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116 Politicii 117 Sfera 116 Politicii 117 REVIST~ LUNAR~ DE }TIIN|E POLITICE EDITAT~ DE FUNDA|IA SOCIETATEA CIVIL~ ANUL XIII, 2005 TEMA EUROPEANÃ Cuprins 2. Editorial Viorel Zaicu Culorile integr`rii 4. Analize Alexandru Radu Ce fel de sistem partidist? 8. Daniel Buti Sistemul de partide rom@nesc Revista este editat` de [n c`utarea unei formule func\ionale Fundaþia Societatea Civilã 14. Tema Alina Buz`ianu Uniunea European` ]i procesul EDITORIAL BOARD european` de extindere CÃLIN ANASTASIU 19. Paul Du\` Politica European` de DANIEL CHIROT Vecin`tate DENNIS DELETANT ANNELI UTE GABANYI 24. Cristina Vintilescu Cet`\enia european` [ntre GAIL KLIGMAN trecut ]i viitor DAN OPRESCU 29. Sorin Denca The European Union VLADIMIR TISMÃNEANU Constitutional Treaty G. M. TAMAS 35. M`d`lina-Vriginia Uniunea European`: un DIRECTOR Antonescu Imperiu Modern? STELIAN TÃNASE 39. Gina Gu]ilov Neofunc\ionalismul european REDACÞIE 47. Ionu\-Octavian UE ]i situa\ia din Kosovo Redactor ºef: Apahideanu ROMULUS BRÂNCOVEANU 51. Ioana Cristea-Dr`gulin Imigran\i la por\ile Europei Redactor ºef-adjunct: IOANA COSTESCU 55. Politic` Octavian Manea Spre o constitu\ionalizare a Secretar de redacþie: interna\ional` sistemului politic interna\ional LIVIU STOICA 64. Victor-Iulian Tuc` Democra\ie, egalitate ]i Colectivul redacþional: egalitarism ADRIAN CIOROIANU ALEXANDRU RADU 70. Eseuri Alexandru Nicolae Jereb The Romanian Crisis LAURENÞIU ªTEFAN SCALAT 75. Dan Stoenescu The Concept of Civil Society VALENTIN STAN and the Viability of a Global VIOREL ZAICU Civil Society Adresa Redacþiei: 80. Maria Popescu Butucea “Scheme” de g@ndire, Pia\a Amzei, nr. 13, Et. 1. comportament ]i ac\iune Bucure]ti, România politic` Tel/Fax: 01 312 84 96, 84. Recenzii, Lavinia Stan Defini\ii, dic\ionare 01 212 76 61 semnal`ri, sferapoliticii rdslink.ro comentarii redactia sferapoliticii.ro http://www.sferapoliticii.ro Revist` recunoscut` Revista Sfera Politicii apare cu sprijinul de CNCSIS NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY 1 S.P. nr. 116-117/2005 Editorial Editorial Culorile integrãrii VIOREL ZAICU Dup` 1 mai 2005, cu toate vocile contestatare “prea birocratizat`”, “prea abstract`”, “impotent`” din Europa ]i cu „cartona]ele galbene” primite sau etc. Al`tur@nd-o [ns` celei din Rom@nia, vom ob- preg`tite, singura necunoscut` [n privin\a ader`rii serva c` nu este deloc hido]enia prezentat` pe la europene a Rom@niei r`m@ne data. Lucrurile stau col\uri. Este un orologiu masiv, care nu beneficiaz` cu totul altfel [n privin\a consecin\elor acestui act. de o reclam` pe aripile modei, nu se poate regla a]a Pentru unii ([n general politicieni, oameni mai pu\ini [nc@t s` aib` aceea]i culoare, unitar`, din orice instrui\i sau cu interese speciale), viitorul \`rii ca unghi ar fi privit, dar este foarte precis. Proba aces- parte integrant` a Uniunii se vede [n culori deschise. tei precizii este dat` de progresele [nregistrate [n „Sun` bine”, cum s-ar spune. Pentru al\ii ([n general mod constant, de la primii pa]i spre extindere ]i jurnali]ti ]i oameni destul de bine instrui\i, dar cu p@n` la punerea [n aplicare a unor politici de veci- viziuni destul de limitate), viitorul se profileaz` [n n`tate. Nefiind un organism belicos, Uniunea Euro- culori sumbre. Pu\ini sunt cei care []i pot reprezenta pean` s-ar putea dovedi totu]i o for\` de temut, [n un viitor mai apropiat de cel real, destul de cenu]iu cazul [n care integritatea sa ar fi amenin\at`. Pentru [n privin\a aspectului economic ]i cu totul acoperit Rom@nia, acest organism politic s-ar putea dovedi de cea\` [n privin\a politicului. Sub aceast` cea\` solu\ia salvatoare pentru un mediu politic virusat. ghicesc [ns` culori foarte atr`g`toare, ]i [ncerc s` Teoretic, filiera familiilor politice europene explic aici de ce. este urm`toarea: un partid popular are tot interesul Exist`, f`r` [ndoial`, p`r\i proaste [n aceast` s` sprijine grupul din care face parte; acesta poate integrare, a]a cum exist` ]i p`r\i bune. {n general, impune schimb`ri care, av@nd o tent` doctrinar` c@nd se fac comentarii pe aceast` tem`, fiecare []i clar`, [nt`resc partidul la nivel local. Practic, proa- urmeaz` [ndeaproape propriul interes, [n special spe\ii membri ai familiilor sunt destul de departe de economic ]i, [n func\ie de perspectiva urm`ririi cerin\ele doctrinare solicitate, cei mai mul\i adop- acestui interes sub auspiciile Uniunii, se situeaz` t@ndu-le ad-hoc. Drept urmare, interac\iunile cu pro sau contra integr`rii, fie ]i numai la nivelul dis- politicienii din „marea familie” (care vor [ncepe cu cursului. Este u]or s` g`se]ti ]i motive pro, ]i mo- observatorii parlamentari) vor reprezenta stagii nu tive contra, bine argumentate ]i cu o for\` de con- numai pentru acomodarea cu un alt stil de lucru ]i vingere considerabil`. Este ]i mai u]or s` adop\i cu probleme diferite, ci ]i pentru schimbarea moda- pozi\ia rabinului care d` dreptate ambelor p`r\i. lit`\ii de desf`]urare a activit`\ii. Tocmai sub acest Este cu totul altceva s` abordezi problema dintr-o aspect ar trebui s` vedem cel mai important c@]tig: perspectiv` mai pu\in tran]ant` dec@t cea a plusu- politicienii rom@ni vor fi obliga\i s` [nve\e s` se rilor ]i minusurilor economice. {n fond, acestea comporte, s` vorbeasc`, s` citeasc` ]i chiar s` jude- depind foarte mult ]i de noi, fie c` suntem membri ce. Poate nu tot ce vor [nv`\a va putea fi socotit un ai Uniunii, fie c` nu. c@]tig, dar cu siguran\` schimbarea va fi [n bine. Politic, balan\a este indubitabil [nclinat` [n Treptat, poate vor [nv`\a ]i ce este ru]inea, cel pu\in favoarea Rom@niei. Indiferent de interes, lucrurile at@t c@t s` se g@ndeasc` de dou` ori atunci c@nd vor s-au potrivit at@t de bine [nc@t chiar ]i cei mai deza- s` migreze politic. Poate vor [nv`\a c` argumentele m`gi\i vor avea de c@]tigat. De ce? Pentru c` insti- ]chioape au via\` scurt`, ca ]i minciuna, c` jocul la tu\iile politice Uniunii Europene sunt func\ionale. dou` capete este un avatar diplomatic care nu aco- Sigur, putem g`si oric@nd hibe [n aceast` ma]in`rie per` toate ac\iunile. Apoi, obliga\iile europene vor S.P. nr. 116-117/2005 2 3 S.P. nr. 116-117/2005 Editorial Editorial face din jocurile de culise model d@mbovi\ean mici antracte hazlii. Vor disp`rea din scen` neaveni\ii care fac ]i desfac totul [ntr-un partid, dup` bunul SEMNALSEMNAL plac. Nu, nu prin voin\` politic`, ci ca urmare a valului informa\ional care va sp`la e]ichierul rom@- Vladimir Tismãneanu nesc. Stalinism pentru eternitate Uniunea European` este un organism care se Editura: Polirom m@ndre]te cu tradi\iile, mo]tenirile lingvistice ]i Anul apariåiei: 2005 valorile culturale de prim` clas`, a]a [nc@t aderarea Traducere: Cristina Petrescu æi Dragos Petrescu Rom@niei nu poate reprezenta dec@t o [mbog`\ire la Postfaåã de Mircea Mihãieæ acest capitol. Dar solicitarea social` exercitat` asu- pra vechilor europeni de c`tre concet`\enii rom@ni Cuprins va fi at@t de mare [nc@t Rom@nia va fi pentru mult` De ce o istorie a comunismului românesc? • Înåelegerea stalinismului naåional. Moæte- vreme o povar`, [n principal din cauza s`n`t`\ii pre- nirea socialismului ceauæist • O sectã mesi- care ]i a u]urin\ei (obi]nuin\ei?) cu care migreaz`. anicã. Partidul Comunist Român în ilega- Cum am mai spus, nu m` refer la aspectul economic, litate, 1921-1944 • Stalinismul dezlãnåuit, a]a [nc@t atunci c@nd vorbesc despre consecin\ele 1948-1956 • Undele de æoc ale Congresului migra\iei rom@nilor, chiar dac` motivele acesteia al XX-lea al P.C.U.S., 1957-1960 • Comu- sunt economice, am [n vedere ciocnirile culturale nismul dinastic al lui Ceauæescu, 1965-1989 • Viaåa de apoi a P.C.R. Ce s-a întâmplat cu care ar putea crea tensiuni suficient de mari pentru membrii de partid? 1989-2000 declan]area unor politici locale ostile. Pot fi conce- pute ]i neajunsuri mai mari, dar este foarte probabil Descriere O lucrare de referinåã despre comunismul ca realitatea s` bat` scenariile. Trebuie s` p`str`m [n românesc, o istorie foarte bine documentatã vedere doar posibilitatea unor astfel de ]ocuri cultu- æi extrem de clarã, care porneæte de la peri- rale – ]ocuri care de altfel nu mai reprezint` o nou- oadã de ilegalitate a Partidului Comunist tate pentru europeni, dar care []i pot schimba semni- Român în anii ’20, descrie crearea unui stat ficativ for\a [n cazul unor egaliz`ri de drepturi. sovietic satelit în anii ’40, ajunge la regimul Mai r`m@ne totu]i o variant` a culorilor sum- poststalinist al lui Gheorghiu-Dej, apoi la cel de antireformã, militant stalinist, al lui Ceau- bre, un co]mar de care vom putea fi siguri c` am æescu æi la cãderea violentã a acestuia în sc`pat abia dup` ce vom trimite primul (sau poate 1989. Vladimir Tismãneanu face mai mult al doilea) r@nd de parlamentari [n Europa. {n acest decât sã disece în mod analitic odiseea poli- caz, Parlamentul european va trebui s` se descurce ticã a Partidului Comunist Român. El cautã cumva cu indivizi care nu se pot supune unei disci- æi identificã etosul sãu particular: dimen- pline, nu cunosc nici o limb` str`in` (da, exist` arma- siunile socialã, psihologicã æi experimentalã æi expresiile politice ale autoimaginii sale de te de translatori, dar ei nu pot [mpiedica interac\iuni paria.
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