals O f Yorkshire without being struck with the number of persons who at their death left bequests to the poor, widows getting a large share of this bounty .

John Wesley, very soon after he began his life work, found his way to Yorkshire, and nowhere had he more sincere or devoted followers , many of whom were among the first emigrants to Nova Scotia . To the England of the eighteenth century America must have presented great attraction, especially to the

- - tenant farmer and the day laborer. The farmer in

that country could never hope to own his farm ,and the wages of the agricultural laborer were so small R R R 4 5 THE YO KSHI E IMMIG ATION . that it was only by the strictest economy and the best of health that he could hope to escape the work

h i s house in old age. In America land could be had for the asking . The continent was simply waiting for“ the hands of willing workers to make it the happy home of millions. The reaction in trade after ’ the Seven Years , War made the prospect for those j ust starting in life gloo mier than ever, and many a father and mother who expecte d to end their days in

the Old Land,decided, for the sake of their children ,to face the dangers of the weste rn ocean and the trials

of pioneer life .

Charles Dixon, one of the first of the Yorkshire

“ emigrants, writes of England before he left : I saw

the troubles that were befalling my native country .

Oppressions of every kind abounded , and it was very difficult to earn bread and keep a conscience void of

O ffence . Under these circumstances, Mr . Dixon and

a number of others decided to emigrate . It is not

surprisin g, then , that when Governor Franklin,at the

invitation of th e Duke of Rutland , went down to

Yorkshire in 1 771 , to see k emigrants for Nova Scotia , he found a goodly number of persons ready to try their

fortunes in the new land . Governor Franklin did not stay long in the north

ern district, but left agents who, j udging by the number that came to Nova Scotia during the few

ensuing years , must have done their work well . Among the first of the Yorkshire emigrants to sa il for Nova Scotia was a party that left Liverpool in

the good Ship D u ke of Yo r k, on the 1 6th of March , 46 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

- 1 772. The voyage lasted forty six days, and at the end of that time the sixty - two passengers were all landed safely at Halifax . From that port they went by schooner to Chignecto, landing at Fort Cumber land on the 2l st of May .

Charles Dixon , with his wife and four children , ’ were passengers on the Du ke of Yor k. Mr. Dixon s is the only record I have seen of this voyage ,and it is

: very concise indeed . He writes We had a rough

se a passage . None of us having been to before , much

- sea sickness prevailed . At Halifax we were received with much joy by the gentlemen in general , but were

a much discour ged by others , and the account given u s of Cumberland was enough to make the stoutest ” give way . d Mr. Dixon oes not seem to h ave allowed these discouraging reports to influence him greatly , for by the 8th of June he had made a purchase of acres of land in Sackville, and moved his family there . Other vessels followed the Du ke of Yor k during 1773 and the two following years ,the largest number 1 7 7 4 . i n coming in By May of that year, two b r g a 8 tines moored at Hali fax with 2 0 passengers, and e h three more v ssels were expected . By t e last of

June nine passenger vessels had arrived . The sh ip Ada m an t at this time was the regular packet between Halifax and Great Bri tain .

As one of the passeng er vessels was from Aberdeen , it is not likely that all th e immigrants this year were from Yorkshire . At Hali fax , the women and children

48 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . difficulty in purchasing from the owners , and very quickly se t to work to adjust themselves to the new f conditions . So ef ectually did they do this, that almost every man of them succeeded in making a comfortable home for his family . The local historians of those times claim that these

' English settlers, arriving as they did just before the

Revolutionary war, saved Nova Scotia to the British

is Crown . If that the correct opinion, and we are more disposed to believe it is true than to question i ts accur

is acy ,then the British Empire more indebted to these loyal Yorkshire immigrants than history h as ever given them credit for . The Eddy rebellion proved that the New Englanders, who con stituted a large part of th e inhabitants of Chignecto previous to the arrival of the English , sympathized very generally with the revolutionists , and were ready to help their cause to the extent of taking up arms , if necessary, on its behalf. These English immig rants were not soldiers ; most of them were farmers and mechanics who h ad

- taken little part in the discussions of public questions, but they were loyal subjects of the King of Great

Britain . They always had been , and they always expected to be, loyal . The headquarters of the rebel in lion was Cumberland , and it was in Cumberland that the largest number of these Englishmen settled . 1 7 “ 7 6 . In , Mr Arbuthnot writes , There i s an ab solute necessity for troops to be sent to Fort Cum berland , Annapolis Royal , and a few to Fort Edward and Windsor for protection , with the help of His ’ Majesty s loyal subjects who consist of English far 49 THE YOR KSH I RE IMMIG RATION .

mers . A sober, religious people, though ignorant of ” the use of arms, will afford every assistance . He says the others are from New England and will join

- i n any rebellion . Murdock thinks that Arbuthnot did not judge the New England me n fairly ; that

many of them were loyal subjects of Great Britain, and did not want to be m ixed up in the trouble and discuss ion between Great Britain and her older

colonies . Whether this English immigration did for Nova

Scotia what is claimed for it or not, their su c cess in the new country as farmers and settlers forever removed from the English mind the belief

that Nova Scotia was a cold , barren and i n h o spit “ able country, fit only as a home for convicts and ” Indians . And thus it opened the way for future to settlers . It is not claiming too much say these

northern Englishmen were a super ior class of men .

- Industrious, hardy , resourceful and God fearing, they were made of the right mate rial to form the g round

work of prosperous communities, and wherever this element predominated it was a guarantee th at justice

and order would be maintained . They were not all saints— perhaps none of them were— but there was a homely honesty and a fixe dn e ss of principle about the majority of them that “ made for righteousness

wherever they were found . The most considerable addition to the populati on of Nova Scotia after th e Yorkshire i mmigration was 4 in 1 783 and 1 78 , when the United Empire Loyalists Th as came to the Province . e y left New England 4 50 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . the French left Acadia, without the choice of remain e x e r i ing . The story of their removal and bitter p emees has been told by more than one historian .

They were the righ t stamp of men , and have left their impre ss on the provinces by the sea . Among the names of those who settled at the old Chignecto were : Fowler,Knapp, Palmer, Purdy , Pugsley . After th e Loyalists there w as no marked emigration to the

Maritime Provinces till after the battle of Waterloo . The hard times in England following the war turned the attention of the people of Great Britain again to 8 1 8 America , and from 1 15 to 30 ther e was a steady stream of emigrants , particularly from Scotland to the Provinces . Northern New Brunswick received a

h r large s a e of these Scotch settlers . The Mains,

M Elm n h i Grahams, Girvins , c o s, and t e Br a ts of

Galloway and Richibucto, in Kent County , and the Bl k Scotts, Murrays , Grants, and ac lo c ks of Botsford ,

Westmoreland County ,came at this time .

An account of the wreck of a ship in 1826 , in the i Gulf of St . Lawrence, s yet told by the descendants of some of those who were coming as settlers to

Richibucto . In t h e spring of 1 8 26 a lumber vessel bound for N B Richibucto, . . , carried a number of passen gers for h t at port. When o ff the Magdalen Islands the

vessel was stove in with the ice, and the crew and passengers had to take to the boats . There w as no to time secure any provi sions, and a little package of potato starch that a la dy passen ger had been using at the time of the accident , and carried with her, was 5 1 TH E YOR KSHI R E IMMIGRATION .

th e the only thing eatable in the boats. Among pas h n st n e se n g e r s was James JO o , of Dumfries, Scotland , l and his daughter Jean, sixteen years O d . For three days and nights the boats drifted . Mr. Johnstone , who was an Old man , died from the cold and expo h i sure, and at the time of s death his daughter was lying apparently unconscious in the bottom of one of Of t the boats . On the morning the four h day a vessel bound for Miramichi discovered them and took

all on bo ard . After landing safely at Miramichi they s t ook pas sage for Richibucto . Miss John tone mar

ried John Main, of Richibucto , and was the mother

of a large family . Mrs . Main was never able to overcome h e r dread O f the se a after this dreadful

experience . The last im migrants who came to th e vicinity of the

' r ar r i v e d i n Isthmus we e from Ireland . They the

decade between 1830 and 1 840, and settled in a dis t r i t c now called Melrose . Until recently their settle

ment was known as the Emigrant Road . Some of

the names of this immigration were : Lane , Carroll ,

Sweeney , Barry , No o n e n , Mahoney and Hennessy .

They proved good settlers , industrious and saving, and many of the second generation are filling promi

- nent positions in the country . Ex Warden Mahoney,

of Melrose , and lawyers Sweeney and Riley, of Mono

ton , and Dr . Hennessy, of Bangor, Maine , are de f h scended rom t is stock . CHAPTER IV

THE E DD Y R EB EL LI ON .

HE Eddy Rebellion does not occupy much space

in history,but it was an important event in t h e district where it occurred , and in the lives of those who were responsible for it . The leaders were ff “ Colonel Jonathan Eddy,She r i John Allan , or Rebel ” John, as he was afterwards called, William Howe , and Samuel Rogers . Eddy , Rogers and Allan had f been, or were at that time members O the Assembly f at Hali ax . Allan was a Scotsman by birth , the others were from New England . The prete xt for the rebellion was the militia order of Governor Legge ; the real reason was the sympathy of the New Englanders with their brother colonists . It was represented at the Continental Congress that i x s hundred persons in Nova Scotia, whose names

. i were given , were ready to join any army wh o m gh t come to thei r help . If these six hundred names Of represented those who were an age to bear arms,

Of Ne r then the statement Arbuthnot that . the w

Eng landers were all disloyal was correct . The first step taken in opposition to Governor ’ Legge s order was to petition against its enforce ment . The petition from Cumberland referred to R 53 THE EDDY EBELLION .

as the destruc t ion O f the fort on the St . John River

“ " rather an act of inconsideration than otherwise ,

“ and then said , those O f u s who belong to New Eng t land , being invited in o this Province by Governor ’ Lawrence s proclamation , it must be the greatest piece of cruelty and imposition for them to be subjected to march into different parts in arms against their friends and relations . The Acadians among us being also under the same situation , most, if not all , having f friends distributed in dif erent parts O f America, an d Hi that done by order of s Majesty .

This petition was signed by sixty - four persons in

Cumberland , the Amherst petition was signed by

' - h k ill - fifty eight, and t e S ac v e one by seventy three .

- Fiftyone O f the petitioners were Acadians . The date 23r was December d, 1775 . Governor Legge took no other action on these peti tions than to send them at once to the British Gov er n m e n t as evi dence of the disloyalty O f the Province , and at the same time he wrote to the Earl Of Dartmouth that some persons had spread the report that he was trying to draw the militia to Halifax that he might transport them to New England and m “ make soldiers of the . He also adds, The con sequence Of such reports influenced the whole country , so tha t many companies O f the militia have refused to assemble , ending in these remonstrances which here in a public manner have been transmitted to ” your Lordship . As soon as it became known to the petitioners that

Governor Legge would not cancel the militia order, 54 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . and that the petitions had been forwarded to Down

h t m e ing Street, it was decided to elect delegates o e t in Cumberland to take into consideration what steps r should next be taken . Acco dingly , representatives appointed by the petitioners met at In ve r m a, the

' S h e r ifl home of Sheriff Allan . Jonathan Eddy and

Allan were there as members O f the convention , and took especial pains to urge upon the meeting that the time had arrived for decided action . Ei ther they must cast in their lot with their friends in

Massachusetts and Connecticut, or they must be loyal to the British Government . They also made it clear t hat they could not hold the country against the r British without hel p from their f iends. The decision must have have been in favor of independent action, as almost immediately Colonel Eddy started for New England with the inte ntion Of securing help from that quarter. Allan remained for a while longer in the country, but h i s outspoken sympathy wi th the rebel cause was soon reported to the Government and m steps were taken to have h i arrested . About this time Rogers’ and Allan’s seats in the

Legislature were declared vacant, and a reward Of two hundred pounds was O ffered for the appreh ension of Eddy and one hundred pounds each for Al lan , ’ Rogers, and Howe . Allan s biographer, in writing O f

“ this period in his life , says , His life being now in danger, he resolved to leave the Province for the revolted colonies ; but previous to h i s departure he made several excursions among the Indians to the northward and by his influence secured for the rebel

56 THE O HIGNEOTO ISTHMUS . showed the advantage it would be to the rebels if , by sending out an armed force , they could take posses sion O f the western part Of Nova Scotia . This the

Council promised to do .

After giving this advice, Allan himself set out to show what could be done by raiding the loyal settlers on the Ri ver St . John . This expedition was not very successful ,and Colonel Allan was glad to get back to

‘ Maine, and take up the duties of h i s new position as

Superintendent of the Eastern Indians . He made i Machias h s headquarters, and to the end of his life, which came in the year 1805 , he remained a resident of the State of Maine .

Beamish Murdoch, the historian of Nova Scotia, in “ a letter to a relative of Colonel John Allan, says : If the traditi ons I have heard about John Allan are cor rect, he could not have been much over twenty - one As years old in 1 775 . he had no New England h i ancestors, s escapade must be attributed to ambi tion, romance, or pure zeal for what he thought was just and right. For the feelings against the Crown in Nova Scotia in 1 775 were confined to the Acadian

French, who resented the conquest, the Indians who were attached to them by habit and creed, and to the ” settlers who were emigrants from Ne w England .

. was Mr Murdoch mistaken in the age of Allan . John Allan was born in Edinburgh Castle at about Of half after one the clock, on January 3 rd, 1 746

. was 5th . (O and baptized on the by Mr Glasgow . He thus must have been in h i s 3oth year when he n joi ed the Eddy rebels. 5 THE EDDY R EBELLION . 7

After Colonel Eddy ’s interview with Colonel Allan in Machias Bay, he pushed on to Cumberland , and landed in Petitcodiac . His little army had increased considerably since he left Machias . At the mouth of the Petitcodiac River h e statione d a small force to watch for any rein forcements that might be coming Of to Fort C u mberland . With the main body his followers he start ed overland for Chignecto, after he had supplied h is commissariat from the loyal settlers along the ri ver. They crossed the Memramcook well up to the head of that river, and took a straight course for Point

Midgie . Then g oing through the woods above the Jo li c u r e f Lakes , they came to the home o Colonel

M r s . Allan , in Upper Point de Bute . Allan and her children were still there, and there was no disposition on the part O f the inhabitants Of Jo li c u r e to interfere m in any easure against the rebels . At Allan ’s it was learned that a vessel with pro visions had been seen i n th e bay, heading for Fort e e Cumb rland . Eddy sent a numb r of scouts down , W ith instructions to capture the vessel . Under the cover O f darkness and a thick fog, they were able to locate the sloop in Cumberland Creek without being

- seen by the men on the look out. In the early morn ing, when the leader Of the scouts suddenly levelled his gun at the one man on deck , and called out, If ” you move you are a dead man, the surprise was com le te p ,and the man obeyed orders . The rebels boarded

As the sloop, and soon had all hands in irons . it grew lighter, and the fog cleared away, Captain - 58 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Baron and missionary Egleston from the fort came down ,to the vessel , suspecting nothing, and were both made prisoners . Egleston was taken to Boston, and remained a prisoner for eighteen months. As soon as the tide turned the vessel floated out of

Mi si u ash . Cumberland Creek, and head e d for the s q The Union Jack was hauled down and the Stars and

Stripes run up in i ts place .

This capture greatly elated the rebels , furnishing f them , as it did , with supplies, O which they probably stood in considerable need . The sloop could run up the M issiqu ash near to the farms of the Eddys,

Jonathan and William , who at the time owned most of the upper part of Fort Lawrence .

Colonel Eddy n o w decided to lose no time, but attack the fort at once . His army camped at Mount

Whatley, near where the residence O f David Carter n o w stands. Mount Whatley was called Camp Hill for n Of a umber years after this . While these things were being done by the rebels the Eng lish were not idle . A hundred and fifty regulars, under Colonel Gorham , had been sent to assist the garrison and strengthen th e defences of the fort . When all was ready in the rebel camp , Colonel Eddy sent the following summons to Lieutenant

Colonel Gorham , demanding h i s surrender :

TO E — s o m m an dt . Joseph Gorham , q , Lieut . Colonel C

of the Royal Fencibles Americans , Commanding Fort Cumberland

' The already too plentiful Efl u sio n of Human Blood in the Unhappy Contest between Great Br itain THE EDDY REBELLION . 5 9

and the Colonies ,calls on every one engaged on either ' side , to u se their utmost Efforts to prevent th e Un natural Carnage , but the Importance of the Cause on the side of America h as made War necessary,and its

Consequences, though in some Cases shocking,are yet t h e Of unavoidable . But to Evidence that Virtues humanity are carefully attended to, to temper th e Fortitude Of a Soldier, I have to summon you in th e Name of the United Colonies to surrender the Fort now under your Command, to the Army sent under me by the States of America . I do promise that if you sur render Yours elves as Prisoners O f War you may depend upon being treated with the utmost Civility and Kind Treatment ; if you refuse I am determined to sto r m e the Fort, and you must abide the consequences . Your answer is expected in four Hours after you receive this and the Flag to Return safe .

“ I am Sir,

t . H l v d b . r Your most Obe e S e t . ,

JONA EDDY, Commanding Officer of the

United Forces .

10 1 . Nov . , 776

He received the following in reply

B R R l o h . 1 7 FO T CUM E LAND, t Nov , 76 .

S IR , I acknowledge the receipt O f a Letter (under coular f O a Flagg of Truce) Signed by one Jonan Eddy , Com O manding fficer, expressing a concern at the unhappy Contest at present Subsisting between Great Britain and the Colonys, and recommending those engaged on either side to use their Endeavors to prevent the 6 0 THE CHIGN ECTO ISTHMUS .

' too Plenti ful e fl u sio n of human Blood , and further Summoning the Commandi n g O ffi cer to surrender thi s garrison . From t h e Co m m e n c e m e n t o ft h e se Contest I h av e fe lt for my d eluded Brother Subjects and Countrymen O f

America, and for the many Innocent people they have wantonly Involved in the Horrors O f an Unnatural

Rebellion, and entertain every humane principle as well as an utter aversion to the Unnecessary effusion of Christian Blood . Therefore Command you in His ’ Majesty s name to disarm yo urself and party Imme ’ i l h e d a te y and Surrender to t King s Mercy , and further desire you would communicate the Inclosed

Manifests to as many O f the Inhabitants you can ,and as Speedily as possible to prevent their being involved an d in the Same dangerous Unhappy dilemma . l Be assured , Si r, shall never dishonour the char acter of a Soldier by Surrendering my command to any Power except to that of m y Sovereign from whence it originated . I am , Sir ,

l Your most h b e ser vt,

o s. R J GO HAM , ’ L - t . Col Com at, R . F . A

Commanding Officer at Fort Cumberland .

’ The following i s Colonel Eddy s own account of the first attack on Fort Cumberland , given in Eastern

“ ’ Maine (Kidder, p . 6 9) Upon Colonel Gorham s Re fusal to surrender we attempted to storm the Fort t h e O f 1 2 in Night the th Nov . with our scaling

Ladders and other Accoutrements,but fi nding t h e Fort to be stro nger than we i magined (occasioned by late R e ai r w p s), e thought fit to Relinquish our Design after 1 THE EDDY R EBELLION . 6

a heavy firing from their Great Guns and small Arms , 2 with Intermission for Hours, which we Sustained

without any Loss (except one Indian being wounded),

who behaved very gallantly, and Retreated in good

Order to our Camp .

Previous to the first attack on the place , Eddy had arranged with an Indian to sneak into the fort and O pen the main gate he would have his men ready to k rush in and ta e the place by assault . While the attack was in progress the Indian got into the place and w as in the act Of unbarring the gates when he

was discovered by Major Dickson . The major spoiled the little scheme by slashing the Indian’s arm with

i as h s sword , which left him maimed for life . The sailan ts soon after this retreated without any very

serious loss .

In another attack , made a few days later , the large barracks on t h e south - east side O f the fort were se t

on fire , in the hope that i t would communicate with

i s the magazine . It said a trai tor in the rebel camp f h l warned the English O t e second attack . This a so

failed , but the barracks and a number of houses near

the fort were burned . Before the rebels had a chance to make a third

attack, a sloop O f war arrived in the Basin with four d hun red men to reinforce the garrison . Colonel Eddy seems not to have heard of the arrival of these

troops . Their presence, however, enabled Col . Gor f was ham to take the O f ensive , and the rebel camp

attacked . Eddy did not wait to try the mettle of his f men, but got away with the loss O one man. With 6 2 THE OHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . as many of h is followers as he could hold together he hastened toward Bay Verte . A short distance beyond th e In v er m a Farm , a squad took ambush in a thicket near a bridge , an d when the regulars in pur suit were crossing the bridge the party fired a voll ey , killing several Of the soldiers and wounding others . This so incensed the troops that they returned and ’ set fire to Sheriff Allan s house , which was burned to the ground,together with a number of other build ings in the neighborhood . Mrs . Allan and her chil dren escaped to the woods, where they remained until hunger compelled them to come out . She was h r found some days after this by e father, Mark

Patton , h aving lived for some time on baked potatoes picked up around the burned dwelling ,and was taken M r A h i th e . s to s home not far from fort . llan was not allowed to remain long with her father, but was carried a prisoner to Halifax . She remained only in Halifax a few months when she was given her liberty

M a h i and rejoined her husband at c a s.

Eddy , after going in the direction of Bay Verte for some time , finding he was not pursued , turned his steps toward Point Midgie ,where he had called while h i on s march to Chignecto . From there he made his M a h i way back to c a s . Just what route he pursued,or

d ffi i s how great the i cult e he met with in this long , tiresome journey, h as never been given to th e M ac h ai s public . , until the close of the war, w as the rendezvous Of privateers and all manner of adventurers , both before and after the arrival of ’ Eddy and Allan . Colonel Eddy s escape from Chig

M 6 4 THE OHIGNECTO ISTH US .

rounded the house Of Mr . Obediah Ayer, who was in sympathy with the rebels, and set fire to his place, intending to burn the inmates . Mrs . Ayer was warned by her neighbors and escaped to the woods with her baby in her arms . After the raiders departed she with her children found a temporary home with a neighbor. Her husband did not dare appear for many days, but hid in the woods by day and visited his family at night .

n The raid of Allan on the St . John gave the Gover ment uneasiness in that quarter for some time longer . A s mentioned before, there were two Eddys , Jonathan and William . They owned adjoining farms in Fort

Lawrence . The upper road leading from Fort Lawrence to Amherst still bears the name of the Eddy Road It was probably made through the

Eddy grant,and the Eddys may have been i n str u i n its mental construction .

It is related that William Eddy , after the rebellion , came back to Fort Lawrence to settle h i s business h is and take wife and family out of the country . To escape being made a prisoner at that time he kept hid in a hay - stack in the day - time and visited his home during the night. One night the soldiers who were watching saw him enter the house and at once sur

rounded the place, sending in two of their number o u t to bring the prisoner. Mrs . Eddy would gi ve no ’ h u sban d s wh e r e ab o u knowledge of her ; t s. The house was thoroughly searched, but the man could not be

. found The soldiers were dumbfounded . The fact is, Mr s . th that when Eddy saw e soldiers coming, she 6 5 THE EDDY R EBELLION . told her husband to cover himself in a bin O f grain in the chamber and place‘ h i s mouth close to a crack on the side of the bin over which had been tacked a piece Of list to prevent the grain from coming out . She would tear Off the list and that would give him

as . air to breathe . Her husband did directed When the Officer who was making the search came to the

“ - grain bin he thrust his sword into it, and said , He is not there . Mr. Eddy said afterwards that the sword went between his body and arm,so near was he being made a prisoner .

In v e r m a, the home of Sheriff Allan, is now owned , in part, by Councillor Amos Trueman, and i s still O f called by that name . It consisted at that time three hundred and forty - eight acres O f marsh and upland and was no doubt part Of the Allan grant Of f’ 176 3 . Besides the Sherif s own house there were six or seven small houses occupied by Acadian families as tenants,also two large barns and four smaller ones . ’ Allan s wife was Mary Patton , t h e daughter of

Mark Patton , who was at one time a large property Missi u ash owner on the Isthmus . Patton Point,in the q valley , still goes by his name . His home farm joined the glebe lands Of the parish , and was afterwards bought by William Trueman and given to his son,

Thomas . I find the following entry in William True ’ man s journal , referred to elsewhere

- Old Mrs . Patton was buried at the burying ground by Thomas Trueman, July 31 st , in the 92n d year of ” her age . ’

l . This lady was no doubt Mrs . A lan s mother She 5 66 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . had continued to live at the old place after Thomas as w as Trueman had taken possession , and this in the

- year 1 8 08 , she had lived thirty two years after her daughter left the country . e The question h as been asked , would it not have b en better for the northern half o f thi s continent if the Eddy rebellion had succeede d and what is now Canada had become one country with the Un ited States " The name Americans could then fairly h ave been claimed by the citizens of the great Republic and a people whose interests and aspirations are identical , and whose religion , language and customs are the same ,would have been u nited in carrying out

- the destiny of the An glo Saxon in America . This may sound very well , but event s have transpired in the last hundred and twenty - fi ve years that point unmistakably to th e conclusion that the God of history intended this northern land called Canada to work out i t s own destiny independent of the southern

Republic . At the period of the Eddy rebellion Nova Scotia was still in the cradle and had no grievances to redress . New Brunswick as a Province had no existence . Never in all history had a conquered country been treated so justly by the victors as had Quebec. Ontario at this time was but a western d wil erness. It will thus be seen that there would have been no justification for the new settlers in this northern land to have joined hands with the thirteen O lder colonies . Another preliminary objection can be found in the O f th e situation Loyalists O f 1 783 , from the fact that 6 THE EDDY REBELLION . 7 one Of the grandest band of exiles that was ever driven from fireside and country would have found no place on the continent t o make new homes for themselves . This would have placed them in infinitely worse circumstances than that body of noble men and women O f another race that twenty - eight years earlier in the century had been driven out as exiles to wander in hardship and want on that sa me N ew h England coast. T ese Loyalists brought to Canada the sterling principle , the experience in loca l Govern ment, the sturdy , independent manhood and business experience and energy which this northern land needed to make it one Of the most prosperous and

' n r best go ve r n e d c o u t i e s in the world . TO think what Canada would have been without the Loyalists helps one to see more clearly how fortunate it was that the

Eddy rebellion was crushed . The British Empire may owe more to the loyal Yorkshire emigrants than has ever been fairly accorded to them . Canada as a coterie of colonies furnished Great Britain with a training school for her statesmen that she did not otherwise possess . In this way - British North America has been the . prime factor in placing Great Britain first among the Of f nations the world in the government O colonies . It is true English ministers and English governors made mistakes and had much to learn be fore the e present syst m was fully adopted , but the descend ants of the Loyalists and those who remained true to th e Crown during the stormy years O f the R e vo lu tion were not likely to stir up strife without a just 68 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

cause . And is it claiming too much to say that to Canada’s remaining loyal in 1 776 is due to a very large extent the proud position Great Britain holds to - day as the mother of nations, the founder of the greatest colonial empire the world has yet seen " There are those who believe that the principle of equality and fraternity, of government by the people and for the people , the freedom for which the Pilgrim Fathers faced the stormy Atlantic and for which h Washingto n fought against such O dds, as been worked out in fuller measure and j uster proportions in Canada than in the United States . Canada has helped greatly to emphasize the truth , only yet half understood by the world , that it makes little di ffer ence whether the chief ruler of a country i s called president, king or emperor, or whether the govern ment is called a monarchy or republic. These are but W i s incidents . hat important , what is essential , if freedom is to be won and maintained , is that the people understand their rights and have the courage It to maintain them at any sacrifice . was the leaven of freedom working in the lump of the British people ’ that gave the world the Magna Charta, Montford s rebellion , Cromwell and the Commonwealth, the f 8 Revolution O 1 68 , and the still greater Revolution of 1776 . This last event broke from the parent stem one O f the strong branches of the Anglo - Saxon family , and gave each an opportunity to work out in different ways the ideals after which both were striving. And who will say that the descendants Of Crom 6 THE EDDY REBELLION . 9

lli ' we an s and Quakers , Nonconformists and Church men , whose ancestors, from force of circumstances or love of country remained in their island home , are not to - day breathing th e air of freedom as pure and unadulterated as their cousins on the banks of the Charles or in the valleys of the historic Brandy wine . At any rate, we who live in this northern country , that escaped the cataclysm Of 1776 , feel that Canada h as been no unimportant factor in helping to work out the great problem of government for and by the consent of the governed . CHAPTER V .

TH E FIRS T CH UR CHES OF TH E IS THM US

HE spiritual interests of the people of Old Chig ’ - n e ct o have always been well looked after. One Of the first white men to v isit the Isthmus with a View to settlement was a priest, and th e man who wielded the largest influence in and around Fort Beausejo u r during the last years of the Fren ch o c c u

- f pat io n was a priest, the vicar general O Canada. In more than one instance the assistance promised to the colonists in Acadia by the wealthy was provisional upon the conversion of the Indians to Christianity . During the French period three chapels were erected

— Tan r am ar on the Isthmus one at the Four Corners, t ,

B in one at Fort Beausejour,and one at e au b ass . These chapels were burned during the taking Of Beausejour and the expulsion of the Acadians . The be ll on the chapel at the Four Corners was buried by the Aca dians at the intersection of two lin es drawn from four springs to be seen in that locality yet. Some years after a party of Acadians, on getting the consent of .

Wm . Fawcett, who in the meantime had come into possession of the land , dug up the bell and carried it F to Memramcook . The late ather Lefebre exchanged i it for a larger one . It is bel eved that the bell from

72 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

E l O f . e so n or destroyed, so that from the arrival Mr g down to 1 794 very little i s known Of the local history of the denomination . i 4 in 2 th In 1 79 a m e e t g was held on the 7 February , at or near Fort Cumberland , and the following

“ business was transacted : Messrs . Gay , Siddall and Brownell were appointed a committee to prepare plans for a church , to be erected at once on the town t ” plot, and to ob ain subscriptions . The new church

- was to be 46 feet long and 3 4 feet wide, with 1 9 foot

M Mo n a l M r d posts . Messrs . Gay, c g e and c Ca y to be ’ the Building Committee . This is the old St. Mark s

Church, that stood so long at Mount Whatley . The first list of subscribers were

am e n £3 in n e m Willi All , , pi lu b e r . S am e Ga 3 i n t m e r u l y, £ , i b .

R a h S a 3 in lp idd ll , £ , ti m b e r. T s K n a £3 i n raw n t itu pp , , d i g s on e .

J am e s Law £3 i n r aw n s n , , d i g to e .

e Br wn e 1 l in J £ 0s . m rry o ll , , t i b e r .

£3 10 The cost of the church,when finished,was . Of 1 0 this amount the people subscribed £ 7 . The Bishop of Nova Scotia gave £70,and there remained a debt of £70.

n so Havi g succeeded well in building the church , a meeting was called, at the request of Rev . Mr .

, Willoughby to provide a house for the clergyman . 1 5 His request was granted, and in 7 9 , Mr. Milledge being then the resident minister, the church - wardens agreed to pay two - thirds of the amount of rent for 73 THE FIRST CHURCH ES o r THE ISTHMUS . the house in which he was living until the parsonage was built .

At a meeting of the vestrymen in 1796 , the school lands O f the parish were rented to Spiller Fillim o r e n o w for £7 58 . These lands bring an annual rental ’ 1 - 2 1 8 0 Of . of $ 00. In the church wardens St Mark s church were

Amos Fowler. Samuel Gay .

James Ryan . John Trenholm .

a . . Harmon Trueman . Ch s Oulton

LM ar d . S am u e c C y. Jas Hewson . Willi am i n l William Copp . T g ey.

Geo . Wells . Thos . Trueman .

Bill Chappell .

2n d 1 81 8 At a meeting held Nov . , , it was resolved to take down the church and rebuild , making the

dtb thirty feet. No reason is given for this strange proceeding . The contrac tors for the work were

Wm . Jones, Henry Chapman, and Thos. Trenholm .

This building stood until 1 880, when a new build ing of more modern architecture was erected on the same site, where it stands tod ay . The names of the clergymen who have been resident or had the over f sight O the church in Westmoreland since 1752, as far as can be found, are given below

- 1 5 2 6 . Mr. Wood , 7 J . W . D . Gray .

759. . . . 1 1 83 1 Thos Wilkinson , R B Wiggins, .

'

Tifls 1 60. . . Joshua , 7 G S . Jarvis l E o n 1 . s 6 9 . e 7 . John g , R B Wiggins . 4 1 . 9 . Mr. Willoughby , 7 Geo Townshend . S 74 TH E CHIGNECTO ISTHMU .

John Milledge, 1 795 . Robert Donald .

80 . 1 5 . Mr . Perkins, Richard Simonds

22 s . . 18 . Rev . C . Milner, Cha Lee

2- 1 2 Donald Bliss, 1 85 90 . The following entries referring to church matters ’ are from Mr. Wm . Trueman s Journal — July 26th , 1 803 Rev . Mr. Gray preached at the

3 v . church, from Proverbs 6 c . , , Humble thyself and make sure thy friend Mr. Gray was probably a visiting clergyman . “ — 1 8 1 6 th W1 1 I 1am was July , 06 , Oct. Allan buried at the church - yard at Camp Hill , attended by a large concourse of people . Mr . Milledge preached a sermon . “ — December 25th ,1 806 (Christmas Day) M r . Bam ford preached at Stone Meeting House (Methodist), and after, Mr . Perkins administered the sacrament . f ” The house was full O people . As far as i s known there was not a resident Epis copal clergyman in Amherst until 1 823 . Christ Church was erected that year on the county court 18 42 f O f house ground . In , through the ef orts Canon

Townshend, a n e w church was built on the present

. w . site Rev . J . W . D . Gray as the first clergyman 1 4 The Rev . Canon Townshend came to Amherst in 83 , h i and held the rectorship until s death .

METHODISTS .

A letter written from England to Mr. Wm . True 1 man, Prospect, in 776 , asks if the adherents of the Methodist societies have any place of worship to go to,or do they meet among themselves according to 75 THE FI RST CH URCHES OF THE ISTHMUS .

the u sua l way of the Methodists . The reply would be that they met amongst t hem selve s , a s ther e is no n record of a meeti g house until some years later . The Methodists of the early Yorkshire emigration at first met quietly at the home Of one Of their num 1 ber for their services . In 779 religious interest

- deepened, and a wide spread revival began . Meet ings were held , followed by encouraging results . f Among the new Converts was Wni . Black, O Amherst, afterwards Bishop Black . It is recorded that at a ’ 1 8 quarterly meeting held, in 7 0, at Wm . Trueman s,

Wm . Black received a great blessing, and although only a young man , he took fr om that time a promi

nent part in the meetings of the neighborhood .

Three young men, S c u r r , Wells, and Fawke n de r ,

agreed with Wm . Black to vi sit in turn,each Sabbath,

the settlements of Prospect, Fort Lawrence , and 1 80 Amherst. From 7 until after the first Methodist

Conference of the Maritime Provinces, in 1 78 6 , O f Wm . Black had charg e the Cumberland Circuit, which included from Wallace (then Ram sh ag ) to

Petitcodiac,taking in Bay Verte and Cape Tormentine . In 1 78 2 the membershi p of the circuit numbered

- 1 8 6 was eighty two . In 7 the first Conference held at

Halifax . ac Shortly before Conference Mr . Bl k, with his

family, moved to Halifax , leaving in his piace , at

d n f Gr au i O . . Cumberland, Mr. , New Jersey Mr Grandin was sent back to C u mberland by the Con O f ference . He was assisted by John Black , Amherst,

1 78 . Gr au din brother of Wm . Black . In 7 Mr was 76 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

removed and h i s place taken by Mr . James Mann . That year land was bought on which to build a chapel , and in 1 78 8 the first Methodist church in

Canada was built at Point de Bute . It stood some what back from the road in the present cemetery .

f . The house was O stone , with a roof of thatch The following is the deed of the property on which the house was built

f This Indenture , made this eighteenth day O Sep

- tember, one thousand seven hundred and eighty eight, ’ and i n the twenty - eighth year of His Majesty s reign , between William Chapman , O f Point de Bute, O f the h Of one part, and t e Rev . Mr . John Wesley, London, of the other part, witnesseth , that in consideration of

five shillings currency, by the said John Wesley to the said William Chapman , truly paid before the sealing and delivering hereof, the receipt whereof the said William Chapman doth hereby acknowledge and for divers other considerations him thereunto moving, the said William Chapman hath granted, bargained and sold, and by these presents doth bargain and sell unto the said John Wesley and hi s successors in the Methodist line forever, one acre of land , situated and lying in the County of Westmore land , and Province of New Brunswick , bounding on E the west on land belonging to James Law , sq. , and on the south on the main road leading from Fort

Cumberland to the Bay Verte , together with all privileges to the said premises appertaining and all the profits thereof with the right, title and interest d in Law an Equity , to have and to hold the said acre h im of land , to the said John Wesley and h is succes sors in the Methodist Line forever , and to be appro

r iat e d - p for a preaching House and burying ground, and other conveniences that shall be judged neces ' F 7 THE FI RST CHUR CHES O THE ISTHMUS . 7 sary to accommodate the same under the inspection and direction Of the general assistant or the preacher by Conference stationed on the Circuit, together with Es we r i n Wm . Wells, Thomas Watson , q , Richard Lo so , lki Fa n th e r . e George , Wm . Trueman ,jun , St phen Read , and James Metcalf to be Trustees to act in concert, and those to be only Trustees as long as th ey adhere to the Doctrine and Discipline O f the said John Wesley and h i s connection , and in case O f death or failure Of any of these particulars the preacher i s to nominate one a in his room . Furthermore ,the said William Chapm n , h is o for himself, heirs, executors and administrat rs , doth covenant to and with the said John Wesley and i h s successors,the before mentioned demised premises, against the lawful claim or demand of any person or persons whatsoever ,to warrant and secure and defend by these presents,in witn ess whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal . Bargained year before written .

Signed , sealed and delivered , in presence O f

LAW JAMES , WILLIAM CHAPMAN . LAW SALLY JANE CHAPMAN .

V

AY M i s i a r . JAMES V R , s o n y

James Wray, an Englishman , ordained and sent

u 1 8 was th e o t by Wesley , arrived in 78 . He first

ordained M ethodist minister in Cumberland . Previous ’ to this t h e sacrament of the Lord s Supper was

administered by the Episcopal clergyman . This M same year r . Black, Mr. John Mann, and Mr. James

t o . Mann went Philadelphia an d were ordained Mr .

Mann and Mr. Wray were both on the Cumberland f r circuit o a year, and Mr . James Mann remained in

1 1 h as . charge until 79 , when e w followed by Mr 1 . 93 1 79 . Whitehead From 7 until 7 Mr Early , Mr, 78 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

John Black and Mr . Benjamin Wilson were each at was times preachin g in the Stone Chapel . Mr. Wilson

1 799. alone in 1 798 , and assisted by Mr. Cooper in In 1800 Joshua Marsden came out from England and was sent to the Cumberland circuit, where he labored for three years . The following are from the journal before referred

— r h 1 802,May 9th M . Marsden preac ed his farewell sermon at the Stone Meeting House . “ — May 1 0th M r . Marsden set out for Conference .

r Mr . Wm . Bennet followed Mr. Ma sden, coming i directly from England to Cumberland , arr ving at ’

Tr u ei n an s 26th . Mr. on June

“ 2 h — M r an d June 6t . Bennet arrived at our house

n r m ar went to Ta t a . “ — m 27th M r . Bennet preached his first ser on at

Tan t r am r a . “ July 8th— This day was appointed by the Govern ment as a day of thanksgiving for the blessings Of peace . Mr. Bennet preached at the Amherst Court 12 1 House from Romans c . v . to a crowded and atten ” tive audience . The church at this time was in a fairly good

financial condition . Point de Bute was then head quarters for the ministers, it and Sackville being the most important places in the circuit . Mr. Mann n visited Poi t de Bute in 1 803, preaching at the Stone 2n d 1 6th House on May , also June . “ l 6 t h June , Mr . Mann p reached at Mr. Wells 26th — June M r . Mann preached at the Stone ” o House morning and evening to a crowded h use .

HIGN 80 THE C ECTO ISTHMUS.

1840 Williams, who remained two years . In the

Sackville District was divided , th e Point de Bute

Circuit consisting of Point de Bute, Fort Lawrence ,

Bay Verte and Cape Tormentine . The Cumberland Ci rcuit h ad been di vided before this (as early as but the exact date cannot be found . Below is a list of the ministers who have been resident in the Point de Bute Circuit since 1 8 40 '

L i 1 4 - 2 e t 8 0 1 84 . Wm . gg ,

8 - 1 42 1 84 . Geo: Millar, 3 Parsonage built.

184 - 1 44 R . Williams, 3 8 .

1 844 - 18 4 Sampson Busby , 7 .

h 1 84 - 18 5 Wm . Smit son, 7 0.

1 8 - 1 8 50 53 . Geo . Johnson,

- . 5 Wm Smith, 18 3 1 8 56 .

- . 1 8 5 1 8 T H . Davies, 6 60.

1 8 60- 1 8 6 1 John Snowball, . Point de Bute Circuit again divided .

18 - 1 Michael Pickles, 6 1 863 .

- . 1 8 Chas Stewart, 63 18 6 5 .

- . 1 1 Geo Butcher, 86 5 866 .

1 86 - 1 8 8 Robert Duncan , 6 6 .

8 - . 1 8 1 Wm Wilson, 6 870.

- . . w 1 8 0 18 Jas G Ang in, 7 73 . Present parsonage built .

18 3 - 1 8 Douglas Chapman, 7 76 .

1 8 6 - 1 8 79 Edwin Mills, 7 .

- . . 1 8 1 8 8 2 Geo W Fisher, 79 . Present church built 1 8 8 1 in .

- s . 1 88 2 1 884 Tho Marshall , .

- . . 1884 1885 W W Lodge, . R 8 1 THE FI RST CHU CHES OF THE ISTHMUS .

8 5 - 1 88 k 18 8 . S . R . Ac man ,

- 1 888 1 891 . Jas . Crisp ,

8 - 1 91 1 8 94 . F . H . W . Pickles,

1 4 - 1 8 8 96 . . 9 J . A Clark ,

1 8 - 189 96 . T . L. Williams , 7

18 - 1 8 8 Jo s . Seller, 97 9 .

1 - 1 898 1 90 . D . Chapman , 1 1 90 . Thos . Marshall ,

Th e first Methodist church in Sackville stood a ’ little north Of Philip Palmer s farm . It was

O pened in 1 790 by Rev . James Mann . Previous to that date the preaching place h ad been a small school ’ house , which stood near the place where J . L . Black s store now stands . The new building served its pur

'

- pose for t wenty eight years . Then another was ’ built at Crane s Corner,on the same site as the present church . The following extracts from the Sackville Circuit Book O f 1 801 - 1 8 1 1 may prove interesting

R QUA RTE LY M EETING .

POINT DE BUTE , August 28th , 1 802. 1 ( ) Q. Who is the general ste ward for the cir

" A. cuit William Trueman . Elected . 2 i " ( ) Q. Who s steward for Sackville A. John

Fawcett . Elected . " 3 . ( ) Q Who is steward for Dorchester A. John

Weldon . Elected . i s Q. Who steward for Amherst and the

A. Rivers . Thomas Roach . Elected . 6 8 2 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

’ N (5) Q. How shall Mr. Bennett s expenses to ew " A York be paid . Let it be approved by the next

Conference . e (6 ) Q. When and where shall the n xt quarterly " ’ meeting be held A. At W . Fawcett s, Sackville, 8 January 9th , 1 03 .

R R EET1NG QUA TE LY M .

“ r 1 8 1 December 3 d, 0.

Q. Where shall a house be built for the circuit " preacher A. In Sackville , on the lands given by

Es . C . Dixon , q , and John Harris “ S " A Q. How hall the expenses be borne . By a subscription begun first in Sackville .

h e Q. Of what material shall the said house built

A. Of brick, except the cellar wall , which shall be made of stone . . “ Q. Who shall be appointed to provide stone and timber during the winter previous to the next quar t e r l " A y meeting . Charles Dixon and Rich . Bowser to see it provided out of the subs cription . The said timber to be got for a house 34 by 24 .

Q. Shall the collections made in the Stone Chapel go to the discharging of the debt due to Mr. True man for the care of the said chapel " A. Yes, and also to the providing of wood for said chapel .

R R QUA TE LY MEETING . h 18 SACKVILLE, March 9t , 1 1 .

. s M 1 8 10 Q Shall the minute of Dec . . . , , respect ’ Q

h e . ing preacher s house agreed to by this Q . M . A F E 8 3 THE FI RST CHURCHES O TH ISTHMUS.

Yes, we are agree d that the house shall be built upon the grounds given by Messrs . Dixon and Harris . b " Q. Who shall e the trustees of the said house

r . . r . A. John Fawcett, J , Chas Dixon , J , Edwin Dixon,

Esq . ,Rich . Bowser and Thomas Roach , Esq . A Q. Who shall we employ to build the house .

J r . Chas . Dixon , , who has engaged to finish it in a workmanlike manner for £200, accordi n g to plan , 24 f 5 . O N B. 3 . , ft by , one story and half high and brick .

BAPTISTS.

In 1 763 a Baptist church at Swansea , Mass , left in a body and settled in Sackville , bringing their pastor Al with them . They numbered thirteen members . f as 1 1 most all O them returned to M sac husetts in 77 . The Baptists were the fir s t - Protestant denomination in Sackville , but had no church building until 1 8 abo ut the year 00. That year Joseph Crandall organized th e chu rch ,and they at once proceeded to e er ct a building in which to worship . The site chosen was at the Four Corners . The church which replaced 1 8 w this one in 30 as called Beulah . The fir st Baptist association for New Brunswick N 8 10 and ova Scotia met in Sackville in 1 . Sackville was represented by Elders Jo s . Crandall and Jonathan

r . Wm L s . a Jo . Cole, and by Mess s . wrence and Read

- There were twenty two elders and messengers present, r e r e representing fourteen churches . Amongst the p se n ta ti ve s were Fathers Murray and Hardin g, and Peter Crandall , Nathan Cleveland and Elijah 1 8 10 Estabrooks . A letter published in August, , by 8 4 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

Am er i can Ba ti st M a a Rev . David Merrill , in the p g zi n e,reports h is visit to the Association , in Sack ville, as a member of the Lincoln Asso ciation, Maine . He i s jubilant with h ope for the new work and exclaims ” in triumph, Babylon appears to be in full retreat . is It said that at a revival service in the Beulah Church , 1 22 in 8 , conducted by Fathers Crandall, Tupper and

M c Cu lly, twenty - five persons were immersed in ’ Morris s millpond . During the service a woman stood up to exhort, handing her infan t of six months to a bystander. The woman was Mrs . Tupper, and the infant the future Sir Charles Tupper. This must ’ have been Sir Charles s first appearance in public life . The Baptist Church in Amherst was organized 1 8 10 h e about , or perhaps a year or two earlier, by t

. OS . Rev J Crandall . To the Association in Sackville s they ent two messengers, Thos . S . Black and Wm .

Freeman , reporting a membership Of fifteen . The

Rev . Chas . Tupper was the first pastor, ordained in 1 8 17 . h ad He charge of th e church , with occasional 1 8 1 relief, until 5 . The Baptists O f Westmoreland did not erect a church 1 8 2 5 . building until The late Wm . Tingley, of Point de Bute , gave the site and also the largest su b sc r ip tion . The following clause in the subscription paper is worth transcribing, as showing th e liberality in religious matters which existed at that time . The

f li r Presbyterians O Jo c u e assisted in the building,and were given “ the right to hold service in proportion to the amount they subscribed , and when it is not in use by either Baptists or Presbyterians, if wanted THE FI RST CHU R CHES O F THE ISTHMUS . occa sionally by other denominations O f Christians, it shall be Open and free for such service Although the building was erected in 1 8 25 there was no church 1 organized until 8 50.

The first minister was Rev . Willard Parker, and the il m deacons Rufus F li o r e and Henry Ward . The ministers who have been in charge from that date down to the present time are

William Parker . Trueman Bishop . A John Roe . Chas . . Eaton .

. David Lawson . T . D . Skinner

W . A . Coleman . J . D . Wilson .

G . F . Miles . H . Lavers .

K n David Mc e e . D . A . Steele .

R B R P ES YTE IANS . The Presbyterians were organized and had a 8 church building in Amherst as early as 1 78 , but it was not until the Rev . Alexander Clark arrived , in

18 27 , that they had a regular minister stationed with them . Previous to this several ministers had been with them , but only a very short time . In the grant of th e Cumberland township of 1 76 3 land was given to the Presbyterian Church on which

‘ to build a manse , but there is no existing record to show that it was ever taken possession of by that r body . The fi st church in the to wnship was erected o li u r e was in J c about the year 1 8 30. The land given by Thos . Copp , and the Brownells and Copps O f that place were very ac tive in the work of building . Rev . 8 6 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

m Alexander Clark , of A herst , was the minister in h is charge O f the congregation . Dr. Clark spent life in preaching the Gospel to the same people and to their

h i s children,with whom he began mission when he

first ca me to the country in 1 827 or 1 828 . His circuit extended from Maccan to Pugwash , and from there along the N o r th u m be r lan d Straits to Shemogue , including Amherst, Jo lic u r e , and Sackville . He was a fine type of the Scotch - Irish minister, who spoke what h e believed was the truth, whatever the couse qu e n c e might be .

EPISCOPALIAN . The first Episcopal Church in the Sackville Parish was We st c o c k 18 1 7 built at in . The rectors have been as follows :

Bu r n 1 - John ye o t , 8 18 1 820.

1 820- 1 8 Christopher Milner, 36 .

1 8 - 1 8 4 John Black , 36 7 .

w 1 4 - 1 T . De olfe , 8 7 860.

- . . b 1 8 60 1 8 G G Ro erts , 73 .

1 8 - 1 8 5 David Nickerson , 73 7 .

- . . . 1 8 1 8 J D H Brown , 75 87 .

- . 1 8 8 8 R J . Uniacke, 7 1 79.

- . . 1 8 C P Mulvaney, 79 1 8 80.

. 1 8 C F . Wiggins, 80 ’ S t . Paul s Church , Sackville, was commenced in 1 856 1 8 8 , and consecrated in 5 . The late Joseph F . Allison was largely instrumental in building this ’ ’

. church As the two churches,St. Paul s and St. Ann s, W e stc oc k , were in the same parish , they were under the charge of one rector .

8 8 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

After landing at Halifax they came by schooner to

Fort Cumberland , and very soon after settled about four miles from the fort at Point de Bute , then called

Prospect . There does not seem to have been many of the name wh o left in Yorkshire at this time, and those were in Billsdale and vicinity sh ortly moved to other part s of A the country . nephew of the first William named

Harmon, moved to another township, married , and ’ had a family of ten children . Mary, Harmon s youngest daughter, m arried a m an named Brown, and they called one of their sons Trueman Brown .

Charles,a son of Trueman, spent a year at Prospect in the eighties, and Harmon , a brother of Charles,

1 8 2- 8 visited the home in 8 3 . I have not been able to trace the family in Yorksh ire in any but this one branch . There is a photograph at Prospect of John

so n Trueman, a of the Harmon here mentioned, which shows a strong likeness to som e of the family in this country . A family of Truemans living in Ontario came to

Canada about the year 1 8 50, but we have not been able to trace any relationship . The first purchase of land by the Truemans in

Nova Scotia was from Joshua Mauger . This pro perty was conveyed to William Trueman, sen . The “ : M an e r deed reads I , Joshua g , Esq . , o f L ondon , in E s . Great Britain, q member of Parliament,of the town of Poole , in the county of Dorsetshire , for and in consideration of the sum of ninety pounds lawful v ” money of the Province of No a Scotia, etc . , e tc . This ninety pounds was paid for eighty acres of R 8 THE T UEMANS . 9 upland and fifty- four acres of marsh adjoining a wood lot on Bay Verte Road , and a right in the great

- was division of woodland ,so called . The deed signed

as at Halifax by the Hon . John Butler, attorney for

Joshua Mauger, on the 8 th September, 1777, an d the

S c u r r . B . money paid the same day . Thomas and J

Dight were the witnesses , it was proved at Fort

Cumberland on th e 3 1 st of Sept , 1777, by Thomas

S c u r r , and regi stered in New Brunswick by James

r d 1 5 Odell , May 3 , 78 . The next purchase of real estate w as made from

u r r . Thomas S c , the place now called Prospect Farm Six hundred and fifty pounds lawful money of the

Province of New Brunswick was the amount paid . Between the first and second purchase the Province

had been divided , and that part of the township of Cumberland in which the Tr uemans settled h ad gone n e to New Bru swick . The numb r of acres in this last

purchase was estimated at eight hundred , including

nearly five hundred acres of wilderness land . The deed was witnessed by Thomas Chandler and Amos o t Botsford . Mrs . S ur did not sign the deed , and the following is the copy of a document found very care fully laid away among the old papers at Prospect

R P R l N E N VI GINIA, C SS A N COUNTY, 25t h 1 78 June , 9.

O n this day personally appeared before me, Dennis Dooley ,Justice of the Peace of the said county

of the commonwealth of Virginia , Elizabeth S c u r r , and voluntarily relinquished her right of a dower in a certain tract or piece of land in the town of West

moreland and Province of New Brunswick , viz . : 90 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

- Three eighty acre lots , No s . sixteen, eighteen and b e twenty , with the marsh and wi lderness thereto longing . All in division letter B, and described fully in a deed from Thomas S c u r r to William Trueman 1 4-2 and on record in Westmoreland , No . .

Given under my hand and seal this day as above .

DENNIS DOOLEY .

The within Elizabeth S c u r r doth hereby volum tarily subscribe her name to the within contents .

ELI "ABETH S CURR .

Dennis Dooley ,Justice of the Peace of the common wealth of Virginia i n the year 1789,was a good penman . James Law owned Prospect Farm before Thomas u r r h e S c . The deed conveying t property from Law to S cu r r i s still among the documents at Prospect .

As Law was early in the country after the expulsion , it is probable h e was the first to get possession after the removal of the Acadians .

S c u r r se n . Thomas , , left the country soon after selling Prospect Farm . The old chronicles say he was a man very much esteemed for his piety . He represented Cumberland township , for one session at 1 8 5 “ least, in the Legislature at Halifax . In 7 , in opposition to t h e advice of a friend against going from a place where he was wanted to a place where ” was he not wanted , he removed to the South, and purchased an estate near Norfolk , Virginia . He h repented too late, for nearly all the members of i s large family fell victims to diseases peculiar to southern climates. There was another Thomas S c u r r in the country at 1 THE TR UEMANS . 9

this time , probably a son of Thomas S c u r r , sen . , who married Elizabeth Corn forth , of Sackville , in August,

1 8 u r r w e k . S c e 7 7 Mrs. lived only a after giving was birth to a son . The boy called Benjamin , and

M r was taken care of by his aunt, s . Jonathan Burn

S c u r r w ham . Thomas , after the death of his ife , left Sackville with the intention of going to the West

Indies, and was never heard from after: It was u r rs supposed he was lost at se a. The S c in Sack ville are descendants of the boy Benjamin .

William Trueman , se n . , was above the average height, and rather stout , with head, shoulders and face that indicated strong character . In personal appearan ce his grandson Robert much resembled him . He was fifty - five years of age when he came to Nova wa h i s s . Scotia . His wife eight years senior She, too, was tall , with a countenance showing a great deal of reserve power.

William , the son, was a small man , with round h features and dark air. His son John was said to h i resemble him closely . He must have retained s e ll youthful appearance w into mature life, for after he h ad been in this country some years he went to Fort Lawrence to po ll his vote and was challenged His for age by the opposing candidate . youthful appearance had led to the belief that he had not arrived at the age to entitle him to exercise the Hi s franchise . left arm was partially withered , or

had not grown to its full size , from an injury received in childhood through the carelessness of a nurse . The family brought with them from England some 92 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

is - furniture . There still the old arm chair at

Prospect, and the old clock keeps good time for the

fifth generation . There is no record of the impression the new country made upon the family, but judging from a letter received by William Trueman, se n , the year afte r his arrival , and copied below , it must have been favorable :

h 1 76 . S NILLS WORTH, February 9t , 7

DEAR BROTHE R AND SISTE R, “ These are with our love to you and to let you know that we are in a tolerable state of health at present . “ We have many of us been poorly , but are much better. We received a letter from you last Novem ber, which gave a great deal of satisfaction of mind on h your account,be cause we had been informed t at you h ad nowhere to settle in, but as you have given us a particular account concerning your situation and how you were settled and that you liked Nova Scotia and was all in good health of body it was much to our satisfaction , and I hope you will let us hear more particularly from you how your c h attle and corn answers thee, and how and what product your ground doth bri ng forth, and what sort of g rains your ground answers best for, and what c h attle you keep , and what you can make of your c h at tl e and how much milk your cows give and what is the most profitable things you have . “ Now , dear brother, let me know the truth and nothing but the truth when you write . “ I desire that you would let me hear from you at any opportunity whenever it suits y o u r convenience for I think we shall never h ave the opportunity to ’ see each other s face any more here below , but I 3 THE TRUEMANs . 9 desire to hear from thee and I hope thee will do the same byme as long as our lives shall be on this side eternity .

Farewell , I conclude with my love . Sarah Bently and John Bakers are in good health and send love to ” you all .

The following extract from another letter received at Prospect abo u t th e same time , will be interestin g to some

S W R H 1 h 1 9t 6 . S NILL O T , Feb. , 77

DEAR B ROTHE R AND SISTER AND NEVY, f These are salutations O love to you all , expecting they may find you in good health as they leave us at present . “ We received your lette r November last and was glad to hear from you , but more especially that you were all in good health of body and that you like Nove (Nova S cotia) very well because we have h ad many slight accounts that you were in a very poor situation , but heard nothing to our satisfaction , and th at you would have returned back to Old England but had nothing to pay your passage with , which gave u s both me and my wife a great deal of distraction of mind . So we consulted with sister Sarah Bently and more of our friends t hat we would raise money to pay your passage to Old England , but dear brother and sister, as we h ave had a few lines from your own hand that you like the country well , so it has put an end to that consultation .

It would be diffi cult to answer at once some of the h ad questions asked in these letters . They only arrived in America the previous summer, and unless they purchased cows on their arrival , they could not 94 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMU S . at this date have had much experience in dairying, and it would be the sa me with grain . There is a tradition that th e stock , ten cows and a number of S c u r r other cattle , were purchased with the farm , but this farm was not bo ught until some years after . The Truemans probably followed the course taken by many O f the first settlers at that time, which was to lease a farm for a term of years, in that way gaining experience in the country be fore finally pur th e chasing land themselves . After family had been two years in the country , William Trueman, ju n , married Elizabeth Keillor, a daughter of Thomas 1 Keillor, of Cumberland Point, or No . , now called ’ Fowler s Hill . The Keillors came from Skelton ,

Yorkshire , to Nova Scotia in 1 774, and settled on the farm at present occupied by a great - great - grandson,

Charles Fowler . It was near the date of this marriage that the Eddy rebels were terrorizing the settlers around Fort

Cumberland , and shortly afte r the event Mr. and ’ Mrs . Trueman went to Mr . Keillor s to spend the

Sabbath . During the day the house was surrounded by the rebels, and th e inmates kept prisoners until the next day, when the rebels dispersed , and the young couple made their way home as quickly as possible, to relieve the anxiety at Prospect. The Keillors and Truemans had been friends in

England ,and were related in some degree . Elizabeth Keillor was but nineteen when sh e consented to take charge of a home of her own , and , as subsequent years proved , well did sh e discharge the duties that

96 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

b building . Their first venture was a mill driven y — was horse power. A windmill followed , and located on the h ig h ground at the corner where the Point de Bute road turns at right angles, leading to Joli cure . This must have been an ideal spot for such a i s structure . There no record of how long this mill

‘ stood, but it could not have been long . There was a good stream on the farm for a water mill, but it was not utilized for this purpose for some years, probably for th e want of means . Their first work i n this line was the building of a smal l mill on the brook that formed the ravine at the south - west

w a side of the farm . A dam s thrown across the stream at the head of the ravine , and the water carried in a fiu m e some distance farther down th e brook ; the great fall of water enabl ing them to use

- - i s a large over shot water wheel . It only quite recently that t h e main shaft of the wheel h as dis appeared . A long dam was built across the strea m that leads to what i s now called the Upper Mill,for the purpose O f turning the water to the new mill, and also form dam ing a reserve pond . This can be plainly seen at the present time , although covered with quite a growth of timber. The mill in the ravine did not stand long either, and the next move w as to dam the water on the main brook , now called the Trueman

Mill Stream , and put up a large and substantial grist mill , that proved a great convenience to the whole

country for many years .

Beside this large expenditure in mills, most of R THE T UEMANS . 97 which w as made in the lifetime of the senior Wil liam , there was a large outlay made for dyking and aboideau building . Piece by piece the marsh was being reclaimed from the tide and made to yield its wealth of hay and pasture for the support of flocks and herds . I find a record showing there were seventeen cows on the farm in and for the benefit of some of the members of the younger generation who live on

n : r lo - farms, here are their ames Ce o , Red heifer,

Spotty, Debro, Beauty , Madge, Lucy, Daisy , White

M - face, ousie , Dun , Rose, Lady Cherry, Black eye ,

Spunk and Roan .

The following letter, received at Prospect in 1 789, tells of a more cheerful spirit in business in England , but shows that they had floods and troubles of that kind then as now

Au 1 1 8 t 5 9. HELM HOUSE BILSDALE , g . ye th, 7

DEA R Co u si Ns, I received two letters from you in the course O f t h e last year, and am exceeding glad to hear from you and that you do well and are well, and tho I have long delayed writing yet it is not want of respect,but it was long before I could have any certa in inteli gence from Mr. Swinburn , So I now take the opper t u n ity to let you know how I and my Sisters are O f situate . I married Helling the daughter Richard Barr, by whom I have had 3 boys and 2 girls all live " A ls ing and healthful . y y is married to John the son of James Boyes a n d lives at Wo o lh o u se c r o ft, has no children . Sally is married to John Cossins and lives

. 3 at Hawnby where Robt. Barker lived She has 98 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . children the two last were twins they were born about Candlem as last and one of them is a very weakly i Ri h ’d child , my mother s married to old c Barr my ’ wi fe s father and lives at Huntington nigh York . I h as think we most of u s live pretty well . Mr. advanced h is land a great deal but since the peace the times are pretty good we have this su m m e r a very plentiful crop and we have a fine season for Reaping the same,but in the beginning of haytime we had an excessive flood as almost ever was known so that much hay was swept away and much more sanded . Many bridges were washed down and In some places h att l much c e drowned , My cousin John Gar bu t is ’ married to James Boyes widow and lives at Helm ’ house . So I shall conclude with my and my wife s duty to my unkle and aunt and our kind love to you and your wife and children and subscribe ourselves your very affectionate cousins,

R JOH N AND HELLING T UEMAN .

There was no break in the family by death until 1 7 97 . That year William Trueman, sen . , died, aged

- seventy seven years,twenty - two of which he had spent

“ in America. The Mauger farm ,h i s first purchase ,was left to Harmon, his eldest grandson . The family of his son William had grown by this time to six sons and two daughters, and success financially , in some measure at least, had been achieved .

With milling , dyking and general farming, there was work at Prospect to keep all the members of t h e

, family busy besides a large force of hired help . It was decided this year (1797) to build a new house

R THE T UEMANS . 99

h lived since t e place ca m e into their possession . The barn was put up the next year, and measured eighty feet long by thi rty - three wide, with thirteen - foot i s a . posts . A part of this barn still used for a st ble h In 1799 the house was built, t e main portion being It made of brick burned on the marsh near by .

- fronted du e south , and was twenty seven feet by

- thirty seven feet, and two stories high , with a stone kitchen on the west side . The cost of building was eight hundred pounds . This was before the days of stoves, there be ing si x fir e - places in the main house and a large one in the kitchen . In 1839 the stone kitchen was pulled down and one of 1 8 wood built on the north side . In 79 an addition was made,and now (October 2n d, i t is as comfort able a dwelling as it has ever been . Five generations have lived in it . Three generations have been born and grown to manhood and womanhood within its

four walls, and they have never known th e death of a

child , nor, with but one exception, the death of a

young person .

On the 29th January, 1 800, Mrs.Trueman, se n ,

- died in the eighty eighth year of her age . Although

' - h sixty two yfi ar s old when she came to America, S e

lived to se e the birth of nine grandchildren .

In 1 8 01 , Thompson , the youngest son , was born . The family now numbered seven sons and three

daughters . This year William Black , known in

Methodist history as Bishop Black , was one of the 1 1 1 family at Prospect from November 7th , 80 , to 1 t h 18 2 was t April 3 , 0 . One week of this time spen 100 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

in Dorchester, for which a rebate was made in the Th e board bi ll . bill was made out at the rate. of five sh illings per week .

In 1 8 02, Mr . Trueman began to keep what he calls

a memorandum of events . The records chiefly refer to home work,the weather and neighborhood happen S ings . A a record of the weather,before thermometers and barometers were in general u s e , it must be as As perfect as possible . a record of farm work it is quite minute, and gives the reader an almost exact knowledge of what was done on the farm each week of th e twenty years .

To those who live in the age of steam and electricity, when it is possible to be informed at night of the doings of the day on the other side of the planet, it is hard to realize how little interest was taken a century ago in anything outside of the community in which one lived . This accounts in part, no doubt, for the scant references in this journal to public events . l On y very rarely is an election mentioned, even in ’ the writer s own county . Only once is there reference to war, although the war of 18 12 and the battle of

Waterloo took place during the years of the record , and must have h ad a marked effect upon the trade of t h e Provinces at that time .

Mr. Trueman made several trips to Halifax each year, and met, while there, many of the leading

Methodist men of the city . The Blacks and the l Bel s were his friends . His house was the home of the ministers of his church during all his life, and many of the public men who visited Cumberland were

' difler e n t his guests at times.

1 02 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . — 1 2th l 8 o3 . . Nov . , Election at Dorchester Mr

Knapp goes in without opposition . These extracts from the journal will Show the character of the record . ’ In March , 1 804,there was a three days snowstorm ” fell nigh two feet. An attempt was made this year to aboideau the Aulae River, where it runs M e o . c L d. through the farm now owned by R T . The Aulae at that time was one of the largest of the rivers emptyin g into the Cumberland Basin . It was a great undertaking to dam i ts waters with an aboideau, and to make matters worse, the place chosen proved to have a quicksand bottom, which made it almost impossible to build a firm foundation .

For nearly four years th ey worked at this aboideau , n 27th 1 808 and fi ally had to abandon it . Dated Dec . , , there is th is entry in the journal : Working at th e aboideau . Storming in the morning . Snow six inches deep . “ 28 h — . t b Dec Working at yto ; very fine day . ” The hole nigh filled up . “ On March 20th , he writes : Concluded to give up B ” the yto . There is a reckless disregard of rules in ” spelling the word aboidea u , but doubtless the pro n u n c iatio n was h as varied t en as now . Being obliged to let this work go must have been a great disappoint 1 82 ment and a great loss as well . It was not till 9, more than twenty years after, that the aboideau, now ” as B t o was known the Trueman y , built. ’ A night s experience during the building of the first aboideau was long remembered by the family at R 103 THE T UEMANS .

Prospect . The following is the only reference made “ — to it in the journal : June 7 th , 1804 The sluice went

h : adrift ; was up to Nappan . On the 9t Got back as far as Cumberland ; wind favorable in coming ” a b ck . The sluice referred to is a large wooden box or

waterway , wh ich is placed near the centre o f the aboideau and as near as possible in the bed of the

river . The great height of the tides, and the rapid current that runs up and down the stream twice in

- ifli l twenty four hours, make it a most d c u t operation

to get one of these sluices bedded . The Sluice would

be about fifty feet long , fifteen feet wide , and five or

si x feet deep . The men were hard at work after the sluice had

been got into its place , trying to make it secure with

the weight Of mud , but the tide coming too quick

for them lifted it out of its bed . Four of the True man boys sprang on the sluice as it floated down the

river . in the hope of saving it in some way . It

proved , however, to be a most unmanageable craft, and they could do little to stay their course down the

river, and in spite of every effort were carried out

into the Basin . Night came on and their only

chance of safety was , if possible , to stick to the plank bo x in the hope that the currents might ca rry them S to some point where they could get safely to hore .

Next day their unwieldy craft grounded near Nappan , and they at once landed and were h ospi tably enter

ain - t e d at a farm house near by. After getting sup

plies and sending word to Prospect of their safety, 104 THE C HIG NEOTO ISTHMUS . they again boarded their strange vessel and succeeded that day in getting back to the mouth of the river, and finally back to their starting point .

Mrs . Trueman never wholly recovered from the

' n e r vo u s sh o c k Of that night . There was little hope in the minds of any that the men would ever get safely to land . Thirty years h ad passed since the family had left

England . The letter given below shows how warm an interest the friends there still had in them

— 1 5 DEAR COUSIN, We received yours dated Jan. , but not till late in September, 1804, and we are glad to hear that you and your family are all in good health and enjoying prosperity in your affairs of life . We had heard by your last letter of the deat h of your n mother. My kind husband died somethi g more than six years since . Your Aunt Sarah Bently died some M lin t o ft time before my husband . Your Aunt ary F is yet alive and enjoys as good health as can be ex e c t e d p , her age considered . Your Aunt Ann True man is yet alive and well as can be expected . Your

Cousin Harmon married and i s doing very well . He Ke lsh aw h lives at , in t e west of Yorkshire , and has a i s larg e family and keeps a public hou se . Alice mar ried and lives at Woodhouse Croft and has only one son . Ann and Sarah both li ve at Hornby and enjoy good health . I and my eight children live yet at the O ld n habitation , amely , at He lm h o u se , and enjoy a su flic i en c y of the necessaries of life . Jane Chapman and Ann are both alive and enjoy as good health as 80 most people at almost years of age , and desire

d . He ll their kin love to you and your wife . James n and wife do the same . They never had any children . ’ The last summer s crop of corn was poorly laden ,so

1 06 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS. your children were m ade acqu ainted with the saving se e benefits of religion . For parents to their children well settled in this world and seeking the world to come must, I apprehend , be an unspeakable satis u s fac tion . Oh , let pray more and advise them to turn to t h e Lord with all their hearts .

Pleas e to remember m e kindly to all the family . I do feel a sincere regard for you all and wish to meet you in the Land of God .

Farewell ,

From your unwort hy friend,

“ WM . BLACK .

’ P o lic e n e Gore s mother had a more than ordinarily eventful life . Her grandson Edward writes

My grandmother was born in the United States, then the New England colonies . Her first husband was Captain Ward ; their h ome was near the garrison on Grattan Heights . Captain Ward arrived home from sea with h is vessel the day before Arnold made his attack on the garrison ,an d,j oining in the defence , w ’ as M r s . was fatally shot . Ward s next husband my

d - gran father Gore , who was also a se a captain . Some years after they were married Captain Gore took his wife to Fort Lawrence, Nova Scotia , where they had friends, and her husband returned with h is vessel to m ake another voyage, but was never heard from w after. It as supposed the vessel was lost with all on board .

After living some years in widowhood , Mrs . Gore

- married a Mr . Foster, a school teacher. They lived l for a time in a house on the school lands in Jo ic u r e . The schoolmaster did not live long to enjoy h is mar THE TRUEMANS . 107

His . . ried life . successor was a Mr Trites,of Salisbury M r s He only lived a few months after marriage . ’ Trites fi fth and last husband was a Mr. Siddall , of

h is . Westmoreland Point. After death Mrs Siddall M r s lived with her daughter, . Trueman , where , in the

“ words of her grandson , sh e lived eighteen years a happy old woman and a blessing in the family . She was in her eighty -f ourth year at the time of her death . ’ iddall s Mrs . S house was the only one in the village ’ l Gr at tan s not burned during the batt e of Heights . C o r e It is still kept in repair, and called the House .

Harmon,a grandson , visited the Heights a few years

- an n i v e r ago , and was present at the one hundredth sary of the battle . Recently a letter came into the possession Of Edward Trueman , written by his g reat i grandmother to h s grandmother . Among other “ things , she writes : I hear that you are married li n h again , and that Po c e e is also married . I ave not ’ hea rd either of your husbands names ; do write , and

let me know them . 8 Po li c e n e Gore was born in 1 7 8 , and Thomas True 8 man i n 1 7 6 , which would make them seventeen and nineteen years old when the marriage knot was tied

a young couple to start out in life . 2 h 8 John married Nancy Palmer,Septem ber 1 t ,1 05 ,

William married Jane Ripley, January 22n d , 1 806 , .

- and Harmon , the fir st born , mar ried Cynthia Bent, 8 0 June th , 1 8 7. The four eldest sons were married

within the year and a half, and on April 1 4th , 1 808 ,

Sallie, th e eldest daughter, entered the matrimonial 108 THE CHIGN ECTO ISTHMU S .

haven . This was thinning out the old home pretty fast . The sons, however, all settled near Prospect, and were several years getting finally located in their own homes . Harmon took the Maug er farm left him h e by his grandfather ; Thomas,t Patten farm ,joining the glebe . John settled at Mount Whatley ; Willie took the mill property and farm now in posse ssion of h i s grandsons,Amos and Johnston Trueman . The drain on the home place to start for themselves so many of the family, and in so short a time,mu st have been considerable . Harmon had a house and barn to build . Several entries in the journal refer to l h 1 806 his getting out timber . On July 6 t , , Harmon raised his house . This house , yet one of the most comfortable in the place, is at present the property of

. Mr s . A C . Carter . Carter is a granddaughter of

Harmon . 2 “ April 2 n d, 1806, I find this entry : Robert

Dickey and Nellie Chapman married . Started to frame the new mill . “ 3r d— S aw May mill and barn raised . NO i s mention made of building a house for Willie , so probably there was one on the place . John and his wife lived for a time in the S c u r r house , and for a time with Willie, before finally settling at Mount

Whatley . Sallie married Gilbert Lawrence , of West i moreland . It s said Sallie had an admirer wh o lived f in Hali ax , and occasionally visited Cumberland ,and who in later years became a prominent O fficial in t h e Of executive that city . In the early days an admirer a hundred miles dis

CHAPTER V II .

EX TRAC TS FR OM J OURN AL AND L E T TERS .

OME extracts from the journal as a beginning to m this chapter will, I hope, be interesting to so e of the descendants ’ “ — L w r is n 2n d 1 802 o e o s . Aug. , Richard barn burned — h M r . t . Aug. 7 Milledge preached at church Got e 60 upland hay all up . Hav tons good hay in barn and in stock . 8 h — u ar r l 2 t t e . Aug . Q y meeting at our house

3oth — Ra Aug . Was juryman in a case between lph

Siddall and George Huston before Samuel Gay , Esq . ” l h — M r ot . Sept . Albro dined at our house . (Mr.

Albro was a Halifax man who traded in cattle . ) 28 h — Dec . t John Mcc ormick, apparently in good health ,died instantly at night . “ — 10th M r - May . Marsden started to day for the

Conference . — 2 th M r - June 6 . Bent arrived at our house to day Tan and went over to tr am ar . 2 h — M June 7t r . Bent preached his first sermon in Tan m t r a ar .

3 r d 1 8 — May , 03 William Bennet started for Con ference . “ ’ De c — M Mr s. c Mo n agle s house was drawn from the plain to Mount Whatley . EXTR ACTS FROM JOURNAL AND LETTERS.

h 1 — W illi m o r e 9t 806 . Jan . , Wood F was married ’ to Nancy Patterson , of Cole s Island . “ — April 5th , 1806 Tolar Thompson brought a large

birch log across the marsh on the ice , and also a load of grain to the mill and returned the next day . “ — June 1 6th Harmon had the Old shop drawn to

his house, had 17 yoke of oxen . “ William Allen: was buried at the churchyard at

Camp Hill , attended by a large concourse of people .

Mr . Mitchell preached a sermon . — 2 h M r . v . t N o 9 . Roach lost his vessel ; the Capt and two men were drowned ; 5 15 fir ki n s of butte r

saved . — 1 2 1 8 . M Ke n zi wa Jan . th , 06 This day Wm c e s

found dead ,sitting in his chair, supposed to be frozen

to dea th . — June 3r d, 1808 Wm . Black came to our house

so n . and Mrs . Black and , Martin Gay . Mr Black

preached at Stone Chapel .

“ In February of same year, Mr . Foster came to mill in a cart and John Patterson from Cole’s Island

with a sled . — h 1808 M r . . 1 9t Jan , Bamford moved to our house . 25 th — A t o B ‘ Jan . meeting confer about the yto ” nothing was done .

“ 3r d 180 — Jan . , 9 Martin Black married to Fanny

Smith . On the 8th of that month William Black preached ’ at Sackville , and on the 1 1 th at Mr . Roach s in Fort

Th is , I s uppose , wa s t h e aboidea u t h at h ad to be a ba n don ed,

t o wh ich r e fe r e n ce h as be e n made . 1 1 2 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Lawrence : on the l 6 th William Black started for

Halifax . — 23r d 1 809 . Feb . , Went to the Supreme Court — 29th 1 810 . Feb . , Mrs Roach , of Fort Lawrence ,

- M r died to day after a short sickness . Rev . . Knowl ton preached the funeral sermon from Psalms a very solemn time ; about five hundred people present .

“ In June, 18 1 1 , Robert Bryce purchased a lot of cattle and some butter in Cumberlan d . June 28t h — Went to Bay Verte with a drove of 3 2 1 cattle and some sheep , put cattle and 16 sheep on board vessel for N ewfoundland . “ — July 8th Started ten oxen for Halifax . John h i h 1 1 1 Trueman raising s house and barn , July 6 t , 8 .

“ — s n July 24th Pulled the old mill down . A o of ’ h ” John Harper s was badly hurt at t e mill brook .

' “ I notice in the jo u r n al th at muster day was in

Sackville this year. It seems to have been a very Of prosperous year for the farmers Cumberland . Ship ments of cattle and sheep were made to Newfoundland and the usual supply sent to Halifax . The price paid must have been satisfactory ; it would, at any rate, be so considered by our farmers now .

The following letter sent to Messrs . Reed and th 1 8 1 1 Albro, dated Sept . 6 , , gives one an idea of the condition of the cattle trade at that time

R h 6t 18 1 1 . WESTMO ELAND, Sep t . ,

S . 8p BR ME S REED AL O . — . e Sir, Recd your l tter by Thomas Roach , Esq . , respecti ng cattle ; have been looking around for some n 6d . cattle , can ot buy for less than Mr.

1 1 4 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

h 8 1 WESTMOR ELAND, March 7t , 1 2.

BR M R. JOHN AL O — Dear Sir, I hope these lines will find you and i Mrs . Albro and family enjoy ng health and every O other blessing . I take this pportunity to inform you that I expect to have 1 2 or 1 4 oxen to dispose of this summer. I wish you to have the preference . If you wish to have them shall be glad to have a line from as you by Mr. Gore , also what you think the price will be . “ I want no more than the market price .

Remain your humble servant,

WM . R T UEMAN . — B. . N . John Keillor, Esq , hath four good oxen he wishes you to have with mine . They are four fine ”

. 1 oxen They are likely to be good by July 5th .

In addit ion to the buyers from Halifax , Newfound land was this year sending to Westmoreland for a part of its beef supply . The letter below refers to the trade with that colony :

R 30 O 1 8 1 WESTMO ELAND, c t , 1 .

MEsss s. JOHN 8; ROBERT BR YNE, 4th I sent you a few lines Sept. . Thinking it a chance whether you received it or no, I take the liberty to send you a second . I think it will be a great advantage to you to have some hay purchased an d drawn to the place in winter . If you wish to have any purchased I will do it o u for y , only let me kn ew the quantity you wish to have . Catt le have been as low as 4 pence or 5 pence R R R R 1 1 5 EXT ACTS F OM JOU NAL AND LETTE S .

S Is in the pring . It uncertain what the price may be, but I see no prospect of them being very high, as there 18 great plenty of cattle In the country . Should you w ant any in the Spring you can rely on my doing the best in my power to serve you .

Remain your most humble servant,

R . WM . T UEMAN

Mr. Bryne had been in Westmoreland that summer l and purchased a drove of catt e and sheep , which 8 h were Shipped on June 2 t , as noted previously . ’ h 1 1 On Ap r il 25 t , 8 1 , Mrs . Keillor, M rs . Trueman s 1 80 mother, who h ad been living at Prospect since 6 , died . Her husband , Thomas Keillor, a stonemason by trade , died some years earlier. There is at Prospect

r a copy of a power of attorney given by M s. Keillor

“ ” to her trusty friend, Stephen Emmerson, to act for her -i n collecting rents and selling claims in Skelton ,

England , in connection with the property owned by e her lat husband . This document was copied by Amos Botsford and witnessed by Wm . Botsford and Henry Chapman , 1 1 30th 8 0. ju n , and date d Oct. , ’ h e Mrs . Keillor was buried on t old farm at Fowler s Hill beside her husband in a small burying - ground that was formerly surrounded by a sto ne wall , part of which is still Sta nding. ’ M r s was . s . Keillor s maiden name Mary Thom on — She and two other married siste rs Jane , the wife of

John Carter,and Ann, the wife of William Trueman came with the Yorkshire emigration . These sisters 1 1 6 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . left o n e brother at least in England , as the letter following, in reply to one received from George

Thompson, will Show

R 29 h 1 8 1 1 . P OSPECT, March t , — DEA R UNCLE AND AUNT , Received your welcome l ' letter of March 29th , and was g ad t o hear from you l and of your we l far e , and h oping these lines will find you and yours enjoying the same blessing s of health and happiness . I have to tell you of the death of my mother - i n 2m 2 d . law . She departed this life April Your sister

Jane i s v ery well at present . “ The rest of your family are all well . If you see fit to come out in the spring your friends will be glad to se e you . It will be best for you to get a lumber vessel if you can . There hath been two vessels from

Hull and one from Newcastle this summer. Respect ing goods and merchandise , lay in well for common

- clothing. Bring some home made linens and checks .

x- - O chains and horse traces and bridles . Everything in wood will be expensive . “ a k You s what bills I propose. Good bills on Halifax answer, but nothing will answer like cash here , as it may be some trouble to get them cashed . d Mechanics of all kinds are wante . Carpenters, 7 6 4 4 d s . s . 6 . shillings pence per day . We pay and for making a pair of shoes . A good tailor is much a . 3 . wanted We p y 6 for shoeing a horse. Bring a s few cythes of the best quality . Baie Verte is the l best p ac e to land at ; if yo u cannot make that out,

St. John or Halifax . There may be some difficulty in getting a passage from Halifax by water . Shall look out for a place for you with a house on it . “ May the Lord direct yo u and prosper your under taking. Give my best respects to George Swinburne

1 1 8 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

tl e d , and my father and mother are very well and now li ve by themselves , retired from farmi ng. “ Hoping you and all friends are well , I shall con elude with kindest love to all ,

And remain , dear cousin,

“ Yours affectionately,

“ GEORGE THOMPSON .

— O o r P . S . Have the goodness to write the first pp i t u n ty, and direct to me at Harbour House,

Durham . It is quite possible the above letter did not receive d a reply . A good eal of trouble had been taken to send full information to the father, and five years were allowed to pass before any acknowledgment was i s made . At all events, there no record of a letter being sent to the son , and it is certain he did not come to this country . The subjoined communication helps to Show the depressed condition in England at that period, and that many were looking to America in the h ope O f bettering their condition

May 1 4 th , 1 8 1 9. — DEAR COUSIN , I hope these lines will find you all well , as they leave us at present. We thank God for it . I intend to come over to America this spring If it Should please God , For the s t ate Of England are very bad, Land has got S O very dear that a liveli hood cannot be got in England , and the taxes that Govern ment lays on are very heavy ,till they reduce so many R R R 1 19 EXT ACTS FROM JOU NAL AND LETTE S . to a lower class that the land will hardly support the poor . I hope you are in a better situation in America . “ We understand i n England that the States of

America are very flourishing at present. I intend to se t o ff to America the first of June . If it should please God that I Should get over safe , I hope to get to your house as soon as I can . All your cousins are in good health at present . Thank God for it, and they wish to be remembered to you and all your family . S O I remain your most obedient cousin ,

JAMES BOYES,

of Bilsdale .

“ B N. . By the wishes of one of your cousins, of the name of Harman Wedgwood , a son of Benjamin

Wedgwood , a tailor, he would like to hear from you . He thinks you will give him some information of your country .

He wants to come to live in your country , and if you please to give him some intelligence of tailors’ wages in your country . So he remains your most obedient cousin ,

HAR MAN WEDGWOOD,

Hawnby . — B. If N. you please to write to him you must direct as follows :

HAR MAN WEDGWOOD ,

Hawnby,

Near Helmsley , Blackmoo r , h Yorks ire , England . There was no change in the family at Prospect ’ 1 8 1 after Sallie s marriage in 80 until 18 7 . On Jan . 1 20 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

17th of the latter year Robert married Eunice Bent, ’ of Fort Lawrence , a sister of Harmon s wife, and in

October Amos married Susanna Ripley , a sister of ’ Willie s wife .

Robert settled on a farm adjoining the homestead . His house w as not built until the summer following s 3oth his marriage . James, his elde t child, was born

8 . October, 1 17, in the Brick House at Prospect Farm Amos settled at the head of Amherst (now called il Tr u e m an v le ). The following letter, written by his youngest daughter, Mrs. Sarah Patterson , is very f interesting, as giving some idea of the experiences O that time When my father first came to live in the place now called Tr u e m an ville it was a dense forest. In e summer the only road was a bridle path . In wint r, when the sno w w as on th e ground, they could drive h a pair of oxen and a sled along t e road . “ The winter my father was married, as soon as h i there was enough snow and frost, he and one of s brothers and another man se t out to build a house . “ They loaded a Sled with boards, doors and win dows, and provided themselves with bedding and h a provisions to last till t e house w s finished . They then hitched the oxen to the sled and started on their twenty - mile journ ey and most of the way on a track less path . “ ’ When they arrived at their journey s end , they erected a rude hut to live in and commenced building a house . They did not have to go far for timber i t was standing all around the site chosen for the house . “ 1 . b 18 . They built a very nice log house , 5 ft . y ft Their greatest trouble in building was, the stones S h ad were O frosty they could not split them . They

122 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

’ My father and mother visited Grandfather Trueman s o wi th their three chi ldren . Mother t ok the youngest on one horse, and father took the two older ones on another horse ; and yet we O ften hear people talk of ‘ ’ the good Old times .

My father was a man of generous disposition . The poor and needy always found him ready to H o sympathize and help them . e ften supplied grain to them when there was no prospect of payment . ‘ He would say, A farmer can do without many ’ things, but not without seed grain . That reminds me of an incident I will tell you , of our Grandfather —fiv e Trueman . About thirty years ago my mother ’ was visiting at Stephen Oxley s, at Tidn ish , where she met an Old lady whose name I forget ; but no ’ matter. When She heard my mother s name she began talking about Grandfather Trueman . She said she would never forget his kindness to her in her younger days when She and her husband first came from th e Old Country and bega n life among strang ers in very straightened circumstances . After passing through a hard winter in which food h ad been very scarce they found themselves i n the spring without any seed wheat or the means of buying any . wa Her husband s almost in despair . She tried to cheer him up by telling him that if She went to

. . Mr Trueman she thought he would , help them So her husband agreed to let her try her chance , and sh e mounted a horse and set out for Prospect Farm . Just as sh e arrived there another woman came in and asked Mr. Trueman to sell her some wheat , telling sh e him had money to pay for it. Grandfather said h ad he very little wheat to sell , but he could let her l have a bushel or t wo . The O d lady said h e r heart almost sank within h e r ; . s h e thought h e r case was

. sh e hopeless However, t old him sh e , too , had come for seed wheat, but she had no money nor the means R R R AND T R 1 23 EXT ACTS F OM JOU NAL LET E S .

of getting any at present , and they were entirely

Without seed . Grandfather turned to the other s t o woman and aid , You have money ; go Mr. as m (a neighbor), you can get uch as you want, and ’ sh e I will give this woman t h e grain . Oh , how glad felt " Words were too poor to express her thanks, h s e . and went home rejoicing In after years, when Providence h a f l favored her with a goodly share of h ’ t is world s goods , she could not tell this experience without the tears running down her cheeks . How ’ true it is, The memory of the just is blessed .

so n Re v The following letter received from a of .

William Black , is of some interest

H F ALI Ax, N . S . , " 27th Sept , 1 81 9. M R WI LLIAM TR UEMAN , I — DEA R S R, Your favor of the 2oth inst . is at hand , and in reply t o it, as relates to the probable price of Butter , I would state it as my opinio n that i 1 4 it s likely to command about d . A considerable quantity of Irish Butter h as alre ady arrived and r ki more i s expected . A nu m ber of fi n s have this

1 lh - day been sold at public auction at s . per . , the i sa Mr . quality s said to be very fair. Please y to s Wells that I have recei ved h e r letter of the 24th

M r s . inst , and Shall do as she requests . Black and family are well , and join me in best regards to

Mrs . Trueman , Yourself and Family .

Yr s . truly ,

“ M . G . BLACK . After Amos and Robert left Prospect for homes of their own , the family remained unchanged until

18 20 r . That year, Mary ,the second daughter,ma ried 1 24 THE CHIGNECTO I STHMUS .

f William Humphrey,O Sackville . William Humphrey was a carpenter by trade but shortly after his marriage bought a farm i n Upper Maccan and went quite extensively into farming. and milling .

The Humphreys were from Yorkshire , and after m h coming to America, settled first at Fal o u t , Nova

. se n Scotia. After the death of Wm Humphrey , , w M r s. Humphrey, follo ing the advice of her friend ,

Charles Dixon ,moved to Sackville with her family of

five children, three sons and two daughters . James h Dixon says of Mrs . Hump rey , in his history of the

“ Dixons : She was evidently a capable woman, and judging from the position her descendants have taken in the new country he was probably right in h is estimate . A s I remember the second William Humphrey , he was a man of more than ordinary intelligence,one who d looked closely at both Sides of a question , an with whom every n e w undertaking was well thought out beforehand . He had no place for the man who wanted to make a Show . He was, for the times, a large employer of labor, and h is men did not readily leave his employ . He was possessed of strong relig iou s convictions , but was by no means demonstrative in such matters . His children were gi ven good educational opportunities . Two of his sons studied and graduated at colleges in the United States, and two Old others were students at the Academy ,at Sackville . Th e following letter, written by William , one of the sons who was educated in the United States, to his cousin Ruth , will Sh ow how graduates of that day looked upon life

1 26 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS. rather felt as a tired traveller might be supposed to feel when, having exerted himself to reach the top of the first peak on a mountain , he has only secured a position where he can see Alpine peaks towering to the skies, which he must scale before his journey is ended . I very many times have felt as though I was not a particle wiser since I graduated than before I first left home , yet I suppose I may claim more than this for myself without being thought vain or arrogant, but what advantage either myself or others are to h reap from it remains to be seen . I ope I am better pre pared to spend the remainder of my life m ore profitably than I was before with higher aims and i n possession of greater capacity for -enjoym ent myself and O f doing good to oth ers . I cannot yet tell when I shall get my medical degree ,yet if fortune favors and I get along with my studies pretty well , it will not be longer than fourteen months . I would like to arrange my plans to leave for home as so on as I get through , but it is so lon g beforehand that I do not think about it yet .

I shall have a short vacation of a few weeks, com n i m e c n g with Augu st 1 st, when I should like to be at home , but I do not deem it best for me to go this h ’ . S summer I all probably go into the country round . 1 shall probably return to Ph iladelphia early in Octo h e r and spend the winter there , which wi ll end my residence i n that city , unless I should remai n longer to attend the h ospital and see more practice tha n I could otherwise . “ From the accounts I hear from h ome you still O f d have need o ctors, for people will continue to be sick and die . Thi nk you there will be any patro nage for me " Bu t your answer will probably depend upon my

worthiness of it . R EXTR ACTS F ROM JOURNAL AND LETTE S . 1 27

But I must hasten to close . I Shall be happy to hear from you whenever you are disposed to write .

- Kind regards to your mother,sisters and brothers .

Very sincerely yours, R WILLIAM F . HUMPH EY .

MISS RUTH TRUEMAN ,

Point de Bute . The Humphreys have not increased rapidly in this country . There were three brothers in the first family , William , John and Chr istopher. John never

m i . arried . Chr stopher married , but had no family

William had four sons, and the se , with their father and uncles, made seven O f the name then living in the provinces . Since then these four boys have married, and two of their sons , yet the males of the name just

- number seven to day ; and , strange to say , have remained at that figure the most of the time for the last seventy years . At present there are living four

- - - f great grandsons , and three g reat great grandsons O the first William .

Dr. Humphrey graduated in regular course ,received h is medical degree , and settled in St. John , New

His Brunswick , where he worked up a good practice . health , however, gave way, and he died a compara

i v l t e y young man .

Mrs . Bishop, a daughter of William Humphrey , writes : “ I do not remember hearing my parents say much about their early life . I remember my father saying he gave a doubloon to th e man who married them . They moved to Maccan very shortly after they were 1 28 TH E CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

married . When grandmother Humphrey died they went to the funeral on horseback (thirty miles), and took John with them ,then a young babe . (The baby ,

John, was the late John A . Humphrey , of Moncton . ) ’ I have heard mother say sh e took me to her father s funeral when I was four months Old, another long ” ride on horseback .

is . Mrs . Bishop the only one of the family now living

Returning to the family at Prospect, Betty, the youngest daughter, was married to George Glen 1 8 2 was denning, in 3 . Her name to have been

Elizabeth , but one day previous to the baptism the

” m inister was at the house and asked Mrs . Trueman ’ su what baby s name was to be . She said, Oh, I p i pose t will be Betty , meaning to have her baptized

Elizabeth, but to call her Betty for short. When the minister came to the baptism,h e did not ask the name , t but baptized the baby Betty . The mo her did not feel very well pleased about it , but Betty it had to be . ’ M a George Glendenning, George o fl t and George

Du m fr i h ir Dickson ,three e s e farmers, came to America f 1 8 2 in the spring O 0. They had talked the matter over during the long evenings of the previous winter, an d finally determined to try their fortunes in the

New World . The agricultural distress that prevailed in Ireland f at that time af ected Scotland also, and the wages of farm laborers was only a shilling a day in harvest time . No doubt the love of adventur e and a desire to see more of the world also had s omething to do with ’ o u n m the decision of the y g e n . Passages were secured

on the ship Abi on a , bo und for Miramichi , at which

1 30 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . found, and so the marsh was crossed and Prospect e Farm was reached just as it b gan to grow dark . He ’ would try his fortune here . An old man answered

“ ” h is knock at the door and bade him , Come in, “ h i s but in answer to request for work said , No, I do not want a man, but you had better not go any

- In h further to night ; we will keep you here . t e morning th e proprietor of Prospect revers ed his de c is ion of the night before and decided to give the young

was Scotchman a trial . The result that he remained with the family for three years, and when he left h is i took with him as w fe the youngest daughter. t Mr. Glendenning set led on a new farm at Amherst

Tr u m an v ill a d Head (now e e ), n soon became one of th e most successful farmers of the district. John

i s so n Glendenning , of Amherst, his , and Rev . George

f S . Glendenning, O Halifax , N. , and Robert Glenden

. s US . ning, M . D , of Mas , , are his grandsons C H A P T E R V I I I .

M P R OS P EC T FAR .

HOM PS ON TRUEMAN , the youngest member 1 2 of the family, was married in March , 8 3 , to

- Old Mary Freeze . He was only twenty two years , and young looking for that age . He used to say in later life that he married at j ust the right time .

His Wife was a daughter of Samuel Freeze , of Upper ’ Sussex , King s County . Her mother was Margaret

Wells, daughter Of William Wells , of Point de Bute . The Freezes came from Yorkshire to Cumbe rland

7c in the Du e of Yor k, th e first vessel that landed

Yorkshire emigrants at Halifax . Charles Dixon , the founder of the Dixon name in Sackville, with his family, came out at this time . The Freeze family , when they arrived in Nova Scotia, consisted of Wil liam Freeze , se n , his son William , with his wife and two children . Wm . Freeze , se n , remained in this country only a short time . It was supposed the vessel in which he took passage for England was lost, as his family never heard of him again .

The son,William ,was a mason by trade, but settled on a farm at Amherst Point, now occupied by the n Keillor brothers . He remai ed in Cumberland until the

first of the present century , and then removed to ’ B h ad Sussex, King s County , N . . He become rather 1 3 2 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . discouraged in his efforts to reclaim the salt marsh , and came to the conclusion that it would never be of much value . h d It is said t at Mr. Freeze and his two sons starte in a small boat for Kentucky . When they got as far as the mouth of the Petitcodiac River, they turned their boat up the stream , going with the tide to the head of the river. Leaving the boat, they plunged into the forest and tramped for some distance . At last they concluded they had lost their way and were not likely to reach Kentucky on that route . After some consultation , the father climbed to the top of a tall tree , and from this altitude the rich interval lands of the Upper Ke n n e be casis were full in view . “ ” There is a valley , said Mr. Freeze , and there is

e where my bones are to b laid .

Here Mr. Freeze got a grant of nine hundred acres of land , enough to make farms for himself and his four sons . William , a son, was a great reader and

was f i s student. He very fond O mathematics, and it said that sometimes when he and his boys would go to the field to hoe , he would take a stick and mark on the ground a mathematical figure, and then demonstra t e it for the benefit of his boys . The i d nner horn would sound, and no potatoes had been hoed that morning . John, another son , was a fine singer and took great pleasure in giving singing lessons to the young people in the neighborhood .

The Freezes could all Sing, and most of the men were ’ th e handy with mason s tools, wh ich led some wag to say that the Freezes were all born with stone

134 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

The following letter is among the old papers at

Prospect, written by Samuel Freeze shortly after Polly’s marriage ’ SUSSEX, KING S COUNTY, h 82 February 25t , 1 4 .

R DEAR S ON AND DAUGHTE , o I received yours, favored by Mr. Stockt n , and am happy to h ear that you are all well, with a small exception, such as human nature is subject to . “ I am sorry to hear that the crop of hay has failed so much the last season, which must be a great injury to that part of the country . I believe that we will make out with what hay we have . You speak of h e driving oxen to St . John . T southerly weather that we had about the 1 2th of this month has raised the water and ice to such an unusual height that it has swept almost all the publick bridges downstream in this parish, which cuts o ff our communication from

St . John by sleigh or sled, in a great measure , o r I would have written the butcher, and then could have probably given you a satisfactory answer ; but it i s not the case . 4 . d. Mr . R Stockton informs me that you can get 5 at your own barn . I think that,as the road is ,you had e bett r sell them for the 4 5 per lb . , than to risk the

St. John market, as there is but very little Shipping in at present, and they get what th ey want from a less distance, and the butchers will take every advan tage if they have not been contracted for. This is my opinion , but do as you t hink proper . “ I have se t my h ands to get out some timber this 5 winter. I think about 1 0 tons of yellow pine and 50 of hackmatack , if the sledding continues three

" weeks longer. My crop of grain on my new farm did not answer my expectations, a great part of it was R 1 5 P OSPECT FARM . 3

struck with the rust . I suppose I will get on t h e whole 1 6 acres something more than 1 00 bushels O f grain , viz wheat, buckwheat and rye . I have since exchanged it for an Old farm (and pay 1 70 pounds) ’ “ situate one mile below Matthew Fenwick s , formerly

. 0 owned by Benj Kierstead . It cuts 3 tons English hay The buildings are in tolerable repair. Susan

Freeze talks of coming to see you Shortly . Through the mercy of God I and wife and family are all as well as common .

Dear children, fr om your loving father,

“ SAMUEL FREE"E . R M . THOMPSON TR UEMAN , Westmoreland You will please accept of our love and impart it i it to our chi l ren and friends . “ If, h ereafter, you have beef to sell and wish to take advantage of the St. John market, let me know , ’ h and I will get a butcher s letter W at he will do , and if tha t suits , you can drive your cattle, but I did not get your letter in time to get an answer and send it back to you by the first of March .

A son of Samuel Freeze was sheriff of the county ’

B. of King s, N . , for a quarter of a century , and a grandson i s at present acting as deputy sheriff in that county . Polly Freeze left her home in Sussex to take care of her grandmother in Point de Bute ,and was married there . She had visited her before ,making the journey of eighty miles on horseback , in company with a

‘ A was friend . great part of the way through the

- h e . woods , with no road but a bridle path for t horses 1 36 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Thompson brought his bride to Prospect on the l 1 th 1 8 23 of March , . The marriage certificate reads

m I hereby certify that Tho pson Trueman ,

Bachelor, and Mary Freeze, Spinster, both of Point de ’ Bute, Co ty of Westmoreland,were married by license this eleventh day of March , in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty - three by me ,

’ CHRIS N MILNER ,

Missionary at Sackville . In the presence of : “ JOSEPH AVARD R WM . T UEMAN .

Rev . Mr . Bamford was the Methodist minister on th e Sackville Circuit, which also included Point de f Bute, but a Methodist minister had not the ight, at 1 822 that time , to solemnize marriage . In , the year before Thompson was married , a Methodist minister, m writing of the Trueman fa ily , says

It consists of an old gentleman , h i s wife and ten children , eight of whom are married , making twenty souls . Of this number only two are not members of Society , and they live so far from the means that an d they cannot attend . Eighteen of the family, for anything that can be seen to the contrary , the whole family , are doing well , both as to this world and that which is t o come . Nearly all those who are in our ’ So ciety meet in one class at their parents , who are just tottering into the grave ripe for eternity, and they have lately subscribed one hundred and fifty pounds towards the erection of a chapel in their neigh h d bo u r oo .

1 38 THE C HIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

had been provided for. There were legacies to pay , ’

O f course . Ruth and Albert, Thompson s two eldest ’ children , were born before their grandfather s death . The routine of life at Prospect for the next ten or twelve years was without much change . Two sons and two daughters were added to the family . There ’ was Sickness, but the doctor s visits were not fr e f . . e quent Mr Trueman suf er d at times from . acute rheumatism , often so severe he could not turn him self in bed . In 1 8 29 another attempt was made to aboideau the

Aulae River, and this time it was successful . What proved good ground was found less than a half mile below the place chosen in 1805 . Work to the amount

( . of 1 5s . id in the construction of this aboideau k is credited to the following persons . I do not now that this is the full cost of the work .

3 11 1 4s d Harmon Trueman £ . 9 . 2 Joseph D . Wells 1 4 3 5 William Trueman 1 04 7 5 2 Robert K . Trueman 20 7 9 4 Thomas Trueman . 6 Thompson Trueman 1 10 6 1 0 William Trenholm 100 0 0 William Hewson 60 0 0

This aboideau was superseded in 1 840 by the Etter aboideau , which was thrown across the Aulae about two miles nearer the mouth of the river . This latter

fo u n da work was very expensive to maintain . The tion in one place seemed to be resting on quicksand , R R 1 3 9 P OSPECT FA M .

1 and was constantly settling. In 860 it was decided to abandon the structure and build a new one a bout v two hundred yards higher up the ri er. Two years were taken to finish the new work ,and in the mean

was time the old aboideau kept in repair, which gave much better fac ilities for working at the new one . When the Eastern Extension Railroad was con structed, a right of way was sec ured by the company over the new aboideau , and later, when the road came into the hands of th e Dominion Government, an arrangement was made with the commission ers of the aboideau for maintaining the work that h as proved very satisfactory to both the owners of the marsh and the Government . In the deca de between 18 30 and 18 40 the price of farm produce had dropped very much below what it w as in the earlier years of the centur y . I find Hugh

d . Hamel bought at Prospect 5 59 lbs . of butter for 9 ,

l . . . 6d . 1 00 or 1 5c , per b . , and lbs of cheese for ,or

The next year, 1 834, a sale of cattle was made to

lb . . George Oulton for 4d . per , weight estimated In 8 1 1 1 the same description of beef brought ten cents . 1 In 839 Rev . Mr. Bennet was for some months a

member of the home at Prospect, and later Rev . Mr.

Douglas and M r s . Douglas and Rev . Mr. Barrett spent some time here in the order of their occup ancy of the

Point de Bute Circuit. 1 4 In 8 0 an influenza , much like la grippe , passed

through the country and caused a great many deaths . The family at Prospect were nearly all down with it

at once , but all recovered . 1 40 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

The saddest visitation that ever ca me to this home 28th was in the year 1 8 45 . On the evening of the

July death came a sudden and unexpected guest .

The day h ad been fine, and farm work was going on as usual . Mr . Trueman had been in the grist mill all day . The family had gathered for supper, and a horse stood saddled at the door. There was to be a

h . trustee meeting at t e church that evening, and Mr

Trueman was one of its members . Supper over, he i m ounted h s horse to ride to the church . Ten minutes had not passed when the horse was seen without a S rider, and Mr. Trueman was found a hort distance h a from the house , where he d fallen , to all appear ance, dead . He was quickly carried in and medical aid summoned, but all was of no avail . It was a

M r s . heavy blow . Trueman could not look upon life the same afterwards, and sh e never recovered m fro the great sorrow . There were seven children ,

- the eldest, Ruth, twenty one years of age, and the youngest, Mary , eighteen months .

- Thompson Trueman was in his forty fifth year. He was a heavy man , quite different in build from his w brothers . The writer as but eight years old at that time, and so h as learned about him mainly from others . He seems to have made a great many friends , and was looked upon as an upright man .

One who knew him well said, when he heard of his death, this passage of Scripture came to his mind

Help, Lord, for the godly man ceaseth, and the

' ” am o n t h e faithful fail from g children of men . The years that followed were trying ones at Pros

1 42 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

Provi nce to encourage the use of oatmeal by offering a bonus of £25 to anyone who would build an oat m mill . This led to the addition , and oats were ade into meal for a large district of country for a good many years but the expense of keeping the dam up, and the frequency with which it was carried away by the freshets, must have absorbed most of the profits Of the business. Up to this time agriculture had been the principal

~ industry on the Isthmus . The farmer was the promi nent man in th e neighborhood , and the aim of every young man was to get a farm of his own . h r 1848 Now, o wc , there came a change . In gold was discovered in California, and in 1 8 49 and the ’ ’ early 50s numbers of our young men left for the

- fi l gold e ds. Then came the telegraph service , which called for bright, intelligent young men . Ever since that date agriculture h as declined relatively in the

Maritime Provinces . As the years went by the pro ducts of the western wheat - fie lds came into competi

- tion with the home grown article, and the result was 1 8 72 soon felt in the milling business here . Since

- the grist mill at Prospect,with its three run of stones,

- and the saw mill as well, have been allowed to go to decay . 18 5 In 6 Hiram Trueman married Tryphena Black , of Prince Edward Island , and settled on the second farm north of the old place . Later he sold this farm

S e ar le to wn In and moved to ,Prince Edward Island . . 1 8 57 , Eliza, the second daughter, married William

Avard, of Shemogue . 43 PROSPECT FA R M .

1 8 0 1 1 . In 6 ,April th , Mrs Trueman died ,in the sixty S afte /fifte e n econd year of her age, and r years of widowhood . Sh arge circle of friends, and w as always se who were in need . ’ After her husband s death sh e kept up the family altar , and few mothers have been more earnest in looking after the moral and spiritual welfare of their children .

In 1 8 63 , Ho ward , the third son , married Agnes

Jo h n sto n e , of Napan, Miramichi , and remained at the 4 old home . In January, 1 86 , Margaret , the third daughter, was married to George M . Black , of Dor chester . The same year, i n May , Mrs . Howard

Tr u m an die d 186 e . In July , 7, Howard married Mary

Jean Main , of Kingston, Kent County, daughter of

John Main , of that place . Mary , the youngest daughter, was married to William Prescott, of Bay 1 8 Verte , in 73 . The following minutes of a m e e ti n g held at Prospect

January 4th , 1 8 75, will be of interest The meeting was organized by the appointment of David Lawrence as Chairman,and Howard Trueman

as Secretary . “ The chairman stated the object Of th e meeting was to take steps to celebrate in some fitting way the arrival of the first Trueman family in Nova

Scotia, which took place j u st a hundred years ago. ’ “ On motion of S . B . Trueman , seconded by Edward

Trueman , Resolved , that there be a gathering of the Trueman descendants at the old homestead some f 1 S o 875 . time during the ummer , “ Moved by John A . Humphrey , and seconded by 1 44 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Martin Trueman, and carried, that a committee be appointed to carry out the above resolution , said com m itt e e to consist of representatives from each branch of the family . The following were named as a committee

Martin Trueman . Edward Trueman .

Henry Trueman . Benjamin Trueman .

Thompson Trueman . John Glendenning . L M c e o d. David Lawrence . R . T .

Harman Humphrey . Albert Trueman .

Howard Tr u e m an . It was also decided to number the descendants and have written out a Short histo r y o r genealogy of the family also to place a marble m onu ment to mark the

- l as t resting place of those who first came to America . The celebration was held at Prospect Farm on the

1 - 1 4th July , 875 , and took the form of an all day picnic . A programme was given, consisting of music and addresses. The invitations were not confined to the immediate connection . Friends of the family were included . It was estimated that about

five hundred were present, many coming from widely f was dif erent points . The social intercourse greatly enj oyed , and was looked upon as one of the best

th e o features of reuni n . The following census of the family to date (1875) was given out at that meeting

B e ad L n . o rn . D . ivi g R I M . W LLI AM T R UE M AN (2ND) , M AR R I ED To E LI"ABETH K EILLOR 1 777 Ch ild r e n 10 10 0 ’ HAR N M A TR UE MAN s FAM ILY. Chi l dr e n Gr an dch ild r e n Gr e at- gran dch il dr e n

6 1 1 1 50

1 46 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

’ BETT Y GLENDENNI NO S F AM ILY

Ch il dr e n Gr an dch il dre n Gr e at zgr an dc h ildr e n

’ THOM r sON TR UEM AN s FAM I LY

Ch ildr e n Gr an dch ildr e n Gre at gr an dch ildr e n

1 24

Total i n t h e t e n fam ilie s 141 523

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION .

FAM I LY OF

William Tr u e m an Th om as Tru e m an Joh n Tr u e m an Har m on Tru e m an M ar y An n Hu m ph r e y B e tty Gle n d e n n i n g A m os Tr ue m an S ar ah Lawr e n ce Robe r t Tr u e m an Th om pson Tr u e m an

Tota l 357 63 91 12 523 R R 1 47 P OSPECT FA M .

OCCUPATIONS .

FAM ILY O F

Wil liam Tr ue m an Th om as True m an Joh n True m an Har m on True m an ar H m h M y A . u p re y B e t t y Gl e n d e n n i n g A m os Tru e m an S ar ah Lawr e n e c . R ob e rt Tr u e m an Th om pson Tr u e m an

Total

S O much w as this celebration enjoyed that the decision was quite unanimous that a si milar reunion should be h eld at a future time . This was kept in mind ,and in 18 91 ,seventeen years afterwards,invita tions were sent from Prospect for another gathering of the clan . This time , however, the Scope of th e

e o celebration was xtended . The Hist rical Society of

Sackville w as associated in the event, and all were welcome wh o cared to be present .

This gathering was ca lled the Yorkshire Picnic, and anyone of Yorkshire blood was especially m welco e . An effort was made to get the names of all was visitors recorded , but it not entirely successful . 1 48 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

About three hundred , however, wrote their names below th e following, written by Judg e Morse .

1 891 Visitors to Prospect Farm , July 1 4th , , on the occasion of the reunion of the Trueman family , combined with a picnic of the Historical Society of

Sackville , in commemoration of the coming into the country of the Yorkshire settlers,

“ R WI LLIAM A . D . MO SE , “ J u dg e Co u n ty Cou r t, “ Nova Scotia . The following is a report of that gathering as given in the Chignecto P ost at that time

R YORKSHI E PICNIC . — A LARGE GATHE RING AT PROSPEC T FARM A SUCCESS F UL R HISTO ICAL MEETING .

in v a i n u r ds On Tuesday last,in response to it t o s , pwa of five hundred persons gathered at Prospect Farm ,

Point de Bute, the residence of Messrs . Howard and

Albert Trueman , to commemorate the arrival of the

Yorkshire settlers in this country . The descend ants of the Yorkshiremen had invited the Chignecto

Historical Society , recently formed , to be present , and the formal proceedings of the day were under the o f auspices the latter .

After dinner, Judge Morse , as president of the

Historical Society , in a neat speech spoke of the

O was bjects of the Chignecto Historical Soc iety . It their desire to find out who were the early settlers, and where they came from , and to collect all valuable

S 1 50 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMU .

’ induced in 1 77 2- 3 - 4 a large n u m be r o f families to I II try their fortu n es i n the New World . April and May the first arrivals landed on the bleak and rocky coast near Hali fax , and surrounded as they were with every discomfort, i t was no wonder that they felt discouraged . With their wives the men passed on to Windsor, where they first got a glimpse of the budding orchards left by the French settlers . Here a division was made in the party The women and ch ildren were sent to the head of th e Bay by a series of ferries, and the men pushed on to Annapol is , and later joined their families at Chignecto . To the pluck , loyalty , and industry of the Yorkshiremen

Judge Morse paid many a tribute . To them do we owe our present connection with the Mother Country . When this country from north to south was rent by the rebellion, when the rivers ran blood ,and when the prestige of English arms in Northern America seemed

was r to totter , it the Yorkshi e immigrants who remained firm , and although compelled to suffer h untold ardships and privations , yet they remained loyal to that old flag , whose folds he was pleased to se e - floating in the breeze to day . The speaker gave fully in detail various particulars of the settlement, of the persons interested , and the location of several i mportant landmarks . The Yorkshi remen have done three great acts They made the country ; they preserved the flag ; and they, through the efforts of

- Preacher Black , founded i h this country the prin c i le s p of Methodism , which h as made such steady progress, and which has been the prominent religion R RM 1 5 1 P OSPECT FA .

o wh o for ver a century . He closed by asking all had any historical relics in their possession to com

m u n i . ca te with the officers of the society , and allow them to inspect such . Judge Morse was followed by W Mr. A . B . Black , Amherst ; J . L . Black , Sackville ; .

C . Milner, and the host of the day, Mr. Howard True man , who spoke upon the valuable features of the

Historical Society . n Among those present were Sheriff M c Qu e e , J . A .

M n c u e e . Q , W . J . Robinson (Moncton), Col

Wm . Blair, Hon Hiram Black , J . L . Black , Wm .

E . . s . . Prescott, Jas . Trueman , q (St John), W F George ,

Dr . A . D . Smith , Dr. H . S . Trueman , Rev . Mr. Crisp,

Rev . Mr. Bliss, Conns . Copp and Trueman . “ The house at Prospect Farm is one of the oldest 1 h in the Province, having been completed on June 4t ,

The following is an account of th e one hundredth

“ ” anniversary of the Brick House, taken from the

Moncton Ti m es of July , 1 8 99 :

“ On Friday , Prospect Farm , the residence of

Howard Trueman, Esq. , th e old Trueman homestead at Point de Bute , was the scene of an anniversary that called together representatives of the various branches of the Trueman family that came to this 1 5 country in 77 . The centenary of their settlement here was celebrated by a big picnic twenty - four years ago, and the p r esent one was connected with the building of the Old house one hun dred years — ago a fine English house built of brick and over grown with ivy and climbing roses . The site is one 1 5 2 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . of the most commanding and beautiful in the country, and is justly a spot cherished by all the Truemans with pri de and affection .

The afternoon was charming, though threatening, and the numero us gathering,Old and young, male and female , enjoyed themselves to the utmost . The O ldest member of the family pres ent was the venerable Martin Trueman, of Point de Bute , aged eighty - four years , still hale and vigorous, and enjoy ing life as well as the youngest. The next oldest was Thompson Trueman , of Sackville , father of Mrs .

- (Senato r) Wood, aged eighty three, also a very

i w . vigorous man . With n a few eeks Mr Joseph

Trueman ,also of the same generation, the father of

as . Judge Trueman, of St. John, has p sed to his rest

Mr. Henry Trueman , father of M r s. James Colpi tts, was p revented by the i n fir m itie s of age from being present . Amongst others of the same generation

n were Mrs Eunice Moore, of Moncto n , a d Mrs . Amelia

S . Black , of Truro, N . Others belonging to the older generation were James Trueman , of Hampto n ; Alder i Trueman , of Sack v lle , and Benjamin Trueman of

Point de Bute . “ A you nger generation embraced Judge Trueman , l of A bert ; Pickard Trueman, James Amos Trueman ,

- ex Coun . Amos Trueman and George Trueman . There was a large representation present of those

connected with Mr. Trueman by marriage or blood ,

as Squire Wm . Avard, Br istol ; Collector Prescott,

M c Cr e ad f Bay Verte ; Al bert Carter, C. F. y, Sherif

Mc - u e e n o e o . Q , ex c ll ct r James D . Dickson, George M

1 54 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHM US . t h e first Methodist church built in Canada, a stone church that stood by the Point de Bute Cemetery . h i s . a S Mr. J . L Bl ck poke of first visi t to the old house . When not more than fourteen years Old, he had been put on a horse and sent to the mill with a was bag of wheat. On telling who he was he sent to the house and fed with gin gerbread and h is pockets

filled with cake . Mr . Black paid a high tribute to the sterling character of the men of the old days, but was Of the O pinion that the men of these days scarcely were their equals .

“

Mr . Dr. Ganong, Mr. Milner and George not k ’ H Br e c e n was . e responding , Dr . called upon claimed Yorkshire descent and supposed the stubbornness his wife complained of was due to the Yorkshire blood

r . in him . He sometimes wonde ed , as Mr Black had done , whether the race was not degenerating . He certainly could not stand as much exertion as h i s father could . The style o f oratory was also very ff di erent from what it used to be . We have few of the finely finished speeches that characterized the old days .

Dr. Allison said : All the speakers claimed some h connection with the Tr u emans or Yorkshire , but e had not a drop of English blood in h i s veins , using it s a English in n rrower sense . None , however, had a keener appreciation of the Yorkshire element than himself. Charles Allison , the founder of the Insti t u t i n h o s, t e one who had done more than any other to make the name of Allison to be remembered , chose for his partner in life a member o f the True R R 1 5 5 P OSPECT FA M .

w man family . Mankind as not degenerating . Won d e r fu l things have been accomplished Since this

a h country w s first settled . Divine providence as not constructed the railway and telegraph , but man .

w a a Dr. Brecken s j ust s good a man as hi s father, and a much g r eater orator than the men of those days . The men of the past suited the past, but a ’ f - dif erent type is required to day . The chairman then announced that lunch would be served , and the other Speakers would say a few

words later in the afternoon . “ After lunch Judge Trueman , of Albert, took the m sa platfor , He id it gave him much pleasure to be at the picnic , not only to meet S O many friends, but to se e the o ld place where he was born and spent his youth . He knew every knoll and hollow of the old

farm . He thought everyone who had the Trueman blood in him ought to feel on excellent terms with himself after hearing so many nice things said about l the fami y .

“ Prof . Andrews, who followed , agreed with Dr.

Allison in thinking the race was not degenerating,

and claimed if the people to - day would spend as much

as time out of doors did their fathers , they would be

even stronger . He gave some proofs that actually i s the race improving physically . In the old times

the weakest all died o ff, and only the tough old nuts

remained . He told some remarkable stories of what

he had undergone when a young man , that he h i claimed to be saving for s grandchildren . It gave him much pl easure to attend this celebration which

would pass into history . 1 56 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

w as v . M r Re . . Batty , of Amherst, introduced by

- the chairman as a true bred , native born Yorkshire man . Mr. Batty said , judging from the number around him , if all the Yorkshiremen had prospered as the Truemans there would be a new Yorkshire h e ld more prosperous than t O . He had not realized what kind of a picnic this was until he saw the lines of carriages driving through Amherst. On inquiring he found it was the gathering of the clans at Prospect . He considered these historic gatherings most important in the development of a country . He then gave a most interesting account of York M shire and Yorkshire ethodism . He had never seen a wooden house until he came to this country , and it stirred old memories to stand again under the shadow of a brick house that reminded him strongly of his ’ grandfather s house in Yorkshire . If people here want to se e Englishmen come to Canada they must do away with snake fences,sulphur matches, and bad i s th e roads . Agriculture done for in England , and fathers realize that their sons must come to Canada . No Westmoreland man would complain i f he knew how well o ff he was . “ In closing he thanked all for their attention, Mr.

Trueman for his invitation , and said he was going to write a full account of the gathering for the York shire papers and send it at once . “ Votes of thanks were presented to Mr. and Mrs .

Trueman, the host and hostess, and to Dr . Chapman , the chairman, after which all j oined in the National ” Anthem .

1 58 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . house, everyone intent upon doing his or her best to celebrate the anniversary .

“ There were people present from St . John, from

Moncton , from Albert CO , from Bay Verte, from

Amherst , from Nappan, from Sackville , and from all the surrounding country . There was the grand father and grandmother, whose silvery hair and bent form contrasted strongly with the spr ightliness of the B u young toddlers who were very much in evidence . t a smile was on every face and nobody was made to

' feel that he was a stranger . From the top of the highest tree floated the Canadian ensig n ,while nearer the house the ancient folds of the Union Jack were

Spread to the breeze . “ The old h ouse was thrown open to all,and many persons had the pleasure of seating themselves in the chair which was brought to this country by the first of the name who touched upon it s shores . This ’ article of furniture, together with a grandfather s clock , are the property of Mr . Trueman, and , needless sa b to y, are very highly prized y him . They are remarkably well preserved, and the clock still keeps excellent time .

On the grounds, quite near the house , a platform had been improvised , and during the afternoon Short L addresses were made by Howard Trueman , JOS . .

o . . Black , Judge Trueman , of Albert C , Rev Mr. Batty ,

Of - Amherst, Prof . Andrews , Dr. Brecken , Dr . Allison and others . Tea was served on the grounds in true Bohemian style, but everybody enjoyed it. The evening

1 60 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

22 1 80 ar WILLIAM TR UE M AN, born No v . , 7 M ri e d 25 22 806 JAN E R I P LEY 1 88 Jan . 1 , April , 7 } , .

T HE R CHI LDR EN I .

BO T HOM M A RR IE NAME RN. o W D . .

an . 1 83 1 st h e r e 9 80 . 1 R Willi am . J , 7 E ipl y 34 r a 1809 . 1 n s m t h M ary An n Se pt . 25 , 8 F ci S i 1 4 R e r aw 20 18 1 1 . 83 b t e t t J an e D De c . , o F c 2 an 1 14 . 1835 h a a h er Alice J . , 8 Hug G ll g

1 18 15 . 1844 an e e n H e n r y R De c . 7, J W ldo 2 n 4 18 18 . 1843 a e t . t t Jose ph M ar . , J S Sco 4 za e t h 2 1 22 . 1 E B e n jam i n Au g . 5 , 8 8 8 li b We ldon 4 M 1 1825 . 18 9 ar a Is aac Jan . 8 , y Bl ck 12 1 2 R e r t R e be cca Jul y , 8 7 . 1855 ob t Sco 2 2 E za e h e t . 6 18 9 . h n h ar t e r s Sara li b t . . S p , Jo C

30 1832 . 1856 am e s t t Ch r ist i an n a No v. , J Sco

2 J O HN TR UEM AN, born Jan . , 1784 M arr i e d

NAN CY PALM E R , 1806 .

THEIR CHILDR EN .

NA M E. BORN To WHOM M A RRIED C am . . .

r 30 180 h n o Ap il , 7 . Jo S . C y 4 1 2 1 1 . Aug . , 8 M ar H ar r ison

8 1 1 . Se pt . , 8 3 Die b o n n

F e b . 1 5 , 18 16 . Re b e c ea Véo o d

J n e 23 18 18 . h a o s . F s n u , C . Alli R e be cca R e yn old s M ay 10, 1821 { J an e Evan s

e t . 2 S p 6 , 1823 . Sar ah An n Black

M ar . Did n o t m ar r y M r 2 a . 0 3 , 18 9 . Sam u e l Sh ar p

t . 1 32 e 6 8 . r n R bt . t S p , o A . S o g 1 6 1 PROSPECT FAR M .

A 6 1 6 M a THOM AS TR UEM AN , born pril 1 , 78 rri e d G E J l 1 88 J 1 1 18 P OLI CE NE OR , u y 10, 7 uly , 05 .

THE R CH LDR E N I I .

A E BO RN To WHOM M A RR IED RLII. N M . . . O

22 ar t e r Elizabe t h E F e b . , Th o m as C

be G M ar . e u n A l . Di d yo g m r e e Olivi a E b . VVl ll l am L Fe b . { Car olin e Sh ar pe 1 1 9 18 . r n e T hom as F Fe b . , 1835 H arr i e t P i c H ar m on H e n r y July 21 , 18 13 1837 J an e Ch apm an

De 1 18 1 . r t e r Lu c A c . 9 5 e h a y . , 1835 Jos p C 1 2 18 6 . n Joh n S t ar r Oc t . , Die d you g 5 18 1 1 n ar De c . 1 8 . 8 41 am M y J . , Willi Dixo

1846 E za r e n h m . 2 1821 li T ol R ufus F Fe b . Fr an ci s Sm i t h . An n e n t E war F e b . L d d S Sar a . B Fr an ce s B M ay Sam ue l Sh ar p a 1 1 2 1 5 1 am m t h Pam e lia C M y 3 , 8 7 . 8 Willi S i

1853 Pa m e a S m t h . . h li i C ar le s E Ap r . {S u m Bow se r

B 2 M ar e G IL E RT LAWR ENCE,born Oc t . 7, 1785 ri d

R 16 14 1808 . S A AH TR UEM AN , M ar . , 1784 A pril ,

THE R CH LDR E I I N .

AME H ARR IED r) N . BORN. To W OM M . Cut .

M ar e r t n Fe b . 1836 Full o May Di

A r . an e P s e p 1833 D i l ug l y .

l 18 15 ; . 1 3 s e h at e s Oc t . , 83 Jo p Co n n e e Apr . 184 1 A i Full r t on July 184 1 J am e s Fulle r t o n 1846 ar F e r t n v M y ull o No . 19,1822 1872 Am e lia Don ki n

F eb . 1847 J e s se Full e r t on o m a r Ap r . Did n t r y J n e 2 1 5 1 as s e u , 8 Dougl R . Pug l y

A r . 4 1 3 . 1856 e r t n . p , 8 3 David P . Full o 1 6 2 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

AM OS TR UEM AN , bor n M ay23 , 1 791 M ar r ie d

20 1 99 O t e r 2 1 81 . S USANN A R I P LEY, F e b . , 7 c ob , 7

THEI R CHILDR EN .

A E N. TO WHOM M A R RIE D. HLD N M . BOR C .

1 R e r M t h e An n July 850 ob t J . i c ll 2 1840 an e F n a Joh n Oc t . , J i l y 29 1821 M ar y Au g . , 5 18 1 h a n a e 10 182 . F H n r y Se pt . , 4 Sop i i l y E l za De c 24 1 2 185 1 h o m as M t h e b 8 6 . i e t h . , T i c ll M r Did n o t m ar r J ane a . y R h e 1856 Em br e e o u t S pt . W od R e be a A r 21 1852 am M t h e cc p . , Willi i c ll 18 1863 s e h o e Susan n a No v . , Jo p D yl Sar ah July 8, 1865 David Pat te r son

1 5 1 94 r R O B ER T TR UE M AN, bor n J uly , 7 M a ri e d

1 5 1 96 an a 8 181 . E UNICE B ENT, F e b . , 7 J u ry , 7

T R LDR N HEI CHI E .

.

NA M E. BORN To HOM M AR RIED. . W a .

2 Oc t . 9 181 184 4 an e a , 7 . J Bl ck A r 2 1 4 d . M c Le o p . 8, 8 0 J . W 24 M ar . Did n o t m ar r , y .

W rLLI AM HUM P HR EY, born M ar r i e d M R ANN TR M N A Y UE A J 1 1 96 v 21 1820. , uly 0, 7 No . ,

THEI R CHILDR EN

N M A E . BORN. TO WHOM M AR R IED lILD . C .

Oc t . 2 1 2 1 a e ar s 4 , 8 1 86 3 H t t i e H . S De c 23 1 5 S a ah a r r . , 85 H i s . M a 1 1 25 I 4 E . R S 5 . s h y 9, 8 . Bi op F e 28 1829 1 5 1 u c Lo an b . , 8 y g 1859 gali n a Coate s M y ‘ 2’1831 { 1878 E m ily Dixo n

No v . 19 J s e h L a . , o p . Bl ck A r p .

1 6 4 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Silas was a man of sterling principles, generous almost t o a fault, and O f more than ordinary intel was lectual force . He the kind of man that would have delighted the practica l mind Of the Apostle was James . Under all circumstances his aim to i make h is practice accord with h s profession . His death took place at his home in Point de Bute in 1 860.

Thomas Lawrence was a general favorite , and had the reputation of being better to others than to him h i . s self Children trusted him at once . He died at

N . 1 8 S 6 . home in Nappan , . , in 7 Margaret Truem an was one of the most charitable of women , always ready with a kind word or deed ’ whenever Opportunity O ffered . She finished life s 1 journey in Mexico , in 897 .

Jane Trueman i s still living .

Albert died in September , 1 901 , at his home , was Prospect Farm . He born in the brick house , and lived there h is full life Of seventy - five years i and f ve months . He had many friends and no enemies .

Ruth lived her life of Sixty - three years in the Old home where sh e was born , and died in 1 8 87 .

She was thoughtful and fond of reading, and did what sh e could to cultivate a taste for reading in those who came under her influence . Her religious convictions were decided , but not demonstrative . She delighted in conversation where literature and authors were the subjects . Macaulay was one of her

favorite writers . R R 165 P OSPECT FA M .

’ When Ruth s brothers and sisters were young, and books were not so common as now ,sh e very often ’ read aloud to her mother and the family . Macaulay s

’ “ Essays and History , Prescott s works, the Literary ” Garland , and lighter works were read from time to ’ l ea s n s time as circumstances or taste dictated . G o

P a h An - axon S c h - A i c tor i l , t e glo S , the o ttis m er i ca n , ’ r' erf M a azi n e w and Ha p s g were read ith great interest . She was a subscriber to the Cen tu r y M agaz in e at the ’ time O f her death . Some of Hannah More s sacred dramas were frequently read on a Sabbath evening . The writer remembers well how we younger children enjoyed the moment when David ,

From h is we ll - dire cte d slin g, quick h u r l e d,

- With de xt-e r o u s ai m , a st on e , wh ich san k d e e p lodge d ’ ” h a io u fo r e h e ad th e fo e In t e c ap c s of . And

“ Th e m igh ty m as s of m an fe ll pron e , ' h i ts o wn we h t h i s sh a t e r e k was se Wit ig , t d bul brui d . ’ ’ S t raigh t t h e youth d r e w from h i s sh eath t h e gian t s p o n d r o u s

swor d ,

An d fr om t h e e n or m ou s tr u n k t h e gory h e ad , fu r iou s in ” r d e ath , h e se ve e d .

The language was rather beyond us, but we knew

that David had killed the giant, and we did not

bother about the big words . Or, when little Moses f was left in the ark O bulrushes, exposed to all the

dangers of the Nile swamp, how we almost trembled lest some evil should befall him before Pharaoh’s

daughter could rescue him , and rej oiced to think that Miriam did her part so well as to get her mother as a

nurse for the little brother. Ruth seemed to enjoy 16 6 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS. reading these dramas over and over quite as much as S h e fe n de r we enj oyed listening to them . grew of reading as sh e grew older, and would talk of the characters in a book as if they were as real to her as her personal friends . Ruth was deeply interested in the confederation of the Provinces when that question was before the Of people . After giving the matter a good deal h thought s e decided in favor of the union . In early f days, because O sympathy for a friend, she had conceived a prejudice against Dr . Tupper,who began h is public life in Point de Bute , and with whom she w as personally acquainted . The family at Prospect were supporters Of Howe and the Liberal party in

Nova Scotia at this time, but Howe had turned his

T- back on Confederation, and Dr . upper was the

v leader of the Confederate party in that Pro ince . Ruth was exceedingly anxious that t h e principle of union should triumph, and it was a grief to her that

. h Dr Tupper should triumph wit it. But she lived long enough to forgive him and to appreciate th e good work Sir Charles did for Canada . The Free School question was another problem in h which s e was greatly interes ted , and as one of

' wa l her favorite cousins s i n the election of 8 72,in which free non - sectarian schools were on trial in

New Brunswick (at least, so thought the friends of O f h this measure), s e was anxious as to the outcome Of the elections . and well pleased when they resulted well for free schools . Of the twenty members of the second generation now living , the women outnumber the men thirteen

CHAPTER IX.

F AM I LI ES CONN ECTED B Y M ARRIAGE WI TH THE

S ECON D GEN ERATI ON OF TR UE AIANS .

WELLS.

i n ILLIAM WELLS , the first O f the name

Point de Bute, was one of the Yorkshire was t h e band . He a mason by trade, and built

Methodist Chapel at Thirs k before leaving Yorkshire .

He married Margaret Dobson . The Dobsons lived in

Sowerby , near Thirsk , and were among the first to accept the teachings of John Wesley . Mr. Wells did not come direct to Halifax , but landed at Bosto n,and , t after staying there some months, came to For Cum 2 was 1 . o berland . This in 77 He bought pr perty in f Upper Point de Bute , very near to that O his father i — is n law , George Dobson . This property still in the name of its original owner, a rare thing in this country , as very fe w families hold the sa me property for a century and a quarter. i Mrs . Wells was the mother of thirteen children, s x of whom died in early life . The remaining seven married and settled in the country . They were — married as follows George to Elizabeth Freeman, of Amherst ; William to Catharine Allan , Of Cape

Tormentine ; Mary to George Chappell , O f Bay Verte ; 1 69 FAMILIES CONNECTED BY MARR IAGE .

Elizabeth to Jonas Allan , O f Cape Tormentine ; Mar O f garet to S . Freeze , Amherst Point ; Jane to Bill a Chappell , O f B y Verte ; and Joseph to Nellie Tren holm , of Point de Bute . William Wells was an acti ve member O f th e

Methodist Church . He enjoyed a special gift in prayer, and not infrequently, in the absence of the minister, read the burial service Over the dead .

“ ld : r d I find this entry in the O journal June 3 , — l 18 1 1 Mrs . Jane Fawcett departed this life May 3 st , ’ very suddenly ; was well about ten O clock , and died ’ before eleven o clock ; was buried Sunday afternoon ”

Es . by Wm . Wells, q e The following lett r, written a century ago by Mr . d Wells , may have some interest for his escendants .

The letter was. addressed to William Trueman .

' R R R— Am DEA B OTHE sorry to hear of Mr. ’ bu t h is i s Bennet s indisposition , am glad case hopeful . h as I trust the Lord more work to do for him yet. Respecting myself should be glad to come to see my dear friends, but the journey appears to be to o much for me to perform , for I was exceeding bad yesterday, and , altho this day I feel a little freer from pain, yet is my weakness great . If I should be better towards the latter part of the day maybe I may try to come, but I have hitherto felt worse at t h e latter part of h f the day . I pray God t at our light a flictions may work out for us a far more and exceeding weight of glory . fi' Yours a e c . ,

W . WELLS. i Saturday morn ng, 1 th 1 Nov . 3 , 802. 1 70 THE CHIGNECTO I STHMUS .

The descendants O f William Wells are widely scattered over New Bru nswick and Nova Scotia, and a good number have emigrated to the United States .

C . . Charles H. , Charles , James, and Joseph D Wells , — great grandsons, represent the name in Point de Bute

W. and Jo lic u r e . The late Woodbury Well s, be and Mr. Justice Wells , of Moncton, also are mem rs

- w i s Of this family , while Lieut . Governor Sno ball a

- great grandson Of William Wells .

BLACK .

William Black was born in Paisley, Scot land, in 2 17 7. When a young man he removed to Hudders

field , England , and engaged in the linen and woollen 1 74 e drapery business . In 7 he prospect d Nova Scotia with a view to settlement,an d purchased a large block of land near the present town O f Amherst . The next h i f year h e brought s family, con sisting O wife,four N sons and a daughter, to ova Scotia, and settled on his new farm .

William Black was twice married , and lived to the

- great age of ninety three years . He Spent the last h i years O f s life in Dorchester, where he left a large h i family by s second wife . He was the father of

William Black , who h as been designated the Father Of Methodism in the Lo wer Provinces .

The Blacks have proved good citizens, and h ave contributed their full sh are to the development of the country . R PU DY . Ne w The Purdys were Loyalists from York State .

o — Three brothers came to this c untry Henry ,Gabriel ,

. and Gilbert Jacob ,a fourth , remained in New York .

1 72 THE CHIG NECTO ISTHMUS .

d Mr. Thompson oes not appear to have gone into possession , and some fO It y years later his widowed

n daughter, am bitio s for the welfare of her fatherless

o n fami ly , se t out from Lebanon, Conn , with her s

Josiah to find this lost heritage . “ B They appear to have come to Dorchester , N . . , by ’ a schooner commanded by o n e Lige Ayre , so called . ’ Why they should have gone first to Westmoreland s f O f Shire town, instead O direct to the Eldorado their dreams is one Of the unknowable things, but pre su m ably the exigencies of travel in those days had s something to do with it. Both passenger and mail matter went by dead reckoning, so to speak , and could seldom get direct conveyance to their destination . “ Ol In the yellowed leaves of a century d diary . ’ penned by the hand of Senator Wood s grandfather, and also from letters , we find quaint comments and an interesting insight into the lives Of the early settlers . T h e journal was begun in October, 1 800, when

was - ld h is Josiah Wood twenty four years O . He and mother, after visiting in Canard, appear to have made f Im their home or the t e being in Newport, N. S . , where in t h e cloth mill of Alexander Lockhart

Josiah found employment . The young man seems to have had all the business acumen and habits of

h i s industry that distinguish posterity . When work in the mill was slack he taught school , beginning n with four scholars . Eve ing amusements consisted of husking parties, etc . , where Mr . Wood contributed RY RR 1 3 FAMILIES CONNECTED MA IAGE . 7

n to the festivities by flute playi g and songs . His idea of a vacation was taking a load of cabbages to sell in Windsor, where h i s sole extravagance was buying a bandana handkerchief .

“

M r s . r Wood filled in her time,though hardly p o fit h ably, by having smallpox . T is dread disease did not seem to cause any dismay in those days . The neighbors came and went with kindly ministrations

- to the sick woman ,and the so n p ursued h is work in the mill , quite .unconscious that according to modern science he was weaving the death - producing microbe into every yard of cloth . “ 1 801 In February, ,Mrs. Wood and Josiah went to

‘ Halifax , where they put up at the Sign The Bunch of Grapes ’ The diary speaks of their visiting ‘ Mr. Robie , Mr. Blowers, the Chief Justice and the ’ gover nor, with regard to their land , but to no purpose , their claim being considered invalid . “ In the fall of the same year they returned to

Dorchester, where Josiah not lon g after married Miss

h is n Ayre . He died in early thirties,leaving two you g

children , Mariner and Ann . The widow married Philip Palmer and afterwards went to live in Sack N B ville , . . They had eight children , Martin , who

O f settled at Hopewell Cape ; Dr . Rufus Palmer,

Albert ; Stephen Palmer, of Dorchester ; Charles, f Jabez , and the Misses Palmer, O Sackville, and

Judge Palmer, of St. John .

“ Miss Ann Wood went to livewith her g randmother

at Fort Lawrence , while Mariner continued with his

stepfather, commencing business in a small way O II 174 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS.

r his own account at an early ag e . He pu chased in ’ course of time the property adjoining Mr. Palmer s, in Sackville, where he built a store and dwelling

‘ ’ which is known as The Farm , and continued his ever growing business at the same stand till his 1 5 1 8 71 its death, in 87 . In the firm assumed present

f . name O M . Wood Sons “ During his genealogical research Senator Wood h as found relatives whom his branch of the family ’ had lost sight of for a century . The Se nator s grand father had a brother, Charles Thompson Wood, born at Lebanon , Conn , October , 1779. He married

Elizabeth Tracy , an d pursued the trade of hatter in 18 0 Norwich , Conn . He died in 7 , leaving two chil dren, Charles Joseph and Ra chel Tracey, both of 1 830 whom married and in moved to Kinsman , Ohio . l The children of this Charles J . Wood are iving at

Kinsman , and Senator Wood visited his long lost ’ Th e le asu r relatives this autumn . p e was mutual ,and ’ while the Senator would tell Of many years patient i ’ seeking for h s father s kindred , they related the story which had been told them by their father of his u ncle , who had gone to the wilds O f Canada and f — M i s o w n h O . l Jo n never been heard more s C gs e l i S t. D l a i y S u n .

MCLEOD .

Alexander M c Le o d was born on board ship in th e 1 1 h Dublin harbor, t December , 1 773 . His father

4 2n d belonged to the Highlanders , a regiment then A on its way to augment the British force in merica . This regiment was on active service during the

176 TH E CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

home was in Newark,N . J. ,where his widow and three M c Le o d daughters still live . Mr. never lost his love h i for the old flag for which s grandfather fought, and although so many years of his life were spent in th e

United States, where he always took a great interest in all public questions, he never became a n aturalized

- fiv e citizen o f the Republic. He lived to be eighty M L d years of age . Robert Trueman c e o , of Dunvegan , i Point de Bu t c , s a so n of Wesley M c Le o d .

Alexander first married Sarah Trueman ,of Point de h Bute, by whom e had five children . His second wife

was U . S . Georgina Hultz , of Baltimore ,

Robert, the youngest son of th e first family , w as in the Confederate Army in 18 60, and lost an arm at

Fort Sumter. He afterwards graduated with honors from Harvard and died in Europe while travelling th e h is for benefit of health . M L d Alexander c e o was a Methodist preacher, and a Doctor of Divinity when that title was not so com a i w mon s it s now . He as one of the editors of the P r o vi n c i a l Wesl n h i s eya . Like brother Wesley, the h i s last years of life were spent in the United States , where both he and his wife were engaged in literary work . The following extract is taken from a letter written by a member of the M c Le o d family in reply to one asking for information

Your letter was received a couple of days ago and I would gladly send you all the information we have , but the most of it is so vague that i t is quite all unsatisfactory for your purpose . Of course we F AM ILIES CONNECTED BY RR MA IAGE . 1 77 know very positively that the M c Le o ds sprang from the best and most honorable clan of old Scotland .

We have improved some in manners, for we no longer drive our foes into caves, and smoke them to death . (We only wish we could . ) We no longer brag that we were not beholden to Noah , but had — boats of our own that would relate u s to o nearly — ” to Lillith but still we are proud of our ancestors .

AVARD .

was Au stl . e Josep h Avard born in the town of St .

1 1 . Cornwall , England , in 76 At twelve years of age ' l kin k r h e was apprenticed to a c o c a e , with whom he

remained eigh t years . He married Frances Ivey, in

2 was - 178 . Mr. Avard appointed a class leader, and for seven years never failed to be present at th e was regular meeting of its members . He intimately h is acquainted with Mr. Wesley ,and attended funeral , at which there was said to be thirty thousand people h c h is present . He also heard C arles Wesley prea h

last sermon .

In 178 9 Mr. Avard was one of nine charter mem ’ ber s of t h e Strangers Friend Society, organized by

Dr . Adam Clark . The object of the Society was the relief of distressed families in the town of Br isto l was where Mr. Avard lived . He made a local preacher 1 90 an d in 7 . For a short time he lived in London, a daughter was buried in the City Road burying

1 806 . ground . In Mr Avard emigrated to Prince

Edward Island, landing at Charlottetown on May 1 8 1 3 . 1 5th , where he remained until In the fall of

that year h e left Char lottetown, with th e in ten tion 12 178 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

S . of going to Windsor,N. ,but on reaching Bay Verte r he decided to stay the winte in New Brunswick . A part of the time was spent in Fort Lawrence, and in the spring he removed to Sackville , where he made his home until near the close of life . He died at his ’ li u r - son s home, in Jo c e ,in his eighty seventh year. Of the three children that came with Joseph Avard to America, Elizabeth married John Boyer, of Char lo t teto wn ; Adam Clark entered the ministry ,and died 1 21 in Fredericton, in 8 ; Joseph was educated in

Bristol , England , and soon after his arrival in America found h is way to Chignecto and taught 1 81 school several years in Point de Bute . In 3 he married Margaret Wells , daughter of William Wells, of Point de Bute . They had a family of seven sons and four daughters, four of whom are still living N B John, William and Charles , of Shemogue , . . , and M n c u e e . Mrs . Q , of Point de Bute William married

Eliza Trueman .

u n Joseph Avard ,j , was a man of strong character, and when he set h is will to do a piece of work he was generally successful . He settled first in Jo li c u r e , where he conducted a farming and mercantile busi ness. He subsequently bought a large tract of land

B . in Shemogue , N . , and for many years he was farmer,

- ship builder and merchant in that locality, where he h i spent the last thirty years of s life .

1 838 r In , while on a business t ip to River Philip,

Mr. Avard was greatly shocked , as were the public in general , with the report that an entire family h ad been murdered in the vicinity , and that

1 80 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

- ments following,as will b e Seen, refer to this piece of early history :

’ E RETA P ROVINCIAL S O RY S O FFICE , “ l oth 1 838 HALIFAX, July, . — f S IR, It appearing by the report O the Local Authorities at Amherst that the prompt of the ‘ arrest supposed perpetrator of the atrocious murders r e c e n t ly committed in the County of Cumberland is mainly attributable to your zealous exertions, I have it in command to request you to believe that His

- Excellency the Lieut. Governor and H . M . Counci l highly appreciate the important services which, at much personal risk ,you rendered in pursuing ,for u p wards o f 100 miles, and apprehending the Prisoner ; and it is my pleasing duty to request you to accept of the best thanks of His Excellency and the Council for your admirable conduct on that occasion . I have the honor to be

(1 Your most obedient “ Humble Servant, “ R R . RUPE T D . GEO GE ES R P . JOSEPH AVA D , Q J . ,

Westmoreland .

’ Av r . a Mr d s reply .

R O WESTMO ELAND C WESTMORELAND, N . B 1 8th 1 8 38 July , .

S IR — , I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt l o h of your note of the t . instant conveying to me in a most gratifying manner the approbation Of His Excellency th e Lieute nant - Govern or and Her BY RR 1 8 1 FAMILIES CONNECTED MA IAGE .

Majesty ’s Council of my conduct in pursuing and apprehending Doyle , t h e supposed perpetrator of the murder in the County of Cumberland , and beg leave i throu gh you t . acquaint His Excellency and Her Majesty’s Council that were it possible for me to pos sess any stronger sense of my duty (as a magistrate) to Her Majesty and the Government than I formerly felt, I must do so from th e very handsome manner i n which they have been pleased to appreciate and ac knowledge my services on that occasion . I have the honor to be “ Your Obedient

Humble Servant ,

“ THE HONOR ABLE JOSEPH AVA R D . “ R RUPERT D . GEO GE ,

Provincial Secretary ,

Halifax , NS .

DIXON . Charles Dixon was one of the first of the Yorkshire

a settlers to arrive in Nova Scotia . He s iled from l h D u k Liverpool on the 6t March , on board the e of

Yo r k, and after a voyage of six weeks and four days f arrived safely at the port O Halifax . Mr. Dixon

“ a s ys of himself . I . Charles Dixon , was born March

8 ld 1 0 Ki r le av i n n th, O style , in the year 73 , at g to , near Yarm , in the east riding of Yorkshire , in Old ’ England . I was brought up to the bricklayer s trade with my father until I was about nineteen years of

l - age, and followed that calling ti l the twenty ninth m an u fac year of my age . I then engaged in a paper

tory at Hutton Rudby,and followed that business for 18 2 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

the space of about twelve years with success . At the age of thirty - one I married Susanna Coates,by whom ” have had one so n and four daughters . Three more ’ children were added to Mr . Dixon s family , and in 1 891 h i s descendants in America n umbered of

40 h ad whom were living and 7 died .

Charles Dixon settled in Sackville, N R , and very soon became one of the leading men in that com was h is munity . He a zealous Methodist biographer

“ says : Hi s house was a home for the early Methodist preachers, to whom he always gave a warm and ” hearty welcome . Mr. Dixon was one of the members who took an active part in the erection of the first

Methodist church in Sackville , while he and his l neighbor, Wil iam Cornforth , whose land adjoined , jointly se t apart about four acres of land for a f Methodist parsonage . One of the latest of his ef orts at writing contained instructions to his executors to sell certain articles of his personal property to as sist in furnishing the Methodist parsonage . There are not many of the Dixon name n o w living in Sackville . The boys of the families have had a tendency to seek wider fields for the exercise of their energies . The late James Dixon, of Sackville , the f historian O the family, was a man of strong char acter and more than ordinary ability .

a Willi m Coates Dixon married Mary J . Trueman 1 841 in , and resided in Sackville until th e death Of

M r s. Dixon , which took place in 1 844 . Subsequently he married Harriet E . Arnold and settled on a farm at Maidstone , Essex County , Ontario . James Dixon,

‘ 184 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

His was n . twice married. first wife Hannah Widde O f Ba was The late Charles T . Prescott, y Verte , his youngest son by his second wife, Maria Hammill .

Mr. Charles Prescott married Matilda E . Madden , I S M W m April 30, . illia , Robert and Joseph, of Bay

Verte , are sons o f Charles T . Prescott. William mar ried Mary Trueman , of Point de Bute .

‘ PR INCE . t h 1 8 MONCTON , March 9 , 99. a Dear Mr. Truem n I have just received your card requesting i n fo r sa mation respecting my family . In answer I may y that my late father w as a native of North Yarmouth , near the city of Portl and , United States . He emi 1 8 1 t grated to this country in the year 3 , loca ed in Moncton,and was engaged in mercantile pursuits until the time of h is death in 1 8 5 1 , paying o n e hundred cents on the dollar . After taking the oath of wa allegiance he s appointed a magistrate , the duties of which b e discharged with great fidelity until th e time of his removal from earth . “ My father was a sincere Christian and a deacon in the Baptist Church , and died much lamented . His family consisted of twelve children, si x sons and si x daughters . May , the eldest, married a Mr . Gallagher and had several children, most of whom are dead . Mr Emily, second daughter, married . John Newcomb, father of the distinguished astronomer,Prof. Newcomb,

- of world wide reputation . Joseph married Miss

Harris . Harriet married Mr . Thos . Trueman . Wil liam h as been an accountant in the railway offices of ’ this city . John s wife was Miss Embree ,of Amherst,

* R e v h n . Jo Pr i n ce was a r e spe ct e d m i n i st e r o f t h e M e t h odi st h r h H C u c . e joi n e d t h e Ch ur ch i n Poi n t d e Bu t e an d com m e n ce d h i s m n st r t h e r e i i y . BY R 18 5 FAMILIES CONNECTED MAR IAGE .

h is i s M r s . M r and second wife Cynthia , formerly s .

Mariner Wood . James resided in St . John ; George and H Henry ,both dead . George never married ; enry re sided i n Truro at the time of h is death and w as married

M . to iss Raine ,daughter of Capt Raine ,a retired naval

m . O fficer . Rebecca, Sarah and Ruth never arried As a family we were all as well educated as the ’ circumstances would admit . My father s people in the Uni ted States were nearly all Congregationalists, and my great - grandfather Prince w as a minister of was that body . He pastor of a church in N e wb u r y h is port, and is buried in a vault under pulpit. A few years ago I visited that place, partly to se e the

was - church , which built by my g reat grandfather. When Sabbath morning came I went to the church reached it j ust a little after the minister i n char ge had commenced the service . Seeing that I was a w stranger, with some hat of a clerical appearance, he came out of th e pulpit to the pew where I was sitting, and said ,among other things , We are going ’ f - to have the Sacrament O the Lord s Supper to day , ’ and I would be glad to have you stay and assist, which I did . At the close of the service I remarked to the minister that I was very much i nterested in being present, as I was informed that the remains of my ancestor were in the vault under the pulpit, and

w h i s - that I as great grandson . He seemed much surprised and announced the fact to the congrega tion , and further said that I would preach i n the afternoon , which I did . He then directed the sexton to i Show me down nto th e vault . In this vault th ere were the r emains of three ministers in their w as separate coffins . One a coffin containing the remains of the immortal Whitfield . In the coffin just was opposite the remains of the Rev . Joseph Prince , and in another the remains of another former pastor of the church , Rev . Mr. Parsons . I certai nly was very much impressed by my surroundings, for it was 186 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . a scene the like O f which I never hoped to look upon was again . This vault, I told , had been visited by ’ i fi ld s th ousands, who came to look upon George Wh t e

w . bones, for there as nothing but bones Whitfield died a very short distance from the church , and the window of the house where he breathed his last was pointed out to me . I remember with what strange feelings I laid my hand on the shade O f my ancestor. w a This man had twelve sons, and there s one thing about them the pastor said he knew , and that was ‘ ’ that they were all Princes . “ We can trace our ancestry back three hundred e y ars, and the head of the family was Rev . John

Prince , Rector of a parish in Berkshire , Eng . I have a photograph of the stone church where he ministered . His sons were Nonconformists, and John Prince, the

first to come to this country, was persecuted and driven out of his country by the cruelty of Arch bishop Laud . Yours very truly,

“ JOHN P RINCE .

CHAPMAN .

William Chapman was one of th e Yorkshire emi grants that c ame to Nova Scotia in the spring O f 1 7 7 5 . He brought with him h is wife and family Of He eight children , four sons and four daughters . purchased a large block of land near Point de Bute corner, with the marsh adjoining, and on this property at once settled .

William Chapman was one of the early Methodists , was 1 88 and it in 7 , on an acre of land given by Mr.

Chapman,and deeded to John Wesley , that the first t Methodist church was buil in Point de Bute . Later,

188 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHM US .

Benjamin Wedgewood ,speaks to them when I am not Old there . Tho most of the methodists at Hawnby i are gone to Eternity, yet there s about thirty yet . James He wg ill is married and Both him and h is wife are joined i n the society . There is preaching settled at Swainby and I believe a ye ar n e st Society of ab oyt

Seventeen members . I O ften go there on Sundays to o n fir e n c e d preach . There has just been a C at Lee s r was and good old M . Wesley there among them , very 8 f healthy and strong, though 6 years O age . At our

Ha wnby Love Feast I had Mr . Swinburn and his h wife 2 nights at my house . T ey seem to be people who have religion truly at hear t and both earnestly desired me to remember them Both to you in kind love and also to all their religious friends . I saw Nelly very lately at her h ouse in North Allerton . She de sires you all to pray for her, which sh e does for n you all . My dear frie ds what Shall I say more to you , But only desire you to continue in the good ways of God, and never grow weary or faint in your minds, and then we hope to meet you in heaven . Pray give our kind loves to our old friends, your father and mother, and tell your Father when I see my Tooth drawers then I think of him , for he made th em . My ’ dear friends , farewell ,ours and our Family 8 kind love to you and all your Family ,and also all the Chappman Flin t o ft Familys , James and Ann Chapman . Mary and Sarah Bently are Both alive and remains at thei r old Habitations,But Mary never goes to the meetings . ' Their children are all ali ve, But Sarah Flin to fi and sh e died at York about three or four years Since . James ” lin t o ft i s F with his unkle George Cossins at London .

The Chapmans were very fond of military life, and in the old muster days t ook an active interest in the general muster. As a consequence t here was usually BY RR 1 8 9 FAMILIES CONNECTED MA IAGE .

a colonel , a major, an adj u t an t or a captain in every neighborhood where the name was found . i h i s A story s told of Captain Henry Chapman , on way to general muster, meeting a man with a loaded team , whose hope was to get clear of mustering that day on the plea that he had not been long enough in ’ the district . The captain ascertained the man s views on the matter,and then with an emphasis that indi “ c at e d he was in earnest, he said , If you are not on ’ the muster field by one O clock I will have you fined ” to the full extent of the law . One who witnessed this interview said it was laughable to se e the fright ’ ened look on the man s face, and the r ush he made to unhit ch the team and get away to the muster field wi thin the time stated . This same Captain Chapman was one of the kindest of men, but duty to Queen and country must not be neglected .

There w as, too, a good deal of the sporting instinct in the family . A horse race or a fox hunt appealed to something in their nature that stirred the pulse like wine and furnished material for conversa tion on many a day afterward . Like a good many of the first generation born in this country, the Chapmans were men Of grand phy O f sique . The five sons Colonel Henry Chapman , of six Point de Bute , each measured feet or over . and f were finely proportioned . Two O the sons, Joseph and Ste phen , were among the volunteers in the war

- of 1 8 1 2, and they both lived to pass the four score mark . h s h Th e ch ildren of t e fir t Wm . C apman were 1 90 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

William , who married a Miss Dixon of Sackville , and settled in Fort Lawrence on a part of the Old Eddy grant ; and Thomas , who married Miss Kane, form erly a school teacher, from New England . They set l t ed beside William . John married Sarah Black , of Amherst, and settled in Dorchester. Henry mar ried Miss Seaman , O f Wallace, and remained on t h e farm at Point de Bute . Mary married George Taylor,

Memramcook . Jane married John Smith, of Fort

Lawrence ,an d was the mother of nine strapping boys, all of whom proved good men for the country . Sally f T married Richard Black , O Amherst . hey settled

first at River Philip , bu t later came back to Amherst and lived on the farm his father first purchased in — fi Cumberland . Nancy was twice married r st to

Thomas Robinson, and after h i s death to James was Roberts . Her home in Amherst . h is H James Dixon , in istory of the Dixons, says h e thinks th e descendants of William an d Mary Chapman now number more than th e descendants of any of the other Yorkshire families . Rev . Douglas D D . . h . Car r i Chapman, , Rev Eugene C apman , Rev . t t e

Chapman, Rev . W . Y . Chapman, and Ephraim Chap Of man , barrister, are this family . f The late Albert Chapman , O Boston, U S , was very much interested in looking up family history , and spent a good deal of time in gathering informa

Th e tion about the Chapman family . following letters and extracts which were received by him some years before h e died may add interest to this sketch :

1 92 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . ascents which have to be climbed and precipitously descended before i t can be reached . As I am acquainted with the clergyman who has been there many years, the Rev . 0 . A . Manners (con ’ n e c te d with the Duke of R u t lan d s family) I wrote him and received the following letter

2n d 1 88 April , 0. I DEAR S R , I have examined the register and found frequent mention O f the name of Chapman O f Hawnby Hall , ‘ 22 1 6 1 — s n viz . , March , 7 John , o of William Chap 3 1 3— man, Hawnby Hall , baptized . Feb. , 76 Thomas ’ Chapman , O f the Hall, died aged 7 5 years . It would seem that the foregoing William Chap man was the son of Thomas Chapman and the man I n who landed Hali fax In 1 775 . “ About the latter date a family by the name of Barr came to reside at the Hall “ James Cornforth of this place, who is in his 8 oth year, is related to this family . The said William

h i - Chapman being s great uncle (maternal). The Hall is now , and has been for man y years, a farm house .

R . 0 . A. MANNE S

The following names appear in the directory among the residents of Billsdal e

Joseph Chapman, Farmer . Robert o R bert Shoemaker .

Robert Strickland Chapman ,Farmer . Gar bu th h F C apman , armer,Dale To wn. R 1 93 FAMILIES CONNECTED BY MAR IAGE .

CARTER .

John Carter (the firs t) came from Yorkshire to 1 74 was Nova Scotia in 7 . His wife Jane Thompson.

They settled near Fort Cumberland ,and had a fam ily of three sons Thomas, Christopher and John . Thomas

married a MISS Siddall and settled first at We st c o c k ,

Sackville Parish ,but afterwards moved to Dorchester. Christopher married a Miss Robert s and settled at

Westmoreland Point , near h i s father . John married Lo we r iso n e Miss Anne and remained on the homest ad . l The three brothers a l had large families, the boys i i s outnumbering the girls,wh ch the reason ,no doubt, that th e Carter name i s more in evidence in the

n district than any other Yorkshire ame . John Carter’s descendants still own the farm their — great grandfather first purchased in Nova Scotia . n was John Carter, se . , drowned while fording the Missiqu ash River while on h i s way home from Am i herst . His w dow afterward became the second wife

of William Chapman, of Point de Bute . Mr . Carter

and his sons were honest men, and the name still

stands well for fair dealing . Inspector Carter, of St .

h n N B. . O . . B J , Herbert Carter, M D ,of Port Elgin ,N. . B Titus Carter, barrister, of Fredericton, N . . , and B Councillor Carter, of Salisbury, N . . , are members of

this family . T H REN OLM S .

There were three Trenholm brothers in the

shire contingent, Matthew , Edward, and

Matthew settled a t Windsor, Edward at 13 1 94 THE CHIGNECTO I STHMUS.

Francis, in the Upper Provinces, and John at Point m In ve r m a . de Bute, on the Far This farm was probably confiscated to the Crown after Sheriff Allan left the country .

Just where Mr. Trenholm lived before he got

v r m possession of In e a I have no information , but as i Sheriff Allan had several tenants, it s quite probable

was m . that Mr. Trenhol m one of the John Tren ’ holm s wife was a Miss Coates . They had three sons — — John, William , and Robert and three daughters . John married a Miss Foster and settl e d on a Brook farm at Point de Bute Corner and afterwards built a mill on the Brook . His grandson , Abijah , now owns this part O f the property and turns out flour at th e Old stand . William married a Miss Ryan and owned a

- large farm in Point de Bute, on the north west side of the ridge . Robert settled at Cape Tormentine in 1 8 1 0, and the following table shows the names and number Of his children and grandchildren

h r an r en . r an h r e n G dc ild G dc ild . 1 1 6 5 1 0 1 0 1 2 10 1 0 1 1 8 10 9

Tota l

Hiram and Abijah an d their - fami lies are now the i only descendants of the name l v ing in Point de Bute .

1 96 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

ffi o Of all kinds . All the O cers agree the harb r is the finest they have ever seen . The country is one ”

i s be . continual wood , no clear spot to seen or heard of

Mr. Logan entered into the spirit of the first builders f of the n e w Province , and did his work to the best O his ability . His son, Hugh, came to Chignecto early in the history Of the country and settled at Amherst as Of Point. Hugh Logan w the founder the family in Cumberland and became one of the solid men of the place . He is said to have been the owner of the

- ff first two wheeled chaise in the district . Sheri MP Logan, of Amherst, and Hance Logan, . for Cum

N . . berland County, S . ,are descendants of Hugh Logan

ALLISON . The Allisons came from the County of London derry , in Ireland, n ear the waters of Lough Foyle.

Joseph Allison was born about 1 720, and when he ’ re ached manhood s estate he rented a farm owned by a London corporation , paying yearly rates , which c were collected by an agent in Ireland . On the o ca sion of a visit from the agent to collect the rent he was invited by Mr. Allison to dine with them . The best the house afforded was given to him as an honored guest. On that day silver spoons were used . “ Turning to Mr . Allison the agent said, I see that f you can af ord to have silver on your table . If you can afford this you can pay more rent ; your next ’ ” year s rent will be increased . I will pay no more ’ ” d “ n . rent, sai Mr . Alliso , I ll go to America first

The agent increased the rent the next year, and 1 97 FAMILIES CONNECTED BY MARR IAGE .

o Mr. Allison s ld his property and with his wife and si x children , in 1 76 9, left the home of his fathers and embarked fr om Londonderry for the New World .

He intended to land at Philadelphia, having friends in Pennsylvania with whom he had corresponded and who had urged h im to come to that Sta te to was Was settle . The passage rough, and the vessel wrecked on Sable Island, and Mr. Allison and his

family were taken to Halifax, N . S . Th rough the influence of the British Admiral Coch rane , then on the coast, Mr. Allison and the o thers that ca me with him were induced to settle in Nova

Scotia . Mr. Allison purchased a farm in Horton , ’ King s County , on the border of the historic Grand 1 4 Pr é, where he li ved until his death , in 79 . His

wife was Mrs . Alice Polk, of Londonderry . She

survived him for several years, and gave the historic

s M r silver spoon to her youngest child , N ancy ( s.

Le onard), who lived to be ninety years Of age . They — are now in the family of her great grandson , th e

e n O f . late Hon . Samuel L onard Shan on, Halifax

Mr . Joseph Allison was a farmer. Many of his

descendants have been prominent in the political , religious and commercial life of Nova Scotia in the

last hundred years . A goodly number of these have o fin e Old sto d by the occupation of their ancestor.

Charles Allison (second), who married Milcah True h f man, was t e founder O the Mount Allison Educa

n l . B H tio a Institution , at Sackville , N . i s biographer says of him : The name of no member O f the Allison family is so widely known through out Eastern British 1 98 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

“ America as his, and in him the noblest character ” s t wa associated wi h the most unassuming demeanor.

Charles and Joseph, brothers , were the first of the name to settle in Sackville . Dr. David Allison ,

President of the Mount Allison University, and J . F .

Allison, Postmaster, represent the name now in that place . The mothe r of the late Hon . William Crane, of Sackville , was Rebecca Allison, daughter of the

first Joseph Allison .

A R G ALL GHE . h The Gallag e rs were a north of Ireland family .

Hugh , who married Alice Trueman ,was a most enter prising and capable man . He was a successful farmer and also a contractor. He built the last covered

Tan r am ar bridge over the t , a structure that was 1 O f burned in the summer of 190 . He was also one the contractors on the Eastern Extension Railway , from Moncton to the Nova Scotia border, and lost heavily by the Saxby tide . He was one of the pioneers in getting steam ers t o run to Sackville ,before f ld the railway was built, and part owner O the O

“ ” steamer P r i n cess R o ya l, that ran on this route .

SMITH . Captain Smith came from Ireland to America at the beginning of the last century . He married a

Miss Shipley . He was master of a schooner that ran between St . John and the ports at the head of the a Bay . On his last trip the schooner took pl ster at

Nappan Bridge for St. John and was lost with all on bo ard .

200 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Lawrence , and th e youngest,Lavina ,married Douglas

Pugsley, of Nappan, whose first wife was Caroline m Lawrence . Ja es Fullerton (second) took an active interest in politics, and was a prominent man in the

was county fo r many years . He one of the men that supplied the Halifax market with Cumberland beef.

Although a stout man in late years, he was very

- active on his feet, and few men could out walk him , even after he was seventy years old .

B EM REE .

Samuel Embree was a Loyalist from White Haven ,

New York . He commanded the Light Horse

Dragoons during the Revolutionary War,and at its close his landed estate was confiscated . He then left the country and settled in Amherst,N S . The British Government did not forget h is services for the lost cause , and he drew a pension to the end Of his life .

Cyrus Black says, in his History Of t h e Blacks, r that M s . Embree once distinguished herself on a trip from Eastport to the Isthmus . The captain was a inc pable of managing the boat through drink, and there was no man to take his place . Mrs . Embree o t ok the helm and brought the schooner safe t o Aulae . ’ Thomas and Israel , Mr . Em b r e e s sons , remained on the homestead at Amherst. Elisha, a third son,

‘ settled at Amherst Head , now called Warren . A — daughter married Luther Lusby . A grand daughter of a Isr el married William L . Trueman . R FAMILIES CONNECTED BY MAR IAGE .

RIPLEY ,

Six brothers came to America from Yorkshire . 1 7 4 Henry , John and William Ripley came in 7

Joseph, Robert and Thomas, later. Henry settled in

Nappan, and his wife was Mary Fawcett ,daughter of

B. John Fawcett, of Lower Sackville , N. Henry and

Mary Ripley had a family of sixteen children . Henry Ripley occupied a rented farm the first years in this B country,but later purchas ed a farm from the De ar r e s estate , 6 00 acres of marsh and upland, for £600, and m became a very prosperous farmer. The na e is pretty well scattered , but there are Ripleys still in Nappan who, like their ancestors , are men of integrity .

PUGSLEY .

The Pu gsl e ys were Loyalists . David Pugsley came from White Plains, New York, to Nova Scotia , when a young man , and settled at Amherst. The one hun dred acres of land given him by the Government was Hi at Wallace . He was twice married . s first wife , by whom he had one son, was a Miss Horton. His second wife was a Miss Ripley, and had twelve chil five dren, seven daughters and sons. h o Mr. Pugsley had a brother John , w was a half pay Officer in the British army . This brother lived a short time at Fort Lawrence , and had one so n , named h i s Daniel . John Pugsley and wife left this son with

friends in Petitcod iac , and returned either to the

States or to Great Britain . They were not heard from ’ P le t . u s s af erward The g y of King s County and St. 202 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

John are descendants of this Daniel . Those in Cum P l berland are descended from David . The ug s eys are good citizens , and generally have the means and the disposition to help a neighbor in need .

— — R — FINLAY MITCHELL PATTE SON DOYLE . The Finlays came from the north of Ireland about 1 8 20 the year . Jane Finlay, who married John

Trueman, was born on the banks of Newfoundland ,on the voyage out, and only just escaped being called

Nancy , after the ship . David and Margaret Mitchell came from the neighborhood of Londonderry , in 2 Ireland, to Nova Scotia , in 1 8 9. David Patterson

ln came from Maghera,Cu ady County,Antrim ,Ireland , s in June,1 839. The e families all settled in Cumberland

County , bordering on the Straits of Northumberland .

The Doyles emigrated to Nova Scotia, about 1 700, and settled at Five Islands , Parrsboro .

It is said David Patterson studied for the church , and perhaps that, in part, accounts for the fact that four of his children are, or have been, teachers . A daughter has j ust O ffered and been accepted for the

M r : foreign missions . s. Patterson writes Daisy has offered herself as a medical missionary and been d accepte . She will leave for China next September, i s I via San Francisco . It something can hardly talk about, yet I would rather sh e would go there than i marry the richest man in the United States, for it s a grand thing to work for the Lord Jesus . I remem

“ v ber, she goes on to sa , of being told that grand mother Trueman had faith t o believe God would save

204 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

: O t hers embrac ed in this emigr ation are Clark , Elm n M l n n n Moffat, Logan , Dickey,M c o , c C e e , Allison , and Dickson or Dixson .

FAWCETT .

Three brothers nam ed Fawcett William ,John and — Robert came to Nova Scotia from Hovingham ,York shire, i n the spring Of 1 774 . William, with his wi fe and three children, settled in Upper Sackville , on the farm now owned by Charles George . John settled in

Lower Sackville, near the present Mount Allison

Academy , and built a mill on the brook. that runs through the farm . The Fawcett foundry stands on

- what was the bed Of the Old mill pond . Robert was th e a se a captain . He removed his family to United

an wa States d s afterwards lost at sea . One of his

n sO s lost his life in the same way . ’ William s children were : John, William and Polly . n e e John married Mrs . Eleanor Colpitts , Eleanor

For ster, of Amherst, and had four children , George,

Ann , William and Eleanor.

William (second ) married Sarah Holmes . Their children were Rufus and Betsy .

Polly married John Dobson, who afterwards moved to Sussex . The Dobsons O f Sussex and Upper Dor chester belong to this family .

John Fawcett (first), Lower Sackville , had four — children two sons, Robert and John, and two daughters, Mary and Nancy . Of these , Robert mar

' ried Seaman ; Jo h n m ar r ie d Jane Black ; Mary married Henry Ripley , and Na n cy married Joh n F AM ILIES CONNECTED BY MAR RIAGE .

th e Ogden. Robert, a son of second Robert, mar ried Jane Trueman , daughter of William Trueman .

In 1 8 1 7 (March 22n d) Thomas Fawc e tt , of Stock ton Forest, Yorkshire , sailed from Hull on the ship i w Va l a n t,bound for Charlotteto n , P . E . Island . The

d - t voyage laste seventy three days . Abou the middle of the voyage the Va li an t came across a Scotch brig in a Sinking condition and took on b oard her Si xty passengers and crew . There were one hundred and ninety - three immigrants on the ship when sh e arrived at her destination .

'

Thomas Fawcett settled first at Cove Head , P . E . I .

He afterward moved to Sackville, and finally located i n at Salisbury . He had three sons, one now living

B. Carleton County , N . , one in Salisbury , and John is

n h one of the solid men of Tid is . Other passengers on the Va li a n t were : John

Milner, settled in Sackville ; John Towse, settled in

Dorchester ; Robert Morrison , settled in Sussex :

Robert Mitten and family, settled in Coverdale .

EVANS

I saac Evans came to this country, probably from the United States, shortly after the close of the m Revolutionary war . The family was originally fro

Wales . He was married to Miss Lydia Jenks, and settled within a few rods Of the O ld Botsford place at h ad We st coc k . They seven children , all born in this — i lli i country James,Isaac,W am ,Lyd a, Mary,Ann and

Beriah . James married Miss Barnes , and Mr. Isaac

N . Evans, the only man of the name now living in 206 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

Hi the parish , is a son of theirs . s name and his brother William ’s are to be found in the list of students attending the Mount Allison Academy in

was Off 1 843 . Isaac drowned Grindstone Island when

- 1 1 twenty four years old , in 8 9. William married a ' — Miss Estabrooks ,and they had ten children James n ‘ l Isaac, who died r e c e y at Shediac, where his family still live ; Evander Valentine, who li ved in Sackville and was well known as Captain Evans ; Jane , who married Marcus Trueman ,and now lives in California ;

William Murray Stuart,who at one time had charge Of

B M o n t o n the Westmoreland ank in c ; George Edwin , a mechanic, wh o moved early in life to the United N States ; Henry , who served on the side of the orth in th e War of Secession ; Charles, who married a daughter of the late John Fawcett, but died young .

Lydia married Lewis Jenks ; Mary never married , but lived to be old , and was known by her friends as l h Aunt Polly Ann married John Bo u to n o u se , and

a r h n -ac Beri h mar ied JO Stuart . Isa Evans,the original settler, was drowned Off Partridge Island, St . John ,

1 798 - June , , aged thirty four. Lydia, his wife , died

11 th 18 42 h - November , , in e r seventy fourth year .

WOOD .

B r in n William Wood was from u st o , near Bedale , in th e f West Riding O Yorkshire . His wife was Elizabeth

Clarkson . They emigrated to America with the first Yorkshire contingent (1772 Shortly after coming to this country Mrs . Wood died ,leaving three children

— a so n a s n was and two d ughters . The o born on

208 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

RR HA IS .

f The Harris n ame is one O the oldest in Canada .

Arthur Harris came from Plymouth , Englan d , to 5 Bridgewater, New England , in 16 0. He removed

n from th ere to Danby , and from Danby to Boston I ’ His s n - as 1 6 96 . o ,Samuel ,w with Captain Ben Church s 4 expedition to Acadia in 1 70 ,and shortly after Acadia came into possession of the English he settled in Of Annapolis . Michael Spurr Harris, a grandson was 1 804 Samuel Harris , born at Annapolis Royal in . i H s wife , Sarah Ann Troop, was born in Aylesford in

1 . 806 Michael Harris started in business in S t . . John in 1 8 26 ; in 1 837 he removed h is family to Moncton and opened a general store and carriage building establishment, and soon after added Shipbuilding to h i the business . After s death the business was very successfully conducted for many years by h is two sons , the late John Harris and Christopher Harris .

wa This firm s always abreast of the times, and the city O f Moncton owes much to i t s enterprise and far h ' h . r A. Hu m r e sightedness The late M s . Jo n p y was a daughter of Michael Spurr Harris .

MAIN .

The Mains are Scotch . The family tree goes back to the beginning of the fifteenth century , one branch including the present Lord Rosebery and Sir William

Alexander, who at one time owned Nova Scotia and i gave the Province its name . Dav d Main with two of his sons,John and James,emigrated from Dumfries, B R 209 FAMILIES CONNECTED Y MAR IAGE .

Scotland ,to Richibucto,New Brun swick ,in the spring

O f 1 8 21 , and settled at Galloway, on the farm now owned by Robert Main , a grandson of David, and so n of James. James married Jane Murray,of Shemogue .

i s o n f James Main , of Botsford , als a so O theirs .

John married Jean Jo h n sto n e , and lived in Kingston, n now called Rexton . Mary Jean Mai , wife of

i d . Howard Trueman , s his aughter The late David

so n . Main, of St. S tephen, was a of John Main

S HAR R Four brothers named Sharp came to the Isthmus

N . . b 1 8 1 2 from Cornwallis , S ,a out the year . Matthew settled in Nappan , William in Maccan, Allan in

Amherst,and John in Sackvill e . Samuel Sharp,who so n Of W married Fanny Trueman ,was a illiam Sharp .

WELDON . ’ Two Of William Trueman s sons married into the

Weldon family . I am not able to give any more i n formation about the Weldons than is found in the “ History of the Blacks, which is as follows : A L 1 . 60 Mr Weldon left ondon for Halifax in 7 . The vessel in which he sailed was wrecked on the coast O f 1 7 1 Portugal . Returning to London ,in 6 ,he found that

his wife and family had sa iled for Halifax , where he t h e j oined them in fall of the same year. Mr . Weldon settled first in Hillsboro’ and later removed h to Dorchester, where the name as remained ever L since . Dr. Weldon, Dean of the Halifax aw School ,

belongs to this family . 14 21 0 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

SCOTT .

Adam Scott was from Langholm , Dumfriesshire, h is Scotland . He emigrated to New Brunswick with wife and family in 18 3 4, landing first at Quebec . He ’

We stm o r e lan d . settled in S h e m o gu e , County His wife s name was Janet Amos . He had eight children . Two d of the sons and the el est daughter, Janet, married ’ into William Trueman s family . The daughter, Mrs .

Josep h Trueman , is still living, bright and cheerful , in the 8 4th year of her age . Mr. Scott was one of the most prosperous farmers of the district in which

- O f . he settled, and lived to be ninety nine years age

BENT. This name is believed to have come from bent “ grass , a stiff, wiry growth , little known in America .

John Bent, the first of the name in America,was born

- to 1 in Penton Graf n, England, in November, 596 . He

- came to America in his forty second year, and settled in Sudbury, Mass. The Bents came to Nova Scotia

1 760 e about . The names of Jess and John Bent are found on the list of grantees for the township of

Cumberland in 1763 , to which reference h as pre i l v o u s . y been made Sarah A. Bent, daughter of d Martin Bent, married Edwar Trueman .

E WETT— J COY .

Mary Jewett, who married Alder Trueman , of A Sackville,and sa Coy ,who married Catherine True o f man, Point de Bute , were Of the New England emig ration that settled on the St . John River in 1 7623 .

212 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . married Joseph Moore ; Harriet, married William

Coates ; Thomas, m arried Clementina Stockton ;

Tillo t t , married Eunice Lockwood ; Mary , married

Gideon Trueman ; Ruth , married Hugh Fullerton ;

Henry , first wife Phoebe Chipman , and second A. M .

Randall . f h i William Harrison (son O John) and s wife, Jane

Coates, had family as follows : Sarah , married Robert

‘ Oldfield Thomas, married Elizabeth Shipley ; Ed ward ; William, married Mary Tait ; John , married

Je r u sh a Lewis ; Ann , married David Ke i ve r Joseph , married Jane Ripley ; James , married Mary Lewis ;

Robert,married Hannah Wood Jane,married Nathan

Hoeg ; Luke ; Brown, married Mary Ann Coate s ;

Hannah , married David Long .

Luke Har rison (so n of Thomas and Mary),was born l oth 1 78 7 an d 1 2 1 8 5 August , , died November th , 6 .

He and h is wife, Hannah Lodge, moved from Maccan

N . N B S . . River, . , to Dutch Valley , near Sussex , , and had family as follows : William Henry, married three times , first wife was Sarah Slocomb, second Rebecca

Slocomb , and third Lavina M . Knight ; Charles ri Clement ; Mary Ann , mar ed J . Nelson Coates, of ’ ’ B Smith s Creek , King s County, N . . ; Thomas Albert, ’

N. B. married Isabel Stevenson , of St . Andrew s , ;

Joseph Lodge , married Charlotte S nider, of Dutch N Valley , Sussex, B . William Henry Harrison (so n of Luke Harrison 8 and Hannah Lodge) , was born July 20th , 1 13 at N B 2 Sussex , . . ,and died May n d , 1 901, at Sackville,

N B. . He had no family by his first and second S BY R 21 3 FAMILIE CONN ECTED MAR IAGE .

wives . He and his third wife , Lavina M . Knight,

. D. D. daughter of Rev Richard Knight , , of Devon shire, England, had family as follows : Richard

B. Knight, m arried to Anne Graham, of Sussex , N . , living at Colorado Springs , Colorado, Hannah

N B . Lovell , dead ; William Henry , of Sackville , . ;

N. B. Charles Allison , dead ; F . A . Lovell , of St . John, ;

Albert Thornton, O f New York City ; Mary Louisa,

N B. married to T . Dwight Pickard , of Sackville , . , living at Fairview, B. C . ; Frank Allison, of Sackville , B N. married to Flora Anderson .

John Harrison , of Rillington, Yorkshire, England , 1774 S . who settled at Maccan River, N . , Canada, in , was a relative of John Harrison, born at Foulby, in

Wr a l n r e fa the Parish of g ey, near Po t c t , Yorkshire ,

May, 1 693 . John Harrison, of Foulby , was the inventor of the chronometer, for which he received from the British Government the su m of

He died at his h ome in Red Lion Square , London, in

1 776 . The chronometer ac cepted by the Government

from John Harrison was seen in July, 1 901 , at Guild o hall , L ndon . The following letters were written by members of

the Harri son family to friends in England .

William H . Harrison, a descendant of John Harri

son, visited Yorkshire about the year 1 8 54 , and

received the letters from friends there , bringing

them back to Nova Scotia, where they were written

so many years before . They are interesting as giving

the experience Of th e emigrant in the new country .

The firs t was written by Luke,a young man t wenty 214 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

h is years old , who had come to Nova Scotia with father and had been in the country but three months .

The second was written by John Harrison , a brother ’ of Luke s, in 1803 , after they had tested the country .

E xTRACTS FROM OLD LETTE RS OF THE HA RRISON

FAMILY .

TO M R WILLIAM HA R RISON ,

Rillington, Yorkshire , England h 4 June 30t , 177 . DEA R COUSIN ,

Hoping these lines will find you in good health , ' as we are at present, bless God for it. We have all gotten safe to Nova Scotia, but do not like it at all , and a great many be < ides us, and are coming back We to England again , all that can get back . do not like the country, nor never shall . The mosquitos are a terrible plague in this country . You may think that mosquitos cannot hurt, but if you do you are mistaken, for they will swell your legs and hands so that some persons are both blind and lame for so me w n d days . They gro worse every year a they bite the English the worst . We have taken a farm of one Mr. Barron, for one year, or longer if we like . 2 10 4 The rent is £ 0 a year. We have cows, oxen , 20 sheep , one so w, and one breeding mare . He will take the rent in butter or cheese , or cattle . The country is very poor, and there is very little money i s En about Cumberland . The money not like our g

1 3 . 4d . lish money . An English guinea is £ s In Nova Scotia money a dollar i s equal to 5 shillings, ist e r e e n and a p is a shilling . In haying time men 3 have shillings a day for mowing . The mosquitos

216 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

wheat and rye , so that we have made out a very good living. Here we make our own sugar , our own soap and candles , and likewise our own clothing . We wn spin and weave our o linen and wool , and make the biggest part of it into garm ents within our own family . This, I suppose , you will think strange , but it i s merely for want of settle r s and more mechanics

f t - fi ve Of dif eren branches . There were twenty peti t i o n e d to the Government for new lands when I ll settled here, and we a drew 500 acres O f land each . 500 I bought acres joining mine , which cost me about eighteen pounds, and my part of the grant cost eight pounds. I have lived on it ever since and make out a very good living . We milk ten cows, keep one yoke of oxen , three horses, betwixt twenty and thirty sheep . I do not doubt but that in the run of ten years more I shall be able to milk twenty cows.

We generally kill every fall six or eight hogs . We use betwixt four hundred and five hundred pounds O f sugar every year for tea and other necessari es . The disadvantage we have here is in the winters being so long. There is six months to fodder our cattle , and what is worse than all the rest, the snow s falling o deep , sometimes four feet . The last three or four winters have been very moderate , which we think i s owing to the country and woods being cleared more away . We have very much trouble with bears, as they destroy our sheep and cattle so much .

JOHN HA RR ISON .

B —I N . . have two sons,up young men . Pray send them each a good , indust rious wife . Pray send out - d a ship loa of young women, for there i s great call m for the that can card and spin . The wages are ” o fr m five to six shillings a week . H X C APTER .

’ THE F IRS T S E TTL ERS F C III BE RLAN D O U .

N the early part Of the last century several emi grants from the Old Country found their way to

Prospect Farm , with whom family friendships were

n formed and remained unbroken for ma y y ears . The

Davis family i s one of these .

Daniel Davis came from a small town near Bristol , was England . He a weaver by trade , but owing to m the introduction of the power loo in Great Britain,

- which ruined the hand loom industry , Mr. Davis came to America in the hope of finding some other means w of gaining a livelihood . He with his ife and one child came to Prince Edward Island in 18 12. They were greatly disappointed with the appearance of things on the island , and Mrs . Davis says she cried nearly all the time they stayed there . After a year

’ on the island Mr. Davis moved to Point de Bute . Although he was a small man and not accustomed to n farm work , he remai ed in Point de Bute for ten years and made a good living for h i s increasing

' A O f fam ily . t the end that tim e he got a grant of i s good land in Little Shemogue , on what now called the Davis Road . On this land Mr . Davis put up a log house and moved his family there . After under 218 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS . going most of the privations incidental to such an experience , success came , and with it a comfortable

h i s . and happy O ld age . In later years Mr Davis i made a trip to h s O ld home in Eng land , and received a substa ntial legac y that awaited him there . He had a family O f ten children, five sons and five was f daughters . Henry , the second son , a member O

“ the family at Prospect for fourt een years, and came

m s n to be looked upon al ost as a o . John Settled in

N. . was Leicester, S , and a successful farmer , wi th a large family . One son is a Methodist minister in the ’ an d Nova Scotia Conference , another is stipendiary magistrate for the town of Amherst .

Henry Davis was a miller, and settled first in

O f . . i s Amherst. One his sons, T T Davis, a professor in a western College . The other sons of Daniel Davis w were farmers , t o o f whom remained at the Old hom e in Shemogue, where some of their descendants still live . John Woods was another of the early emigrants who found his way to Prospect . He was a Manx i i h . S . man After a time he bought a farm at T dn s ,N. , and subsequently moved to the Gulf Shore , Wallace .

Mr . Woods visited Prospect Farm in the seventies , and was greatly delighted to see the old place again . Samson Clark was also a member of the family for a time . He was a brother of the late Alexander D D Clark, . . When he left Prospect he located on a “ ” farm on what he called the Roadside , back of

"

N. S . Amherst, , now Salem . Samson, although a strong man physically, and with plenty of brains,

220 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

COLPITTS . Extracts from the historical paper read at the r e - union O f the Colpitts family in Coverdale , Albert

th 1 900 : County, Sept. 6 ,

In the spring O f 178 3, immediately after the close of the Revolutionary War,there came to Halifax ,from

l - — N e we ast e o n Tyne, England , a tall, stalwart English i man with h s wife and family of seven children . The name of the man was Robert Colpitts , as far as we know the only one of the name to come out from the f Mother Country, and the progenitor O all on this side ar of the Atlantic who h e the name . What his ocen patiou or position in society was before h i s emigra sa tion we can only conjecture . Strange to y, there does not exist a scrap of writing which throws any light on these questions,and tradition is almost equally at fault. Later in life Robert Colpitts was a captain of militia, and it is thought he had some connection with the army before h i s emigration . Whatever his occupation was he must have been possessed of some means, as among the articles brought from England were things which would be counted as luxuries rather than necessities for a new settler among the wilds of New Brunswick . For instance , among these h articles were t ree large clocks . “ Tradition says that this was not h is first visit to

Canada . Before the ou t break of the American

Revolution he had been over, it i s believed, in connec h tion with a survey of the Bay of Fundy . At t is time he had made a small clearing on what is now ’ e the Charles Trit s farm , in Coverdale , and put up a small cabin on the place . He then returned to

- - Newcastle o n Tyne , and closed up his business with the expectation of returning with his family . In the meantime the war between England and her R o r 221 THE FI RST SETTLE S CUMBERLAND .

American colonies had broken out , and he could not w reach Nova Scotia unti l the trouble as settled ,which was not for seven years . For a part of this time the family had charge of a toll bridge near Newcastle . The following incident is declared to have actually occurred while they were keeping the toll bridge . A large man , riding a very small donkey , one day came e up to the bridg and asked the amount of the toll . w The charge as more than he felt inclined to pay , so he asked what would it be for a man with a load . Finding that i t w as considerably less he at once laid down the smaller sum , picked up the donkey in his arms, and walked over the bridge . From Halifax

Mr. Colpitts and the two oldest boys made their way overland , walking the most of the way from there to

Moncton, while the others came in a vessel soon after wards . When they reached Coverdale the land he

- had improved had been pre empted , and Mr. Colpitts had to push on . He settled at Little River,five miles from its mouth .

The writer, after giving a fuller account of the

: l family , says It is, we free y confess . the history of h a race of humble farmers , and such , for t e most part, have been their descendants ; no one of the n ame has yet occupied a prominent place in the public life of

n our country . But the ame has always been an honorable one ,and those who have borne it have been ,

- with few exceptions, honest, God fearing, God ” honoring men and women . t Mr. James Colpitts, of Poin de Bute , is a great grandson of Mr. Robert Colpitts . 222 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

R MON O .

' His Alexander Monro was born in Ban fi, Scotland . a father, John Monro, and family c me from Aberdeen

18 1 . to Miramichi , New Brunswick ,in 5 He remained in Miram ichi three years and then moved to Bay was M Verte . The next move to ount Whatley, and , after a few years stay there , Mr. Monro purchased a wilde r n e ss do t on Bay Verte Road , to which they r e moved , and after years of strenuous labor made for themselves a comfortable home .

It was from Mr. Robert King, school master referred to in another part of this book— that the son , Alexander Monro, received the inspiration and training that starte d him on the road to success i n “ : life . His biographer says When he was twenty one years of age a Mr. Robert King came into the district to take charge of the school , and under his care young Monro studied in the winter evenings geometry , algebra and land surveying. Mr . King possessed a surveying compass , and gave him practical

i n i nstruction in land s u r ve v g , leading him to decide to follow that business .

. . Mr Monro obtained a recommendation from Dr.

Smith ,of Fort Cumberland ,and others, and in the year 1 8 37 went to Fredericton to obtain an appointment

m ‘ fro the Hon . Thomas Baillie , then Surveyor General of the Province . Mr. Baillie complimented him on his h i m f attainments , but refused to appoint to the of ice .

When Mr. Monro got back to St. John he had but two i l sh lings in his pocket, and with this meagre sum he

’’ 224 THE C HIGNEC I O ISTHMUS .

R— PALME KNAPP.

The Palmers and Knapps were Loyalists . C . E .

: Knapp , a grandson of Loyalist Knapp, writes The largest part of Staten Island , New York , should have been the possession of the Palmers of Westmoreland .

Their ancestor, John Palmer, who was by profession a lawyer, moved from New York to Staten Island . He had been appointed one of the first judges of the

New York Court o f Oyer and Terminer. He was ' also a member of the Governor s Council , and after R wards Sheriff. When the evolutionary War broke out h is so n Gideon held the commission of captain in ’ Delan ey s Rangers, and when the war terminated he , in common with the other Loyalists, had to leave the ” country .

‘ - - Together with his brother in arms, Titus Knapp, John Palmer found a new home at Old Fort Cumber land , where they commenced business as general traders . They purchased adjoining farms, and these

“ still go by the name of the Knapp and Palmer farms .

Mr . Palmer afterwards moved to Dorchester Cape, induced to do so because it reminded him of his old home in New York . Palmer and Knapp must h ave found their loyalty expensive , as their confiscated property is now worth untold millions . In Mr . ’ w i Knapp s case i t as not s o bad, as h s property went to h i s - r half brother, who, fo tu n at e l v for h im , was a ” Quaker and did not fight. The Palmers h ave taken a prominent place i n the history of New Brunswick . Mr . Gideon Palmer, a son of Gideon (fir st), was one of the successful ship R O 225 THE FI R ST SETTLE S F CUMBERLAND .

builders of Dorchester in the fifties, and Philip , another son , was for some years a member of the New

Brunswick Legislature . The late Judge Palmer, of

was so n . St. John, a of Philip Palmer

Charles E . Knapp , barrister, of Dorchester, is clerk of the Probate Court, and one of the oldest practising r e r e lawyers of Westmoreland . Mr. Titus Knapp p sented the county for some time in the Legislature of

New Brunswick, and for many years did a large tradi ng business at Westmoreland Point .

HA RPE R .

Ch r istopher Harper was born i n a small village near

Hull , in Yorkshire . He emigrated to Nova Scotia in

1774 , bringing h i s family and h i s nephew , Thomas

King, with him . He arrived at Fort Cumberland on i a fine d ay in May , and h s surprise was great the next

se morning to e the ground covered with snow . Mr. Harper bought a property to the south - east of the i garrison lands, and moved h s family into a house said to have been built by the Acadians ; but this is very doubtful , as thes e people chose to burn their dwellings rather than let them fall into the hands of the English . Tradition says Mr. Harper brought t s s ock ,both hor es and cattle ,with him from Yorkshire . ’ In 1 777 Mr. Harper s house and barn were burned by the Eddy rebels, and soon after the Loyalists came to Nova Scotia he sold h is property at the fort to his

' - i n - an d m o v d son law, Gideon Palmer, e to Sackville , ’ having purchased land near Morris s Mills . It is said he came into possession of this property through 15 226 THE C H lGNECTO I STHMUS . prosecuting one Ayer and others for setting fire to ‘ h i s buildings at Fort Cumberland . In 1809 he obtained a grant from the Go v ernment at Fredericton of the mill - pond , and some two hundred or three hundred acres of wilderness land in Sackville, includ ing about forty acres of marsh on the east side of the ’ Tan t r am ar River, above Goles s Island .

His Mr. Harper had three sons and four daughters. t son Christopher, who was a cap ain in the army in early life, left for Quebec , via Richibucto and Mira michi , and was not heard from after leaving M Miramichi . John married iss Thornton (whose f father was a Loyalist),and a ter living at th e mill for a time moved to Dorchester. William married Phoebe H u id aliday, from Co b e q , and buil t on the place where

I . C . Harper, of Sackville, now lives ; Catherine married Gideon Palmer ; Annie married Major Richard

Wilson, a north of Ireland man ; Fannie married

Thomas King, and Charlotte married Bedford B l h o u se o u t on .

Christopher Harper owned the first two - wheeled chaise that was run in Westmoreland County . He w as a magistrate and used to solemnize marriage,and sometimes officiated in the Church of England in the absence of the rector . The Harpers of Sackville and Bay Verte are de sc e n dants of the two brothers . William and John .

R — ETTE WETHER ED .

The Etters and We th e r e ds we r e on the Isthmus very 1 55 shortly after 7 . I find that Samuel Wethered was

228 C HIGNEC’I‘ O THE ISTHMUS . were engaged in making glass before comi n g to this‘ country .

CAHILL .

was John R . Cahill born in London , England , in the

1 Hi was - year 777. s father a ship owner, but decided h is to educate son for the Church . During a college vacation young Cahill was sent as supercargo in ’ one of his father s ships bound for Halifax . On the return voyage the vessel was wrecked on the coast of Nova Scotia . All on board,however,were rescued and brought back to Halifax . For reasons not now known , Mr. Cahill remained on this side of the

Atlantic and engaged for a time in teaching school .

Le sd r n ie r He married Miss e , a sister of Mrs .

Richard John Uniacke , and settled in Sackville as a h ad farmer . They a family of eleven, and Mr. Cahill received regular remittances from his father’s estate as long as he lived . Because of his superior education he was often called upon by his neigh bors to assist in transacting business of various kinds . Mr. Cahill

18 52. died in The late John E . Cahill , of Westmore land Point, was a so n , and Walter Cahill , stipendiary magistrate of Sackville ,a grandson ,of John R . Cahill .

SMITH . There were two John Smith s who came froin York shire and settled at Chignecto in the decade between 0 1 770 and 1 78 . O L ne settled . in Fort awrence and married Miss

Chapman . The Smiths of Fort Lawrence and Shine R R o r B R N 22 THE FI ST SETTLE S CUM E LA D . 9

micas are descendants of this family . William Smith of Albert County , who married Parmelia Trueman , was of this family . The other John Smith se ttled near Fort Cumber b u t land , remained only a short time . He incurred the enmity of some of the outlaws in the neighbor ’ hood , and as a result had h is buildings burned, in one of which a large quantity of goods was stored t u tha he had bro ght to the country . This so dis c o u r ag e d him that he left the place and settled at

e W r N N po t, . S . David Smith, of Amherst, belongs t o this family .

LTo N Ou .

Charles Oulton , the fi r st of the name to settle on ' h i the Isthmus, came to Nova Scotia with s mother 1 m in 759. At this ti e Mrs . O ulton was a widow , but before she had been here long she married Capt .

Senn acherib Martyn . Capt. Martyn had been with

Winslow at the capture of Beausejour . Young Oulto n was seventeen years old when he landed at Halifax . Shortly after this he came to

Cumberland, and his name is on the list of the first grantees of C u mberland Township , in 1 763 . He settled in Jo lic u r e on the farm now in possession of

was . Joseph D . Wells ; here ,no doubt,his grant located lli r Charles Oulton married a Miss Fi m o e , and they

had a family of twelve children , seven daughters ’ : and five sons . The children s names were William , ’ o an e S all Charles, Thomas , Ge rge , J , y, Patience , Mary,

Charity , Ahigal , Bets y,and a twelfth,who died young . 230 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

William married a Miss Smith ; Thomas a Miss

Trenhol m ; George a Miss King ; Charity a Mr .

Williams, of Fredericton ; Ahigal a Mr. Tingley , of

B. . Albert County, N . ; Mary a Mr Frank Siddall ;

S . h Patience a Mr. mith Jane also married a Mr Smit

l . au Sarah a Mr. Fields ; Betsy a Mr. Bu mer A d gh ter of Mrs . Williams married a Mr. Fisher, also of

Fredericton , and they had five sons : Edwin , Henry,

George , Peter, and the late Judge Fisher .

George , the youngest son, inherited the homestead in Jo lic u r e , and was for many years one of the lead i n s M g men in the pari h . He married iss King, of h Westmoreland Point, by Whom he ad three sons

E. Thomas , Cyrus, and Rufus . Squire Oulton, as

George was usually called, was one of the most genial of men. In figure he was tall and straight . He had an open countenance , a quick step , a hearty laugh,

“ and a pleasant good morning for everyone . He was just the kind of man to make friends. He enjoyed a good honest horse - race, and was always ready to bet a beaver hat on any test question that gave a chance of settlement in that way . An incident is told of him in connection with a trip made by his

n h e so Cyrus, which gives one a good idea of t man . It was customary before the days of railroads for the farmers and traders in Westmoreland to send teams loaded with produce as far north as Miram ichi .

These trips were generally made in the early winter,

c h e e se wo o lle n . and butter, ,_ clo th , socks, mittens, etc , found a ready market . The journey usually lasted was ten days or more . Cyrus sent by his father,

232 THE CHIGNECTo ISTH MUS .

The Oulton name is largely represented in Jo li c u r e at the present time,and most of those who h e ar it are energetic, industrious, and successful farmers . A few of the name have tried other professions and have succeeded . Geo. J . Oulton, Principal of the Moncton

Schools, and one of the most capable teachers in the li Province , is a Jo c u r e boy , and a descendant of

Charles Oulton . K E ILLC R .

Thomas K ei llor came to Nova Scotia from Skelton , ’ 4 n was Yorkshire , in 1 77 . His wife s maide name n Mary Thompson . He settled ear Fort Cumberland,

“ ” on the farm now known as t h e Fowler homestead . h ad — Mr. Keillor five children three sons, John ,

Thomas and Thompson,and two daug hters, Elizabeth and An a John married a Miss Weldon and settled in

Dorchester, where he and his descendants occupied a prominent place for m any years . The name became extinct in that parish in 1 899 at the death of Mrs .

Thomas Keillor . Thomas married a Miss Trenholm and settled at

Amherst Point. He had a number of sons . Several of the family moved to Ontario . Robert married a

Miss Dobson and remained on the homestead . His descendants still own the farm at Amherst Point . Coates married a Miss Jones and settled at Upper His Point de Bute . second wife was a widow from ’ Miramichi . One of Co ate s s sons moved to Upper t h Canada, and e name is still found there . Some of the descendants , but none of the name, now live in

Point de Bute . THE FI RST SETTLERS C F CUMBE RLAND 233

Thomp son died when a young man from a severe l cold caught while hauling wood from the akes . Ann married Amos Fowler,and Elizabeth married William a Trueman , s stated in another place .

The Keillors were men of integ rity , with a good deal of combativeness in their make up ,and not noted for polished address . The following story is told of one of the Keillor boys : One morning when taking a load of pork to the fort,at the time the Eddy rebels h were at Camp Hill , e was met by a young man on horseback . The young man , after eliciting from Mr.

Keillor where he was taking the pork , ordered him

to turn about and take it to the rebel camp . This

Mr. Keillor refused to do point blank . In the parley and ski rmish that followed Mr. Keillor managed to h de o r se his man , bind him on the sled , and forthwith delivered him safely at the fort with h is carcasses of pork . The young man proved to be Richard John

Uniacke , who afterwards became one of the most ’ celebrated of Nova Scotia s public men . In after years, when Mr. Uniacke had become Attorney

General of Nova Scotia, an able lawyer, and a good loyal subject, h e was conducting a case in the Am

- herst Court house . This same Mr. Keillor was called

- forward as a witness, and during the cross examina

tion , when things were probably getting a little u n comforta ble for the witne ss , he ventured to say to ac Mr. Uni ke ” I think we have met before , sir.

Mr. Uniacke replied rather haughtily , You have

the advantage of me , I believe . 234 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHM US .

And it i s not th e first time I have had the ad v an tage of you , replied Mr. Keillor.

“ ” When was this " asked Mr. Uniacke in a tone that showed how fully he considered himself the master of the situation . “ M r . Keillor replied , At the time of the rebellion, when I delivered you , a rebel and a prisoner, to the fort along with my pork . It is said that the Attorney - General left the further conduct of the case to his subordinates . wh Thomas, the brother o settled in Amherst, was once warned as a juryman to attend court, to be held in a building little better than a barn . When Mr.

Keillor was chosen on a cause , and came forward to a the desk to be sworn , he refused absolutely to t ke “ the oath . When remonstrated with , he said , I will

' never consent to h old the King s Court in a barn . ’ And this j uryman , who was so zealous of the King s honor, was allowed to have his own way . The out come o f this was that soon after the county erected

- at Amherst a suitable building for a court house .

WA RD . h The name Ward was early on t e Isthmus . Nehe miah was one of the first grantees of Cumberland .

- Jonathan Ward, the first to settle in Point dc Bute , came from New England in 1760. It is said his coming to this country was occasioned by h i s falling in love with a young lady who se parents objected to h i s —i n - becoming their son law . The lady , however, ’ was willing to accept her lover without the parents

THE CHIGNECTO I STHMUS .

DICKSON .

Major Thomas Dickson , the first of the name on w the Isthmu s, was one of the Ne England soldiers e 5 present at the taking of Fort Beaus jour in 175 .

The family were originally from the north of Ireland , and emigrated to the old colonies .

Major Dickson served u nder General Amherst, and his family had in their possession up to a few years ago a document in which General Amherst commis s io n e d Major Dickson to do certain work that n e c e s s itat e d great risk and skill if it were to be successful . ’ Thomas Dickson s name i s on the list of the first grantees of Cumberland Township, and he received a grant of a large block of land about a mile above

Point de Bute Corner, on which he afterward settled .

He married a Miss Wethered , and had a family of — m ten children J a es, Dalto n , Thomas , Charles , John ,

Robert, Nancy , Mary , Sarah , and Catherine . Mary

l n i . G e a e married a Mr Harper, Nancy a Mr. , Sarah a f e brother o Col . John Allan, and aft r his death

Thomas Roach,Esq . ,of Fort Lawrence ; James married

Susanna Dickson , and remained on the homestead .

i ~ h r Of the other sons, Thomas Law settled n Am e st and represented the county for some years in the

Provincial Legislature ; Robert, Charles and John e n entered the British navy . John was shot in an a e m e n t ‘ g g in the English Channel . Robert was drowned in Shelburne Harbor. His vessel was lying in the stream, and he , while i n the town , laid a wager that he could swim to the ship . He attempted it, but E R R B 2 TH FI ST SETTLE S OF CUM ERLAND . 37

i lost h s life in the effort. Charles left the navy t and settled in Machias ,where he lef a large family .

Shortly before the capture of Quebec, Major Dick son was sent out from Fort Cumberland to disperse a band o f Acadians who had been reported by one of their number as camping near the Jo lic u r e Lakes

b e f with the o j c t o raiding the settlers . The Major with his men started out in pursuit, the Frenchman was acting as guide . The camp found deserted , and the party started on the return home . When they reached the Le Coup stream , an affluent of the Aulae . they found the tide had ri sen so much that they were unable to proceed farther in that direction,so turning w to the left, they follo ed the main stream to where W ' there was a crossing . hile preparing to ford the stream they were suddenly fired upon by the Aca

h . dians, who where in hiding behind t e dyke All the party were killed save Major Dickson and the t Acadian g u ide . Bo h were made prisoners , and as soon as the woods was reached the Acadian was scalped and the Englishman was told that he “ must ” walk alone . Then starting north they made only necessary stops until they reached Three Rivers , in Quebec . Here the Major was handed over to the French officer in charge at that place, and was put under guard , but

treated well ,as had been the case on the journey from

Nova. Scotia . Possibly roasted muskrat would not

be considered an appetizing diet, but the major found i it kept away hunger, and that was no small c o n s d e r atio n in a journey of five hundre d miles without a

c ommissariat department . 238 THE CHIGNECTo ISTHMUS .

The prisoner had no t been many days at Three Rivers when he received word that Quebec had been taken by the English, and he was again a free man .

He soon made his way back to Fort Cumberland, and w as present at the defence of the fort during the attack of the Eddy rebels and did good service on that day . The Dicksons were men who thought for them

a so n th e was c selves . James , of first James, a tea her for a time, and in h is later years did all the convey h an c i n g in the neighborhood, such as t e writing of was deeds and wills . He an omnivorous reader, and , ”

W was . like Silas e gg , inclined to drop into poetry Some of h is efforts in this direction on local happen ings caught the ear and had the ring that stirred the emotions . Titus, the only grandson of the major,

- lives on the old farm , and though eighty three years i d i n of age, s still vigorous in min . The writer i s debted to him for some of the facts given in this sketch .

ATKINSON . There were two Atkinson families that came to

Nova Scotia about the year 1 7 74,one from Middlesex , h t e other from Yorkshire .

The Middlesex family settled in Fort Lawrence .

o f Capt . S . B . Atkinson, a descendant this family , writes My great - grandfather was a man of c o n sid crable substance in the County of Middlesex , Eng land , known as gentle m an farmer, and dubbed “ ’ Esquire . The tradition is he married a Lord s daughter, whose title would be Lady and as

T 240 THE CHIGNEC O ISTHMUS. heirs undertook to look up the records, but found they had been burned in the Capitol during the War 1 8 1 2 “ of . Only for that little incident, Capt .

Atkinson says , I might have owned the site where — Clevelan d now stands or otherwise probably other ” wise . ’ For services in 1 8 12 Commodore Ayer was granted a pension , but died before any payments were made h to him . His nearest connections , owever, received

a two hundred dollars a year s long they lived . h is Capt. Robert Atkinson sailed last voyage ,from

i n 1 804 Kingston to Jamaica, , and died at that port of Hi s S a k v ille le a v yellow fever. widow returned to c ,

so n ing her Edwin , their only child , with his grand father i n Fort Lawrence , where he remained until he

- was twenty one years of age .

Mr. Atkinson had three sons besides Robert, who . lived with him in Fort Lawrence . Thomas moved to Kent County , where his descendants still live .

William and John remained in Fort Lawrence, and the Atkinsons there now are descended from these brothers . Capt . Stephen Atkinson, from whom most of the information about the family has been obtained , is a master mariner . and has commanded some fine

h is h ships in day . He h as now given up t e sea and spends a part of his time in Sackville .

.The Atkinson family from Yorkshire settled first at River Hebert, Cumberland County , N. S . Robert was t h e the founder of family . He did not remain in River Hebert for any length of tim e ,b u t purchased a farm in Sackville, and moved his family there . R R o r B R 24 1 THE FI ST SETTLE S CUM E LAND.

This farm was afterwards sold by his son Chris

h r l t o p e , and is now the site of the Mount Al ison educational institutions . Robert was married and had three children when i h e came to Nova Scotia . He was twice marr ed , and r w as the father of fourte en children . Thomas , Ch is

h r h t o p e , Elizabet , Sallie , Joseph , Robert, William ,

John and Stephen were the names of the first family .

Several of the sons settled in Sackville . Christo pher, after selling his property i n Sackville , purchased a farm in Point de Bute, and moved to that place . He had a large family of boys . Robert (second) moved to Shediac . One brother went to the United States

- and joined the Latter Day Saints . Joseph married

Ann Campbell , the daughter of Lieutenant Campbell , a Waterloo soldier,and settled at Wood Point . They had ten children , si x sons and four daughters . Isaac,

Nelson, Hance , William and Joseph all became m aster mariners , and were fine navigators . Woe be to the sailor who fell into their hands and did not know his duty or refused to p erform it " The family still have in their possession their an c e s tor Campbell’s sword and some other relics belonging to the old soldier.

The Atkinsons have always been a strong, vigorous and self - reliant family, and have made a good record in this new country . W LO ERIS C N.

The following information regarding th e Lower i so n s was secured chiefly from Robe rt Lo wer iso n , of 16 E 242 THE C HIGN CTo ISTHMUS .

"

- Sackville , a great grandson of the first Richard Low

e r iso n .

ri n Richard Lo we so , the first to come to America , h was born in Yorks ire, England, in the year 174 1 , and married Mary Grey in 176 2. Ten years later

Lo we r iso n En Mr . sailed from Liverpool , g , bound for l l st Ha ifax , where he landed on the of May . He settled on the Petitcodiac River, in Westmoreland

B. County , N. , but the frequent raids made by the Eddy rebels in that district caused him to purchase and remove to a farm adjoining the western bounds of the Garrison lands of Fort Cumberland . The buildings first erected by him have long since dis h appeared . The farm as been occupied by h is son J Thomas , by his grandson ames, and at present by

William Miner . Si x children survived Richard and Mary Grey — Lo we r iso n Elizabeth, who married William Don caster, and settled at Amherst Point ; Anne, who married John Carter, and settled east of Fort Cum r berland ; Thomas , who mar ied Hannah Carter, and occupied the homestead ; Richard , who m arried

Abigail Merrill , and after spending twelve years between the old home, Amherst Point ,and Mapleton, moved to Frosty Hollow , Sackville , on September 1 8th 1 8 17 , , on the farm now occupied by h is son,

Lo we r iso n h i Thomas , and s g randson, Bradford

so n Carter ; Joseph , the third of Richard , married

Mary Siddall and settled near Mount Whatley , about two miles from the homestead . Mary married James

Carter, who for a time kept a public house in Dor

M S THE CHIGNECTO I STH U .

The Lo we r iso n s were always understood to be men of their word .

F ILLIM CR E .

John Fillim o r e came from New England to Fort N S 1 763 Lawrence, . in , and soon after settled in

Jo lic u r e . He had a number of sons, two of whom , — John and Spiller, settled at home John on the home stead , and Spiller on an adjoining farm .

At the close of the Revolutionary War, Spiller sold his farm and returned to the United States . John married Jemima Tingley , of Sackville , and had a Fillim o r e family of twel ve children . W . C . , of West l moreland Point, and Lewis Fi lim o r e , of Amherst, are grandsons of John .

The Fi lli m o r es came originally from Manchester,

England , to Long Island , New York . Captain

John , father of John ,who came to Nova Scotia, was once commissioned by the State of Connecticut to clear the coast of pirates, who were causing a good deal of trouble at the time . So well did Captain Fillim o r e perform the duty that the town of Nor wich presented h im with a handsome cane as a mark of their appreciation of his services . This cane is still in possession of the family .

l - The Fi limo r e s are a long lived race of men , and have Shown themselves well able to hold their own in the competition of life . The name has given a president to the United States . R R M R 245 THE FI ST SETTLE S OF CU BE LAND .

R MINE .

Sylvanus Miner, the first of the name on the

Isthmus, was of New England stock . He and Robert

“ ” King, Schoolmaster King, as he was generally M called , came from Windsor on foot to ount Whatley , ’ N B 1 1 n . 8 0. . . , about Mr Mi er s father died when he was a boy, and his mother apprenticed her so n to a His blacksmith . mother was a Miss Brownell , of li u r Jo c e . When young Miner had completed h is apprentice ship he came to Jo lic u r e by invitation to see his uncle, and afterwards settled at Mount Whatley . He His as was twice married . first wife w a Miss

Church , of Fort Lawrence ; his second , Miss Styles, from Truro, NS . The sons, James, William and

Nathan , now represent the name at Mount Whatley .

r Mr. Miner was an up ight man , and successful in his business of blacksmith and farmer .

B DO SON . The Dobsons were among the first of Yorkshire emigrants to arrive in Nova Scotia . There were two

n h brothers, George a d Ric ard . George brought with

- him a wife and grown u p family . His daughter Margaret was married to William Wells before the family left England . Richard was a bachelor, and tradition says he had been a soldier . George pur chas ed a farm in Upper Point de Bute . Neither of the brothers lived long in their new home . Richard died in February, 1773, and George in July of the 246 E E TH CHIGN CTO ISTHMUS .

’ 24th same year. George s will is dated the July,

1773, and is recorded the 24th November by John

Huston . It is witnessed by Mark Patten and J .

Allen .

George had four sons, George , David, Richard and

John, and two unmarried daughters, Elizabeth and Mary . George and John settled at Point de

Bute . Richard sold his share of the homestead to

John in 1795, and moved to Cape Tormentine, where he secured a large tract of land and became one of the substantial men of the place . A large number of h i s descendants are in that locality at the present

. S . time The Dobsons,of Cape Breton , N . , are descendants of Richard . John sold his farm and ’ N B moved to Sussex , King s Co . , . . George Dobson ,of

Sussex , is a grandson of John . David went to Hali o n fax . George remained the homestead at Point de

Bute , and the Dobsons of Jolic u r e are descendants of

George by his son Abraham .

Mrs . Dobson , the widow of George (first) married

lki n r M r s . a th e . a Mr. F He did not live long, and

F alkin th er , who was said to be a very fine looking woman, had one of her grand - daughters to live with her during the last years of her life . Her grand ” children called her Grandmother Forkey .

“ ” “ Old Abe, as Abraham was familiarly called, was

n a characte r in his day . He used to make a nual and

- sometimes semi annual trips to St . John to dispose of his butter and farm products, and was the kind of man to get all t h e enjoyment out of these journeys

. was t that was in them . It said tha he had large feet,

248 THE CH IGNECTO ISTHMUS . sequently became the second wife of Christopher

Atkinson . By this marriage she had three sons,

George , Abel and Busby , and one daughter, Nancy, E who became the wife of John Fawcett, sq. ,of Upper

i s Sackville . J . H . Goodwin, of Point de Bute , a son of Stephen Goodwin .

TINGLEY .

- n - Palmer Tingley emigrated from . Kingston o the

Thames to Malden, Mass ,in 1 6 66 . Josiah Tingley, a

N B 1 63 . descendant, came to Sackville , . . ,in 7 William , a grandson of Josiah Tingley, married Elizabeth

Horton and settled in Point de Bute in 1 794 . He bought land from Josiah B . Throop . The witnesses

o se h an d . to the deed were J p _ Ichabod Throop Like most of the early settlers, Mr . Tingley raised a large h i s r family , and all sons became farme s. Four of

e them , John , Harris, Caleb, and William , s ttled near

li u r e their father. Josiah settled in Jo c , Joshua at

Shemogue, and Isaac at Point Midgi e . There were four daughters . Ann married Joseph Irvine , of

Tidn i sh ; Mary, Cyrus M c Cu lly, Amherst, N. S . ; H i e le n e r , William M c Mo r r s, of G reat Shemogue ; and

Margaret, Asa Read . also of Shemog ue . There were eleven children in all, and their longevity will surely bear comparison with that of any family in Canada, and i s well worth recording :

i 17 4 1 8 4 8 John T ngley, born 9 , died 7 , aged 0.

Harris 1 795 , 1 8 75, 8 0.

Joshua 1797, 1897, 1 00. 1 8 William 1799, 86 , 6 9. R R L 24 THE FI ST SETTLE S OF CUMBE R AND . 9

1 8 1 1 8 1 8 Ann Tingley , born 0 , died 8 , aged 0.

Mary 1 803 , 1890, 3 7 . 8 8 1 Josiah 1 807, 1 88, .

l n 1 02 He e e r 1 809, still living in 9 ,

aged 93 .

1 8 1 2, died 1 8 91 , aged 79. 2 1 8 16 , still living in 1 90 , aged

86 .

Caleb 1805, died 1 8 8 0, aged 75 .

The Tingleys are generally adherents of the Baptist

Church . Robert, Obed, Harvey , William , Alfred and Err are grandsons of William Tingley and represent

li n r the name in Point de Bute and Jo c e .

SIDDALL .

Ralph Siddall came from Yo rkshire to Nova Scotia 1 2 te in 77 , and soon af r, in company with Richard

“ Lo w er i so n , settled at The Bend , now the town of B d Moncton , N . . The E dy rebels proving too strong in that locality for the loyal Englishmen, they soon returned to the protection of Fort Cumberland , and eventually settled near the fort . Mr . Siddall had a — family of five children two sons, Ralph and Francis,

r e s e c and three daughters. The daughters married , p i l t ve y : Thomas Carter, Cook , and James De war e s Jo lic u r e Deware . The of belong to this family . Ralph (second) married Ayer and had two sons, Edward and William , and three daughte rs . ’ d William settled on Gray s Roa , near Wallace .

Edward remained on the homestead . One of the 2 0 THE C HIGN o 5 ECT ISTHMUS. daughters married Joseph Lo wer ison , another

Ephraim Raywo r t h ; one remained single . Francis Siddall settled first on the farm now owned by James

Colpitts, near Point de Bute Corner, and married

Mary Oulton, by whom he had a family of five children , Ralph , Stephen , Charles, Susan and Ex

was — fir st perience . Susan twice married to Mariner

N B Mc Le od . Teed, of Dorchester, . . , second , to Hugh

The late John Teed , of Dorchester, was a Son of

Mariner and Susan Teed . Experience married Wil liam Copp, of Bay Verte Road . The Copps were r from Ne w England , and settled first in Jo lic u e .

Hiram, Harvey and Silas Copp, of Sackville, Albert and George, of Bay Verte, are sons of William Copp . Ralph Siddall (third) married Sus an Oulton and r e mained on the homestead at Westmoreland Point,

“ ’ ” which he named The Crow s Nest. Mrs. Sid

- dall is now living, at the age of eighty six .

Charles married Louisa Chappell, of Bay Verte ,

- and is still living, at t h e ripe age of ninety two N B a . . ye rs . Godfrey and Bill , of Bay Verte, , and

Charles, of Sackville , are his sons . Stephen mar His ried a Miss B rown and h ad a large family . youngest son , George, is the only one living in the vicinity of th e old home . Stephen had a remarkable memory, and greatly enjoyed a good sermon . He followed the se a for a number of years . After settling d o wn at home , near Fort Cumberland , he was appointed to an office in the Customs, which he held to his death . Few men could tell a story better than

Capt. Stephen Siddall .

2 2 5 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

My information, up to the receipt of this letter, was very positive that Jeremiah Brownell came to Nova l Scotia in 1 763 , with the Fi l im o r e s and others ,landing at Fort Lawrence . The family were adherents of the

Presbyterian Church , and took an active part in

h o li u r e Th e building and sustaining that c urch in J c . name has given two ministers to the denomination,

. . . B. Rev J H Brownell, of Little Shemogue, N. , and

n . Rev . Hiram Brow ell , of Northport, N S .

KI NG .

Thomas King came from a small village near Hull ,

Yorkshire , with h is uncle, Christopher Harper, in

a e . 1773 . Before st rting for Am rica Mr Harper hired h is nephew , who was a blacksmith , to work for him for three years for forty pounds sterling . When Mr .

Harper found wages were high in this country , he released h i s nephew from the bargain , and young King worked several years in the Government h is Armory at Fort Cumberland . He married cousin,

Mi ss Harper, and they were the parents of six chil dren, one so n and five daughters . The son , Thomas , married a Miss Chandler ; Jane married George Oulton ; Fanny Thomas Bowser ; one remained single ; of the remaining two, one married Otho Read, and the other Jesse Read . Thomas King (second) owned a large farm that joined the Garrison land . He had a family of two daughters and four sons,Jane,

Watson, Edward , James and Samuel . None of the sons , and but one of the daughters , married . Edward and Samuel occupy the old place , and are the only 25 THE FI RST SETTLE RS OF CUMBERLAND . 3

members of the family now living . The King boys, as they were called , were well read and good conver

i l - h is sat o n a ists . James was a School teacher in early years, and had a local reputation as a mathematician .

RYAN . Daniel Ryan came from Ireland to Nova Scotia soon after the Expulsion and settled near Point de

Bute Corner. He married a Miss Henry . They had — a family of eight Daniel , Henry,James,William ,and four daughters One daughte r married Joseph Black ,

B. M c Br ide of Dorchester, N . another married a Mr. ; another,William Trenholm ,of Point de Bute . William settled in Little Shemogue ; Henry moved to Hastings,

N . Cumberland , . S ; James married Christina Forster, th e Old of Fort Lawrence ,and lived for a time on place . ’ N B About 18 13 he moved to Millstream , King s Co . , . . , where the family for many years occupied a prominent ff place in public a airs .

OGDEN .

The Ogdens were U . E . Loyalists . John (first) came from Long Island, New York , in 1790, and B h . t e settled in Sackville , N . , on the farm owned by late Bloomer Ogden . An uncle of John Ogden spent the latter part of hi s life in prison rather than swear allegiance t o the United States : John married Nancy

Fawc e tt , a daughter of Mr. John Fawcett, Sackville , — and had eight children John , William , Henry,

Thomas, Bloomer, Robert, Ann and Jane .

Joh n (second) settled in Port Elgin . Edward 254 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

h Ogden, of Sackville , is a son of Jo n . Amos and l Wi liam of the same place are sons of Henry . The late Henry Ogden, of Jo lic u r e , was connecte d with this family . N TOWNSE D . John Townsend came from Prince Edward Island and settled in Upper Jo lic u r e early in the las t century d His escendants are living there now . The Town sends are of English descent.

B RO INSON . The Robinsons were an English family that settled

1 80. in Cornwallis, N. S . , about 7 Edmund Robinson, ’ a son , removed to Parrsboro . His wife was Miss Rand, a relative of the Rev . Silas Rand ,the Micmac mission ary . John Robinson of Point de Bute is a grandson of Edmund Robinson .

PHALEN .

John Phalen came early to this country . He was educated for Holy Orders , but never entered the was Ch u r c h as one of its ministers . He married in

Halifax, and taught school in Point de Bute for a

m . nu ber of years . His son , John C Phalen, was a member of the home of Thomas Trueman, of

Point de Bute . John married Priscilla Goodwin , of

Bay Verte , and had a large family . He settled at Of Bay Verte . John Phalen, Amherst, is son of

John C . Phalen . The Phalens of Westmoreland and

Cumberland Counties are descendants of John . One of the name is in the Methodist ministry .

256 S THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMU . a representative to the Provincial Parliament five times in succession , and served the people in that 1 7 1 8 2 capacity from 99 to 6 .

Mr. Roach was married four times . His family of four sons and three daughters was the fruit of h i s first marriage . Ruth , daughter of Charles Dixon , was h is h i Sackville, first wife ; s second, Mrs . Sarah

Allen ; third , Mary Dixon , of O nslow, and h i s fourth ,

Charlotte Wells. Mr. John Roach , of Nappan , and R h Dr. e ac , of Tatamagouche ,are grandsons of Thomas

Roach . LLIK ER S I .

illike r w William S as a U. E . Loyalist from Connec i u 1 78 3 t c t , and came to Bede qu e , P . E . Island , in , h i where he spent the last years of s life . His son , S illike r th e William C . , moved to Bay Verte in early part of the last century . This son was a master

mariner, and spent most of his life at sea . He mar ried Amelia Chappell , and had a family of three Th e S illik e r s children , two sons and one daughter. llik r of Bay Verte are descended from Captain S i e . Alderman S illik e r of Amherst also belongs to this

family .

HEWSON .

James Ho yt t e Hewson and his mother came to

Nova Scotia in 1783 with a party of Loyalists, and

settled in Wallace . His father,Richard Hewson, who

was an officer in the British army,was killed in a negro

insurrection in the south . Mrs . Hewson and her young son were sent nort h to live with friends, E R R N 25 . THE F IRST S TTLE S OF CUMBE LA D. 7

which explai ns how they came to be with the Loyalists . ’ wso n s Ho tte s He . Mr . maiden name was y They soon sold their property in Wallace and removed to Fort

Cumberland, then one of the centres of trade in the new country. Here Mrs . Hewson opened a little l store and also taught a sgli o o , and her son worked as clerk for Titus Knapp . Mrs . Hewson was success ful in her trade venture, and in 1 796 she and her son bought from Spiller Fillim o r e his farm on Joli cure Point, which h as been known ever since as the

Hewson farm . This property is still in possession of the family, and h as been the home Of four genera tions. James Hewson married Je—rusha Freeman , of Amherst, and had six children Richard married

Seraphina Bent , of Fort Lawrence , and lived at River

Philip , N . S . ; James married P hebe Wry, and remained in JOlien r e ; William married Elizabe th

Chandler, and inh erite d the homestea d ; Olive mar

Bede u e . ried George Darby, of q , P . E Island ; i Jerusha marr ed George Baxter, Land Surveyor, and a Loyalist, and lived in Amherst ; Phebe mar h i ried John Schurman, of River P il p, the grand father of President Schurman of Cornell University ,

N Y lie r Ithaca, . John Hewson, of Jo n e , Dr. William t Of and Wa son , Point de Bute ,and Dr. Charles Hew o n s , of Amherst, are sons of William Hewson .

READ . Several persons answering to the name of Read

a afte r th e c me to the Isthmus soon Expulsion .

Thomas Read ,who was one O f the Yorkshire emigrants 17 258 E TH E CHIGN CTO ISTHMUS .

1 4 n of 77 , settled o the River Hebert. In 1 786 Eliph le t Read and Joseph Read were residents of 1 88 Sackville . In 7 Stephen Read was one of the

Trustees of the Stone Church (Methodist),at Point de

B . 1 800 Eli h le t li u ute In an p Read lived in Jo c r e . He married a Miss Converse and had a large family ‘ ’ Jo li u r e i Johnson Read , of c , and Will am Read , of Eli h l e Amherst, are grandsons of this p t .

WRY. John Wry emigrated from Yorkshire to Nova

Scotia about 1 780, and settled i n Sackville . He bought from William Maxwell the farm on which the Brunswick House now stands and made his home there . The Maxwells were from New England, and had been in the country some years . John Wry married a Miss Maxwell . The late Christopher Wry li u r e Wr s of Jo c was a son of John Wry . The y of

Sackville are descendant s of John .

R BOWSE . Thomas Bowser was one of the Yorkshire emigra v tion of 1774 , and settled in Sack ille. His son, ’ Thomas, married Fanny King, and lived on Cole s

Island . Arthur an d Blair Bowser of Point de Bute and John and Bliss of Jo lic u r e are grandsons of

Thomas (second).

* m Jose ph Re ad , of Bay Ve r t e , wr ite s : William R ead , fr o Hi s n s Ne w En glan d , cam e to S ackville about t h e y ear 1760. s o h e at t r m we r e B en jam i n , Jo sh ua, Eliph ale t , an d William , t l e y

r h e r Gr an so n s : E h a e t am Jam e s Ca e b g an dfat . d lip l , Willi , , l ,

h e r . H ar r i s , Asa ,an d Joh n ,t h e last m e n t io n e d be in g my fat

260 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

can War . He married a Miss Somers, of Petitcodiac, at the Bend, and finally settled at Cape Tormentine .

Mrs . Allan was a very large woman ,of pure Dutch stock ,with , it is said, a marked tendency to stand upon her rights . Tradition also says that the pugi listie tenden cies of the family were inherited from ' h the mother, as t e father was a very quiet, meek mannered man . It might be that domestic felicity was more likely to be attained by such a demeanor. Th e Allan family consisted of eight sons and three — ' daughters Ephraim, Jonas , James, Matthew, Lifi,

Dan, George, and Ben were the names of the boys . It ” is told of Matthew t hat once when he was on a time , the press gang took him and his boon companion on

- - board a man o f war and induced them to enlist . When the young m en came to themselves they were in great trouble, and one night, when the ship was lying near one of the West India Islands ,they jumped overboard with the hope of reach ing the shore by swimming. Allan succeeded , and after spending some days on the island in hiding, he found a vessel which brought him back to Halifax, from which place he soon found his way home, none the worse for his ex

e r ie n c e . . p His . companion was never heard from A great many of the name are now living at the Cape where their ancestor first settled .

CHAPPELL.

The Chappells were early in the country . There h Eli h e t were two brothers,Elip e t and Jabe z . p settled at Bay Verte ,and had a family of four sons and five T ER F B 2 1 THE FI RST SET L S O CUM ER LAND . 6

h is daughters . George and Bill , two of sons, married sisters , Jane and Polly , daughters of William Wells, ’ of Point de Bute . Georg e s children were William , W George , Joshua, atson , Susanna,Peggy , Maria, Ann , m Amelia , Al ira and Jane . George married Betsy

Freeze ; Susanna, Strang ; Peggy ,John Rawar th ;

' Mari a , Rufus Chappell ; Amelia , Nelson Beckworth

'

Ann , William F awc e tt ; Almira, Rufus Ou lte n , MD . ’ Jane did not marry . Bill Chappell s sons were Bill , Hi s Rufus, James and Edwin . daughters , Fanny

a . . (M r s . C pt Crane), Matilda (Mrs Edward Wood),

Mr s . Caroline ( . John Carey), Louisa (Mrs Charles

Siddall) . The Chappells were a prominent family in Bay

Verte for many years , and have a good record there .

BETTS . Three brothers by this name emigrated from Eng land to New York shortly before the Revolutionary

War. Two of the brothers fought in that war on the

Eng lish side, and in 1 783 came to N ova Scotia .

Isaac settled at Wallace, Cumberland , and h i s brother

settled on the Miramichi River, in New Brunswick ,

where the name is still found . George Betts , of Point

de Bute , i s a son of Benjamin and a grandson of the

brother who settled at Wallace .

R I VIN . Joseph Irvin was another of the North of Ireland men that came to Old Cumberland early in the last

- century. He settled first on the north west side of 26 2 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS .

' the Point de Bute ridge , where the road makes

li r a slight angle to cross the marsh to Jo c u e . Here he and h i s friend ,Isaac Doherty ,kept a store and built a ’ vessel . The local ity was called Irvin s Corner in the early days . Mr . Irvin married Ann Tingley,and soon after moved to Tidn ish , where he spent the remainder Hi of his life as a farmer. s family consisted of seven sons and three daughters . Three of his sons,Joseph ,

Edwin and James, n o w represent the name in i h Tidn s .

HAMILTON .

Robert Hamilton was born in Tyrone County, Ire land, and emigrated to New Brunswick in th e year 1 8 24 Tidn i sh , settling at . He had a family of fou r children , Gustavus , Mary, Eliza and Eleanor.

Hi s so n , Gustavus, married Eleanor Goodwin, and remained on the home farm , which is now owned by

h is a . . son, Isa c G Hamilton Rev . C . W . Hamilton, of a St . John , and Dr. H milton, of Montreal , are grand o f i sons Robert Ham lton . Robert Hamilton had a a brother,Gust vus . who was a Methodist local preacher, and for many years was a valuable assistant to the regular mini ster at Point de Bute when that circuit incl uded the present Bay Verte circuit .

264 CHIGN THE ECTO ISTHMUS .

The so n was drowned in hi s efforts to swim to the

land , while the father and the two daughters perished from cold and exposure after they had reached the a shore . The British Government llowed the surviving

children , Sarah , Mary, Thomas, Samuel and Charles,

r each sterling . Sarah mar ied Wm . Botsford , an d father of the late Judge Wm . Botsford , grandfather f r of Senator Bots ord ; M a ym ar r i e d Col . Joshua Upham ,

afterwards Chief Justice of New Brunswick . Thomas

Chandler, a lawyer of eminence ,died at Pictou . J wa His wife , Elizabeth Grant, s an aunt of Sam . Slick ,

whose name was Thomas Chandler Haliburton . Samuel Chandler was also in the Legi slature of Nova

Scotia for many year s , representing Colchester

County . He married Susan Watson . His eldest son

was the late Judge James W . Chandler,of Westmore f f land , Charles H . Chandler was Sherif o Cumberland

- l for thirty eight years . Among his chi dren were

Sheriff Joshua Chandler, of Amherst, and the late

- E . . Lieutenant Governor . B Chandler, of Dorchester

The three sons of Col . Joshua Chandler in the early

part of the last century, lived in the township of

Cumberland for. a time and conducted a general

- i n - trading business . Their brother law , William

Botsford , was also a resident of the township at the

same time .

NA — Mc M o n a l e s M CMO GLES . The g lived for a time in

Cumberland and afterwards moved to Sussex , where

the nam e is still found. R r B 2 5 THE FIRST SETTLE S o CUM E RLAND . 6 — FORS TER George Forster was from Yorkshire and h i N. s settled in Amherst, S . One of sons settled Ra in Fort Lawrence ,and another, lph,in Point de Bute .

Ralph subsequently went to Upper Canada . The

Fo r ste rs were Methodists, and it is doubtful if any of that Yorkshire band of Bible loving men and women equalled the Forsters in their veneration for the Word of God and its teachings as they under stood it.

— - CAREY . The Careys be longed to the Scotch Irish immigration that came to Eastern Canada between 1 8 1 5 8 and 1 30. The family landed here about the year 1 822 . Robert settled near Halifax ; John came to

New Brunswick and bought a property at Port Elgin , near the vill age of Bay Verte , where he built a grist

’ and carding mill, and Successfully conducted a large

business for many years . He married Caroline Chap pell and had a family of seven children . There are some of the descendants, but none of the name living

in Bay Verte at this date . Leslie Carey ,of Sackville , and Everett Carey, of California, are grandsons of

John Carey . R DOHE TY .

4 h REXTON, KENT, July t , 1 902.

I — DEAR S R , Yours to hand yesterday, and in reply I have to state that the widow Doherty (my grand h e o f mother) left t Parish Rag, County Donegal , Ire land , about the year 1 8 20, and landed with her family M a u davi c . . B in g , walked to St John, N . , and event ll u a S . y got by schooner up to Great Village, N . , ex 266 THE CHIGNECTO ISTHMUS. cept my father, William , who remained for some time longer in St . John, but also got to Great Village , N . S . ,

” and gradually worked his way to Richibucto , where

M r he had an aunt (Mrs . John c G ego r , and Sister to Tidn i h . s Mrs Joseph Irvin, of Point de Bute or ) . My grandmother likely found her way for a time with part of her large family to Point de Bute, where one of her daughters (Jane) married Richard Jones, of that place . One of her daughters (Mary) remained in Nova Scotia and married George Spencer, and after a number of years moved to Mill Branch, Kent,

B. r isil h N. G da, t e eldest daughter, married John

Reid , but I do not know when marr ied, but th ey r e sided in Mill Branch, Kent County, from my e arliest

‘ recollection . My father, William , in time settled on m a far on the main Richibucto River, and married

M Llan d N . Nancy c e , of Great Village , . S , a sister of M Le llan d G . W . c , who for many years represented Colchester County in the House of Assembly at l Ha ifax . My father afterwards moved to the south n d branch of the St . Nicholas River, Kent County, a built an extensive establishment of mills , including saw , g rist and carding mills . Joseph Doherty , the youngest of the family , located i n Buctouche, where he also established a mill property, now in possession of John M c Ke e , but subs equently removed to Camp t h e a bellton . Isaac Doherty,the eldest of family, c me to Canada some five years before his mother and the rest of the family, and he and Joseph Irvin con h ducted some trade wit Newfoundland, and, I think , built a Ship somewhere about Tidn ish or Bay

268 G E THE CHI N CTO ISTHMUS .

R — SUTHE LAND . James Sutherland is of Scotc h blood .

Donald Sutherland,his grandfather,came fromSuther l n dsh i r 1 1 a e , Scotland, in 8 8, and settled in Pictou N S . County , .

R — BULME . George Bulmer is a descendant of George

Bulmer, who came from Yorkshire in the sh ip Du lce Y k o or 1 2. He f in the spring of 77 . came with his

- i n - brother law , William Freeze . The Bulmers are said m to be of Nor an descent. ’ E — u ll n F ULL RTON. Douglas F er t o s grandfather was 1 a Scotchman , coming to Halifax about the year 790.

He taught school for a number of years . He mar ried a Miss Peck and soon after settled down a < a ’ N w S . farmer in Parrsboro ,Cumberland County , . , here many of his descendants live . — ’ DOYLE James Doyle s grandfather came from

Ireland and settled at Five Islands,Colchester County, N . S . — m HICKS This na e was early in Nova Scotia . I

find John Hicks in company with three others, pro s p e c t e d Nova Scotia, in 1759, for prospective settlers , from Rhodes Island and Connecticut,and decided to take up lands at Pi squ id or Windsor. Josiah Hicks e 1 86 e was a r sident of Sackville in 7 . The lat Samuel Hicks of Jo lic ur e came to that place from Sackvil le where th e name is now in large number.