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Memorias Del Primer Conversatorio Internacional En Línea Camino Real De Tierra Afuera De Zacatecas a Texas

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Memorias Del Primer Conversatorio Internacional En Línea Camino Real De Tierra Afuera De Zacatecas a Texas Memorias del Primer conversatorio Internacional en Línea Camino Real de Tierra Afuera De Zacatecas a Texas Saltillo, coahuila, 2020 Memorias del Primer Conversatorio Internacional en Línea Camino de Tierra Afuera. De Zacatecas a Texas. Contenido © Mario Carrillo Palacios © Ana Isabel Pérez Gavilán 9 Mensaje © Juan José Casas García © José Antonio Portillo Valadez Mesa 1: Los itinerarios culturales la complejidad de una visión © José Castillo Santamaría © Ana Sofía Rodríguez Cepeda global © Joseph Ricardo Danel © José Francisco Román Gutiérrez 13 Caminos de ida y vuelta, los itinerarios culturales, como figura © Yuri de la Rosa Gutiérrez © Víctor Raúl Ruíz García patrimonial. Los caminos reales como recorridos históricos. © Rodolfo Esparza Cárdenas © Miguel Ángel Sorroche Cuerva Miguel Ángel Sorroche Cuerva © Enrique R. Lamadrid © Carlos Manuel Valdés Dávila 31 Itinerarios culturales, un enfoque transversal desde la gestión © Claudia Cristina Martínez García © Arturo Villarreal Reyes universitaria. © Tomás Martínez Saldaña Ana Sofía Rodríguez Cepeda © Gobierno del Estado de Coahuila de Zaragoza 43 El paisaje como herramienta para el estudio del patrimonio material e © Secretaría de Cultura del Estado de Coahuila inmaterial. © Colegio de Postgraduados Claudia Cristina Martínez García © Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Mesa 2: Los habitantes originales, un mundo aparte © Centro Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia - Coahuila 61 La presencia de los indígenas en lo que sería el Camino Real. Carlos Manuel Valdés Dávila Edición: Arturo E. Villarreal Reyes y Brenda B. Hernández Santana 69 Antecedentes del camino real. La expresión rupestre, antes y después Diseño editorial: Mayra Ambriz del camino real de Coahuila. Imagen en portada: Bryan Gutiérrez Yuri Leopoldo de la Rosa Gutiérrez ISBN En trámite Saltillo, Coahuila de Zaragoza Primera edición: diciembre de 2020 Hecho en México Mesa 3: La conquista espiritual: Misiones y Pueblos de Indios Mesa 5: Rutas y migraciones durante el virreinato 89 La doctrina de San Esteban de la Nueva Tlaxcala en el Camino Real 265 La imagen de los indios texas. El diario de fray Gaspar José de Solís. de Tierra Afuera. Víctor Raúl Ruíz García Mario Carrillo Palacios 283 Viajar con el diablo. Las representaciones del martirio a través de las 105 Fray Antonio Margil de Jesús y los Alabados de General Cepeda, crónicas coloniales en el noreste de la Nueva España. Coahuila. Cantos que dan vida a la muerte. Juan José Casas García José Castillo Santamaría Mesa 4: Las Mentalidades: Territorio y sociedad en la visión indígena 121 La cultura y mentalidad de manejo tecnológico y ambiental en San Esteban de la Nueva Tlaxcala. Tomás Martínez Saldaña 173 Tlaxcaltecas en el camino real. Rodolfo Esparza Cárdenas 193 Cofradías de San Esteban de la Nueva Tlaxcala. Arturo E. Villarreal Reyes 215 El señor de Tlaxcala, Jesucristo crucificado y tlaxcaltecas en Bustamante, N.L. José Antonio Portillo Valadez 225 Santa Fe y San Antonio: Bifurcaciones históricas y culturales en los Caminos Reales de Tierra Adentro (1598) y Tierra Afuera (1718). Enrique R. Lamadrid 243 Una aproximación a los tejidos navajo y el sarape saltillense. Ana Isabel Pérez Gavilán Ávila Mensaje Tras seis intensas jornadas, del 18 al 24 de noviembre de 2020, la Secretaría de Cultura del Estado de Coahui- la transmitió en sus redes sociales las actividades del Primer Conversatorio Internacional en Línea “Camino Real de Tierra Afuera, de Zacatecas a Texas”. Se trató de un espacio de reflexión y análisis sobre una centenaria ruta histórica surcada por senderos que se bifurcan, se enredan, se trenzan en la urdimbre de la geografía, se entretejen con los hilos de la historia y permite forjar la identidad de la cultura mestiza norteña. El evento fue posible gracias a la coordinación con el Colegio de Postgraduados, la Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila y el Centro INAH-Coahuila. Estos espacios nos permitieron escuchar en 19 conferencias las ideas de académicos, historiadores e investigadores de reconocido prestigio de España, Estados Unidos y México. Tra- taron sobre diversos aspectos, como el poblamiento, la evangelización y el patrimonio cultural de una amplia región del ahora noreste mexicano y suroeste del país vecino. El evento destacó por la diversidad en las disciplinas de los conferencistas y la innovación en la interpreta- ción de los datos históricos, lo cual nos permitirá revalorar nuestro patrimonio cultural y reforzar la memoria colectiva Ahora ponemos en sus manos las memorias del Conversatorio con las ponencias escritas. Es nuestra sincera esperanza que en sus reflexiones nos descubramos a nosotros mismos, en la historia compartida, en el patrimo- nio y la identidad cultural común. Ana Sofía García Camil Secretaria de Cultura del Gobierno del Estado de Coahuila de Zaragoza Mesa 1 Los itinerarios culturales, la complejidad de una visión global Caminos de ida y vuelta, los itinerarios culturales, como figura patrimonial. Los caminos reales como recorridos históricos. Miguel Ángel Sorroche Cuerva Introducción a capacidad del ser humano para moverse e intercambiar objetos e Lideas se canalizó a través de rutas que facilitaron el proceso. Un iti- nerario cultural puede reconocerse en un recorrido creado expresamente para cubrir una finalidad, o en múltiples caminos empleados para distin- tos fines. Es su utilización histórica la que le da sentido y el conjunto de elementos patrimoniales que se pueden identificar y que contribuyeron a Los itinerarios culturales, la complejidad de una visión global. culturales, Los itinerarios ese fin, reflejan las influencias recíprocas que pueden darse entre distin- la complejidad de una visión global. culturales, Los itinerarios tas culturas durante un período extenso de la historia. Y eso a pesar de ser contextos en los que se han testimoniado también unas relaciones que han podido ser violentas, generando imposiciones forzosas de ideologías, que se han reflejado sobre otras en la aparición de un nuevo componente cultural. Página opuesta: Plano de reconocimiento de En la actualidad se quiere ver en ellos procesos históricos que no sur- la ruta de Monterrey a Mazapil. 1847. Biblio- teca del Congreso de los Estados Unidos. gen de la imaginación que vincula conjuntos asociativos de bienes cultu- 12 13 rales con rasgos comunes, como se pueda hacer en algunas delimitaciones La llegada europea a América, encabezada por los castellanos, siem- espaciales, caso de los centros históricos, y que fueron las primeras en pre ha estado envuelta por el debate de las consecuencias que acarreó verse reconocidas como patrimonio de la humanidad en Iberoamérica dicha presencia. Lejos de contar con una política de actuación premedi- (Crespo Toral, 2002). Por ello se debe considerar que su punto de partida tada y que a lo sumo pudo haberse puesto en marcha en el período que siempre ha sido el reconocimiento del establecimiento de una dinámica se transitó por los espacios insulares caribeños, el desconocimiento del de relación que ha podido ser consecuencia de la voluntad humana que territorio al que se llegó marcó el modus operandi de los recién llega- ha tenido la capacidad de establecerlos como vías estables o resultado de dos. Esta realidad territorial desconocida, supuso que su conocimiento un largo proceso en el que intervienen factores humanos que coinciden se fuera construyendo conforme avanzaba el proceso de ocupación, dán- para un mismo fin. La riqueza de las sinergias generadas, como de los dose el caso de una traslación directa de la maquinaria administrativa e componentes relacionados, exigen de un tratamiento multidisciplinar instrumentos burocráticos medievales y tardo medievales a los nuevos en la aproximación que se quiera hacer a su conocimiento. No podemos territorios. De alguna manera, América fue, por un período, un espejo de perder de vista que a través de esos caminos han fluido desde elementos Castilla en cuanto a organización y funcionamiento. espirituales como creencias religiosas, a sistemas sociales de relación, po- Ello supuso inevitablemente que algunas figuras político-adminis- líticos y administrativos de organización, así como criterios artísticos, trativas peninsulares se proyectaran sin apenas modificación caso de los sistemas de construcción, costumbres culinarias e, incluso, enfermedades caminos reales, entendidos como vías de tránsito y comunicación entre y que implicaban el traslado de especies animales y vegetales, adaptán- los distintos territorios que se iban integrando dentro de otras de las fi- dose y transformando los ambientes por los que transitaban ya a los que guras trasladadas, el virreinato (García-Gallo, 1952). El trazado de vías de Los itinerarios culturales, la complejidad de una visión global. culturales, Los itinerarios la complejidad de una visión global. culturales, Los itinerarios llegaban. comunicación entre un territorio y otro no fue una excepción, siendo su presencia registrada desde la Antigüedad, conformando episodios desta- Antecedentes históricos. cados durante las campañas de Alejandro Magno en Asia, o la misma es- Al abordar la revisión respecto a los antecedentes de los caminos reales, tructuración territorial romana en torno al Mediterráneo. Ya en la Edad se abre la necesaria visión dual de la realidad histórica americana respec- Media, y en el caso concreto peninsular, la larga experiencia en relación a to a lo existente y a la implantación de lo nuevo llegado desde Europa, la dotación de infraestructuras que permitieran el tránsito de personas y con lo que
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