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Wool Characteristics in Relation to Navajo Weaving
TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 790 • JANUARY 1942 Wool Characteristics in Relation to Navajo Weaving By JAMES O. GRANDSTAFF Associate Animal Fiber Technologist Animal Husbandry Division Bureau of Animal Industry LNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. G. • Price 20 cents Technical Bulletin No. 790 • January 1942 llgFA|i:tBlEIV*r «F ACSIIIC1JI.TI7RE WASIIIM«T»N, »* C. Wool Characteristics in Relation to Navajo Weaving' By JAMES O. GBANDSTAPF ^ Associate animal fiber technologist, Animal Husbandry Division, Bureau of Animal Industry CONTENTS Page Page Introduction 1 Experimental results 12 Purpose of study 7 Rugs woven from wool of experimental Materialsand methods 7 sheep 12 Rugs woven from wool of experimental Old Navajo blankets and rugs 21 sheep- 7 Comparison of wool from experimental Old Navajo blankets and rugs 8 sheep with that in old blankets and rugs. 33 Summary 34 Literature cited 36 INTRODUCTION Hand weaving is an industry of considerable economic and social importance to the Navajo Indians (fig. 1). On and immediately adjacent to a reservation area of approxiiiiately 16 million acres in northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico/and southern Utah, nearly 50,000 Navajos make their home. Sheep raising has been the main occupation of these people for well over a century. After years of continued overgrazing, the land has become badly eroded and will not support a sheep industry of sufficient size to maintain the constantly growing Navajo population. The number of mature sheep and goats on the reservation has been reduced to about 550,000 head, but the total number of stock, in- cluding horses and cattle, is still considerably in excess of the carrying capacity of the range, according to estimates of the Soil Conservation Service, of the United States Department of Agriculture. -
Navajo Weavers
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. NAVAJO WEAVERS. BY Dr. WASHINOTON MATTHEWS, U. S. A. (371) ILLirSTKATIONS. Page. Platk XXXIV. —Navajo woman spinning 376 XXXV. —Weaving of diamnntl-shaped tliagonals 380 XXXVI.—Navajo woman weaving a belt 384 XXXVII.— Ziiiii women weaving a belt 388 XXXVIII.—Bringing down tbe batten 390 Fig. 42.—Ordinary Navajo blanket loom 378 43. —Diagram sbowing formation of warp 379 44.—Weaving of saddle-girtb 382 45. —Diagram showing arrangement of threads of tbe warp in tbe bealds and on the rod 383 46. —Weaving of saddle-girtb 383 47. —Diagram showing arrangement of healds in diagonal weaving. 384 48.—Diagonal cloth 384 49. —Navajo blanket of the finest quality 385 50. —Navajo blankets 386 51. —Navajo blanket 386 52. —Navajo blanket 387 53. —Navajo blanket 387 54. —Part of Navajo blanket 388 55. —Part of Navajo blanket 388 56. —Diagram showing formation of warp of sash 388 57. —Section of Navajo belt 389 53.—Wooden heaUl of the Zuuis 389 59. —Gix'l weaving (from an Aztec picture) 391 (373) NAVAJO WEAVERS. By Dr. Washington Matthews. § I. The art of weaving, as it exists among the Navajo Indians of New Mexico and Arizona, possesses points of great interest to the stu- dent of ethnography. It is of aboriginal origin ; and while European art has undoubtedly modifled it, the extent and nature of the foreign influence is easily traced. It is by no means certain, still there are many reasons for supposing, that the Navajos learned their craft from the Pueblo Indians, and that, too, since the advent of the Spaniards; yet the pupils, if such they be, far excel their masters to-day in the beauty and quality of their work. -
Advances in Carpet Manufacture
SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. www.ebookcenter.ir Woodhead Publishing in Textiles: Number 87 Advances in carpet manufacture Edited by K. K. Goswami © SOFTbank2009 Woodhead E-Book Publishing Center Limited Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. www.ebookcenter.ir Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited in association with The Textile Institute Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Granta Park, Geat Abington Cambridge CB21 6AH, UK www.woodheadpublishing.com Woodhead Publishing India Private Limited, G-2, Vardaan House, 7/28 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi ± 110002, India Published in North America by CRC Press LLC, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA First published 2009, Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC ß Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2009 The authors have asserted their moral rights. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publishers cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials. Neither the authors nor the publishers, nor anyone else associated with this publication, shall be liable for any loss, damage or liability directly or indirectly caused or alleged to be caused by this book. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from Woodhead Publishing Limited. The consent of Woodhead Publishing Limited does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. -
Library Author List 12:2020
SDCWG LIBRARY INVENTORY December 2020 SORTED BY AUTHOR Shelf Author Title Subject Location Abel, Isabel Multiple Harness Patterns Weaving Instruction Adelson, Laurie Weaving Tradition of Highland Bolivia Ethnic Textiles Adrosko, Rita Natural Dyes and Home Dyeing Dyeing Adrosko, Rita Natural Dyes in the United States Dyeing Ahnlund, Gunnila Vava Bilder (Swedish Tapestry) Ethnic Textiles Albers, Anni On Designing Design Albers, Anni On Weaving General Weaving Albers, Josef Interaction of Color Design Alderman, Sharon D. Handwoven, Tailormade Clothing Alderman, Sharon D. Handweaver's Notebook General Weaving Alderman, Sharon D. Mastering Weave Structures Weaving Patterns Alexander, Marthann Weaving Handcraft General Weaving Allard, Mary Rug Making Techniques and Design Rug Weaving Allen, Helen Louise American & European Hand Weaving General Weaving American Craft Museum Diane Itter: A retrospective Catalog American Tapestry American Tapestry Biennial I Tapestry Alliance American Tapestry American Tapestry Today Tapestry Alliance American Tapestry Panorama of Tapestry, Catalog Tapestry Alliance American-Scandinavian The Scandinavian Touch Ethnic Textiles Foundation Amos, Alden 101 Questions for Spinners Spinning 1 SDCWG LIBRARY INVENTORY December 2020 SORTED BY AUTHOR Shelf Author Title Subject Location Amsden, Charles A. Navaho Weaving Navajo Weaving Anderson, Clarita Weave Structures Used In North Am. Coverlets Weave Structures Anderson, Marilyn Guatemalan Textiles Today Ethnic Textiles Anderson, Sarah The Spinner’s Book of Yarn Designs -
HEYDER ALIYEV CENTRE, Azerbaijan Zaha Hadid Architects Background in 2013, the Heydar Aliyev Center Opened to the Public in Baku, the Capital of Azerbaijan
HEYDER ALIYEV CENTRE, Azerbaijan Zaha Hadid Architects Background In 2013, the Heydar Aliyev Center opened to the public in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. The cultural center, designed by Zaha Hadid, has become the primary building for the nation's cultural programs, aspiring instead to express the sensibilities of Azeri culture and the optimism of a nation that looks to the future. This report presents a case study of the project. It will include the background information, a synopsis of the architect's mastery of structural design. Also, some special elements of this building will be discussed in detail. And the structural design of the whole complex will be reviewed through diagrams and the simplified computer-based structural analysis. The Heydar Aliyev Center Since 1991, Azerbaijan has been working on modernizing and developing Baku’s infrastructure and architecture in order to depart from its legacy of normative Soviet Modernism. The center is named for Heydar Aliyev, the leader of Soviet-era Azerbaijan from 1969 to 1982, and President of Azerbaijan from October 1993 to October 2003. The project is located in the center of the city. And it played an extremely important role in the development of the city. It breaks from the rigid and often monumental Soviet architecture that is so prevalent in Baku. More importantly, it is a symbol of democratic philosophy thought. Under the influence of the new Azerbaijan party and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan leader’s political and economic reform, the center was also designed to show the potential of the country’s future cultural development, to encourage people to study the history, language, culture, national creed and spiritual values of their own country. -
FALL 06 ISSUE 11-9.Indd
People, Travel, Entertainment, Environment & Real Estate in the Southwest & Rockies Fall 2006 HOLIDAY GIFT-GIVING IDEAS INSIDE! JERRY ANDERSON: Silver Reef’s Renown Sculptor DAI: Building a Legacy of Fine Communities Majestic Lodge at Zion National Park Photo by Mark Breinholt Grapevine Radio for Women Colorland Photography Welcome to the Enchanting West Crisp mornings and bright sunny days Along the Wasatch Front, Development Associates Inc. is known for From the Publisher with trees beginning to drop their leaves. its legendary communities which are developed along the hill, dale, It’s harvest time. and mountainside areas of northern Utah. The partners have perfected PATTI M. EDDINGTON This issue is presents a bounteous these communities for the discerning buyer looking for real estate in offering of great reading and beautiful prime areas, with a diverse selection designed for young famillies or pictorials representing a fine collection of stories–and some fine writers empty-nesters. DAI knows that incorporating greenbelts, shade, ponds and photographers added to the harvest mix. and plenty of space into the natural environment will ensure their I have known of Jerry Anderson’s work since I studied fine art at the communities will thrive for generations to come. university and have always been a fan of bronze sculptures–masterful Denny’s Wigwam has been an icon on the tourists must-see list for renditions of humans and wildlife, all in fine form. decades. Located in Kanab on scenic byway US Hwy 89, buses by the A visit to Anderson’s gallery and studio at Silver Reef in Leeds, Utah, multitude stop daily, all year round. -
Azərbaycan Respublikasi Mədəniyyət Və Turizm Nazirliyi
AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI MƏDƏNİYYƏT VƏ TURİZM NAZİRLİYİ M.F.AXUNDOV ADINA AZƏRBAYCAN MİLLİ KİTABXANASI YENİ KİTABLAR Annotasiyalı biblioqrafik göstərici 2010 Buraxılış II B A K I – 2010 AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI MƏDƏNİYYƏT VƏ TURİZM NAZİRLİYİ M.F.AXUNDOV ADINA AZƏRBAYCAN MİLLİ KİTABXANASI YENİ KİTABLAR 2010-cu ilin ikinci rübündə M.F.Axundov adına Milli Kitabxanaya daxil olan yeni kitabların annotasiyalı biblioqrafik göstəricisi Buraxılış II BAKI - 2010 Tərtibçilər: L.Talıbova N.Rzaquliyeva Baş redaktor: K.Tahirov Redaktor: T.Ağamirova Yeni kitablar: biblioqrafik göstərici /tərtib edənlər L.Talıbova [və b.]; baş red. K.Tahirov; red. T.Ağamirova; M.F.Axundov adına Azərbаycан Milli Kitabxanası.- Bakı, 2010.- Buraxılış II. - 424 s. © M.F.Axundov ad. Milli Kitabxana, 2010 Təbiət elmləri 1. 2-780890 Экологическая экспертиза [Текст]: учебное пособие для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальности "Экология" /В.К.Донченко, В.М.Питулько, В.В.Растоскуев, С.А.Фролова; под ред. В.М.Питулько; рец. М.П.Федоров, Л.И.Цветкова, А.Г.Емельянов.- М.: Издательский центр "Академия", 2010.- 523 с. В книге дан анализ нормативно-правового обеспечения охраны окружающей среды, природопользования и экологической безопасности в России и за рубежом. Riyaziyyat 2. В1.р Alıyev, R.B. Pedaqoji fakültələrin riyaziyyat kursunda A50 rasional ədədlərin tədrisi yolları [Mətn]: ped. elm. nam. dər. dis. 13.00.02 /Rafiq Alıyev; ADPU.- Bakı, 2007.- 148 s. 3. В1.р Cəfərov, O.C. V-VI siniflərdə şagirdlərin ədədlər C50 nəzəriyyəsi elementlərinə dair biliklərinin genişləndirilməsi və dərinləşdirilməsi [Mətn]: ped. elm. nam. dər. dis.: 13.00.02 /Orxan Cəfərov; Azərb. Resp. Təhsil nazirliyi, Naxşıvan Dövlət un-ti. Naxçıvan, 2008.- 176 s. 4. В127 Davudova, R.İ. -
Hamlet İsaxanlı: Biblioqrafiya. Alim, Qurucu, Şair
Hamlet Isaxanlı Biblioqrafiya. Alim, Qurucu, Şair İngilis dilində ......................................................................... 102 XƏZƏR UNİVERSİTƏSİ Rus dilində ............................................................................. 105 KİTABXANA İNFORMASİYA MƏRKƏZİ Avropa və Şərq dillərində...................................................... 111 Prof. Hamlet İsaxanlı haqqında məqalələrin əlifba göstəriciləri ............................................................................. 112 Azərbaycan dilində ................................................................ 112 İngilis dilində ......................................................................... 121 HAMLET İSAXANLI Rus dilində ............................................................................. 122 Avropa və Şərq dillərində ..................................................... 124 ALİM QURUCU ŞAİR BİBLİOQRAFİYA Xəzər Universitəsi Nəşriyyatı B a k ı - 2 0 1 0 4 1 Hamlet Isaxanlı Biblioqrafiya. Alim, Qurucu, Şair Redaksiya heyəti: Tatyana Zaytseva, Ph.D. İçindəkilər İsaxan İsaxanlı, Ph.D. Lyudmila Sotova Tərtibçidən ............................................................................. 5 Tərtibçi: Səbinə Əlimərdanova Hamlet Abdulla oğlu İsaxanlı (İsayev) ............................... 7 Riyaziyyat................................................................................ 8 Tərcüməçilər: Eldar Şahgəldiyev, Ph.D. Humanitar və sosial elmlər üzrə tədqiqatları. Poetik və Hafiz Əliyev bədii-publisistik yaradıcılığı ................................................. -
Navajo Weaving: Its Historic and Contemporary Perspectives
Navajo Weaving: Its Historic and Contemporary Perspectives Presented by Jerry Kerr March, 2006 Photo by Edward S. Curtis “For many generations weaving has been an integral part of the fabric of Navajo life. Monetary rewards are only a small part of the Navajo woman’s desire to weave. Weaving is a unifying force, an expression of personal pride and cultural identity, a spiritual experience, a tradition.” - Alice Kaufman and Christopher Selser Navajo Weaving Tradition: 1650 to the Present INTRODUCTION The Pueblo Culture of the American Southwest had been in the region for centuries, and the people had been weaving cotton for 500 years by the time the Navajo arrived in the area in the 1300s. While the pueblos focused on peaceful co-existence and domesticity, the Navajo, subsistence farmers themselves, raided other tribes and villages for their sustenance and wealth. This was the tenuous balance of power that the Spanish encountered when they first arrived in the region – a peaceful pueblo culture that was the dominant social influence in the area somewhat defenseless against the incursions of the raiding Navajo. Through the taking of pueblo slaves, the Navajo had been able to learn first-hand the intricacies of weaving spun cotton thread into fabric. The Navajos quickly adapted the pueblo loom to suit their own seasonally migratory lifestyle, and they have retained those adaptations to this day. They also designated weaving as women’s work, while it had been the responsibility of the men in the pueblos. By the time of the Spanish arrival in 1540 the Navajo weavers had already begun to surpass the pueblos in technical proficiency and design creativity. -
2006 MNA Navajo Textile Report
THE NAVAJO TEXTILE COLLECTION AT THE MUSEUM OF NORTHERN ARIZONA BY LAURIE D. WEBSTER, PH.D. JANUARY 2006 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 The Navajo Textile Collection at the Museum of Northern Arizona 4 Classic Period Textiles (to ca. 1870) 4 Late Classic Period Textiles (ca. 1868-1880) 4 Transition Period Blankets and Rugs (ca. 1880-1890) 5 Specialized Styles of the Nineteenth Century 7 Chief-style Blankets and Rugs 7 Women's Wearing Blankets 8 Women's Two-Piece Dresses 8 Rio Grande Influence ("Slave Blankets") 9 Moqui Pattern Blankets and Rugs 10 Wedge Weave Blankets 11 Germantown Blankets and Rugs 11 Overview of Textiles from the Early Rug Period (ca. 1890-1920) 12 Overview of Textiles from the Early Modern Period (ca. 1920-1940) 13 Overview of Textiles from the Modern Period (ca. 1940-present) 14 Regional Styles 14 Hubbell Revival Weavings 14 Ganado/Klagetoh Rugs 15 Early Crystal Rugs 16 Two Grey Hills Rugs 16 Teec Nos Pos Rugs 16 Red Mesa Outline Rugs 17 Early and Modern Chinle Rugs 17 Modern Crystal Rugs 18 Wide Ruins/Pine Springs Rugs 19 Burntwater Rugs 19 Nazlini Rugs 20 Sawmill Rugs 20 Other Specialized Styles and Miscellaneous Weavings 20 Storm Pattern Rugs 20 Modern Revival Rugs 21 Rugs with Compound Designs 21 Yei and Yeibichai Weavings 21 Sandpainting Rugs and Tapestries 22 Pictorial Weavings 23 Raised Outline Rugs 24 Tufted Rugs 24 Twill-woven Rugs and Saddle Blankets 25 Two-Faced Rugs and Saddle Blankets 26 Tailored and Non-Tailored Garments 26 Belts and Garters 26 Miscellaneous Textiles 27 Important Sub-Collections of Navajo Textiles at MNA 28 2 Summary and Recommendations 33 References Cited 36 Appendix I: List of Navajo Textiles at the Museum of Northern Arizona 37 Appendix II: Navajo Textiles in Good or Excellent Condition for Rotating Exhibit 61 3 INTRODUCTION The Museum of Northern Arizona is home to one of the largest and most important collections of Navajo textiles in the world. -
Navajo Sandpainting Textiles
Navajo Sandpainting Textiles Jan . 21 - Feb. 28, 1996 Johnson County CommunityCollege • Galleryof Art Navajo SandpaintingTextiles Sandpainting weavings, however, are not, nor have they been , a part of The Navajo term for sandpainting is Navajo ceremonies. Although sandpaint 'iikiiiih, "place where the gods come and ing textiles are reproductions from the go." Since sandpaintings are employed Navajo ceremonial Chantways (also in ceremonies designed to summon commonly referred to as Chants or supernatural forces, it is impo1tant for Sings), they are not intended to be used the viewer to approach the subject with for sacred purposes. Although fewer the understanding that sandpaintings Chantways are performed today , they represent graphic and sacred renderings can be divided into seven major groups , of the Navajo's religious world. and each of these consists of one or Traditionally, sandpainting is done more subgroups. These subgroups con only as part of a curing, purification or tain from four to 96 sandpaintings, thus blessing ritual. When people are in good making specific identification difficult. health, they are in harmony with their One area of investigation is the whole environment. When they become identification of the accuracy of the Tbe Skies, from the Shooting Chant, woven by ill or "out of harmony, " they may be ceremonial design from specific Mrs. Many Goats, c. 1930, wool , 82" x 77W', treated with one of 60 ceremonies. Chantways reproduced in a woven collection Mr. and Mrs. A. ]. Gates, Scottsdale. Sandpaintings thus serve as an integral sandpainting, that is, the weaver's of these early rugs is unknown. Two part of elaborate Navajo healing or source for the sandpainting textile. -
Magic Carpet Ride
Magic Carpet Ride The Pazyryk Carpet is the world's oldest pile rug. It was found in a burial mound in the Pazyryk Valley in Siberia. Experts agree that it was most likely not made there, rather Persia or Armenia. They have dated it to some time in the 4th or 5th Century BCE (about 2,500 years old). https://www.mattcamron.com/ blog/the-worlds-oldest-rug-the- pazyryk-rug This Persian carpet dates back to the year 946. It took three years for five weavers to complete the carpet, which was ordered by Shah Tahmasp for the Sheikh Safi mosque. https://www.carpetencyclopedia.com/ Azerbaijan Carpet Museum https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ai2hDCHSPRw https://www.advantour.com/azerbaijan/handcrafts/carpets.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_rug wool dying https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qq94Hvsx46k Motifs https://www.orientalrugsalon.com/interpreting-rug-designs/ Faig Ahmed (1982- https://www.faigahmed.com https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=nT9PwBqDDMw https://www.shangrilahawaii.org/ visit/residencies/faig-ahmed/ Faig Ahmed is an Azerbaijani contemporary visual artist who is best known for his surrealist weavings which integrate visual distortions into traditional oriental rugs. Afghan War Rugs Since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and continuing today, traditional Afghan rug weavers have incorporated stylized representations of political figures, Kalashnikovs, flags, maps, architectural landmarks, tanks, drones and ammunition amid colorful floral and geometric patterns; designs reflecting a reality familiar to the people of this multi-generational war-torn region. In 1971 the Italian conceptual artist Alighieri Boetti (1940-1994) began commissioning Afghan weavers to produce a series of map textiles originally inspired by his collected newspaper illustrations of the Arab-Israeli Six-Day War (1967).