Forced Migration and Refugee Studies Report of Activities 2006-2007 The American University in Cairo he American University in Cairo, founded nearly a century ago, is the region’s premier university — an essential contributor to the social, political and cultural life of the Arab world. It serves as a crossroads for the world’s cultures: a vibrant forum for reasoned argument, spirited debate and global understanding between the Middle East Tand the West. It is a vital bridge between cultures, linking Egypt and the region to the world through scholarly research, study-abroad programs and partnerships with academic and research institutions.

AUC is an independent, nonprofit, apolitical, non-sectarian and equal-opportunity institution. An English language university, it is accredited in the United States by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. In addition, AUC has reached top levels in international education through higher levels of accreditation of its separate programs, including business, computer science and engineering.

Through its unique career advising and placement services, AUC ensures its graduates have the opportunity to secure jobs in Egypt and abroad. With small classes, career training and a broad array of extracurricular activities, students acquire the practical skills they need to succeed in the real world. Located in Tahrir Square, the university boasts one of the largest English language libraries in Egypt, well-equipped laboratories and a technologically advanced learning environment. In 2008, AUC will move to a new 260- acre state-of-the-art campus in New Cairo, designed to the highest international standards.

Working to attract top performing students throughout Egypt and the rest of the world, AUC offers more than $20 million in financial aid and scholarships each year. Its diverse student body hails from more than 100 countries.

Currently, the Forced Migration and Refugee Studies (FMRS) program is situated on the fifth floor of the Falaki Building, one of the several buildings owned by the university in downtown Cairo. The Forced Migration and Refugee Studies Program orced Migration and Refugee Studies (FMRS) is a program of education, research and outreach that seeks to improve the understanding, policies and practices of those who are concerned or work directly with refugees and other forced migrants. While maintaining a global and comparative perspective, FMRS focuses on the particular Fissues and circumstances of displacement in Africa and the Middle East from multiple viewpoints, including those of host societies, policy makers, states, humanitarian organizations, and in particular, of the forced migrants themselves.

Under the leadership of its new director, Philippe Fargues, FMRS is in the process of widening the scope of its research activities by developing from a local program on refugees studies into a regional center on migration and refugee studies. In terms of education, FMRS is working to offer along with its specialized diploma in refugee studies, an MA in migration and refugee studies. The degree will be the only one in the world that specializes in migration in the region of the Middle East and North Africa.

The following pages summarize recent developments and activities undertaken by FMRS during the 2006 - 2007 academic year. Contents 6 Message from the President 7 Message from the Provost 8 Message from the Director 10 Program Developments 2006-2007 Faculty Staff Funding The Library

15 Diploma Program FMRS Diploma Courses Developing the Diploma into a Master’s Program FMRS Fellows FMRS Graduates 2006-2007 Alumni News 21

OngoingResearch Research Projects Future Research Projects FMRS Publications FMRS Visiting Research Fellows and Scholars 27

SpecialOutreach Educational Programs Wednesday Seminar Series Conferences and Workshops Student-run Organizations and Community Outreach Activities

43 Networking and Collaboration Local Networks Regional and International Networks

46 Faculty, Staff and Affiliates Faculty, Staff, and Affiliates Activities Publications by FMRS Faculty and Affiliates FMRS Faculty and Staff FMRS Affiliated Faculty and Researchers Message From the President he continuing crisis in many parts of the world and the associated uprooting of people from their natural habitat highlights the local, regional and global importance of migration and refugee issues. The strategic position of Egypt at the crossroadsT of three continents makes AUC uniquely situated to continue to engage with the pressing issues associated with the movements of people, particularly in the region of the Middle East and North Africa.

Since its inception, the FMRS program has boasted a unique interdisciplinary approach that combines dynamic teaching, incisive research and innovative community outreach. Its core commitment to this research and providing professionally oriented graduate education continues to develop a promising new generation of scholars, advocates and activists that understand the complexities of forced migration and are equipped to tackle its associated critical issues in their future careers.

Just as AUC finds itself at a crossroads, leaving its historic premises in downtown Cairo and moving to a new campus home, the FMRS program currently finds itself in a time of transition, reflecting upon its past successes and looking forward to its future endeavors. Under the leadership of its new director Philipe Fargues, it envisages itself as a regional center on migration and refugee studies with a strong network of scholars in each of their respective countries. Moreover, FMRS’ planned master’s degree in migration and refugee studies will be the first degree in the world that combines both fields with a focus on, and a presence in, the Middle East. These developments look set to grant the program an even more authoritative voice to speak on the complex matters associated with migration and refugees.

The caliber and significance of FMRS’ work continue to contribute to the rich legacy of AUC and to fulfill its dual mission of educational excellence and public service. We are proud to be the institutional home for this dynamic and important program, and are excited to see how the program further develops as these carefully laid plans come to fruition.

David Arnold

6 Message from the Provost or many years faculty and staff at the American University in Cairo have worked hard to create and develop the Forced Migration and Refugee Studies (FMRS) program. FWe want to expand and develop this program in the future. Under the leadership of its new Director Philippe Fargues, we hope that FMRS will expand from a local program on refugee studies into a regional center on migration and refugee studies and eventually serving as a leader in the region on matters related to migration and refugee issues. FMRS is currently applying for the necessary funds to reach this goal.

Studies of migration and refugee issues have become very prominent on the global agenda and given this reality it is essential to support the growth and capacity of FMRS.

We are proud of FMRS achievements and look forward to much success in the years to come.

Tim Sullivan

7 Message from the Director hen I arrived at FMRS in February 2007, the program was not unfamiliar to me. As anyone researching migration and refugee issues in the Middle East, I pay close attention to the quality work produced by a unique program Westablished in a region which is by far the main producer and receiver of refugees, with 6.5 million persons of concern to UNWRA and UNHCR, representing 42 percent of the world’s total refugees. For the last 12 months, the program was run under the dynamic leadership of its acting director, Ray Jureidini, and very much marked by the full dedication of Barbara Harrell-Bond.

Education is an evident success of the program. In six years, the graduate diploma had attracted almost 100 students, from Egypt (one-third) as well as from the United Sates and other countries around the world (two-thirds). Alumni have occupied several positions of responsibility in a variety of organizations, be it local or global, working for and with forced migrants or more generally in the fields of development and humanitarian aid. Outreach is another remarkable aspect of the program. FMRS not only provides short courses and weekly seminars that open the university gates to a broad audience of intellectuals and professionals in Cairo, but a number of FMRS student-run organizations are very active in the provision of assistance to local refugee communities, helping them to better handle their situation in Egypt through education and income-generating activities. The program’s third building block, research, is also well on track with a number of reports and papers published on the FMRS Web site.

Since the creation of FMRS in 2000, the issue of cross-border mobility and diasporas has gained tremendous momentum on the global agenda, reaching new heights in 2006 with the High Level Dialogue on Migration and Development held under the United Nations General Assembly. In the Middle East and Northeastern Africa, recent political and economic developments have intensified and complicated migration and refugee movements, including the new waves of refugees triggered by crises in Iraq, Darfur, Somalia and Eritrea, to the amplification of labor migration from, through and to countries of the region. Not only do the Middle East and Northeastern Africa come first in the world based on the number of refugees, but it ranks third according to the number of international migrants exiting and entering the region. As a result, there is a growing demand for knowledge, globally and locally, which FMRS is in a unique position to meet. 8 In order to take up the challenge, FMRS faculty prepared two major initiatives during the spring of 2007. The first project consists of upgrading the graduate diploma in FMRS into a Master of Arts degree in migration and refugee studies. If this master’s were to be created, AUC would become the only university in the world offering one specializing in migration and refugees in the Middle East, broadening the scope of FMRS to include migration that is multifaceted, and enabling continuity for students at a higher educational level. The second initiative is expanding the FMRS program into a Middle Eastern and African center for migration and refugee studies that would be driven by research. Gathering the Middle Eastern and African migration and refugee studies community into a structured network, defining research objectives and methodologies to be shared within the network, then building comparative knowledge on migration and refugees across the region is the program’s goal for the coming years.

Philippe Fargues

9 Program Developments 2006-2007

Faculty his academic year witnessed many positive developments. In February 2007, FMRS welcomed its new director, Philippe Fargues. Fargues was the founding director of the Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. He is also the co-director Tof the Florence School on Euro-Mediterranean Migration and Development since February 2004. Moreover, he served as a senior researcher and head of the International Migration and Minorities unit at the French National Institute for Demographic Studies in Paris, a visiting professor at Harvard, and the director of the Centre for Studies and Economic, Legal and Social Documentation in Cairo. His research interests include migration, population and politics in Muslim countries, family building, and demographic methodologies and their Philippe Fargues, FMRS director, attending World Refugee Day, June 2007 application in the Middle East and North Africa. He has numerous publications and has lectured in various universities in Europe and the Middle East. Fargues has an ambitious new vision for FMRS, especially in terms of research and education (Detailed information under Research). FMRS welcomes Philippe Fargues and looks forward to his ambitious plans.

Ray Jureidini continues his dynamic involvement with FMRS in his new capacity as FMRS associate director. Jureidini has been with FMRS since Fall 2005, teaching two of the diploma core courses. He was the acting director of FMRS from June 2006 to February 2007 and is the principle investigator in the program’s collaborative research with Sussex University on female migrant domestic workers (See under research).

This year, FMRS was fortunate to welcome Susan M. Akram as a distinguished visiting professor with both the FMRS program and law department. Akram is affiliated with Boston University’s Law School where she teaches courses in immigration law, comparative refugee law and international human rights law. In addition, she supervises students handling refugee cases in Boston University’s civil litigation program. Her contributions to 10 the AUC community varied throughout the year, and included academic and outreach activities such as the instruction of the FMRS core course, International Refugee Law.

FMRS also welcomed Micheal Kagan, who taught the diploma elective course MEST 430 Palestinian Refugee Issues in Spring 2007, and will be teaching the core course International Refugee Law as of Fall 2007. Kagan, a Juris Doctor, is an American lawyer who has worked since 1998 to develop refugee legal aid programs throughout the Middle East. He is the founder of the Web site RSDWatch.org, which promotes fairness in the UN’s refugee status determination procedures. He is the author of FMRS working paper Assessment of Refugee Status Determination Procedure at UNHCR’s Office 2001-2002, as well as a variety of articles on refugee-related topics, including UNHCR policies, legal aid, United Nations reform, Palestinian property rights in Israel and the role of international law in shaping the Arab-Israeli conflict.

Staff Maysa Ayoub, who has been with the program since November 2004 in the capacity of assistant to the director, was promoted to the new position of FMRS projects manager. The new position better reflects the work undertaken by Ayoub, as she is entirely responsible for the coordination of FMRS activities, including its semi-annual short courses and weekly seminars. Moreover, she provides academic advising to students and works to secure funding to support the program’s developing research agenda.

During this year, two new research assistants were hired to contribute to the department’s continuing research projects. Assmaa Naguib is the new research assistant to Barbara Harrell-Bond for the FMRS collaborative research project on migration, globalization and poverty with the Development Research Centre of Sussex University (For detailed information on the project, see under Research). Naguib has a BA in political science from AUC and an MA in history from the University of Nottingham. Reem Mohamed also joined FMRS as a research assistant to Ray Jureidini on the new research on migrant domestic workers, which is also part of our aforementioned collaborative project with Sussex University. Mohamed holds a BA in sociology from AUC, an MPhil in development studies from the University of Cambridge, and is currently undertaking an MA in international human rights law at AUC.

On a less cheerful note, FMRS witnessed the departure of its program secretary this year. Mai Emad left the program after three years of dedicated service to take on a public relations specialist position with the Egyptian Ministry of Communications and 11 Information Technology. Eman Samir ably stepped into the vacant position in January 2007. Samir has a BA in accounting from Ain Shams University.

Funding With the arrival of the new director in February, ambitious fundraising plans have been set in motion to meet the changing demands of the program. FMRS is currently applying for the necessary funding for the expansion of its activities, especially to enable its transition from a local program focused on forced migration and refugee issues to an established regional center more broadly focused upon migration and refugee studies in the Middle East and Africa (See under Research).

In addition, FMRS is also seeking funding to generate knowledge on Iraqi refugees and migrants. FMRS envisages carrying out the first scientific study of this population displaced as a consequence of war and the spread of insecurity. An estimated 4 million Iraqis have already been displaced internally and externally, out of which 2 million or more have sought refuge in nearby countries and in other parts of the world. FMRS has already approached potential sponsors and hopes funding will soon be secured to allow this important work to begin (see Research for more information).

Meanwhile, FMRS is still supported through the generous grant from the Ford Foundation, which covers the program’s administrative expenses. Moreover, the project on migration, globalization and poverty with the Development Research Centre is still continuing under the support of the University of Sussex.

The Library The FMRS Grey Files Collection maintains a special place in the AUC Library, representing a treasure trove of unique and hard-to-find publications related to the field. The program is especially grateful to Emily Eidenier, the former FMRS library specialist from April 2005 until August 2007, for her dedication to the collection and her efforts to see its contents catalogued. Fortunately, Mohamed Berray, an FMRS alumnus himself, took on the duty of overseeing the collection since the end of August 2007, replacing Eidenier who went back to her hometown in the United States. Additionally, FMRS would like to thank several other individuals inside and outside of the library for their contribution to the collection, including: Jayme Spencer (public services), Cheryl Rueby (cataloging), Shadia El Hanafi (cataloging), Christiane Sidawy (acquisitions), Wafaa Fahmy (acquisitions) and Mindy Nolt (FMRS graduate student). 12 New acquisitions In 2006-2007, the FMRS holdings at the AUC Library increased through book orders, donations and additions to the Grey Files Collection. The majority of the new donations were given by the Cairo Ford Foundation library, with other materials generously donated by Professor Barbara Harrell-Bond and the Refugee Studies Centre Library at Oxford University. The collection currently contains documents in Arabic, French, German, English and Italian, with publication dates ranging from 1948 to 2006 — the majority of which were published between 1999 and 2004.

Cataloging Emily Eidenier completed the cataloging of all existing Grey Files materials that were acquired by FMRS until her departure in August 2007. The total number of documents in the Grey Files Collection rests at slightly more than 1,500, and it is expected that the collection will significantly expand with the move to the new AUC campus in Fall 2008. It is the present aim of the new FMRS director and the current library specialist to further expand the Arabic collection of the Gray Files, especially concerning migration movements in the Middle East.

Special projects Emily Eidenier worked very closely with Mindy Nolt (FMRS student) to create a collection of useful research tools for whoever works as the FMRS library specialist. These research tools include listings of publishing houses, research centers, libraries and Grey File collections, working papers, Web sites and list servers focused on the field of refugee studies. This collection of tools is designed to help the new FMRS library specialist adequately respond to research and reference questions posed by researchers and graduate students visiting the FMRS collections. Given the keen anxiety of the FMRS to create close ties with “Arab-serving” organizations working with refugees in the region, it is anticipated that the creation of this comprehensive list will put FMRS in a position to help them with their activities and lead to further collaboration.

Student and faculty support During the year, Emily Eidenier met with FMRS students in their first day of classes to explain the Grey Files Collection and to give a general introduction to using the AUC library for their research. Moreover, she met with students, faculty and researchers throughout the year and helped them use the collection, online databases and the library catalogue to research their topics.

13 Recording collection use It was the initiative of the library specialist to create a user log to chart the use of the Grey Files Collection. There was a total of 35 recorded users in the first period of data collection from September to December, 2006. Of these, 12 were outside of the FMRS program (two professors, six graduate students from other programs and four undergraduate students). The files that were most popular in use during the first three months of data collection were those concerned with Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon and Burma.

Relationship with the main library The FMRS library specialist helps to contribute to library by serving an hour each day at the main library reference desk and actively e-mails information regarding research in refugee studies to the reference team and library blog.

Outreach Duplicate materials from the FMRS collection were donated to the library of Africa and Middle East Refugee Assistance (AMERA) in Garden City, Cairo, during the summer of 2006. Other duplicate magazines were contributed to the refugee English and Arabic classes operated by Student Action for Refugees (STAR) at AUC.

14 Diploma Program The FMRS graduate diploma has proven to be one of the most attractive graduate programs for international students at AUC and is increasingly attracting more Egyptian students. The geographic diversity of FMRS students has always been a strong point of the program, bringing individuals together from Africa, Western Europe and North America, with more recent interest shown by students from Asia and Eastern Europe, including individuals from India, Pakistan, Turkey, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Azerbaijan. On average, 25 students are enrolled in the program, consisting of around two-thirds international students and one-third Egyptian students. This academic year we received 24 new students, 14 in the fall semester and 10 in the spring.

FMRS Diploma Courses The graduate diploma currently requires the completion of six courses, including a core of four courses and two electives. The core courses cover a range of topics including political, sociological and anthropological analyses of forced migration; methods of research; and critiques of humanitarianism and the treatment of refugees, particularly in the Middle East and Africa. The additional core courses address international refugee law and psychosocial issues in forced migration, providing critical insight into often overlooked facets of refugee affairs. The diverse range of interdisciplinary electives supplement the core and create a program that caters to the individual interests and concerns of the students, with some additional classes addressing human rights law, the United Nations, ethnicity, identity and nationalism.

Two of the core courses of the diploma were taught this year by Ray Jureidini, associate director of FMRS and associate professor of sociology. He taught Introduction to Forced Migration and Refugee Studies in Fall 2006 and Issues in Forced Migration and Refugee Studies in Spring 2007. Elizabeth Coker, assistant professor of psychology, taught the core course Psychosocial Issues of Refugees during the spring semester, and Susan M. Akram, FMRS distinguished visiting professor from Boston University, taught International Refugee Law during both the fall and spring semesters.

Several interesting elective courses were offered during the year. FMRS offered an elective titled Going Home? Is Repatriation the Best Solution for Refugees? taught by Barbara Harrell-Bond during Spring 2007. Our joint elective course with the Middle East Studies Program, Palestinian Refugee Issues, was taught by Michael Kagan, also during spring 2007. This course is very popular and was previously instructed by the former 15 director of FMRS, Fateh Azzam. Moreover, a new course was offered jointly with the English and comparative literature department in Spring 2007, titled Literature and Human Rights, in which several FMRS students participated. Finally, FMRS will offer a new course in Fall 2007 that will be instructed by its new director, Philippe

Fargues. The course will be offered in Michael Kagan, FMRS adjunct professor, lecturing at AUC conjunction with the sociology and anthropology department, Middle East studies and the political science department. The course will present a systematic review of the different migratory trends in the region of the Middle East and North Africa over the last several decades.

Developing the Diploma into a Master’s Program While the FMRS diploma has been a successful means of educating students and practitioners about the intricacies of migration in the region, it has been a long-time aspiration to expand the diploma into a full-fledged master’s degree.

Students have heretofore been able to pursue a number of options to complete an MA, either through the cooperation of other departments within AUC or other academic institutions. At AUC, the FMRS diploma can be pursued in conjunction with an MA in international human rights law, professional development, sociology/anthropology or Middle East studies, as many FMRS courses are cross-listed with these programs. Linking the FMRS graduate diploma to an MA program at AUC has proven to be a very popular strategy for many of our students. Alternately, students have been able to apply their diploma credits toward the MA in refugee studies offered at the University of East London since February 2006. The additional requirements include the completion of a 12-week research module and writing a dissertation.

While these options remain in place, the program’s plans to offer its own degree are nearing fruition. The result would be the new master’s program in migration and refugee studies, the mission of which would be to provide a high quality and unique graduate education in migration and refugee studies with a focus on the Middle East and North Africa. Its primary aim is to provide graduates with critical knowledge and analytical skills of current theoretical, legal, political, economic, social, demographic and psychological issues in migration and refugee studies. Excitingly, it will be the only program in the world that combines both 16 migration and refugee studies with a focus on, and a presence in, the Middle East.

The proposed structure of the MA is designed for flexibility in order to allow students from various undergraduate backgrounds to obtain an area of specialization that will provide them with marketable skills in fields concerned with migration and refugees. The degree would emphasize the multifaceted nature of migration (emigration, immigration, transit migration, labor migration, return migration, replacement migration, regular and undocumented migration, family reunion, remittances, brain drain, etc.), effectively broadening the current scope of the FMRS diploma.

Courses would be largely drawn from the existing AUC catalog, which will make the implementation of the program a quick process; out of 28 planned courses to be offered for the MA program, 25 already exist. The three new courses would seek to address refugees issues (the current focus of FMRS) within the broader notion of migration. These will include International Migration and Development, Legal and Administrative Questions on Migration, and Migration and Refugees in International Relations. As with other MA programs, all students will be required to complete a thesis according to university regulations.

FMRS Fellows 2006-2007

Nida Ghouse Ghouse was awarded the Writing Center Fellowship from February to June 2007 upon entry during spring 2007. She has a BA in English, as well as peace and justice studies from Tufts University, from which she graduated in 2005. She is currently pursuing the diploma on a full-time basis, and is expected to graduate in Fall 2007.

Jutta Gravesen Gravesen was awarded a partial FMRS Graduate Merit Fellowship for the 2006-2007 academic year. She graduated from Portland State University with a BA in liberal studies in May 2005.

Catherine Njoroge Njoroge was awarded an African Graduate Fellowship from February 2007 to January 2008. She obtained her LLB, a bachelor of laws, from the University of Nairobi in May 2004. She is currently pursuing the diploma on a full-time basis, and is expected to graduate in Fall 2007.

17 FMRS Graduates – Fall 2006 and Spring 2007 The following is a group of students who fulfilled the requirements of the Graduate Diploma in Forced Migration and Refugee Studies and graduated in the 2006-2007 academic year. FMRS congratulates all of them and wishes them continued success with their future endeavors.

Miriam Aertker (Germany) Shannon Mcdonald (USA) Iveta Bartunkova (Czech Republic) Mindy Nolt (USA) Laura Breslin (USA) Jennifer Renquist (USA) Kate Burton (UK) Sarah Hany Sadek (Egypt) Talita Cetinoglu (Turkey) Dan Stoenescu (Romania) George Fahmy (Egypt) Rica Terbeck (Germany) Jamie Hoffman (USA) Knoul Zamanova (Azerbaijan) Christina Kielsmeier (USA)

George Fahmy completed an MA in international human rights law in addition to the diploma, and is now working with UNHCR, Cairo. Dan Stoenescu has been working as a diplomat in the Middle East and Africa Department of the Romanian Foreign Ministry on political issues and issues related to refugees and internally displaced persons. He is in the last year of a PhD program, and has also taught political science classes focused on the Middle East at Bucharest University. Iveta Bartunkova is pursuing an MSc in social policy design from the Graduate School of Governance at Maastricht University. Sarah Sadek and Miriam Aertker traveled to the University of East London to upgrade their diploma to an MA in refugee studies. Sarah is currently working within the FMRS department while completing her thesis, while Miriam has worked as a project manager for a development agency in the Kharaz Refugee Camp in Yemen.

Alumni News Many of our graduates have put their diplomas and experience gained in Cairo to work in a variety of ways around the world. The summaries below detail just a few of the unique undertakings that FMRS has enabled them to pursue:

Annie Dumont (2005) After graduating, Annie worked as research assistant for the UN Representative for Internally Displaced Persons in Washington, D.C., with the Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement. She subsequently returned to Egypt to intern at UNHCR in the 18 resettlement unit for six months. She was recently accepted as an international UN volunteer and received a position as a programme officer responsible for food assistance to Bhutanese refugees under the World Food Program in Nepal.

Hebah Hussein (2006) Hebah completed an MA in Middle Eastern studies in conjunction with her diploma, drafting a thesis titled “New Imaginings: Iran, Hizballah and the Dynamics of Articulation.”

Ashraf Ruxi (2004) Ashraf worked for Refugee Legal Aid, a private law office, and has since taken up a position with the United Nations Development Programme in Darfur.

Hilary Ingraham (2005) Hilary completed an MA in political science in conjunction with the FMRS diploma before taking positions with the Asylum and Refugee Office under the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, and subsequently the Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration at the U.S. Department of State.

James Pearce (2005) James completed the MA in international human rights law at AUC while also working as a legal adviser at AMERA. He subsequently was offered a position as a rule of law officer with the United Nations Development Programme in West Darfur, Sudan.

Jeanelle Sears (2006) Jeanelle took on a two-year Americorps VISTA assignment in Louisville, Kentucky, where she lives and works in a low-income housing complex with more than 1,000 immigrants and refugees, including many Somali Bantu. Her diploma has been of particular use in coordinating Americorps programs and services in her community.

Martin Rowe (2006) Martin coupled his FMRS diploma with an MA in sociology and anthropology before moving to Cyprus, where he currently volunteers with a local asylum advocacy NGO and an international development NGO.

Matthew Lewis (2006) Matthew completed his MSc in forced migration from Oxford University. Currently, he works as a project manager for a refugee legal aid clinic in Bulgaria.

19 Naaz Khan (2007) Naaz has continued her studies through Columbia University’s Teachers College in pursuit of a master’s in international educational development with a concentration in humanitarian issues. She supplements her studies by working with after-school refugee resettlement programs in New York City.

20 Research ince FMRS was created, migration and refugee issues have become high priorities on the global agenda and are still gaining momentum. For the first time in history, a High Level Dialogue on Migration and Development took place during the Annual General Assembly of the United Nations in New York in September 2006;S and from July 9 to 11, 2007, a Global Forum on Migration and Development took place in Brussels. The Middle East and Northeastern Africa are among the largest source, transit and destination regions for migrants and refugees in the world. In spite of its strategic position, however, the region suffers an acute deficit of accurate knowledge with regard to international migration. In order to fill this knowledge gap, a strong research, education and outreach center covering the Middle East and Africa is urgently needed.

Today, under the leadership of new director Philippe Fargues, FMRS is planning to expand into a Middle Eastern and African center for migration and refugee studies. This center will be built on the previous achievements of FMRS and driven by research. FMRS is uniquely positioned, geographically at the crossroads of Africa, the Middle East and the Mediterranean, to take the lead for such an initiative. Proximity to the sources and destinations of massive migration and refugee movements gives it a distinct vantage point to construct knowledge on these issues.

Gathering the Middle Eastern and African migration and refugee studies community into a network, defining research objectives and methodologies to be shared within the network, then linking this network to the wider migration and refugee studies community worldwide is the program’s goal for the coming years. It aims at systematically building comparative knowledge on migration and refugees across the region. Its research and studies will be directed toward the academic community, as well as a variety of non- academic stakeholders such as NGOs and civil associations, policy makers, international organizations and the media. The center will construct the first database containing systematic information on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of migration and refugee movements in the region. The database will include all the demographic, economic, legal, social and political information that can be gathered or constructed on migration and refugee movements in the region.

These plans are already taking shape. An exploratory meeting will be organized by FMRS from October 23 to 25, 2007 at AUC. It will bring together approximately 40 scholars representing different disciplines and covering all the countries in the region. They will deliver preliminary papers taking stock of the various dimensions of migration and 21 refugee movements in the region and present their own views on research priorities.

In addition to the formulation of the program’s ambitious plan to construct the first regional center on migration and refugee studies, FMRS also continued its ongoing research agenda and initiated new research ideas during the past year.

Ongoing Research Projects

DRC - Phase II The second and current phase of FMRS participation in the Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalization and Poverty (DRC), coordinated with the University of Sussex, started in April 2006. The FMRS program’s part of the research is coordinated by Barbara Harrell-Bond, assisted by Asmaa Naguib (See under Staff). The main aim of Phase II of the DRC-FMRS collaboration is to find ways of effective translation of research into improving policies on forced migrants and their well-being, and to inform policy-makers of the links between the rights of forced migrants and the potential for development (especially as it relates to rights of education, work, health and protection). The following is a brief synopsis of the activities undertaken so far in Phase II:

Winter short course: Refugees and Migrants: Rights-based Approach to Development (January 8-17, 2007) FMRS, in collaboration with the Sussex Centre for Migration Research (SCMR) at the University of Sussex, conducted a 10-day advanced course titled Refugees and Migrants, and a Rights-based Approach to Development during the period from January 8 to 17, 2007. The course was designed for practitioners from governmental, inter-governmental and non-governmental agencies; and donors and community representatives in the Middle East and Africa with institutional responsibilities in the field of refugees and migration. The participants explored the practical implications and challenges of applying the much-touted human rights approach to policy making in real situations. The course was both theoretical and practical, drawing on the wealth of lessons arising from trial and error to determine the best-possible development outcomes for hosts, refugees and migrants. Participants learned new skills and techniques to apply in their own context.

The course instructors came from a number of institutions and organizations, and included Joseph Schechla (Housing and Land Rights Network), Anthony Rutabanzibwa (International Labour Organization - Tanzania), Lana Baydas (OHCHR), Michael Kagan (AMERA - Egypt), Abrar Chowbury (The Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit - Bangladesh), and Barbara Harrell-Bond (FMRS/AUC). 22 Overall, the course proved to be very successful, and FMRS is planning to conduct the same course in Arabic for Arabic-speaking participants in January 2008. Current work is being undertaken to translate the course materials into Arabic to make this possible.

Research on the situation of migrant domestic workers in Cairo The research project titled A Social Profile and Analysis of Migrant Domestic Employees in Cairo, is undertaken by Ray Jureidini, FMRS associate director and associate professor of sociology. The project conducts a statistically significant study of migrant domestic workers (MDWs) that includes Filipina, Indonesian, Ethiopian, Eritrean, Nigerian and Sudanese in Cairo. The project takes a human rights approach, drawing upon the methodology of a similar study completed by Jureidini in Beirut that surveyed Sri Lankan, Filipina and Ethiopian female domestic workers. Thus far, more than 700 interviews have been conducted with female domestic workers. Moreover, a compilation of relevant labor laws, previous cases of crimes involving MDWs, and interviews with the different concerned institutions have been completed. Final results of the study should provide sufficient evidence to initiate the development of policies that address issues regarding human rights abuses and the living conditions of the various types of migrant domestic work.

Capacity building Enhancing the skills of young researchers and scholars in the region is an important component of DRC Phase II. This is accomplished through the following two schemes:

Research fellowships Two research fellowships per year are offered by FMRS to young academics or those interested in getting involved in forced migration research. During this academic year, the fellowships were given to the following two researchers:

Marie Genevieve Nightingale Nightingale conducted qualitative research on the situation of separated refugee children in Cairo. She conducted in-depth interviews with the children themselves, as well as with the organizations concerned with these children to identify the services and resources that are, or may become, available to this vulnerable group. The research was conducted under the supervision of Barbara Harrell-Bond and the findings of the research are expected to be available as of December 2007.

Ahmed Mustafa Mustafa undertook his research under the supervision of Dr. Hania Sholkamy. His work

23 focused on the reproductive health of domestic female workers. The fieldwork is currently finished, and FMRS is awaiting the written report.

Internship schemes FMRS is participating in the DRC internship scheme by having interns from both the global North and South spend between three and six months at FMRS working on issues relating to the DRC collaboration. During this academic year, Reeda Buhari interned with FMRS from October 2006 to January 2007. Reeda researched the particular situation of Sudanese female refugees in Egypt and produced a detailed report on her work. During her internship, she participated in two of the program’s core diploma courses, Introduction to Refugee Studies and International Refugee Law. She also attended AMERA’s weekly seminars on refugee law and served as an interpreter for Arabic-speaking refugees.

Future Research Projects FMRS is looking toward its future research agenda, and several research proposals have been submitted to various donors to secure the funding needed to initiate the projects listed below.

A survey of Iraqi refugees and migrants One of the aims of the planned center on migration and refugee studies is to respond to the challenges resulting from emerging migration-related situations across the Middle East and the Northeastern African by conducting systematic research programs with a view to delivering rapid and accurate results to impact the academic community, as well as policymakers, the media and other concerned stakeholders. There is a particular urgency to gather knowledge on Iraqi refugees and migrants. FMRS envisages carrying out a scientific study on Iraqi refugees and migrants who have left their country in recent years as a consequence of wars and the spread of insecurity.

Insecurity and war in Iraq have so far displaced an estimated 4 million people internally and externally, out of which 2 million or more have found refuge in nearby countries and in other parts of the world. The Iraqi refugee crisis has already become the largest ever in the Middle East — in absolute numbers three times the size of the Palestinian exodus from Israel in 1948 — and is now the fastest-growing one in the world.

FMRS is planning to use its current available funds to conduct the survey in Egypt in collaboration with the Information and Decision Support Centre of the Egyptian Cabinet of Ministers. In addition, FMRS has already approached potential sponsors for expanding the survey in a comparative way in other countries of the Middle East. 24 Remittances to conflict zones: Darfurians in Cairo FMRS is approaching potential donors for collaborative research with the Feinstein Center at Tufts University to study the flow of remittances to and from the Darfuri community in Cairo. The proposed study is part of a larger study of remittances to Sudan conducted by the Feinstein Center that focuses on the Darfuri diaspora and the conflict in Darfur.

Human trafficking During this academic year, a voluntary group of academics, students and practitioners engaged in a collaborative initiative to fill the current information gap on trafficking in Egypt with the aim of furthering policy discussion about the protection of human rights in Egypt. The initiative, entitled Trafficking Research and Action Collective (TRACE), was headed by Ray Jureidini, FMRS associate director, under the umbrella of FMRS. In the context of this initiative, a development officer was temporarily hired for further development of the programmatic aspect of FMRS/TRACE. On October 1, 2006, Iveta Bartunkova, an FMRS alumna, was hired to investigate the research gap in the area of trafficking. During her employment period, she developed three proposals to study three phenomenon in Egypt that are related to human trafficking. One proposal was on the situation of “summer marriages” in Egypt, a kind of marriage whereby young Egyptian girls from low-income families are married off to wealthy visiting Arab tourists in return for a bride-price and are often divorced at the end of the visit. The second was on migration through Egypt in the Mediterranean. The proposal is aiming to provide initial information about the experiences of those transiting through Egypt, their motivations and needs, and whether or not they are able to access their rights. The third project proposed to study the work experiences of refugees in Cairo. The study will provide some detail about the conditions and situations which refugees experience at work in Cairo.

FMRS Publications The Forced Migration and Refugee Studies Working Paper Series is a forum for sharing information and research on refugee and forced migration issues in Egypt, the Middle East and Africa at large. FMRS Working Papers and research reports are available in hard copies as well as in electronic version from the FMRS Web site.

This year, FMRS published the following research reports:

The Son of a Snake is a Snake: Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Mixed Eritrean- Ethiopian Families in Cairo This is the result of six-months of fieldwork conducted by Louis Thomas in Cairo on the 25 experiences of refugee generations of mixed Eritrean and Ethiopian marriages. The study illustrated the exclusion, isolation and vulnerability that these communities experience. The political tension between the two countries since 1993, as well as the current situation of neither peace nor war, had an impact on the lives of Eritrean and Ethiopians of mixed marriages. The findings of the study were presented by Thomas in one of the FMRS seminar series and was published as FMRS Working Paper no. 7.

Refugee Diet in a Context of Urban Displacement This report, published as FMRS Working Paper no. 8, was conducted by FMRS researcher Peroline Ainsworth, who investigated the changes in food consumption practices experienced after displacement and its implications on the physical and mental health of Sudanese refugees in Cairo. This is timely, as research on changing food consumption practices of refugees has been very limited despite the fact that a large number of refugees are self-settled in urban areas of the South with poor access to sources of income or services.

FMRS Visiting Research Fellows and Scholars During this academic year, FMRS hosted the following visiting research fellows who carried out independent research projects in Cairo through AUC’s School of Humanities and Social Sciences.

Natoschia Scruggs Natoschia Scruggs is a graduate student at the African Diaspora Studies Program, University of California, Berkeley. She was affiliated with FMRS during the field work for her PhD dissertation on the Somali diaspora.

Hala Mahmoud Hala Mahmoud is a PhD candidate at the University of Cambridge. Her research focuses on the use of culture as a resource by Sudanese refugees in Cairo. She has previous experience working with Sudanese refugees in Cairo as she was assisting Elizabeth Coker in a pilot study that aimed to design a community health program in El-Haganah slum in Cairo.

Omayma Al-Khaffaf Omayma Al-Khaffaf is currently a second year PhD researcher at the University of Manchester and intends to conduct interviews with the Iraqi refugees in Cairo towards her PhD dissertation, hopefully in conjunction with the FMRS program’s proposed survey of Iraqi refugees throughout the region. 26 Outreach his year, FMRS continued its active engagement with the community through its ongoing outreach activities: winter and summer short courses, weekly wednesday seminars, Cairo Community Interpreters Program (CCIP), as well as several conferences and workshops. Its student-led community outreach activities include the Cairo Tto Camps, an Arab youth solidarity project; and Student Action for Refugees (STAR), an organization that facilitates a diverse set of activities on behalf of the refugee community.

Special Educational programs

FMRS winter and summer short courses FMRS has been offering specialized short courses since the initiation of the program in 2000, and since then a total of 31 short courses have been offered. Our short courses are funded by a grant from the United States Institute of Peace (USIP), that has been covering the courses entirely since January 2005. Before that date, funding was made available by the Ford Foundation grant. (See more under Funding)

FMRS short courses provide specialized education in particular topics within the field of refugees and forced migration. Previous participants have included staff members from the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, the International Office of Migration, Caritas, churches, human rights lawyers and other NGOs. The participants are not only from Egypt and the surrounding regions, but also from Europe, the United States and Asia. The courses continue to attract undergraduate and graduate students from the AUC community from an array of fields, including political science, anthropology, sociology and human rights law, and many have decided to pursue the FMRS graduate diploma as a result of their positive experiences in the courses. Additionally, the courses have been fortunate to have refugees from the community in attendance to contribute their unique perspective to the proceedings.

Some of our short courses are either provided annually or repeated according to demand. Two of our regular courses that are repeated each year are The International Refugee and Human Rights Law, and Meeting the Psychosocial Needs of Refugees. Most of our courses are delivered through a combination of lectures and interactive small group exercises where participants learn how to relate theory to practice.

During the 2006-2007 academic year, FMRS successfully undertook four short courses attended by 129 participants. The following includes a description content of the courses. 27 Refugees and Migrants, and a Rights-based Approach to Development As part of its collaborative research with the University of Sussex, FMRS conducted a 10- day advanced course from January 8 to 17, 2007. (See detailed information under Research)

Meeting the Psychosocial Needs of Refugees The course was taught this summer between June 11 and 16, 2007 by Dr. Nancy Baron, director of Global Psychiatric and Psycho- Social Initiatives (GPSI). Baron is also the international training director for the International Trauma Studies Program at Columbia University, and senior trainer for the Psychosocial Training Institute of the Transcultural Psychosocial Organization of Uganda. The purpose of the course is to Group discussion during the course on psychosocial needs of refugees help psychosocial workers enhance their knowledge of refugee needs and increase their ability to meet them appropriately. Topics included cultural concepts of mental health and well being, basic interviewing and supportive counseling skills, working with translators, conceptualizing and treating refugee trauma, understanding and meeting children’s needs, and managing stress and preventing burnout among humanitarian workers.

Understanding Ethnicity and Nationalism Taught from June 18 to 23, 2007 by Eftihia Voutira, associate professor in the Department of Balkan, Slavic and Oriental Studies at the University of Macedonia in Thessaloniki, Greece, presented an overview of different theoretical approaches to notions of nationalism and ethnicity from a sociological and anthropological perspective. It raised questions regarding the relation between national and ethnic identity, and state formation,

Group picture during the summer course on ethnicity and nationalism Effie Voutira lecturing during FMRS summer school, June 2007 28 national consciousness and ethnic consciousness. Taking the end of the Cold War as a turning point in the affirmation of “new” nations and nationalisms, it challenged its 23 participants to explore the relation between “old” and “new” nationalist phenomena, with special reference to current developments in the Balkans, Eastern Europe and the Middle East.

International Refugee and Human Rights Law This course, amongst other things, introduces its participants to refugee and international human rights law, and covered the primary elements of the 1951 Geneva Convention, as well as its interaction with the 1969 OAU Convention. This was the seventh time the course was taught, and due to ever-increasing demand, FMRS opened two class sections to be taught simultaneously by two equally qualified instructors from June 25 to 30, 2007. One section was taught by Michael Kagan adjunct faculty at AUC and director of Africa , and Middle East Refugee Assistance (AMERA). The second section was taught by Martin Jones, adjunct professor at the Faculty of Law, Queen’s University, Kingston (Canada). He is also the managing editor of Refuge: Canada’s periodical on refugee issues at the Centre for Refugee Studies, York University. Jones has published and presented in various academic conferences, particularly on the issue of Canadian immigration and refugee law.

Martin Jones lecturing during FMRS summer school, June 2007 Martin Jones and Micheal Kagan, instructors of the two sections on international refugee law

29 The Cairo Community Interpreters Project (CCIP) Since its beginning in 2002, CCIP’s mission has been to build multilingual capacity among migrant and refugee communities in Cairo to build bridges of communication between their communities, aid organizations and the Egyptian host community, while supporting research on language and communication issues in migration. CCIP accomplishes its mission through:

Interpreter training and education for refugee interpreters serving their communities as language and cultural bridges Linguistic resource development in refugee languages to support interpreters Community outreach and awareness building to increase understanding of language issues, refugee and migration studies, and community work Participatory research support between scholars and refugee communities on language issues in migration

CCIP activities in 2006-2007 Interpretation training This year, CCIP updated its training curriculum to incorporate new pedagogies into the modules covering interpreter roles, protocols, ethics and cognitive skill development. The new curriculum was piloted in the spring 2007 Refugee Community Interpretation Training, with 36 students in Amharic, Sudanese Arabic, Fur, Somali and Tigrinya. The impact of the curriculum and pedagogic improvements were seen in the student pass rate on the final exams. Of the 33 students who took the exams, 78.8 percent passed and were issued certificates. This reflects the highest pass rate of any class since CCIP began in 2002.

Linguistic resource development Interpreters working in the refugee communities in Cairo have limited access to dictionaries and language reference tools to assist them when interpreting subjects of a highly technical nature, or subjects with complex culturally-specific concepts. For this reason, CCIP works with local interpreters to develop locally relevant glossary resources in the main languages spoken by refugees in Cairo: Amharic, Sudanese Arabic, Fur, Somali and Tigrinya. In this academic year, CCIP continued to expand its database of glossary terms, in particular the sections on cultural specific geography terms, traditional healing practices, and culturally-specific social relationship practices. Furthermore, the glossary project introduced a new section on court terminology, drawn from state and federal court Web sites from the United States, Canadian and Australian court systems. Overall, there are more than 15,000 terms in the five languages of the glossary project.

30 Outreach and awareness raising CCIP works with local organizations serving refugees to provide ongoing support in accessing interpreters and understanding how to communicate effectively through an interpreter. In this year, Mariam Hashim, CCIP coordinator, continued her participation in the orientation sessions for new interns at AMERA, supporting the AMERA interpreters to orient new staff on how to effectively work with interpreters. The training session screened the documentary film, To Be or Not to Be, to highlight the challenges encountered by service providers, clients and interpreters themselves in multilingual communication. The interns and interpreters then discussed the interpreter’s roles and responsibilities in a multilingual interview, and discussed simple techniques to facilitate cross-cultural communication, including special attention paid to the seating arrangement of service provider, client and interpreter, as well as awareness of body language and how the use of jargon and acronyms affects the flow of communication through an interpreter.

In other outreach areas, CCIP supported FMRS and STAR activities such as World Refugee Day and the Global Day for Darfur, by providing both written translation support for the events as well as stage interpretation with the masters of ceremony at the events.

Research support CCIP supports research by providing researchers with access to trained interpreters for their fieldwork, as well as guidance on working with interpreters for effective communication in the field. In January 2007, Alice Johnson, CCIP manager, participated in the founding conference of the Southern Refugee Legal Advocacy Network, which was held in Nairobi, Kenya. During the conference, Alice gave a presentation on interpretation training for refugee legal aid services. As the conference included participation from Latin America, Alice also provided simultaneous English-Spanish interpretation during the conference. During Spring 2007, several refugee students in the program participated in research studies being conducted by FMRS faculty.

31 Wednesday Seminar Series he FMRS Wednesday Seminar Series is a vital element of the program’s outreach activities. It is intended to create a platform for raising awareness about refugees and forced migration issues among a wider audience. Each week, a different topic related to the field is presented by an expert or researchers from FMRS, allowing for open Tdiscussion and debate. As in previous years, the series hosted a number of visiting lecturers from institutions and organizations worldwide, and attracted considerable interest from students, scholars, refugees, practitioners and the general public.

The following is a list of FMRS Wednesday Seminars during the rest of the 2006-2007 academic year:

- Legal Aid and UNHCR: Current Issues Michael Kagan, human rights lawyer and advocate

- Solidarity Under Siege: Testimonies from War Witnesses, Activists and Cairo to Camps Members Members of Cairo to Camps group and war witnesses

- Survivor Testimony: From Theory to Practice during War Time: A Panel Discussion Anne Cubilie, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and Maher Nasser, director, UN Information Center

- The Organization of Youth Associated Violence Jacob Rothing, FMRS researcher

- Palestinians in Jordan: Social Stratification from Above and Within Gudrun Kroner, FMRS research fellow

- International Liability for Committing Genocide Aiman Salama, professor of public international law, Nasser High Military Academy

- Medecins Sans Frontieres: The Practice of a Medical Humanitarian Organization Dalita Cetinoglu, FMRS fellow

- Community Based Peace Building Initiatives in Countries During and After War Nancy Baron, director, Global Psychosocial Initiatives (GPSI)

32 - Temporary Protection and the Palestinian Refugee Case Susan Akram, FMRS/law distinguished visiting professor

- Documentary on Darfur followed by a discussion on the recent events in the region

- Human Rights, Global Citizenship and Refugees Abdullahi AnNaim, Charles Howard Candler Professor of Law, Emory University, School of Law

- Palestinian Refugees as a Political Card: From Oslo to the Present Ambassador Daoud Barakat, , Member of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and member of Shaml (Palestinian Diaspora and Refugee Center). Former ambassador of the PLO in Geneva, Moscow and Vienna.

- Refugee or Terrorist? How the U.S. War on Terror Impacts Refugees Parastou Hassouri, Human rights lawyer, Legal Advisor at The Africa and Middle East Refugee Assistance (AMERA).

- Details of an Interview with Hassan Nasrallah Saad Eddin Ibrahim, Professor of Sociology, The American University in Cairo

- Rights, Protection and Care of Children in Forced Migration Movements Kristina Touzenis, Researcher, Istituto di Sociologia Internazionale di GoriziaUniversity of Trieste.

- Livelihood of Palestinian Refugee in Lebanon Refugee Camps Hoda Baraka, AUC Alumnus and Member of Cairo to Camps, an Arab Youth Solidarity Project with Palestinian Refugees Children.

- Testimonials from Lebanon - 2006 Cairo to Camps, an Arab Youth Solidarity Project with Palestinian Refugees Children.

- Iraq’s Refugees — War and the Strategy of Exit Philip Marfleet, Director of the Refugee Research Center, University of East London.

- A UN Perspective on the Humanitarian Situation in Darfur Khaled Mansour, Regional spokesperson for the United Nations World Food Program Middle

33 East/North Africa and Antoine Gerard, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)

- Humanitarianism Transformed Michael Barnett, Stassen Chair of International Affairs, Hubert Humphrey School, and Professor of Political Science, University of Minnesota

- Crossing Borders: Lebanon and Jordan Saad Eddin Ibrahim, Professor of Sociology, The American University in Cairo.

- Promoting the Rule of Law for All: Experiences on the Ground in Darfur James Pearce, FMRS Alumnus and a rule of law officer with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in West Darfur, Sudan.

- “I Live in Cairo” A documentry on Sudanese in Cairo followed by discussions by Abdalla Shams El-Din, Akram Abdo, Reda El-Burah

Philippe Fargues introducing Philippe Marfleet during one of the FMRS Wednesday seminars

Additionally, FMRS had the privilege of hosting a special lecture given by Professor Rainer Muenz, head of research and development, Erste Bank; and senior fellow at the Hamburg Institute of International Economics, titled “Forced Migration in 20th Century Europe.” This special lecture was delivered on Tuesday, February 27, 2007 in the AUC Rare Books and Special Collections Library. It addressed the history and effects of the nearly 60 million Europeans displaced due to forced migration, ethnic cleansing, deportation and the exchange of populations.

34 Conferences and Workshops Workshops and conferences are an important venue for bringing together academics, field experts, and inter-governmental, governmental and civil society actors to explore particular aspects of forced migration studies.

Researching Internal Displacement – State of the Art and an Agenda for the Future The Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, in collaboration with the Institute for the Study of International Migration at Georgetown University, organized a two-day expert workshop on internal displacement hosted by FMRS on March 8 and 9, 2007. The intention of the meeting was to review the state of the art in the field and develop a research agenda for the next several years. The emphasis of the workshop was on identifying research gaps and developing strategies to respond to them, including identifying appropriate methodological approaches, building institutional partnerships and thinking through funding opportunities.

Religion and Humanitarianism Workshop The FMRS program and the John D. Gerhart Center for Philanthropy and Civic Engagement at AUC, in collaboration with the Hubert Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota and the Munk Centre for International Studies at the University of Toronto, organized a one day workshop on Religion and Humanitarianism. The workshop took place at Shepheard Hotel in Cairo on Sunday, April 15, 2007 from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm and was attended by members from Islamic-based humanitarian organizations, Coptic-based humanitarian organizations, international secular humanitarian organizations, as well as academics and intellectuals.

The central question of the workshop was the changing role of religious organizations in the delivery of humanitarian assistance. What difference does religious commitment make for the delivery of assistance? How are different kinds of religious commitments translated into different kinds of humanitarian action? Which religious principles are most important for generating feelings of charity, benevolence and philanthropy? Are certain principles that translate into a concern for others shared by different religions and different religious traditions? These critical questions were discussed during the workshop, not only to further the understanding of religion in contemporary humanitarian action, but also to potentially eliminate fundamental misunderstandings between different religious and secular humanitarian organizations in the field.

35 A one-day meeting between the partner organizations followed the workshop. In this meeting, it was decided to organize a graduate workshop and a summer institute to tentatively take place in June 2008. The graduate workshop would be geared towards advanced PhD students, in which they would have the ability to exchange drafts of their research, present possible ideas and discuss common themes. The summer institute would be attended by both academics and practitioners in the field where they would be asked to write short memos (five to seven pages) to address the themes of the institute, to be announced later.

th The upcoming 11 IASFM Conference The FMRS program is especially pleased to be hosting the 11th conference of the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM). The IASFM brings together academics, practitioners and decision-makers working on forced migration issues. The upcoming conference, to take place January 6 to 10, 2008 at AUC, will provide another opportunity for these groups to come together to develop greater understanding of the implications of forced movement.

The theme of the conference, “Refugees and Forced Migrants at the Crossroads: Forced Migration in a Changing World,” uses the crossroads image as a metaphor for the phenomenon of forced migration and, increasingly, for the field of study itself. Presentations will look at the places, peoples and policies impacted by forced migration, and again, at the methods used to study the dynamic issues associated with forced migration.

FMRS staff has been working hard in preparation for this big event. In August 2007, Sara Sadek, FMRS alumna and former DRC/Sussex coordinator, joined FMRS staff in the capacity as conference coordinator.

36 Student-run Organizations and Community Outreach Activities he community outreach activities undertaken by our students are unique features of FMRS, reflective of the program’s encouragement of students to engage in extracurricular service activities. Two of the most active student-run organizations in TAUC were established by FMRS students: Cairo to Camps and Student Action for Refugees. Although both work under the auspices of FMRS and with the guidance of the FMRS director as their academic adviser, they have a great degree of autonomy that allows them to engage creatively in initiating new ideas and programs.

Cairo to Camps The philosophy of Cairo to Camps, an Arab youth solidarity project with Palestinian refugees, is based on the belief in the power of art and self-expression, and the role of workshops that attempt to go beyond merely having fun with children.

The main component of the group’s activities is their annual trip to refugee camps in Lebanon where they work with Palestinian refugee children conducting workshops in literature, music, art, theater and filmmaking. Unfortunately, they could not conduct their annual trip in August 2006 because of the Lebanese-Israeli conflict that started on July 12, 2006 and the resulting naval and air blockades over Lebanese territories. Despite these unfortunate circumstances, Cairo to Camps decided to continue their activities in the 2006 - 2007 academic year through building awareness and carrying out training activities in Egypt through the following activities.

Awareness activities The awareness campaign targets both new members as well as the extended AUC community. To this end, members of Cairo to Camps held a concert in June 2007 in solidarity with the displaced Palestinians from Nahr Al-Bared Camp in an attempt to raise awareness about the recent crisis. This was done simultaneously with lectures that aimed to discuss the status of Palestinian Refugees in Egypt and elsewhere. Moreover, senior members of the group conducted awareness sessions for new Cairo to Camps members on the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict, Palestinian refugees and their status in the Middle East with special focus on Lebanon and Jordan, the Lebanese civil war, Black September and the different Palestinian factions and their formation.

37 Trip to Jordan During the 2006 - 2007 academic year, Cairo to Camps members made the decision to take their activities to Palestinian camps outside of Lebanon. Jordan was their chosen destination, and they spent August 2007 working with children in Jabal Al-Nazeef — a residential area in Amman mostly populated with Palestinians. During their trip, Cairo to Camps volunteers carried out a filmmaking workshop with the youth of the camp, the result of which was the production of a short film titled How We See Jabal Al-Nazeef. The young filmmakers specifically wanted to show people that despite the poverty and misery of Jabal Al-Nazeef, it still has a lot of activities and is full of talented people.

The group conducted another workshop aiming to help the refugee children express their ideas and beliefs freely through art. Children were encouraged to draw and paint their own pictures and interpret each others’ drawings. The workshop also focused upon building theatrical skills, where the children participated in several activities meant to introduce them to the theater and different forms of nonverbal communication. As a last focal point, the volunteers stressed the importance of literature and helped the kids with their reading, writing and creation of their own stories to help them discover their own creativity and imagination.

Future plans Cairo to Camps volunteers who returned from Jordan at the end of August 2007 hope to give a presentation at AUC to share reflections about the status of Palestinians in Jordan, as well as their reflections on their own personal encounters with the children. The testimonies will be supplemented by a documentary that the volunteers produced during their visit.

Student Action for Refugees Student Action for Refugees (STAR) was established in 2001 to raise awareness about refugee issues and offer students the opportunity to work with refugees in practical ways through volunteering and education. Following the model of the international STAR network, AUC students work to establish their own network of students and refugees here in Cairo. STAR has been as active as ever in the last year through facilitating a variety of activities for raising awareness about refugee issues and providing services for the refugee community. Jennifer Renquist was president of the organization since spring 2006, and was heavily involved both with STAR and within the refugee community since her arrival at AUC in spring 2004. This former FMRS/IHRL student’s excellent communication, personnel and managerial skills enabled her to build strong relationships with the various AUC offices involved in the implementation of the various STAR activities, helping ensure the success of STAR’s events. FMRS is especially grateful for Jennifer’s contributions to the program

38 over the years and was sad to see her depart. An equally qualified student, Edefe Ojomo, will be heading STAR as of the 2007-2008 academic year. During this year, STAR additionally benefited from the work of its two vice-presidents, Mindy Nolt, an FMRS student, and Ali Hollenbeck, an undergraduate studying abroad for the year. Mindy and Ali assumed joint responsibility for organizing and overseeing the annual World Refugee Day event, along with Gafar Salim, FMRS office assistant.

STAR continued to fulfill its mission through organizing a variety of volunteer opportunities and educational programs. Traditionally, one of the most significant programs that STAR has implemented is its offering of English language courses. The STAR English program provides free classes to hundreds of refugees in the Cairo community, made possible largely through STAR volunteer teachers and the gracious allowance of AUC to host the classes on its campus. Past experience showed such a high demand for the English courses and only limited space to accommodate the students, leading to the decision to branch out and take classes into the community. Starting in March 2006, STAR helped to create the El-Wafa Center in Ain Shams, a neighborhood in the northeast of Cairo. Ain Shams boasts a significant refugee population, and the choice to hold classes there benefitted all involved: the students, by saving them travel time and expense, and the volunteer teachers, giving them an opportunity to move beyond the campus gates and see an often missed face of Cairo. Aided by Abdel-Rahman Siddiq, the center’s manager, classes saw enrollment reach as many as 90 students before the end of the academic year. In total, nearly 300 students benefitted from the program.

Moreover, through the efforts of STAR, the handicraft project was able to expand this year, organized with the help of Fatma Suleiman, an Eritrean refugee in Cairo. Fatma worked with a number of refugee women’s groups to develop their skills with arts and crafts, which they then are able to sell in surrounding areas and on the AUC campus during STAR-run monthly craft bazaars. This effort is in accordance with the STAR mission that aims at building the skills of refugees, providing them with income opportunities and teaching other refugees the skills they have acquired.

Finally, STAR organized several major events that attempted to draw attention to the plight of refugees and celebrate their diverse cultures. These included the Global Day for Darfur, a memorial of the Sudanese Refugees’ Martyrs, and the annual celebration of the World Refugee Day.

39 The Global Day for Darfur September 17, 2006 was marked as the Global Day for Darfur, falling on the one-year anniversary of the signing of the 2005 UN World Summit Outcome Document. The document, which enshrined the “Responsibility to Protect” as an international doctrine for the first time, pledged “to take collective action … if national authorities manifestly fail to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.” To commemorate the occasion, many organizations and individuals around the world participated in peaceful demonstrations, rallies, marches, exhibitions and concerts to raise awareness regarding the Darfur crisis. STAR stood in solidarity with these groups by organizing an event at AUC on September 16, 2006, sharing the same name: Global Day for Darfur. The event featured a film festival followed by discussion, a concert featuring Darfurian music and dance, an exhibition of arts and crafts, as well as traditional food. The evening ended with a candlelight vigil.

Candle lighting during the Global Day for Darfur, September 2006

Memorial of the Sudanese Refugees’ Martyrs On December 28th, 2006, STAR in collaboration with the Office of Students Development organized an event that gathered NGOs, students, faculty, and Sudanese refugees in a memorial day remembering the sad event of the forced removal of Sudanese protestors from a park near the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on December 30, 2005. The event started with a moment of silence mourning the victims. Following that, the day was divided into sessions that Memorial of the Sudanese Refugee Martyrs 40 tackled the situation of Sudanese refugees in Egypt, how the protest and its aftermath were covered by the Egyptian media, the impact of the incidents on the relation between Egypt and Sudan and the future of this relation, and finally the role of NGOs in avoiding similar incidents. The event ended by the screening of a documentary on the event followed by a moment of silence on the vigil of candles.

World Refugee Day World Refugee Day, hosted in conjunction with members of Cairo’s refugee communities and the support of outside donors, was held on June 15th, 2007, at the AUC campus for the sixth year in a row. Unfortunately, a tragic attack outside the campus carried out by rival Sudanese gang members overshadowed the day’s outstanding successes. The victim, Malia Poljor Bakama, was a Sudanese refugee aged 24 years old and a member of one of the gangs. He was assaulted when exiting the campus in the early evening, rushed to hospital but unfortunately eventually succumbed to his injuries. The AUC security Preparation for World Refugee Day team was forced to close down the event early to prevent the outbreak of further violence, casting a pall over the otherwise successful event.

Historically, World Refugee Day has provided refugees in Cairo a chance to celebrate

Mariam Hashem, CCIP coordinator, working with children during the World Refugee Day 41 their cultures by displaying and enjoying their own cultures, giving them a stage to perform songs and dances from their tribes and to exhibit and sell their handicrafts. Another important feature of World Refugee Day is that it creates a unique opportunity for members of the AUC campus to learn about refugees’ cultures and interact with them. As with previous years, World Refugee Day proved a tremendous draw within the community as more than 2,000 people, including many children, attended the event. The attendees and participants came from different refugee communities in Cairo (Sudan, Iraq, Ethiopia, Palestine, Burundi, Somalia and elsewhere), and also netted significant numbers of Egyptians and members of the AUC community. Publicity for the event included posters placed at venues around the city and interview opportunities with local radio stations.

The event itself took full advantage of the campus, offering children’s activities for the first half of the day on Main Campus and a full day of live performances on Greek Campus. Beginning in the early afternoon, children’s activities kicked off with the arrival of children from various refugee schools. The afternoon included games facilitated by volunteers from the British Council’s Dreams and Teams youth group and art activities carried out under the auspices of Cairo to Camps. On the Main Campus, attendees were able to enjoy ethnic foods from a variety of different refugee groups in Cairo, as well as purchase the arts and crafts displayed by refugee women’s handicraft groups. Live music and dance performances involving more than 24 performing groups and a number of genres, ranging from rhythm and blues to traditional, folk and rap, represented groups from all over Africa and the Middle East. As mentioned, the festivities were tragically cut short a few hours early due to the outbreak of gang violence.

While STAR and FMRS principally supported the event, it was most certainly not alone. Thanks to the generous financial support of many other sponsors, including AUC’s Office of Student Development, Catholic Relief Services and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), with meals provided for the children and performing groups by McDonald’s and bottles of water from ICRC. Finally, the event would have been impossible without the many hours of work and planning put in by STAR student volunteers and refugees, as well as the kind assistance provided by the AUC security team.

42 Networking and Collaboration hroughout the years, FMRS has established a strong presence both within AUC and beyond by forging important links with a variety of bodies. Whether academic and research centers or international and non-governmental organizations working in the field, FMRS continuously seeks to share its unique experience and knowledge for the Tbenefit of forced migrants.

ALocal strong collaboration Networks already exists between FMRS and AUC departments and centers since the four core courses of the FMRS diploma are offered by three departments — sociology, anthropology, psychology and Egyptology; political science; and law — and elective courses for the FMRS diploma are offered by these departments, as well as English and comparative literature, Middle East studies and the Cynthia Nelson Institute for Gender and Women’s Studies. Faculty members from each of these departments and programs hold positions on the Joint Steering Committee that governs the diploma program and curricula.

With the expectation that the program will expand to include a master’s degree, it is anticipated that new links will form with AUC departments and centers. FMRS hopes to employ an expanded Joint Steering Committee that will include representatives from other disciplines that are crucial to the field of migration studies, including economists, anthropologists and journalists. It is hoped that the broadened list of courses offered in conjunction with other departments for the MA will result in an enriched program of collaborative research and outreach activities with other centers at AUC, especially with European studies, American studies, and performing and visual arts.

Outside AUC but still locally, FMRS continued its collaboration with the Africa and Middle East Refugee Assistance (AMERA), a U.K.-registered charity operating in Egypt. AMERA’s activities in Egypt started in 2000 as the Refugee Legal Aid Project within FMRS. It moved in 2001 under the umbrella of the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights, and finally became an independent entity as a branch office of AMERA UK in 2003. Barbara Harrell-Bond is one member of AMERA Egypt’s advisory board, and Michael Kagan, its director, is an FMRS adjunct professor. (More under Faculty)

FMRS is also connected to Tadamon, the Egyptian Refugee Multicultural Council, an organization dedicated to promoting greater coordination between refugee-assisting NGOs and Egyptian NGOs, and facilitating better communication between the Egyptian 43 host community and the refugee population in Cairo. The council operates as an outreach program of the Townhouse Gallery, and Mohammed Yousry is the full-time coordinator. The activities of the organization are overseen by a steering committee composed of groups of representatives from NGOs, in addition to FMRS distinguished professor, Barbara Harrell-Bond. During the 2006-2007 academic year, Tadamon collaborated with FMRS on two different projects. A pilot project for violence prevention was initiated by two FMRS students, Nida Ghouse and Stina Karlmeister, who facilitated a hip-hop workshop for a group of Sudanese refugee girls. Tadamon assisted in generating project strategies, coordinating between the project trainers and volunteers, and worked to oversee the implementation of the workshop. Tadamon also cooperated with STAR on World Refugee Day, working to exhibit paintings produced in the Townhouse Gallery’s Sawa (community arts workshop) during the celebration. Sawa regularly invites Egyptians and refugees to create and collaborate in a free artistic environment. Tadamon attempts to market their productions in the Townhouse Gallery and other appropriate venues whenever possible.

FMRS also continued its sponsorship of Salon Afrique. An initiative that is organized by the English and comparative literature department and the graduate studies and research office with the cooperation of AUC’s African fellows. The activities of Salon Afrique started a series of cultural activities highlighting the African continent in Fall 2005. This year, FMRS and STAR helped sponsor an African cultural night in April 2007 with food and various arts and crafts on display.

Finally, FMRS had the opportunity to join with Ma’an, the Women Action Institute, in hosting a seminar at AUC on July 15, 2007 to address “Issues of Refugee Youth in Cairo.” The gathering allowed different participating groups, from NGOs and churches to schools and research groups, to take the opportunity to present findings from their individual studies on how to better engage refugee youth to avoid the proliferation of gangs and gang activity in Cairo.

44 Regional and International Networks The FMRS program’s planned transition into a regional center dedicated to migration and refugee studies will further enhance its networking and collaboration with the regional institutions. (For information on the planned center, see Research) On the international level and in terms of research, FMRS continues its networking with Sussex University through the DRC research project and initiated new projects ideas with the Feinstein International Center at Tufts University (See Research). In terms of education, FMRS collaboration with the University of East London is still ongoing. Thus far, two FMRS students have taken advantage of the opportunity that the diploma credits satisfy the requirements for the MA at the University of East London. Because of the success of this initial collaboration, more avenues for cooperation in terms of research and education are being explored.

FMRS continues as the Middle East partner of Oxford University’s Forced Migration Online, which offers up-to-the-minute information and resources for practitioners, researchers and students in the field. This year, FMRS further consolidated its networking with the Refugee Studies Centre (RSC) of Oxford University by being a partner institution in the Regional Information Networks initiated by RSC. Additionally, FMRS submitted a joint proposal with a number of other institutions in the field headed by York University in Canada to create a strategic knowledge cluster on refugee and forced migration research and practice.

Last but not least, AUC is looking forward to the privilege of hosting the upcoming 11th Conference of the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM) from January 6 to 10, 2008 at AUC, titled “Refugees and Forced Migrants at the Crossroads: Forced Migration in a Changing World.”

45 Faculty, Staff and Affiliates Activities FMRS faculty members are involved in a variety of activities in addition to teaching, including research and activism in refugee studies, as well as other fields and disciplines.

Barbara Harrell-Bond, FMRS distinguished adjunct professor, continued her active involvement in the program, teaching the course entitled Going Home? Is Repatriation the Best Solution for Refugees? In addition to her other academic and advocacy-related activities, she implemented the FMRS short course, A Rights-based Approach to Refugees and Development, from January 8 to 17, 2007 and worked to organize a conference for Southern Refugee Legal Aid Organizations in Nairobi, Kenya. On April 17 and 18, 2007, she attended a conference in Geneva at the invitation of the UNHCR, titled Addressing Humanitarian Needs of Refugees an Internally Displaced Persons inside Iraq and in the Neighboring Countries. She also attended a conference of the Federation for Human Rights in Geneva, presenting a paper on the situation of refugees in Egypt. Finally, she attended quarterly meetings in London for the African and Middle East Refugee Association Board of Trustees, of which she is a member.

Gurdun Kroner, FMRS research affiliate, contributed to the AUC community with her lecture, “Palestinians in Jordan: Social Stratification from Above and Within,” on October 11, 2006 as part of the FMRS Wednesday Seminar Series. While in Cairo, she was conducting research towards her PhD dissertation. She is now working for the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Commission for Social Anthropology, where she is currently doing field research on Palestinians in Jordan. Throughout the last year, she had the opportunity to offer lectures at several other venues. On November 15, 2007 she traveled to San Jose in the United States to speak on “Facts versus Fiction — Refugee Policies versus Refugee Hopes” at the 105th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, with the theme “Critical Intersections/Dangerous Issues.” On November 17, she served as a discussant on the panel for “Understanding Cultural and Religious Identities in the Somali Diaspora” at the annual meeting of the African Studies Association in San Francisco. On November 24 she spoke on “Refugees of Somalia and Palestine: Their Situation Compared,” in Vienna at the Austrian Academy of Sciences’ workshop on comparison and social anthropology. She also offered a lecture entitled “Migration in Mashreq” at the University of Luxembourg’s Migration Workshop on July 8, 2007.

Michael Kagan, adjunct faculty with FMRS and the law department, and program director for the Africa and the Middle East Refugee Assistance (AMERA) in Cairo. In

46 September 2006, he offered a lecture as a part of the FMRS Wednesday Seminar Series entitled “Legal Aid and UNHCR: Current Issues.” He also contributed heavily to the Southern Refugee Legal Aid Conference, which convened in Nairobi, Kenya in January 2007. This included organizing the conference, giving a presentation on legal aid methodologies, and circulating a working paper that became the foundation of the “Nairobi Code,” a model code of ethics for refugee legal aid. In April 2007, he gave another lecture through AUC’s law department entitled “Destructive Ambiguity: Enemy Nationals and the Legal Enabling of Ethnic Conflict in the Middle East.” In June 2007, he traveled to Doha to participate in the International Federation for Human Rights Regional Conference on Migration, offering a presentation on migration flows in Egypt.

Mulki Al-Sharmani, Senior researcher at the Social Research Center and FMRS research affiliate, traveled to the United States to present two papers at different conferences. The first, entitled The Secondary Movement of Somali Refugees and the Issue of Protection, was presented at the Annual Conference of the American Anthropological Association in San Jose on November 15, 2006, followed by Reconstructing Somali Nation in Diaspora, offered at the annual conference of the African Studies Association in San Francisco, on November 17, 2006

Maysa Ayoub, FMRS projects manager, traveled to Italy from June 14 to 29, 2007 to attend the third session of the Florence Summer School on Euro-Mediterranean Migration and Development.

Philippe Fargues, FMRS director, joined FMRS in February 2007. On March 17, he participated as a discussant at the Conference on Arab Family Working Group held in Cairo. On March 21 to 25, 2007, he traveled to Florence, Italy to attend the Mediterranean Research Meeting where he organized the workshop, Senders Turned into Receivers: Transit Migration in the Middle East and North Africa (For information, please visit www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Research/Mediterranean/mrm2007/Index.shtml). On May 21, 2007 he traveled to Paris for the IPEMed, and offered a seminar on Mobilités transméditerranéennes.

Ray Jureidini, associate director of FMRS and associate professor of sociology, served as the FMRS acting director until February 2007. He taught two FMRS core courses, including Introduction to Forced Migration and Refugee Studies, and Issues in Forced Migration. He also continued supervising the ongoing Migrant Domestic Workers in Cairo survey research project. His outreach activities were varied and numerous throughout the year, and included acting as the organizer for the Arab Families Working Group conference entitled Rethinking Arab Family Projects in Egypt, Lebanon and Palestine, held in Cairo 47 from March 16 to 19, 2007 (at which he presented the paper Historical Trajectories of Domestic Workers in Lebanon); the supervisor for the annual World Refugee Day held at AUC on May 15, 2006; adviser for the Cairo to Camps group; advisory committee member for AMERA; and executive editor for Labour and Industry, an Australian academic refereed journal.

Susan M. Akram, FMRS and law distinguished visiting professor, taught the course International Refugee Law during both the fall and spring semesters while in Cairo. She contributed a number of presentations and lectures for the law department during her stay, including a “Teach-In” on Guantanamo for the law department entitled “Does International Law have Relevance in the War on Terror?” (October 12, 2006). She also gave a guest lecture for the law class on Palestinian refugee issues called “Implications of the ‘Protection Gap’ and the Proposal for Temporary Protection” (April 12, 2007), and a presentation to the department and Law Students Association entitled “Global Strategies for Advancing Palestinian Claims of Return, Restitution and Compensation” (April 19, 2007). Her contributions were not limited to the law department, and she offered several other lectures for other members of the AUC community, including a presentation for the AUC Model United Nation’s “33 Days Campaign,” entitled “Belhas v. Ya’alon, The Qana Case” (November 12, 2006); a Wednesday Seminar called “Temporary Protection and the Palestinian Case” (November 15, 2006); and finally, a panel discussion with Maher Nasser on “Palestinian Refugees: International Legal Protection,” for the student group, “Cairo to Camps,” (March 19, 2007), a group for which she also served as the faculty adviser during the 2006-2007 academic year. On November 26, 2006, she presented on “A Proposal for Temporary Protection and its Relevance to the Palestinian Case” in East Jerusalem at the Al-Quds University. She returned to Cairo and made a presentation to African Middle East Refugee Assistance, on “The Palestinian Refugee Problem” on December 4, 2006, and also offered a presentation in the same month before the Arab Women’s Legal Network’s Legal Education Workshop at AUC, entitled “Models of Clinical Legal Education Programs and their Relevance to Legal Education in the Middle East.” In February 2007, she collaborated with international NGOs in the drafting of a submission for presentation to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in addition to lobbying on behalf of the submission at the committee’s session on the Examination of the State of Israel. She also presented testimony on invitation before the UN Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories on July 22, 2007.

48 Publications by FMRS Faculty and Affiliates Akram, Susan M., “The Palestinian Refugee Problem” in Akram, Susan M., et. al. (eds.), A Rights-Based Approach to the Israel-Palestine Conflict, (forthcoming) Routledge Publishers, London, 2007.

Akram, Susan M., “Myths and Realities of The Palestinian Refugee Problem: Reframing the Right of Return” in Farsakh, L., et. Al. (eds.), Forty Years of the Naqse, Sixty Years of the Naqba, (forthcoming) Routledge Publishers, London, 2007.

Akram, S. with Al-Midani, Mohammed, A. and Cabanettes, M., revision of English Translation of the Arab Charter on Human Rights 2004 with Introduction, published in Vol. 24 Boston University International Law Journal 146, 2007.

Al-Sharmani, M. “Reconstructing the Nation in Diaspora: The Poetics and Practices of Soomaalinimo” in Kusow, Abdi and Bjork, Stephanie (eds.), From Dixon to Mogadishu: The Somali Diaspora in Global Context, The Red Sea Press, Trenton, New Jersey, 2007.

Coker, E., “Religion, ethnicity, and community mental health: Service provision and identity politics in an unplanned Egyptian community.” Community Development Journal, forthcoming, 2007.

Fargues Ph., “The Demographic Benefit of International Migration: Hypothesis and Application to Middle Eastern and North African Contexts,” in Özden, Caglar and Maurice Schiff, International Migration, Economic Development and Policy, Washington, World Bank, 2007.

Fargues, Ph. (ed.), Mediterranean Migration Report 2006/2007, Florence, July 2007, xxvi + 401 p. http://www.carim.org/index.php?areaid=8&contentid=9, 2007.

Fargues, Ph., Circular Migration: A Concise Overview, 7 p., European University Institute, CARIM Background Paper http://www.carim.org/public/workarea/workarea.php?admin=1&admintype=workarea &dir=home/%20TS%20October%202007/Back%20ground%20papers, 2007.

Fargues, Ph. & Hervé Le Bras « Des migrations aux mobilités méditerranéennes », Report for IEPEMED, Institut de Prospective Economique du Monde Méditerranéen, Paris, May 2007, 36 p. 49 http://www.ipemed.coop/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid =244, 2007.

Harrell-Bond, B.E. with Arnold-Fernandez, E. and de Lorenzo, M. (Date TBD). “Starting a Movement: Legal Aid for Refugees in the Global South” in Kaufman, Zachary (ed.), Changing Our World: Case Studies of Emerging Social Entrepreneurs (Publisher TBD).

Kagan, M., “Destructive Ambiguity: Enemy Nationals and the Legal Enabling of Ethnic Conflict in the Middle East,” 38:2 Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 263, 2007.

Kagan, M., “Setting Standards of Ethics, Competence and Accountability for Legal Aid in the Context of UNHCR RSD”, accessible http://www.rsdwatch.org/KaganEthicsWP&Proposal.pdf, 2006.

Kagan, M., “Darfur,” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2nd Edition, MacMillan Reference USA publishers, forthcoming.

Kagan, M., “Legal Refugee Recognition in the Urban South: Formal v. De Facto Refugee Status,” 24:1 Refuge: Canada’s Periodical on Refugees, 2007.

Kagan, M. with Trad, S., “Rights, Needs and Responsibility: Challenges to Rights-Based Advocacy for Non-Palestinian Refugees’ Health and Education in Lebanon,” in Grabska and Mehta, (eds.), Problematizing Rights and Policies in Forced Displacement: Whose Needs Are Right?, Palgrave Press, London, forthcoming 2007.

Kagan, M., “Politically-Preferred Solutions and Refugee Choices: Applying the Lessons of Iraq to Palestine,” in Dumper, (ed.), Palestinian Refugee Repatriation: Global Perspectives at 250, Routledge Press, London, 2006.

Kroner, G., “Migration in the Mashreq Countries,” in Bilger, V. and Kraler, A. (eds.), Migration und Globalgeschichte, 2006.

Kroner, G., “Transit or Dead End: The Somali Diaspora in Egypt,” in Kusow, A. and Bjork, S. (eds.), From Mogadishu to Dixon: The Somali Diaspora in a Global Context, The Red Sea Press, Trenton, New Jersey, 2007.

50 FMRS Faculty and Staff Phillipe Fargues FMRS Director and Professor of Sociology

Ray Jureidini FMRS Associate Director and Associate Professor of Sociology

Maysa Ayoub FMRS Projects Manager

Lamyaa Mady Administrative Assistant and Accountant

Eman Samir Program Secretary

Gafar Salim Office Assistant

Alice Johnson Cairo Community Interpreter Project Manager

Mohamed Berray FMRS Library Specialist

Sara Sadek 11th IASFM Conference Coordinator

Reem W. M. Mohamed Research Assistant, FMRS/Sussex DRC Project

Assmaa Naguib Research Assistant, FMRS/Sussex DRC Project

Ted Oswald Graduate Merit Fellow, Editor of FMRS Report of Activities, 2006-2007

51 FMRS Affiliated Faculty and Researchers Abdel Aziz Ez ElArab Associate Professor, FMRS JSC Member

Barbara Harrell-Bond Distinguished Adjunct Professor, FMRS Adviser, FMRS JSC Member

Elizabeth Marie Coker Assistant Professor of Psychology, FMRS JSC Member

Ferial Ghazoul Professor of English and Comparative Literature

Hania Sholkamy Research Assistant Professor at the Social Research Center, FMRS JSC Member

Jayme Spencer Senior Librarian, Director of Public Services, FMRS JSC Member

Martina Riecker Assistant Professor, Associate Dean of HUSS, Director of CNIGWS, FMRS JSC Member

Michael Kagan FMRS Adjunct Professor, FMRS/Law

Mulki Al Sharmani Senior Researcher, Social Research Center

Nazek Nossier Associate Professor Sociology, FMRS JSC Member

Samer Soliman Assistant Professor, FMRS JSC Member

Susan Musarrat Akram FMRS and Law Distinguished Visiting Professor Associate Professor, Boston University School of Law 52 For more information about the program, e-mail [email protected]

www.aucegypt.edu/researchatAUC/rc/fmrs

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