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Wool Characteristics in Relation to Navajo Weaving
TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 790 • JANUARY 1942 Wool Characteristics in Relation to Navajo Weaving By JAMES O. GRANDSTAFF Associate Animal Fiber Technologist Animal Husbandry Division Bureau of Animal Industry LNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. G. • Price 20 cents Technical Bulletin No. 790 • January 1942 llgFA|i:tBlEIV*r «F ACSIIIC1JI.TI7RE WASIIIM«T»N, »* C. Wool Characteristics in Relation to Navajo Weaving' By JAMES O. GBANDSTAPF ^ Associate animal fiber technologist, Animal Husbandry Division, Bureau of Animal Industry CONTENTS Page Page Introduction 1 Experimental results 12 Purpose of study 7 Rugs woven from wool of experimental Materialsand methods 7 sheep 12 Rugs woven from wool of experimental Old Navajo blankets and rugs 21 sheep- 7 Comparison of wool from experimental Old Navajo blankets and rugs 8 sheep with that in old blankets and rugs. 33 Summary 34 Literature cited 36 INTRODUCTION Hand weaving is an industry of considerable economic and social importance to the Navajo Indians (fig. 1). On and immediately adjacent to a reservation area of approxiiiiately 16 million acres in northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico/and southern Utah, nearly 50,000 Navajos make their home. Sheep raising has been the main occupation of these people for well over a century. After years of continued overgrazing, the land has become badly eroded and will not support a sheep industry of sufficient size to maintain the constantly growing Navajo population. The number of mature sheep and goats on the reservation has been reduced to about 550,000 head, but the total number of stock, in- cluding horses and cattle, is still considerably in excess of the carrying capacity of the range, according to estimates of the Soil Conservation Service, of the United States Department of Agriculture. -
Variable Stars Observer Bulletin
Amateurs' Guide to Variable Stars September-October 2013 | Issue #2 Variable Stars Observer Bulletin ISSN 2309-5539 Twenty new W Ursae Majoris-type eclipsing binaries from the Catalina Sky Survey Details for 20 new WUMa systems are presented, along with a preliminary The FU Orionis phenomenon model of the FU Orionis stars are pre-main-sequence totally eclipsing eruptive variables which appear to be a system GSC stage in the development of T Tauri 03090-00153. stars. Image: FU Orionis. Credit: ESO NSVS 5860878 = Dauban V 171 Carbon in the sky: A new Mira variable in Cygnus a few remarkable carbon stars The list of the most interesting and bright carbon stars for northern observers is presented. Right: TT Cygni. A carbon star. Credit & Copyright: H.Olofsson (Stockholm Nova Observatory) et al. Delphini 2013 Nova has reached magnitude 4.3 visual The "Heavenly Owl" on August 16 observatory: seeing above the Black Sea waterfront VS-COMPAS Project: variable stars research and data mining. More at http://vs-compas.belastro.net Variable Stars Observer Bulletin Amateurs' Guide to Variable Stars September-October 2013 | Issue #2 C O N T E N T S 04 NSVS 5860878 = Dauban V 171: a new Mira variable in Cygnus by Ivan Adamin, Siarhey Hadon A new Mira variable in the constellation of Cygnus is presented. The variability of the NSVS 5860878 source was detected in January of 2012. Lately, the object was identified as the Dauban V171. A revision is submitted to the VSX. 06 Twenty new W Ursae Majoris-type eclipsing binaries Credit: Justin Ng from the Catalina Sky Survey by Stefan Hümmerich, Klaus Bernhard, Gregor Srdoc 16 Nova Delphini 2013: a naked-eye visible flare in A short overview of eclipsing binary northern skies stars and their traditional by Andrey Prokopovich classification scheme is given, which concentrates on W Ursae Majoris On August 14, 2013 a new bright star (WUMa)-type systems. -
Navajo Weavers
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. NAVAJO WEAVERS. BY Dr. WASHINOTON MATTHEWS, U. S. A. (371) ILLirSTKATIONS. Page. Platk XXXIV. —Navajo woman spinning 376 XXXV. —Weaving of diamnntl-shaped tliagonals 380 XXXVI.—Navajo woman weaving a belt 384 XXXVII.— Ziiiii women weaving a belt 388 XXXVIII.—Bringing down tbe batten 390 Fig. 42.—Ordinary Navajo blanket loom 378 43. —Diagram sbowing formation of warp 379 44.—Weaving of saddle-girtb 382 45. —Diagram showing arrangement of threads of tbe warp in tbe bealds and on the rod 383 46. —Weaving of saddle-girtb 383 47. —Diagram showing arrangement of healds in diagonal weaving. 384 48.—Diagonal cloth 384 49. —Navajo blanket of the finest quality 385 50. —Navajo blankets 386 51. —Navajo blanket 386 52. —Navajo blanket 387 53. —Navajo blanket 387 54. —Part of Navajo blanket 388 55. —Part of Navajo blanket 388 56. —Diagram showing formation of warp of sash 388 57. —Section of Navajo belt 389 53.—Wooden heaUl of the Zuuis 389 59. —Gix'l weaving (from an Aztec picture) 391 (373) NAVAJO WEAVERS. By Dr. Washington Matthews. § I. The art of weaving, as it exists among the Navajo Indians of New Mexico and Arizona, possesses points of great interest to the stu- dent of ethnography. It is of aboriginal origin ; and while European art has undoubtedly modifled it, the extent and nature of the foreign influence is easily traced. It is by no means certain, still there are many reasons for supposing, that the Navajos learned their craft from the Pueblo Indians, and that, too, since the advent of the Spaniards; yet the pupils, if such they be, far excel their masters to-day in the beauty and quality of their work. -
Interstellarum 25 Schließen Wir Den Ersten Jahrgang Der Neuen Interstellarum-Hefte Ab
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, Meade gegen Celestron, das ist das große Duell der beiden Teleskopgiganten aus Amerika. Wir sind stolz darauf, als erste deutschsprachige Zeitschrift einen fairen Zweikampf der weltgröß- ten Fernrohrhersteller anbieten zu können; un- getrübt von wirtschaftlichen oder redaktionellen Vorbehalten. Dazu haben wir die neuen aufre- genden GPS-Teleskope von Meade und Celes- tron in einem Produktvergleich gegenüberge- stellt. Im ersten Teil in diesem Heft erfahren Sie mehr über Mechanik und Elektronik der beiden Computerteleskope (Seite 60); die Ergebnisse der Praxis unter den Sternen lesen Sie dann in einem kommenden Heft. Mit interstellarum 25 schließen wir den ersten Jahrgang der neuen interstellarum-Hefte ab. Ein Plus von 30% bei den Abonnentenzahlen spricht für unseren Weg, den wir konsequent fortsetzen Polarlichter in Deutschland (Foto: Thomas Jäger) werden. Dabei möchten wir verstärkt das Augen- merk auf hochqualitative Beiträge für praktisch tätige Amateurastronomen lenken. werden wir uns zusätzlich der Jupiterbeobach- tung und dem Merkurdurchgang vom 7.5.2003 2003 wird bei interstellarum zum Jahr der widmen. Schließlich stehen 2003 mit zwei Planetenbeobachtung ernannt. Auftakt ist der Mondfinsternissen und einer partiellen Sonnen- Beitrag zur Beobachtung der Saturnringe in die- finsternis drei weitere Großereignisse auf dem ser Ausgabe (Seite 34). Mit dem nächsten Heft Programm. beginnen wir zusätzlich eine intensive Vorberei- tung auf die große Mars-Opposition in diesem Was wir noch 2003 geplant haben, ist auf Sommer mit Beiträgen zu verschiedenen prakti- www.interstellarum.de nachzulesen. Ihren eige- schen Themenkreisen in jedem Heft. Verstärkt nen Bericht nehmen wir gerne entgegen. Mit interstellarum 25 endet die Comic-Serie Astromax (Seite 80), die Schöpfer Rainer Töpler aus Zeitgründen aufgeben muss – vielen Dank für die sechs kurzweiligen Geschichtchen. -
Library Author List 12:2020
SDCWG LIBRARY INVENTORY December 2020 SORTED BY AUTHOR Shelf Author Title Subject Location Abel, Isabel Multiple Harness Patterns Weaving Instruction Adelson, Laurie Weaving Tradition of Highland Bolivia Ethnic Textiles Adrosko, Rita Natural Dyes and Home Dyeing Dyeing Adrosko, Rita Natural Dyes in the United States Dyeing Ahnlund, Gunnila Vava Bilder (Swedish Tapestry) Ethnic Textiles Albers, Anni On Designing Design Albers, Anni On Weaving General Weaving Albers, Josef Interaction of Color Design Alderman, Sharon D. Handwoven, Tailormade Clothing Alderman, Sharon D. Handweaver's Notebook General Weaving Alderman, Sharon D. Mastering Weave Structures Weaving Patterns Alexander, Marthann Weaving Handcraft General Weaving Allard, Mary Rug Making Techniques and Design Rug Weaving Allen, Helen Louise American & European Hand Weaving General Weaving American Craft Museum Diane Itter: A retrospective Catalog American Tapestry American Tapestry Biennial I Tapestry Alliance American Tapestry American Tapestry Today Tapestry Alliance American Tapestry Panorama of Tapestry, Catalog Tapestry Alliance American-Scandinavian The Scandinavian Touch Ethnic Textiles Foundation Amos, Alden 101 Questions for Spinners Spinning 1 SDCWG LIBRARY INVENTORY December 2020 SORTED BY AUTHOR Shelf Author Title Subject Location Amsden, Charles A. Navaho Weaving Navajo Weaving Anderson, Clarita Weave Structures Used In North Am. Coverlets Weave Structures Anderson, Marilyn Guatemalan Textiles Today Ethnic Textiles Anderson, Sarah The Spinner’s Book of Yarn Designs -
FALL 06 ISSUE 11-9.Indd
People, Travel, Entertainment, Environment & Real Estate in the Southwest & Rockies Fall 2006 HOLIDAY GIFT-GIVING IDEAS INSIDE! JERRY ANDERSON: Silver Reef’s Renown Sculptor DAI: Building a Legacy of Fine Communities Majestic Lodge at Zion National Park Photo by Mark Breinholt Grapevine Radio for Women Colorland Photography Welcome to the Enchanting West Crisp mornings and bright sunny days Along the Wasatch Front, Development Associates Inc. is known for From the Publisher with trees beginning to drop their leaves. its legendary communities which are developed along the hill, dale, It’s harvest time. and mountainside areas of northern Utah. The partners have perfected PATTI M. EDDINGTON This issue is presents a bounteous these communities for the discerning buyer looking for real estate in offering of great reading and beautiful prime areas, with a diverse selection designed for young famillies or pictorials representing a fine collection of stories–and some fine writers empty-nesters. DAI knows that incorporating greenbelts, shade, ponds and photographers added to the harvest mix. and plenty of space into the natural environment will ensure their I have known of Jerry Anderson’s work since I studied fine art at the communities will thrive for generations to come. university and have always been a fan of bronze sculptures–masterful Denny’s Wigwam has been an icon on the tourists must-see list for renditions of humans and wildlife, all in fine form. decades. Located in Kanab on scenic byway US Hwy 89, buses by the A visit to Anderson’s gallery and studio at Silver Reef in Leeds, Utah, multitude stop daily, all year round. -
00E the Construction of the Universe Symphony
The basic construction of the Universe Symphony. There are 30 asterisms (Suites) in the Universe Symphony. I divided the asterisms into 15 groups. The asterisms in the same group, lay close to each other. Asterisms!! in Constellation!Stars!Objects nearby 01 The W!!!Cassiopeia!!Segin !!!!!!!Ruchbah !!!!!!!Marj !!!!!!!Schedar !!!!!!!Caph !!!!!!!!!Sailboat Cluster !!!!!!!!!Gamma Cassiopeia Nebula !!!!!!!!!NGC 129 !!!!!!!!!M 103 !!!!!!!!!NGC 637 !!!!!!!!!NGC 654 !!!!!!!!!NGC 659 !!!!!!!!!PacMan Nebula !!!!!!!!!Owl Cluster !!!!!!!!!NGC 663 Asterisms!! in Constellation!Stars!!Objects nearby 02 Northern Fly!!Aries!!!41 Arietis !!!!!!!39 Arietis!!! !!!!!!!35 Arietis !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1056 02 Whale’s Head!!Cetus!! ! Menkar !!!!!!!Lambda Ceti! !!!!!!!Mu Ceti !!!!!!!Xi2 Ceti !!!!!!!Kaffalijidhma !!!!!!!!!!IC 302 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 990 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1024 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1026 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1070 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1085 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1107 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1137 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1143 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1144 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1153 Asterisms!! in Constellation Stars!!Objects nearby 03 Hyades!!!Taurus! Aldebaran !!!!!! Theta 2 Tauri !!!!!! Gamma Tauri !!!!!! Delta 1 Tauri !!!!!! Epsilon Tauri !!!!!!!!!Struve’s Lost Nebula !!!!!!!!!Hind’s Variable Nebula !!!!!!!!!IC 374 03 Kids!!!Auriga! Almaaz !!!!!! Hoedus II !!!!!! Hoedus I !!!!!!!!!The Kite Cluster !!!!!!!!!IC 397 03 Pleiades!! ! Taurus! Pleione (Seven Sisters)!! ! ! Atlas !!!!!! Alcyone !!!!!! Merope !!!!!! Electra !!!!!! Celaeno !!!!!! Taygeta !!!!!! Asterope !!!!!! Maia !!!!!!!!!Maia Nebula !!!!!!!!!Merope Nebula !!!!!!!!!Merope -
The Fifth Level of Learning: the Vedic Gods
The Wes Penre Papers || The Fifth Level of Learning The Vedic Texts The Wes Penre Papers: The Vedic Texts The Fifth Level of Learning Part 2 by Wes Penre The Wes Penre Papers || The Fifth Level of Learning The Vedic Texts Copyright © 2014-2015 Wes Penre All rights reserved. This is an electronic paper free of charge, which can be downloaded, quoted from, and copied to be shared with other people, as long as nothing in this paper is altered or quoted out of context. Not for commercial use. Editing provided by Bob Stannard: www.twilocity.com 1st Edition, February 27, 2015 Wes Penre Productions Oregon, USA The Wes Penre Papers || The Fifth Level of Learning The Vedic Texts Table of Contents PAPER 10: THE NAKSHATRAS—THE GOD AND THEIR STAR SYSTEMS ...... 6 I. The Nakshatras or Lunar Mansions ...................................................................... 6 II. Star Systems and Constellations in Domain of the Orion Empire ...................... 9 ii.i. The Orion Empire in the Vedas ....................................................................... 17 III. Domains Conquered by the AIF with Marduk in Charge ................................ 20 IV. Star Systems and Constellations under En.ki’s Control .................................. 40 V. Asterism Ruled by Queen Ereškigal ................................................................. 61 PAPER 11: DISCUSSING STAR SYSTEMS NOT MENTIONED IN THE NAKSHATRAS ........................................................................................................... 65 I. Introduction -
Navajo Weaving: Its Historic and Contemporary Perspectives
Navajo Weaving: Its Historic and Contemporary Perspectives Presented by Jerry Kerr March, 2006 Photo by Edward S. Curtis “For many generations weaving has been an integral part of the fabric of Navajo life. Monetary rewards are only a small part of the Navajo woman’s desire to weave. Weaving is a unifying force, an expression of personal pride and cultural identity, a spiritual experience, a tradition.” - Alice Kaufman and Christopher Selser Navajo Weaving Tradition: 1650 to the Present INTRODUCTION The Pueblo Culture of the American Southwest had been in the region for centuries, and the people had been weaving cotton for 500 years by the time the Navajo arrived in the area in the 1300s. While the pueblos focused on peaceful co-existence and domesticity, the Navajo, subsistence farmers themselves, raided other tribes and villages for their sustenance and wealth. This was the tenuous balance of power that the Spanish encountered when they first arrived in the region – a peaceful pueblo culture that was the dominant social influence in the area somewhat defenseless against the incursions of the raiding Navajo. Through the taking of pueblo slaves, the Navajo had been able to learn first-hand the intricacies of weaving spun cotton thread into fabric. The Navajos quickly adapted the pueblo loom to suit their own seasonally migratory lifestyle, and they have retained those adaptations to this day. They also designated weaving as women’s work, while it had been the responsibility of the men in the pueblos. By the time of the Spanish arrival in 1540 the Navajo weavers had already begun to surpass the pueblos in technical proficiency and design creativity. -
2006 MNA Navajo Textile Report
THE NAVAJO TEXTILE COLLECTION AT THE MUSEUM OF NORTHERN ARIZONA BY LAURIE D. WEBSTER, PH.D. JANUARY 2006 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 The Navajo Textile Collection at the Museum of Northern Arizona 4 Classic Period Textiles (to ca. 1870) 4 Late Classic Period Textiles (ca. 1868-1880) 4 Transition Period Blankets and Rugs (ca. 1880-1890) 5 Specialized Styles of the Nineteenth Century 7 Chief-style Blankets and Rugs 7 Women's Wearing Blankets 8 Women's Two-Piece Dresses 8 Rio Grande Influence ("Slave Blankets") 9 Moqui Pattern Blankets and Rugs 10 Wedge Weave Blankets 11 Germantown Blankets and Rugs 11 Overview of Textiles from the Early Rug Period (ca. 1890-1920) 12 Overview of Textiles from the Early Modern Period (ca. 1920-1940) 13 Overview of Textiles from the Modern Period (ca. 1940-present) 14 Regional Styles 14 Hubbell Revival Weavings 14 Ganado/Klagetoh Rugs 15 Early Crystal Rugs 16 Two Grey Hills Rugs 16 Teec Nos Pos Rugs 16 Red Mesa Outline Rugs 17 Early and Modern Chinle Rugs 17 Modern Crystal Rugs 18 Wide Ruins/Pine Springs Rugs 19 Burntwater Rugs 19 Nazlini Rugs 20 Sawmill Rugs 20 Other Specialized Styles and Miscellaneous Weavings 20 Storm Pattern Rugs 20 Modern Revival Rugs 21 Rugs with Compound Designs 21 Yei and Yeibichai Weavings 21 Sandpainting Rugs and Tapestries 22 Pictorial Weavings 23 Raised Outline Rugs 24 Tufted Rugs 24 Twill-woven Rugs and Saddle Blankets 25 Two-Faced Rugs and Saddle Blankets 26 Tailored and Non-Tailored Garments 26 Belts and Garters 26 Miscellaneous Textiles 27 Important Sub-Collections of Navajo Textiles at MNA 28 2 Summary and Recommendations 33 References Cited 36 Appendix I: List of Navajo Textiles at the Museum of Northern Arizona 37 Appendix II: Navajo Textiles in Good or Excellent Condition for Rotating Exhibit 61 3 INTRODUCTION The Museum of Northern Arizona is home to one of the largest and most important collections of Navajo textiles in the world. -
Navajo Sandpainting Textiles
Navajo Sandpainting Textiles Jan . 21 - Feb. 28, 1996 Johnson County CommunityCollege • Galleryof Art Navajo SandpaintingTextiles Sandpainting weavings, however, are not, nor have they been , a part of The Navajo term for sandpainting is Navajo ceremonies. Although sandpaint 'iikiiiih, "place where the gods come and ing textiles are reproductions from the go." Since sandpaintings are employed Navajo ceremonial Chantways (also in ceremonies designed to summon commonly referred to as Chants or supernatural forces, it is impo1tant for Sings), they are not intended to be used the viewer to approach the subject with for sacred purposes. Although fewer the understanding that sandpaintings Chantways are performed today , they represent graphic and sacred renderings can be divided into seven major groups , of the Navajo's religious world. and each of these consists of one or Traditionally, sandpainting is done more subgroups. These subgroups con only as part of a curing, purification or tain from four to 96 sandpaintings, thus blessing ritual. When people are in good making specific identification difficult. health, they are in harmony with their One area of investigation is the whole environment. When they become identification of the accuracy of the Tbe Skies, from the Shooting Chant, woven by ill or "out of harmony, " they may be ceremonial design from specific Mrs. Many Goats, c. 1930, wool , 82" x 77W', treated with one of 60 ceremonies. Chantways reproduced in a woven collection Mr. and Mrs. A. ]. Gates, Scottsdale. Sandpaintings thus serve as an integral sandpainting, that is, the weaver's of these early rugs is unknown. Two part of elaborate Navajo healing or source for the sandpainting textile. -
Guatemalan Backstrap Weaving the Mayan Civilization, Which Reached Its Peak Around Ad 300 to 900, Was Centered in the Central American Country of Guatemala
Weaving LEVELED BOOK • U Around the World A Reading A–Z Level U Leveled Book Word Count: 2,022 Weaving Around the World Written by Kira Freed Visit www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. Photo Credits: Front cover: © Christine Osborne/Corbis: back cover: © Kenneth Garrett/ National Geographic Stock; title page: © Travelscape Images/Alamy; page 3, 4, 15 (handbag), 21 (background),24 (right, bottom): Jupiterimages, Corporation, Inc.; page 5: © Ted Spiegel/Corbis; page 6: © Bettmann/Corbis; page 7: © Todd Gipstein/National Geographic Stock; page 8: © Julia Malakie/AP Images; page 10: Weaving © Michael S. Lewis/Corbis; page 11: © Catherine Karnow/Corbis; page 12: © Sergio Pitamitz/Corbis; page 13: © Sergio Pitamitz/Corbis; page 14: © Peter Scholey/Alamy; page 15 (main): © Dave Bartruff/Corbis; Page 16: © Michele Burgess/Alamy; page 17: © Nicholas Pitt/Digital Vision/Getty Images; page 18: © Margaret Courtney- Clarke/Corbis; page 19 (main): © Ariadne Van Zandbergen/Alamy; page 19 (inset): © Robert Estall photo agency/Alamy; page 20 (both): © Werner Forman/Corbis; Around the World page 22: © David Shen/epa/Corbis; page 24 (jeans): © Greg Kuchik/Photodisc/ Getty Image Front cover: Geometric shapes and stripes are just some of the patterns made using weaving. This is a Bedouin weaving. Back cover: Mayan teenagers attend Day of the Dead celebrations in traditional woven clothing. Title page: A Peruvian woman weaves using a foot loom. Weaving Around the World Level U Leveled Book Correlation © Learning A–Z LEVEL U Written by Kira Freed Written by Kira Freed Fountas & Pinnell Q All rights reserved. Reading Recovery 40 DRA 40 www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com Introduction The art and craft of weaving are responsible for an amazing variety of objects in our world .