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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83488-9 - Insect Ecology: Behavior, Populations and Communities Peter W. Price, Robert F. Denno, Micky D. Eubanks, Deborah L. Finke and Ian Kaplan Index More information

AUTHOR INDEX

Aanen, D.K., 227 Amman, G.D., 600 Bach, C.E., 152 Abrahamson, W.G., 16, 161, 162, Andersen, A.N., 580 Bacher, 275 165 Andersen, N.M., 401 Bacher, S., 275 Abrams, 274 Anderson, J.M., 114 Bachman, S., 567 Abrams, P.A., 195, 273, 276 Anderson, R.M., 336, 337, 338 Ba¨ckhed, F., 225 Acorn, J., 250 Anderson, R.S., 415 Badenes-Perez, F.R., 400 Adams, D.C., 203 Andersson, M., 82, 83, 87 Baerends, G.P., 29 Adams, E.S., 435 Andow, D.A., 127, 128, 179, 276, 513, Bailey, J.K., 426, 474, 475, 603 Adamson, R.S., 573 528 Bailey, V.A., 279, 356 Addicott, J.F., 242, 507 Andres, M.R., 116, 117, 118 Baker, R.R., 54 Addy, N.D., 574, 601, 602 Andrew, N.R., 566 Baker, I., 247 Adjei-Maafo, I.K., 530 Andrewartha, H.G., 27, 260, 261, 279, Baker, T.C., 53 Adler, L.S., 155 356, 404 Baker, W.L., 166 Adler, P.H., 8 Andrews, J.H., 310 Baldwin, I.T., 121, 122, 125, 126, 127, Agarwal, V.M., 506 Aneshansley, D.J., 48 129, 143, 144, 166, 174, 179, 187, Agnew, P., 369 Anonymous, 18 197, 201, 204, 208, 221, 492, 498 Agrawal, A.A., 99, 108, 114, 118, 121, Anstett, M.-C., 236, 243, 244 Ballabeni, P., 162 122, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 133, Antonovics, J., 471 Baltensweiler, 414 136, 139, 156, 161, 197, 204, 205, Aoki, S., 80 Baltensweiler, W., 407, 410, 424 208, 216, 219, 299, 444, 471, 492, Appel, H.M., 124, 128 Bangert, 465, 472 493, 502, 507, 509, 512, 513 Arditi, R., 274 Bangert, R.K., 137, 464, 472, 475, 547 Agrawal, M., 142 Armbruster, P., 383 Banks, J.E., 21 Ahman, I., 161 Armbruster, W.S., 228 Barbosa, P., 245, 297, 491, 493, 494, Ahn, T.I., 235 Arndt, W., 307 507, 528, 571 Aide, T.M., 330, 542 Arnett, R.H., 412 Barbour, J.D., 136 Aizen, M.A., 263 Arnold, A.E., 233, 265 Barbour, M.T., 104 Aksoy, S., 255 Arthington, A.H., 558, 562 Barbour, R.C., 603 Albarracin, M.T., 429 Askew, R.R., 307, 330, 376 Barnett, T.P., 591 Alborn, T., 498 A˚ sman, K., 400 Barone, J.A., 330 Alcock, J., 28, 29, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, Aspinall, D., 138 Barrett, S.C.H., 229 55, 56, 60, 62, 564 Atkinson, C.T., 335 Barrigossi, J.A.F., 369 Alexander, R.M., 6 Atsatt, P.R., 155, 167, 505 Barros-Bellanda, H.C.H., 114 Alexopoulos, C.J., 229 Auer, C., 338 Barton, A.M., 506 Allard, G.B., 100 Augspurger, C.K., 158 Bascompte, J., 260 Allee, W.C., 353 Avila, J.M., 566 Bass, M., 79 Allen, C.R., 483 Awmack, C.S., 105, 107, 108, 109, Basset, Y., 68, 102 Allen-Wardell, G., 263 110, 113, 114, 133, 136, 137, Bateman, A.J., 50, 54 Alsoy, S., 227 141, 178 Batra, L.R., 244 Alstad, D.N., 169 Axen, 243 Batra, S.W.T., 244 Al-Tamini, S., 323 Axe´n, A.H., 232, 245 Battisti, A., 594 Altieri, M.A., 152, 180 Ayala, F.J., 196 Battisti, D.S., 612 Alvarado, A., 88 Ayala, R., 561 Baudouin-Cornu, P., 115 Alyokhin, A., 212 Ayres, B.D., 201 Bauerfeind, S.S., 378, 394 Amarasekare, P., 213, 215 Ayres, M.P., 124, 144, 145, 596 Baum, K.A., 434

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83488-9 - Insect Ecology: Behavior, Populations and Communities Peter W. Price, Robert F. Denno, Micky D. Eubanks, Deborah L. Finke and Ian Kaplan Index More information

Author index 765

Baumann, P., 114, 175, 325 Berte´, B., 108 Bouma, J.E., 235 Baur, R., 118 Bestelmeyer, B.T., 483 Bourtzis, K., 114, 184 Bayhan, E., 369 Betancourt, J.L., 414, 416 Bowers, M.D., 129, 130, 165, 516 Baylis, N., 167 Bezemer, T.M., 141, 204, 598 Boyd, C., 173 Bazely, D., 116, 117 Bianchi, F.J., 264 Boyd, R.S., 159 Bazely, D.R., 18 Billen, J., 77 Boyer, A.G., 429 Bazzaz, F.A., 571 Birch, L.C., 27, 196, 260, 261, 279, 356, Boyer, E.W., 137, 178 Beattie, A.J., 228, 229, 233, 240, 507, 404, 514 Bradley, R.A., 506 508 Birch, M.C., 200 Bradshaw, C.J.A., 429 Beaver, R.A., 115, 230 Bishop, J.G., 157, 458 Braks, M.A.H., 210 Becerra, J.X., 125, 126, 130, 169, 170, Bissett, J., 230 Brandl, R., 264, 610 173, 176, 177, 324, 507 Bize, P., 330, 369 Brattsten, L.B., 128 Beckerman, A.P., 156, 516 Bjo¨rkman, C., 161 Brauman, A., 115 Beddington, J.R., 282 Blackwell, M., 227 Brehm, G., 566 Beggs, J., 526 Blais, J.R., 414 Brennan, E.B., 133 Begon, M., 185, 195, 552 Bloomquist, J.R., 122 Breshears, D.D., 418, 594 Behmer, S.T., 109, 110 Blum, M.S., 46, 129, 163 Brett, M.T., 519 Bell, S.S., 465, 475 Blu¨thgen, N., 501 Breznak, J.A., 115 Bellotti, A.C., 343 Boecklen, W.J., 137, 578, 579 Briese, D.T., 88 Bellow, T.S., 297 Boege, K., 121, 429 Briggs, C.J., 338 Belovsky, G.E., 59 Boethel, D.J., 527 Bright, K.L., 110 Belt, T., 239 Boeve´, J.-L., 393 Broadhead, E., 449, 451 Benbrook, C.M., 178, 179 Boggs, C.L., 62 Broadway, R.M., 128 Bengtsson, J., 297 Bogra´n, C.E., 213, 215, 221 Brockhurst, M.A., 230 Benmayor, R., 198 Bohlmann, J., 125, 126, 130, 132, 145 Brodbeck, B., 138 Bennett, N.C., 86 Boivin, G., 376 Brodeur, J., 335 Benrey, B., 75, 109, 166, 493, 496, 497 Boivin, T., 400 Brodie, E.D.I., 296 Benson, R.B., 557 Bolnick, D.I., 293 Brody, A.K., 89, 90 Benson, W.W., 118, 257, 512 Bolton, B., 88 Bronstein, J.L., 224, 229, 232, 236, 237, Bentley, B.L., 227, 506, 507 Bonas, U., 306 242, 245, 247, 258, 507 Benton, T.G., 81 Bones, A.M., 126 Brook, B.W., 429 Bequaert, J., 229 Bonifay, C., 507 Brooks, D.R., 330 Berdegue, M., 162, 163, 170 Bonner, J.T., 310, 402 Brooks, G.L., 141 Berenbaum, M.R., 45, 121, 124, 125, Bonsall, M.B., 187, 190, 197 Brower, L.P., 32, 129, 169, 295, 493 126, 128, 135, 136, 143, 144, 169, Boomsma, J.J., 227 Brown, J.H., 431, 541, 544, 552, 555, 177, 263 Borden, J.H., 201, 202 563 Bergelson, J., 125, 136, 143, 144, Bordereau, C., 80 Brown, K.S., 483 173, 174 Borgia, G., 61 Brown, M.W., 139 Berger, D., 396 Borkent, A., 230 Brown, V.K., 208, 436 Bergeson, E., 218 Borojevic, S., 136 Brown, W.L., 202, 239 Bergland, A.O., 383 Borror, D.J., 316 Browne, D.J., 545 Bergman, J.M., 527 Bos, T., 136 Bruce, T.J.A., 130 Bergstro¨m, A., 396 Bossart, J.L., 9 Brues, C.T., 121 Bergvinson, D.J., 202 Bostock, R.M., 125, 126, 127, 144 Bruno, J.F., 184, 185, 189, 190, 216, 218 Berlocher, S.H., 16, 17, 160, 165, Both, C., 592, 593 Bryant, J.P., 142, 146 168, 173 Bottrell, D.G., 120, 527 Buchmann, S.L., 263 Bernays, E.A., 102, 108, 109, 110, 115, Boucher, D.H., 255, 256, 261, 264 Buchner, P., 230, 244 120, 121, 130, 145, 162, 324, 510 Boucias, D.G., 330 Buckley, R.C., 88, 239 Berryman, A.A., 352, 353, 355, 357, Bouget, C., 574 Bugg, R.L., 528 412, 419, 425, 426, 435 Boughey, A.S., 564 Bultman, T.L., 199, 229, 233

766 Author index

Burchard, P., 122 Cavalier-Smith, T., 225 Coley, P.D., 116, 142, 144, 147, 148, Bush, A.O., 10, 18, 307, 315, 330 Cerda, H., 127, 128, 179 330, 521, 542 Bush, G.L., 165, 306, 324 Chadwick, D., 122 Colfer, R.G., 288 Busvine, J.R., 18 Chamberlain, S.A., 506, 508 Coll, M., 114, 490, 501 Butler, C. G., 76 Chaneton, E.J., 187, 190 Collinge, S.K., 340 Butler, G.D., 117 Chapin, F.S., 148 Collins, N.C., 290, 329 Butlin, R.K., 162 Chapman, B.R., 331 Collins, N.L., 219 Buzas, M.A., 357, 483, 539 Chapman, J.W., 33 Collins, N.M., 550, 551 Chapman, R.F., 6, 30, 102, 115, 130, Colwell, R.K., 447, 540, 567 Caillaud, M.C., 160, 165 145, 227, 233, 324 Combes, C., 305, 319, 320 Cairns, J., 485 Chapman, R.N., 354 Condit, R., 158 Calder, C.A., 310 Chapman, T.W., 80 Connell, J.H., 157, 203, 574 Caligari, P., 136 Charnov, E.L., 63, 64, 110, 319 Connor, E.F., 116, 117, 118, 132, 152, Callaghan, T.V., 603 Chase, J.M., 341, 449 476, 544, 547, 549 Calow, P., 351, 355, 356, 537 Chen, C.C., 115 Constabel, C.P., 125, 126, 187 Caltagirone, L.E., 270 Chen, F., 141 Conway, G., 178 Camargo, J.M.F., 561 Chen, J.S.C., 93 Cook, A., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 117, Cambefort, Y., 211 Cherrett, J.M., 79, 88, 115 161 Cameron, R.A.D., 409 Chesson, P., 196, 282 Coombes, C., 330 Cammell, M., 113 Chevin, H., 458 Coope, G.R., 587 Campbell, B., 61 Chew, F.S., 126, 161 Copp, N.H., 161 Campbell, B.C., 115, 527 Chilcutt, C.F., 215, 216 Corbett, S.A., 288, 524 Cane, J.H., 263 Choong, M.F., 116 Corcoran, A.J., 296 Cappuccino, N., 429 Chown, S.L., 8, 30, 250, 252, 253, Corley, J.C., 272 Caradus, J.R., 136 563 Cornell, H.V., 361, 362, 363, 368, 370, Carde´, R.T., 53, 67 Christensen, B., 110 545, 577 Cardelu´s, C.L., 542, 567 Christensen, K.M., 418, 419 Cortesaro, A.M., 527 Carey, 367, 399 Christou, P., 127, 128, 136, 179 Corvarrubias, R., 545 Carey, J.R., 358, 361, 367, 398 Clancy, K.M., 138, 139, 495, 496 Cory, J.S., 412 Carlson, J.C., 341 Claridge, M.F., 51, 55, 546, 566, 577 Costa, J.T., 73, 74, 75 Carlton, C.E., 9 Clark, D.A., 158 Costa, S.D., 141 Carolin, V.M., 139 Clark, D.B., 158 Cothran, M.L., 574 Caroll, C.R., 179 Clark, M.A., 175, 176, 177, 255, 325 Cothran, W.R., 211 Carpenter, J.M., 80 Clark, T.L., 513 Courtney, S.P., 164 Carr, D.E., 136 Clarke, G.L., 542, 550 Covarrubias, R., 545 Carreck, N.L., 91 Clausen, C.P., 17, 63 Covell, C.V., 105 Carrie`re, Y., 344, 345, 436 Clausen, T.P., 126 Cowles, H.C., 567 Carroll, M.J., 144 Clay, K., 233, 235 Cox-Foster, D.L., 92 Carroll, S.P., 173 Clay, T., 307 Craig, T.P., 39, 40, 63, 139, 165, 368, Carson, R., 263 Clayton, 323 419, 422, 424, 432 Carson,W.P., 156, 157 Clements, F.E., 444, 458 Cranston, P.S., 8, 100, 102, 104, 105, Carter, W., 18 Cleveland, L.R., 83 114, 249, 330 Casas, J., 512 Cloutier, C., 423 Crawley, M.J., 156, 503 Cassola, F., 550 Cobb, N.S., 138, 169, 417, 419 Crespi, B.J., 73, 80, 163 Casson, D.S., 566 Coddington, J.A., 540 Cronin, A.L., 75 Castells, E., 144 Codella, S.G., 75 Cronin, J.T., 434, 463 Casula, P., 287 Cody, M.L., 386 Cross, W.F., 105, 107 Catchpole, E.A., 506 Cole, B.J., 377, 459, 460, 461, 464, Croteau, R.B., 125 Cates, R.G., 122, 124, 142, 143, 145, 475 Crowl, T.A., 608 148, 571, 572 Cole, L.C., 387, 389, 390 Crutsinger, G.M., 472

Author index 767

Cruz, A., 332 209, 211, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, Eastop, V.F., 556, 557 Cuevas-Reyes, P., 547, 569 270, 275, 276, 288, 289, 290, 291, Eastwood, R., 231 Culver, D.C., 8 299, 341, 354, 385, 386, 429, Eberhard, W.G., 56 Cummins, K.W., 104, 109, 219 450, 468, 471, 496, 497, 503, Ebert, D., 330 Cunningham, B.M., 174 504, 505, 513, 517, 521, 522, Ebi, K.L., 594 Currie, C.R., 79, 227, 253, 255, 264 523, 524, 546 Edmunds, G.F., 169 Cushman, J.H., 242, 507 DeVries, P.J., 247 Edson, K.M., 330 Cutler, D., 240 Deyrup, M., 226 Edwards, L.J., 75 Di Giusto, B., 506 Edwards, P.B., 118, 120 Daane, K.M., 139 Diamond, J.M., 464 Eggleton, P., 559 Daehler, C.C., 144 Diamond, P., 213 Ehrenfeld, J., 608 Dajoz, R., 597 Dicke, M., 42, 68, 497, 498, 499, Ehrlich, P.R., 99, 121, 142, 172, 174, Dale, V.H., 458 527 177, 514 D’Aluisio, F., 18 Diffenbaugh, N.S., 612 Eichenseer, H., 126, 129 Damman, H., 109, 184, 187, 188, 203, Dill, L.M., 293 Eichler, W., 315 207, 208, 216 Dillon, R.J., 225 Eigenbrode, S.D., 116, 118, 120, 509 Damschen, E.I., 579 Dillon, V.M., 225 Eikenbary, R.D., 527 Danell, K., 139 Dingle, H., 30, 31, 33 Eikwort, G.C., 229 Danyk, T.P., 215 Dively, G.P., 128, 179 Eisikowitch, D., 237 Darchambeau, F., 107 Dixon, A.F.G., 102, 105, 107, 110, 113, Eisner, T., 3, 46, 47, 63, 126, 130, 131, Darwin, C., 47, 48, 49, 51, 61, 117, 118, 121, 166, 197, 233, 276, 216, 275 82, 205 409, 412, 422, 556, 557 Ekbom, B., 400 Darwin, F., 366 Djemai, I., 512 Elgar, M.A., 167 Davenport, D., 161 Doak, P., 506 Elgeuta, M., 545 Davidowitz, G., 556, 557 Do¨bel, H.G., 270, 276, 450 Elias, S.A., 587, 588 Davidson, D.W., 228, 233, 239, 242, Dobler, S., 493 Elias, T., 227 252, 253, 501 Dobson, A., 613 Elle, E., 117 Davies, N., 544, 545, 546, 577 Dobzhansky, T., 366, 552 Ellington, J., 92 Davies, N.B., 42, 53 Dodson, C.H., 553 Elliott, S.L., 330 Dawkins, R., 42, 320 Dodson, G., 52, 564 Ellison, A.M., 445, 464 Dawson, T.E., 118, 125 Douglas, A.E., 114, 115, 227 Ellner, S.P., 283 De Bach, P., 18 Doutt, R.L., 270 Elser, J.J., 105, 107, 611 De la Mora, A., 92 Dowd, P.F., 227 Elton, C., 188, 260, 329, 419, 444, 445, 447 De Moraes, C.M., 34, 497, 498, 499 Drake, J.A., 464 Ely, S., 127 DeAngelis, D.L., 258 Dressler, R.L., 553 Emlen, D.J., 51, 58, 59 DeBach, P., 214, 215, 297, 330, 468 Dritschilo, W., 545 Emlen, S.T., 57 Decaens, T., 90 Drosopoulos, S., 51, 55 Engel, M.S., 4, 6, 8, 63, 542, 573 DeClercq, P., 510 Dudgeon, D., 211 Engelberth, J., 127 Deepak, S.S., 142 Dufay¨, M., 243, 244 Engler, H.S., 129 Degenhardt, J., 531 Duffey, S.S., 197, 493, 527 English-Loeb, G., 512 Delannoy, C.A., 332 Duffy, J.E., 86, 290, 524 Enquist, B.J., 558 Demastes, J.W., 323 Dungey, H.S., 137 Entwistle, P.F., 127 Dempster, J.P., 355, 356, 411 Durvasula, R.V., 227, 265 Erlanson, C.O., 229 Denno, R.F., 10, 73, 75, 102, 105, 107, Dussourd, D.E., 119, 125, 126, 130, Erwin, T.C., 577 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 117, 131, 216 Erwin, T.L., 8, 577 125, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136, 137, Dwyer, G., 338 Espelie, K.E., 116, 118 138, 140, 152, 154, 155, 161, 163, Dyar, H.G., 377 Esper, J., 596 164, 166, 169, 180, 184, 185, 186, Dyck, V.A., 154 Eubanks, M.D., 16, 37, 89, 92, 136, 165, 187, 188, 190, 197, 198, 199, 200, Dyer, L.A., 129, 163, 168, 330, 508, 190, 209, 228, 231, 288, 501, 502, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 509, 516, 517, 521, 542 503, 504, 505, 507, 526, 608

768 Author index

Eugene, E.P., 563 Flannery, T., 594 Galil, J., 237 Evans, D.L., 45 Fleming, R.A., 596 Gallai, N., 18, 612 Evans, E.W., 212, 276, 291 Fleming, T.H., 229, 235 Gange, A.C., 226, 233, 436 Evans, W.G., 597 Fletcher, L.E., 75 Gardener, M.C., 506 Evens, D.L., 294 Floate, K.D., 171 Gardner, A., 85 Ewald, P.W., 316, 341 Folgarait, P.J., 88 Garrett, L., 340 Fonseca, C.R., 257, 258, 577 Gassmann, A.J., 510, 511 Faegri, K.L., 229, 247 Fontes, E.G., 423 Gaston, K.J., 8, 9, 436, 483, 542, 556, Faeth, S.H., 132, 134, 199, 412, 415, Foottit, R.G., 8 557, 558, 559, 563, 572 416 Forbes, A.A., 165 Gate, I.M., 142 Fagan, W.F., 105, 107, 114, 115, 157, Force, D.C., 213, 215 Gatehouse, A.G., 33 458 Fordyce, J.A., 166 Gauld, I.D., 558, 559 Fahey, J.W., 169 Forister, M.L., 591 Gaume, L., 245, 512 Fahrig, L., 613 Forkner, L.H., 522 Gause, G.F., 188, 189, 196, 256, 278, Fairbairn, D.J., 385 Forkner, R.E., 124, 133, 134, 424, 429, 279, 448 Fajer, E.D., 141 484 Gavin, D.G., 596 Falconer, D.S., 162 Forsberg, J., 164 Geber, M.A., 471 Farrell, B.D., 125, 159, 169, 174, 175, Fortuna, M.A., 260 Gehring, C.A., 233, 595, 603 177, 308, 324, 325, 573, 586, 587 Forys, E.A., 483 Genc, H., 401 Feder, J.L., 160, 165, 168, 173 Foster, K.R., 85, 87 Gennard, D., 401 Feeny, P.P., 116, 121, 122, 124, 134, Foster, M.A., 423 Gentry, A.H., 550 142, 143, 145, 169, 170, 421, 492, Foster, P.F., 484 Gentry, G., 163, 168 495, 569, 571 Foster, W.A., 80, 81 George, J.E., 331 Felton, G.W., 126, 129 Fox, J.W., 115 Gershenzon, J., 124, 138 Fernandes, G.W., 334, 542, 559, 566, Fraenkel, G., 121, 492 Gibbs, J.N., 230 568, 569 Fraser, L.H., 522 Gibson, C.W.D., 164 Ferna´ndez-Arhex, V., 272 Fredrick, J.F., 225 Giga, D.P., 187 Ferna´ndez-Marin, H., 79 Free, C.A., 282 Gilbert, L.E., 62, 118, 119, 258, 259, Ferry, N., 127, 136, 179 Freitas, A.V.L., 483 260, 263, 264 Fester, R., 225 Frey, K.J., 136 Gilg, O., 276 Feyereisen, R., 128 Frisch, K. von, 29, 76, 78 Giliomee, J.H., 264 Fiedler, A.K., 503, 566, 569 Fritz, A.-L., 247 Gill, S.S., 127 Filion, L., 423 Fritz, R.S., 133, 135, 136, 137, 173, Gilpin, M.E., 432, 434 Fincham, A., 8 178, 218 Ginzburg, L.R., 274, 276 Fincke, O.M., 212 Frost, B.J., 33 Gitay, H., 464 Fine, P.V.A., 148 Frost, C., 603 Gitlin, A.R., 419, 595 Fineblum, W.L., 145 Frost, C.J., 497 Givnish, T.G., 158 Finke, D.L., 221, 288, 289, 291, 341, Fry, J.D., 162, 168 Glantz, M.H., 137 450, 468, 513, 517, 524 Fudge, J., 74 Gleason, H.A., 444, 458 Fischer, A.G., 542, 550 Fujii, K., 188, 196, 202 Glynn, C., 149 Fischer, D.G., 474 Fukuda, H., 120 Gnanvossou, D., 289, 450 Fischer, K., 378, 394 Fukui, A., 217 Goddard, J., 18 Fischlin, A., 410, 413, 424 Fullard, J.H., 296 Godfray, H.C.J., 15, 16, 190, 296, Fishbein, M., 509 Funakoshi, S., 210 307, 317, 319, 326, 327, 338, Fisher, B.L., 239 Furniss, R.L., 139 469, 470 Fittkau, E.J., 88 Futuyma, D.J., 99, 144, 159, 160, 162, Goeden, R.D., 436, 479 Fitton, M.G., 308 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 447, 571 Goertzen, L.R., 117 Fitze, P.S., 330, 369 Goff, M.L., 401 Fitzgerald, T.D., 73, 75, 165 Gaffney, B.M., 450 Goldman, C.R., 519 Flanders, S.E., 305, 367, 376 Gagne, W.C., 566 Go´mez, J.M., 519

Author index 769

Gonc¸alves-Alvim, S.J., 140 Gutschick, V.P., 117 Haukioja, E., 125, 204, 412, 424, 427, Goodwin, B.J., 526 Guttman, S.I., 165 430 Gordon, D.M., 369 Gwynne, D.T., 55, 56, 62 Hawkins, B.A., 43, 65, 300, 333, 361, Gordon, R.F.S., 67 362, 363, 365, 368, 370, 426, 436, Gotelli, N.J., 464, 540, 578, 579 Haack, R.A., 138, 413, 417, 603 468, 471, 479, 555, 558, 561, 562, Gotthard, K., 396, 401 Haddad, N.M., 117, 118 572 Gouinguene, S., 500 Hafner, M.S., 323, 324 Hawksworth, D.L., 244, 307 Gould, F., 127, 179, 180 Hagerman, A.E., 124 Hawthorne, D.J., 162, 165, 167, 168 Gould, S.J., 310 Ha¨ggstro¨m, H., 496 Hay, M.E., 143 Goulden, M., 594 Haines, B.L., 88 Hayek, L.A.C., 357, 483, 539 Goulson, D., 612 Haines, W.P., 501 Hayes, C.N., 136 Goverde, M., 141 Hairston, N.G. Sr., 198, 207, 489, 490, Haynes, K.J., 434 Goyer, R.A., 167 514, 515, 517, 531, 625 Hazell, S.P., 394 Grafton-Cardwell, E.E., 270 Hairston, N.G. Jr., 490, 517 Heads, P.A., 506 Graham, M., 162 Hajek, A.E., 18, 168, 337, 468 He´bert, C., 393 Grant, A.K., 212 Halaj, J., 519, 520, 526, 532 Hebert, P.D.N., 566 Grant, V., 553 Haldane, J.B.S., 82 Heil, M., 240, 498, 506, 507, 508, 509 Gras, E.K., 133 Halitschke, R., 498 Heimpel, G.E., 529 Gratton, C., 170, 522, 525 Halkier, B.A., 124 Heinrich, B., 30 Grbic, M., 319 Hall, S.J., 459 Heinrich, G.H., 558 Greathead, D., 68 Hamba¨ck, P.A., 155, 156 Heinz, K.M., 213, 215 Greatorex-Davies, J.N., 483 Hamilton, J.G., 140, 147 Heithaus, E.R., 228, 561 Greef, J.A., 59 Hamilton, W.D., 82, 83, 248, 249 Helden, A.J., 545, 547 Green, T.R., 125 Hance, T., 524 Helio¨vaara, K., 142, 611 Greenfield, M.D., 42, 59 Handel, S.N., 501, 506 Hemingway, R.W., 124 Greenstone, M.S., 435 Hanifa, A.M., 117 Hemminga, M.A., 140 Gregoire, J.C., 129 Hanks, L.M., 169, 503 Hemptinne, J.L., 187 Grenfell, B., 336 Hansen, S.K., 230 Henderson, P.A., 357, 448, 483, 539 Grenier, A.-M., 227 Hanski, I. A, 211, 215, 432, 433, 434, Hendrichs, J., 68 Grevstad, F.S., 513 566, 610 Hendrickx, F., 580 Griffin, C.A.M., 516 Hanson, P.E., 102, 168 Herbers, J.M., 82, 86, 87, 330 Griffiths, G.J.K., 291 Harborne, J.B., 121, 122, 123, 124 Herms, D.A., 107, 142, 148, 149, 150, Grimaldi, D., 4, 6, 8, 63, 542, 573 Hardy, I.C.W., 213, 215 151 Grime, J.P., 522 Hare, J.D., 83, 117, 180, 509, 510, 511, Herrera, C.M., 99, 159, 169 Grinnell, J., 188, 447, 448 528 Hespenheide, H.A., 560 Grissell, E., 9, 180, 613 Harley, J.L., 235 Hickman, C.P., 28 Groot, A.T., 527 Harper, J.L., 573 Hicks, W.M., 117, 118 Gross, P., 102, 171, 332, 468, 572 Harrington, T.C., 227 Higashi, M., 79, 115 Grostal, P., 68, 512 Harris, K.F., 18, 316 Higley, L.G., 150 Gruenhagen, N.M., 510 Harrison, S., 185, 429, 433, 434 Hildebrand, J.G., 510, 597 Gruner, D.S., 509, 515, 517, 522, 611 Hart, B.L., 335 Hilker, M., 500 Guerenstein, P.G., 597 Hartley, S.E., 603 Hill, D., 539 Guerrieri, E., 499, 500 Hartmann, T., 129 Hille Ris Lambers, J., 158 Guershon, M., 114, 490, 501 Hartvigsen, G., 522 Hillebrand, H., 611 Gullan, P.J., 8, 100, 102, 104, 105, 114, Harvey, C.T., 92, 204, 288, 291 Hillstrom, M.L., 598 249, 330 Harvey, J.A., 493, 494 Hilt, N., 569 Guo, Y., 276 Hasegawa, P.W., 140 Hines, J., 152, 153 Gurr, M., 152, 179, 180, 299 Haslam, E., 124 Hinks, W.D., 309, 308, 310, 550 Gustafson, R., 594 Hassell, M.P., 68, 168, 200, 207, 208, Hlivko, J.T., 516 Guthrie, F.E., 130 215, 273, 281, 282, 356 Ho, L.C., 75

770 Author index

Hochberg, M.E., 205 Hung, C.F., 128 Jing, S.W., 148 Ho´dar, J.A., 596 Hunt, J.H., 85, 86 Joern, A., 109, 110, 163 Hodkinson, I.D., 565, 566 Hunter, A.F., 168, 412, 431 Johnson, C.A., 330 Hodson, A.C., 411 Hunter, M.D., 110, 113, 124, 133, 134, Johnson, C.G., 30, 33 Hoekstra, R.F., 387 140, 141, 196, 197, 217, 219, 354, Johnson, D.M., 401 Hoffman, C.A., 179 360, 409, 410, 422, 423, 424, 429, Johnson, M.L., 516 Hogarth, W.L., 213 472, 521, 522, 598, 599, 600, 603, Johnson, M.T.J., 133 Ho¨glund, S., 334 613 Johnson, N.F., 6, 100, 233, 249, 251 Hoikkala, A., 51 Hunter, M.R., 613 Johnson, R.H., 450 Holdridge, L.R., 416, 417, 542, 552, Hurd, L.E., 517 Johnson, R.M., 92 563, 565 Huss-Danell, K., 139 Johnson, W.T., 101, 139 Hole, H.G., 297 Hutchinson, G.E., 188, 189, 190, 207, Johnston, D.W., 572 Holland, J.N., 229, 235, 257, 506, 507, 256, 447, 450 Jolivet, P.H., 75 508 Huxley, C.R., 240 Jones, C.G., 526 Holland, R.A., 31 Huxley, J., 48 Jones, J.A., 90 Ho¨lldobler, B., 9, 76, 77, 79, 85, 87, 88, Jones, M.E., 142 209, 239, 240, 241, 242, 247, 252, Ikeda, T., 133 Jones, S.A., 110 253, 400, 508, 512, 550 Inbar, M., 102, 113, 138, 187, 200, 204, Jones, T.H., 141, 598, 603 Holleman, L.J.M., 593 208, 217 Jonsson, M., 505 Holling, C.S., 271, 273, 274, 284, 285 Inoue, T., 561 Joshi, A., 162 Hollinger, D.Y., 603 Inouye, B., 173 Jousselin, E., 232 Holm, 254 Inouye, D.W., 246, 247 Juenger, T., 174 Holopainen, J.K., 141 Irvin, N.A., 506 Juliano, S.A., 550 Holt, R.D., 187, 188, 288, 291 Irwin, R.E., 247, 260 Julia˜o, G.R., 546 Holway, D.A., 92, 93, 209, 221 Ishikawa, R., 400 Juniper, B.E., 116 Holyoak, M., 549 Istock, C.A., 383, 384 Jutsum, A.R., 67 Hori, K., 132 Itino, T., 175 Horstman, K., 88 Iverson, T.M., 108 Kahl, J., 498 Horvitz, C.C., 88, 506 Ives, A.R., 218, 287, 288, 291 Kainulainen, P., 141 Hosokawa, T., 175 Kaitaniemi, P., 204 Houghton, J.T., 591 Jackson, S.T., 588, 590, 591 Kakutani, T., 561 Howard, D.J., 16 Jaeger, N., 236 Kalin-Arroyo, M.T., 307 Howarth, R.W., 137 Jaenike, J., 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, Kamata, K., 427, 429 Howe, H.F., 158, 159 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170 Kamata, N., 412, 419 Hower, A.A., 118, 119 Jalali, B.L., 127 Kaplan, I., 10, 89, 109, 126, 164, 184, Hoyle, A.M., 125 Jang, E.B., 67 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 197, 199, Hsiao, T.C., 138 Janssen, A., 516 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, Huang, H.T., 92 Janz, N., 102, 160 208, 209, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, Hubbell, S.P., 549 Janzen, D.H., 157, 158, 236, 239, 306, 354, 496, 509, 526 Huberty, A.F., 102, 105, 107, 108, 111, 308, 508, 509, 512, 557, 558, 561, Kappers, I.F., 531 113, 136, 137, 138, 140, 200, 386, 562 Karban, R., 108, 121, 122, 125, 126, 417 Jarvis, J.U.M., 86 127, 128, 129, 130, 133, 143, 166, Huey, R.B., 288 Jean, K.W., 235 169, 174, 187, 197, 204, 205, 207, Huffaker, C.B., 157, 214, 215, 282, 283, Jeffries, M.J., 162, 187, 189 208, 299, 492, 493, 512, 513 319 Jenzen, D.H., 228, 549 Karchesy, J.J., 124 Hughes, L., 224, 228 Jeon, K.W., 235 Kareiva, P., 152, 154, 155, 156, 166, Hughes, W.O.H., 57, 87 Jervis, M.A., 367, 375, 376, 386, 503, 284, 454, 512 Hull, F.M., 557 529 Karlson, B., 401 Hull, L.A., 133 Jeschke, J.M., 272 Karlsson, B., 369 Hull-Sanders, H.M., 136 Jetter, R., 118, 120 Kause, A., 109

Author index 771

Kawakita, A., 175 Korzukhin, M.D., 93 Lambin, X., 412, 425 Kay, A., 507 Koss, A.M., 218 Lamp, W.O., 105 Kearsley, M.J.C., 423 Ko¨ssi, S., 141 Landis, D.A., 180, 299, 503, 528 Keating, S.T., 423 Kost, C., 498, 506 Langellotto, G.A., 155, 180, 299, 386, Keeler, K.H., 257 Kotanen, P.M., 145 450, 513 Keeling, C.I., 125, 126, 130, 132, 145 Kotze, D.J., 475, 476 Langenheim, J.H., 125, 145 Keeling, M., 336 Kouki, J., 557 Lanier, G.N., 67 Keenlyside, J., 117 Kozlov, M.V., 435, 598, 611 Lanzoni, A., 369 Keese, M.C., 144, 159, 160, 162, 172, Kptur, S., 506 Lapola, D.M., 233, 241 173, 174 Kraaijeveld, A.R., 296, 326, 327 Lara, A.C.F., 566 Keesing, F., 525 Kramer, A.M., 353 Larsen, A., 92 Keil, P., 555, 557 Kranz, J., 156 Larson, K.C., 113, 217 Keller, L., 93 Krasnov, B.R., 214, 330 Larsson, S., 138, 496 Kelly, A., 594 Krebs, C.J., 357, 404, 412, 448, 483, Laurance, W.F., 610 Kelly, C.K., 475 539 Lauzon, C.R., 227 Kennedy, C.E.J., 121 Krebs, J.R., 42 Lawler, J.J., 609 Kennedy, G.C., 117, 118, 120, 510, 528 Kremen, C., 226 Lawrence, K.L., 521 Kennedy, G.G., 136 Kreutzweiser, D.P., 484 Lawrence, R., 133 Kennett, C.E., 157, 215 Krips, O.E., 68 Lawton, J.H., 162, 185, 187, 189, 200, Kent, D.S., 81 Krischick, V.A., 133 207, 208, 409, 415, 425, 452, 461, Kergoat, G.J., 176 Krishna, K., 80 470, 503, 506, 507, 541, 542, 545, Kerner, A., 507 Kriticos, D.J., 450 571, 572, 577 Kerr, W.E., 77 Kruess, A., 264, 580 Lax, A.R., 93 Kessler, A., 121, 122, 125, 127, 144, Kruft, R.A., 557 Leather, S.R., 30, 105, 107, 108, 109, 179, 201, 221, 498 Krupa, J.J., 290 110, 113, 114, 133, 136, 137, 178, Kessler, D., 497 Kruyt, W., 28 366, 367, 394, 401, 545, 547, 571 Keven, P.G., 263 Kukalova´-Peck, J., 4, 6, 8 LeBrun, E.G., 209 Khoo, K.C., 92 Kullenberg, B., 247 Lederhouse, R.C., 294, 629 Kingsolver, J.G., 383 Kunimi, Y., 215 Lee, J.J., 225 Kirby, P., 102, 104 Kurashige, N.S., 126 Lee, J.R., 164 Kislow, C.J., 75 Kuris, A.M., 306 Lee, L., 506 Kjellberg, F., 237 Kuske, C.R., 595 Lee, Y.I., 121 Kleijn, D., 264 Kusnezov, M., 550 Lees, D.C., 567 Klein, A.M., 91 Kuussaari, M., 164, 433 Lehane, M., 18 Klemola, T., 428 Kyto¨, M., 107 Lehman, C.C., 127 Klepetka, B.W., 513 Leibold, M.A., 449 Klimetzek, D., 405, 406, 419 Labandeira, C.C., 4, 5, 100, 584, 585, Lensing, J.K., 521 Klinge, H., 88 586, 587 Lenski, R.E., 235 Klingenberg, C.P., 394 Lach, L., 506, 507 Lerdau, M., 122, 147 Kloet, G.S., 308, 309, 310, 550 Lack, D., 260, 329 Lerdau, M.T., 137 Klopfer, P.H., 42 Lacy, R.C., 164 Leroux, S.J., 525 Klug, M.J., 109 Lafferty, K.D., 306 LeRoy, C.J., 474 Knight, T.M., 341 Lagaspi, J.C., 369 Letourneau, D.K., 508, 516, 517, 518 Knipling, E.F., 65 Laine, A.-L., 433 Levin, D.A., 117, 509, 545 Kogan, M., 453 Laine, K.J., 229 Levin, S.A., 447, 454 Kohler, F., 580 Laing, J.E., 214 Levins, R., 194, 196, 447, 448 Kopper, B.J., 244 Lake, P.S., 562 Lewinsohn, E., 126 Koptur, S., 506, 507 Lalonde, R.G., 502 Lewinsohn, T.M., 260, 444, 471, 549 Koricheva, J., 138, 147, 155, 156, 208, Lamb, R.J., 197 Lewis, A.C., 36 216, 219, 611 Lambert, L., 118 Lewis, D., 523

772 Author index

Lewis, K.C., 144 Luck, R.F., 213, 214, 215, 272 Masters, G.J., 208 Lewis, L.C., 233, 265 Lugo, A.E., 88 Matadha, D., 368, 369 Lewis, W.J., 34, 528 Lukefahr, M.J., 506, 530 Mathews, C.R., 92, 529, 530 Lewontin, R.C., 391 Luque, G.M., 458 Matsuda, R., 386 Li, J.-B., 369 Lussier, S.M., 610 Matsumura, F., 121 Li, W., 128 Lynch, A.M., 414 Matsumura, M., 105, 106, 115 Li, X., 400 Lynch, M.E., 201, 221 Mattiacci, L., 498, 500 Liadouze, I., 114, 115 Lyon, H.H., 101, 139 Mattila, H.R., 606 Liebherr, J.K., 56, 455 Lytle, D.A., 379 Mattson, W.J., 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, Liebhold, A.M., 353, 411, 412, 420, 138, 142, 148, 149, 150, 151, 413, 421, 549, 596, 606, 607 MacArthur, R.H., 194, 196, 366, 388, 417, 422, 574, 600, 601, 602, 603, Liebig, J., 354 454, 459, 541, 543, 544 604, 605 Light, D.M., 200 MacDonald, K.S., 86, 87 Matzinger, D.F., 178 Lill, J.T., 185, 217, 218, 491, 496 MacFarlane, J.H., 109 Mauricio, R., 143, 145 Lima, S.L., 293 Mackauer, M., 215 Mawdsley, N.A., 102 Limburg, D.D., 506 MacKay, T.F.C., 162 May, R.M., 194, 195, 196, 215, 256, Lincoln, D.E., 133, 150 MacMahon, J.A., 88 257, 260, 282, 336, 337, 338, 549 Lindeman, R.L., 444, 490 Madden, D., 89 Mayer, R.T., 200 Lindgren, E., 594 Madritch, M.D., 472, 474 Mayhew, P.J., 161 Lindroth, R.L., 140, 147, 598 Magalhaes, S., 289 Maynard Smith, J., 82 Lingren, P.D., 506, 530 Magura, T., 574 Mayntz, D., 109 Linn, C., 15 Mahdjoub, T., 384, 400 Mayr, E., 319 Linsenmair, K.E., 50, 506 Maines, L.W., 124, 128 Mazucato, M., 561 Liu, Z., 368, 369 Majer, J.D., 458 McCain, C.M., 567 Lloyd, D.G., 227 Malcolm, S.B., 122 McCall, P.J., 500 Lobo, J.M., 545 Maloof, J.E., 247 McCarty, J.P., 140 Lockwood, J.A., 220, 396 Maloy, O.C., 316 McClure, M.S., 133, 189, 197, 198, 199, Lockwood, J.L., 606, 609 Mansour, M.M.F., 140 200, 201, 206, 207, 449 Logan, J.A., 524, 596 Ma¨ntyla¨, E., 500, 501 McCormick, S.J., 311, 313 Lojewski, N.R., 474 Mao, C.X., 540 McCoy, E.D., 544, 547, 549, 566 Lombardero, M.J., 596 Maramorosch, K., 18, 316 McCullough, D.G., 423, 597 Lomic, P.V., 423 Marczak, L.B., 525 McDonald, E.P., 141 Lomolino, M.V., 552, 563 Margulis, L., 225 McFadyen, A., 114 Longino, J.T., 540 Marino, P.C., 229, 299 McFerson, J.K., 136 Loomis, W.E., 148 Marples, M.J., 310 McGeoch, M.A., 197, 356, 436, 580 Loreau, M., 525, 549 Marques, E.S.deA., 154 McGill, B., 258 Lorio, P.L., 138 Marquis, R.J., 121, 156, 185, 217, 218, McKay, P.A., 197 Losey, J.E., 18, 20, 128, 219, 221, 226, 429, 496, 512 McKenna, D.D., 586, 587 261, 263, 290 Marshall, S.D., 289 McKey, D., 142, 143, 237, 240, 506, Losos, J.B., 203 Martel, J., 140 508, 509 Lotka, A.J., 190, 191, 196, 277 Martens, M.J.M., 594 McKie, B.G., 557, 562 Lou, Y.G., 500 Martin, J.S., 124, 128 McKinney, M.L., 609 Loucks, O.L., 571, 573, 602 Martin, M.M., 115, 124, 128, 227, 244 McLaughlin, J.F., 483 Louda, S.M., 44, 156, 298, 436, 454, 608 Martinez, J.-J.Y., 139 McLean, I.F.G., 355, 356 Lounibos, L.P., 435 Martin-Piera, F., 545 McLennan, D.A., 330 Lovett, G.M., 580 Martius, C., 90 McLeod, J.M., 388 Lovinger, A., 510 Maslin, P.E., 219 McMillin, J.D., 435 Loye, J.E., 330, 332, 334 Mason, C.F., 578, 579 McNeil, J.N., 335 Lucas, E., 212 Mason, R.R., 411, 412 McNeill, S., 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, Lucas, P.W., 116 Massey, F.P., 117, 124, 125 111, 113, 114, 425

Author index 773

McPeek, M.A., 549 Moles, A.T., 158 Nabhan, G.P., 263 McPhail, J.D., 203 Molyneux, D.H., 614 Nabokov, V.V., 63 Mechaber, W.L., 510 Mondor, E.B., 140 Nadel, H., 498 Medina, R.F., 496 Montandon, R., 217 Nakai, M., 215 Meehan, C.J., 501, 508 Mooers, A.O., 160 Nakamura, M., 185, 217, 218 Meiners, T., 500 Moon, D.C., 140 Nakano, S., 525 Meixner, M.D., 91 Mooney, H.A., 134 Nakashima, Y., 289 Melis, C., 574 Mooney, K.A., 492, 532 Nakasuji, F., 120 Memmott, J., 469, 470 Moore, D., 117, 336 Nalepa, C.A., 249 Menge, B.A., 522, 524 Moore, J., 330, 334, 335 Naranjo, S.E., 502 Menges, E.S., 433 Moore, J.C., 232, 245 Nardon, P., 227 Menninger, H.L., 610 Moore, P.D., 444 Nathan, R., 158 Menu, F., 384, 400 Mopper, S., 63, 137, 138, 140, 169, 419 Nault, L.R., 75, 316 Menzel, P., 18 Moraes, S.C., 508 Naumann, I.O., 379 Mercer, R.D., 8 Moran, M.D., 289, 517, 522 Naylor, R.L., 612 Merlin, J., 187 Moran, N.A., 121, 175, 204, 230, 325, Nealis, V.G., 423 Merriam, C.H., 416, 542 400 Negeiros, D., 334 Merritt, R.W., 104, 219 Moran, P.A.P., 420 Neilsen, M.M., 410 Merz, B., 565 Moreau, C.S., 252, 253, 435 Nelson, E.H., 293, 516 Messenger, P.S., 199 Moreno, G., 160 Nelson, J.M., 213, 215 Messina, F.J., 89, 139, 218, 513 Morgan, E.D., 77 Ness, J.H., 507 Metcalf, R.A., 18, 20, 401 Morikawa, H., 142 Neuvonen, S., 545 Metcalf, R.L., 18, 20, 401 Morin, P.J., 187, 444, 447, 449 New, T.R., 75 Mewis, I., 126 Moriya, O., 115 Nichols, C.I., 152, 180 Michaud, D., 127 Morris, 11, 360, 417 Nichols, E., 580 Michaud, J.P., 212 Morris, R.F., 11, 357, 358, 359, Nichols, O.G., 458 Michener, C.D., 73, 557, 561 360, 407, 410, 415, 416, 417, Nicholson, A.J., 185, 186, 279, 280, Midgley, J.J., 506 425 356, 426 Mihaliak, C.A., 150 Morris, W.F., 232, 247, 258 Nicolson, S.W., 30 Miller, C.A., 357, 358, 359, 360 Morrison, G., 560 Niemela¨, P.N., 204, 229, 545, 572, 603, Miller, J.C., 102, 168 Morrison, L.W., 93, 209, 545 605 Miller, J.S., 176 Morse, D.H., 42 Nijhout, H.F., 51, 59 Miller, R.S., 205 Moss, D., 483 Nilssen, A.C., 420 Miller, T.A., 114, 184 Motomori, K., 108, 109, 117 Nilsson, L.A., 247 Mills, N.J., 321 Mouritsen, H., 33 Ninkovic, V., 500 Millstein, R.L., 87 Mueller, U.G., 77 Nishida, R., 493 Milner, A.M., 458 Mu¨ller, C., 129, 393 Nisimura, T., 369 Minkenberg, O.P.J.M., 109 Mu¨ller, C.B., 15, 16, 190 Niwa, S., 521 Mira, A., 114, 510 Mu¨nster-Swendsen, M., 410, 425 Njoka, S.W., 400 Mitchell-Olds, T., 144 Murakami, M., 525 Noble, E.R., 319 Mitter, C., 99, 105, 159, 160, 168, 169, Muratori, F., 36 Noble, G.A., 319 175, 176, 177, 178, 308, 324, 325, Murdoch, W.W., 273, 282, 284, 330, Nomikou, M., 516 573 356, 514 Nordlund, D.A., 42, 43, 65 Miyashita, T., 521, 526 Murphy, S.M., 170 Norghauer, J.M., 158 Moczek, A.P., 51 Murray, T.D., 316 Norris, D.M., 254 Mode, C.J., 172 Musolin, D.L., 402 Norris, R.F., 178, 179, 180 Mody, K., 506 Musser, R.O., 129 Norton, A.P., 289, 512, 513 Moffett, M.W., 121 Mutikainen, P., 147 Nosil, P., 160 Mogi, M., 210 Myers, J.H., 18, 116, 117, 339, 411, Nothnagle, P.J., 412 Mole, S., 44, 124 412, 413, 416, 420 Novotny, V., 547, 554

774 Author index

Nowlin, W.H., 525 Paine, T.D., 130, 132, 142, 201 Philippi, T.E., 162 Nuckolls, A.E., 608 Painter, R.H., 121 Phillips, M.A., 125 Nufio, C.R., 187, 213, 215 Paleg, L.G., 138 Phillips, O.L., 595 Nutting, W.B., 311 Palmer, M.A., 109 Phillips, T.L., 100 Nydam, M.L., 294 Paoletti, M.G., 127, 128, 179 Philpott, S.M., 92, 484 Nyka¨nen, H., 208, 216, 219 Papaj, D.R., 36, 164, 165, 187, 213, Pianka, E.R., 288, 366, 552 Nylin, S., 401 215 Pichersky, E., 497 Nyman, T., 168, 324 Pare´, P.W., 497 Pickett, C.H., 528 Park, T., 211 Pickett, S.T.A., 433, 571, 574 Oaten, A., 273, 284 Parker, 60, 61 Pierce, N.E., 75, 167, 228, 232, 243, Obrycki, J.J., 527 Parker, G.A., 60, 61 244 O’Callaghan, M., 127 Parker, L., 229 Pike, N., 80 Ode, P.J., 493 Parker, T.J., 597 Pillips, T.P., 263 Ødegaard, F., 8, 102, 105 Parmesan, C., 167, 171, 591, Pilson, D., 171, 172, 217 O’Dowd, D.J., 155, 228, 505, 506, 512, 594, 611 Pimentel, D., 343, 468, 470, 614 606 Parry, D., 167 Pimm, S.L., 171, 446, 470, 503 Odum, E.P., 260, 366, 458, 542, 571, 572 Parzer, H.F., 51 Pinto, J.D., 320 Oerke, E.C., 100, 156 Passoa, S., 177 Pirozinski, K.A., 244 Offenberg, J., 507 Pasteels, J.M., 129 Piscart, C., 574 Ogle, K., 418 Pasteur, G., 294, 629 Pitelka, F.A., 563 Ohgushi, T., 11, 14, 43, 114, 168, 197, Pathak, M.D., 117 Pitnick, S., 394 217, 218, 219, 229, 354, 360, 424 Paton, T.R., 88 Podoler, H., 213, 214, 215 Ohnuma, N., 212 Pearce, M.J., 90 Polis, G.A., 114, 137, 212, 288, 311, Oksanen, J., 142 Pearl, R., 353 313, 478, 479, 480, 481, 490, 508, Oksanen, L., 489, 515, 522 Pearson, D.E., 608 514, 515, 517, 519, 521, 525, 526 Olden, J.D., 609 Pearson, D.L., 550 Pollan, M., 612 Oliveira, P.S., 227, 228, 240, 506 Pearson, J.F.W., 561 Pollard, E., 483 Oliveira-Filho, A.T., 227 Peckarsky, B.L., 293, 393, 516 Poole, R.W., 121 Oliver, K.M., 334 Pedigo, L.P., 65, 67 Poppy, G.M., 527 Oliver, T.H., 506 Peel, A.J., 75 Porter, E., 555 Olmstead, K.L., 200, 275 Peeters, P., 116, 117, 124, 133 Porter, S.D., 93, 608 Opler, P.A., 461, 462, 464, 475, 476, Pellmyr, O., 99, 159, 169, 174, 229, Poulin, R., 307, 330 545, 577 232, 235, 236, 238, 244, 245, 246 Poulton, J.E., 126 Orians, C.M., 133, 135, 136, 137 Pemberton, R.W., 506 Powell, J.A., 105 Oring, L.W., 57 Pendland, J.C., 330 Power, M.E., 515, 522, 525 Orions, C.M., 143 Pennings, S.C., 143 Prada, M., 597 Orr, M.R., 93 Percy, D.M., 175 Prado, P.I., 444, 471 Osbrink, W.L.A., 93 Percy, K.E., 140, 141, 147 Prasad, R.P., 288, 292 Ostfeld, R.S., 226, 525, 526 Perfect, T.J., 450 Preisser, E.L., 293, 294, 299, 517, 521, O¨ stman, O., 218 Perker, L., 233 523 Otis, G.W., 606 Perkins, M.C., 105 Prestidge, R.A., 108, 113 Otte, D., 163 Perring, T.M., 510 Preszler, R.W., 360, 367 Ouin, A., 546, 547 Petchey, O.L., 290 Price, P.W., 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, 21, 36, 38, Overpeck, S.T., 588, 591 Peter, A.J., 117 39, 42, 43, 44, 53, 109, 136, 137, Ovington, J.D., 571 Peterman, R.M., 600 138, 139, 154, 161, 166, 171, 185, Owen, D.F., 558 Peters, R.H., 310 186, 199, 200, 225, 226, 230, 234, Owen, J., 558 Peterson, M.A., 111, 197 237, 239, 260, 261, 262, 286, 306, Peterson, R.K., 150 309, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, 317, Pacala, S.W., 282, 553 Peterson, R.K.D., 361 320, 321, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, Page, R.D.M., 321, 322, 330 Pfannenstiel, R.S., 501, 506 330, 340, 352, 354, 360, 361, 367,

Author index 775

368, 388, 390, 391, 396, 397, 398, Raven, P.H., 99, 120, 121, 142, 172, Roininen, H., 139 407, 409, 412, 416, 417, 419, 422, 174, 177 Roitberg, B.D., 117 424, 427, 428, 429, 431, 432, 433, Ray, C., 340 Roland, J., 613 436, 444, 447, 449, 452, 458, 466, Reader, P.M., 569, 571 Romdal, T.S., 567, 569 467, 489, 495, 496, 521, 522, 531, Readshaw, J.L., 409 Romeis, J., 528 540, 542, 545, 552, 557, 558, 559, Redfern, M., 304, 409 Romero, G.Q., 510, 512 568, 571, 572, 577 Redman, A.M., 204, 208 Romero-Alcaraz, E., 566 Pringle, R.M., 90 Reed, L.J., 353 Root, R.B., 10, 13, 45, 100, 152, 155, Pritchard, G., 108 Rees, C.J.C., 115 156, 157, 166, 444, 445, 447, 454, Pritchard, J.R., 203 Reeve, J.D., 425, 427 467, 505, 528 Proctor, M., 229 Rehr, S.S., 144, 239, 509 Ro¨se, U.S.R., 498, 506 Prokopy, R.J., 42, 66, 164, 165 Reichert, S.E., 298 Rosen, D., 297 Prokrym, D.R., 513 Reitz, S.R., 213, 221 Rosenheim, J.A., 221, 288, 289, 396, Pschorn-Walcher, H., 572 Rensch, B., 386, 387 506, 517, 524 Pulkkinen, K., 330 Renwick, J.A.A., 130, 132, 169 Rosenthal, G.A., 45, 121, 128, 135, 143 Punju, E., 433 Requena, G.S., 75 Rosenthal, J.P., 145 Purrington, C. B., 144 Resh, V.H., 574 Rosenzweig, M.L., 538, 547, 549, 552, Purvis, A., 290 Restidge, R.A., 108 553, 554, 555, 556, 557 Pyke, S.R., 579 Reuter, O.M., 305 Roskam, J.C., 315, 316 Rey, J.R., 152, 154, 457 Roslin, T., 475, 476 Quek, S.-P., 231 Reynolds, B.C., 603 Ross, H.H., 17, 448 Queller, D.C., 87 Rhoades, D.F., 122, 124, 142, 143, 145, Ross, K.G., 93 Quicke, D.L., 319, 557 571 Rossi, A.M., 169, 522 Quintana-Ascencio, P.F., 433 Rhymer, J.M., 606 Rossiter, J.T., 126 Richardson, J.S., 219 Rosumek, F.B., 508 Radhika, V., 507 Richards, M.H., 75 Rothschild, M., 307, 580 Radtkey, R., 164 Richardson, S.J., 525 Rott, A.S., 470 Raffa, K.F., 75, 126, 132, 216, 595, 602 Rickers, S., 289 Roubik, D.W., 556, 557, 561 Raffel, T.R., 269 Ricklefs, R.E., 260, 549 Roy, D.B., 483, 591, 592 Ragland, G.J., 383 Rickson, F.R., 239, 508 Roy, M., 287 Ragsdale, D.W., 400 Rico-Gray, V., 227, 228, 240 Royama, T., 352, 356, 368, 410, 415, Raman, A., 113 Ridgeway, R.L., 67 423 Ramirez, B.W., 237 Risch, S.J., 155, 508 Rubenstein, D.I., 59 Ramirez, R.A., 291 Ritland, D.B., 295 Ruberson, J.R., 502 Rand, T.A., 156, 454, 613 Robbins, C.T., 124 Rubinoff, D., 501 Ranger, C.M., 118, 119 Robinson, A., 68 Rudgers, J.A., 136, 232, 245, 506 Rank, N.E., 495 Robinson, G.S., 226, 227 Ruhren, S., 501, 506 Rankin, L.J., 201 Roda, A., 289 Rull, J., 66 Rashbrook, V.K., 245, 506 Roderick, G.K., 152, 197 Ruohoma¨ki, K., 410, 419, 420, 428 Rasmann, S., 499, 500 Rodgerson, L., 159 Rutledge, C.E., 118, 125, 299 Rastogi, N., 506 Rodman, J.E., 161 Rutter, M.T., 232, 507 Ratcliffe, J.M., 294 Rodriguez, J.G., 422 Ruuhola, T., 200 Rathcke, B.J., 121, 558 Rodriguez-Saona, C., 500 Ryall, K.L., 613 Ratnieks, F.L.W., 91 Roelofs, W.L., 53 Ryan, C.A., 124, 125 Ratzka, A., 129 Roff, D.A., 385, 387, 395, 396, 571 Rypstra, A.L., 86, 289, 516 Raubenheimer, D., 107, 109, 110 Rogers, C.A., 332 Raupp, M.J., 109, 116, 121, 133, 155, Rogers, C.E., 140 Sabelis, M.W., 37, 498, 507 180, 208, 299 Rogers, W.E., 144 Sabo, J.L., 525 Rausher, M.D., 143, 145, 173, 232 Rohani, P., 282 Sachs, J.L., 247 Raven, J.A., 107, 130 Rohlf, F.J., 203 Sadasivam, S., 136

776 Author index

Sahakian, R., 512 Sernander, R., 228 Small, E., 117 Saint-Germain, M., 597 Service, M., 18 Smallwood, J., 158, 159 Sakai, S., 243, 244 Setala, H., 521 Smilanich, A.M., 495 Salminen, J.-P., 133 Settle, W.H., 180, 187, 190, 201, 291, Smith, 378, 546 Samson, D.A., 88 292, 526 Smith, C.W., 124 Samways, M.J., 9, 68, 220, 264, 401, Sewell, G., 212 Smith, D.R., 557 436, 483, 574, 579, 609, 611 Seybold, S.J., 130, 132 Smith, D.S., 544, 545, 577 Sanders, N.J., 369, 567 Seyffarth, J.A.S., 597 Smith, F.E., 531, 625 Sandoval, C.P., 163 Sezer, M., 162 Smith, J.J., 324 Sapp, J., 225 Shade, J.D., 105 Smith, K.E., 211 Sassi, C., 334 Shanower, T.G., 117 Smith, M.A., 87, 308, 311, 561, Sauer, C., 252, 255 Shapiro, A.M., 591 562 Savignano, D.A., 608 Shavit, A., 87 Smith, R.H., 187 Sawada, H., 360 Shaw, M.R., 330, 376 Smith, R.L., 376, 377, 379 Saxon, M.E., 141 Shea, N., 68 Smith, V.H., 338 Schaffner, U., 393 Sheehan, W., 572 Smith, W.J., 42 Scheffrahn, R.H., 93 Shein, K.A., 137 Snyder, W.E., 212, 218, 287, 288, 291, Scheidler, A.R., 522 Shelford, V.E., 354, 458, 570 292, 516, 517, 524 Schellhorn, N.A., 276 Shelly, T.E., 59 So, P.-M., 211 Schemske, D.W., 88, 247, 506 Sherrifs, M.F., 216 Sober, E., 82 Schenk, D., 273, 275 Shimoda, T., 499 Sokol-Hessner, L., 287, 291 Scheu, S., 521, 526 Shirley, P., 304 Sol, D., 330 Schile, L., 137, 140 Shonle, I., 136, 143, 173 Solbreck, C., 409 Schluter, D., 160, 203 Short, R.A., 219 Solomon, M.E., 270, 356 Schmelz, E.A., 499 Showler, A.T., 432 Soluk, D.A., 219, 290 Schmidt, J.O., 45, 294 Shreve, T.G., 578, 579 Sondheimer, E., 43, 421 Schmidt, O., 228 Shrewsbury, P.M., 155, 180, 299 Sota, T., 400 Schmitz, O.J., 287, 291, 293, 294, Shugart, H.H., 571 Southwood, 111, 476 299, 515, 516, 519, 520, 522, Shurin, J.B., 515, 519, 611 Southwood, T.R.E., 100, 105, 107, 108, 524, 532 Shuster, S.M., 28, 51, 54, 57, 58, 475 109, 110, 113, 114, 116, 121, 357, Schoener, T.W., 47, 185, 433, 517, 524 Siemann, E., 144 384, 448, 465, 475, 483, 509, 539, Scholtz, C.H., 250, 252, 253 Sih, A., 37, 110, 286, 290 569, 571 Schroder, D., 545 Silander, J.A., 158 Sparks, T.H., 591, 592, 593 Schroeder, F.C., 46 Simberloff, D.S., 132, 457, 459, 541, Sparling, G.P., 580 Schuler, M.A., 128 547, 548, 549, 606 Speight, M.R., 100, 106, 185, 191, Schultz, J.C., 124, 127, 132, 412, Simeone, J.B., 43, 421 196 424, 479 Simms, E.L., 133, 135, 136, 143, 173, Spellenberg, R., 137 Schultz, T.R., 227 178, 247 Spence, J.R., 380, 381, 384, 385, 387, Schwarz, M.P., 75 Simpson, C.L., 109 389, 394, 401 Schweitzer, J.A., 472, 474 Simpson, G.G., 603 Spencer, K.A., 557 Schwerdtfeger, F., 407, 408 Simpson, J.A., 81 Spiller, D.A., 139, 433, 517, 524 Scott, M.P., 74 Simpson, S.J., 107, 108, 109, 110, 114 Spradbury, J.P., 313 Scott, P.E., 246 Singer, M.C., 102, 164, 167 Stachowicz, J.J., 185, 189 Scriber, J.M., 107, 108, 109, 140, 204, Singer, M.S., 108, 109, 110, 494 Stadler, B., 232, 244, 603 208, 422, 550, 551 Singrao, J.S., 566 Stamp, N.E., 135, 142, 143, 144, 145, Seifert, M., 369 Six, D.L., 227 146, 147, 149, 150, 516 Seigler, D.S., 122 Skvortsov, A.K., 558 Stanton, N.L., 545, 546 Selikhovkin, A.V., 435 Slansky, F., 107, 108, 109, 140, 422, Staswick, P.E., 127 Senoo, N., 289 495 Statzner, B., 574 Sepkoski, J.J., 584, 585, 587 Slobodkin, L.B., 531, 625 Staub, C.S., 291

Author index 777

Stearns, S.C., 167, 383, 387, 388, Sutherland, J.P., 522, 524, 527 Tinbergen, N., 28 402 Swan, C.M., 109 Tingey, W.M., 527 Steffan-Dewenter, I., 264 Swetnam, T.W., 414, 416 Tivers, R.L., 61, 83 Steinberg, S., 498 Symondson, W.O.C., 270, 517, 525 Tobin, P.C., 435, 606, 607 Steiner, K.E., 228 Toler, T.R., 276 Steinly, B.A., 124 Tabashnik, B.E., 127, 171, 215, 216, Ton, J., 530 Stenseth, N.C., 277 341, 343, 345, 422, 436 Tooker, J.F., 503 Stephenson, A.G., 506, 507 Tadic, M., 168 Toquenaga, Y., 202 Steppuhn, A., 122 Tahvanainen, J.O., 45, 152, 155, 467 Torres, J.B., 368, 369 Stern, D.L., 59, 81 Tailleux, I., 423 Tostowaryk, W., 273, 274 Sternberg, J.A., 143 Takabayashi, J., 499, 500 Townes, H., 557 Sterner, R.W., 105, 107 Tallamy, D.W., 73, 74, 121, 154, 208 Traub, R., 327, 328 Stevens, G.C., 547, 558 Tansley, A.G., 459, 573 Traw, M.B., 118, 125 Stevenson, P.C., 116 Tauber, M.J., 30 Treacy, M.F., 530 Stewart, A.J.A., 401 Taverner, M.P., 132 Tribe, N.P., 409, 416 Stewart, D.A.B., 574 Taylor, A.D., 433, 434 Trier, T.M., 107 Stewart-Oaten, A., 282 Taylor, J.E., 127 Trigo, J., 129 Stiles, E.W., 159 Taylor, P.D., 613 Triplehorn, C.A., 6, 100, 233, 249, Stiling, P., 132, 140, 141, 142, 155, Taylor, R.M., 501, 506 251 168, 169, 186, 200, 207, 429, 522, Telang, A., 230, 325 Tripp, H.A., 320 598, 608 Tempel, A.S., 506 Trotter, R.T., 595 Stimac, J.L., 502 Tenow, O., 410 Trumble, J.T., 221 Stinchcombe, J.R., 173 Tepedino, V.J., 263, 545, 546 Trumbo, S.T., 75 Stireman, J.O., 524, 596 Terborgh, J., 553 Tsai, Z.-I., 569 Stoltz, D.B., 330 Thacker, J.R.M., 18 Tsao, R., 124 Stork, N., 121 Thaler, J.S., 127, 133, 179, 221, 493, Tschanz, B., 275 Stork, N.E., 102 498, 516 Tscharntke, T., 43, 65, 68, 180, 264, Stout, M.J., 125, 126, 127, 174, 197, Thao, M.L., 325 299, 436, 580, 610, 613 205, 215, 531 Thayumanavan, B., 136 Tschinkel, W.R., 92, 435 Stowe, K.A., 145 Theile, V., 493 Tso, I.M., 287 Strand, M.R., 319 Theis, C., 180, 299 Tsubaki, Y., 186 Strassmann, J.E., 87 Theis, N., 122 Tumlinson, J.H., 497, 498 Straub, C.S., 287 Thomas, C.D., 171, 433, 483 Tuomi, J., 146 Strauss, S.Y., 107, 144, 169, 232, 245, Thomas, F., 340 Turchin, P., 277, 278, 338, 425, 427 260 Thomas, J.A., 242 Turlings, T.C.J., 493, 497, 498, 499, Strong, D.R., 102, 108, 120, 138, 144, Thompson, D’A.W., 310 530 152, 154, 185, 186, 200, 205, 207, Thompson, J.N., 99, 102, 135, 154, 159, Turnipseed, S.G., 453 208, 324, 452, 453, 454, 457, 476, 160, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 168, Tylianakis, J.M., 529, 599, 600 477, 490, 514, 515, 516, 517, 519, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 521, 523, 526, 545 245, 326, 345, 507, 571, 609 Ullyett, G.C., 211 Stuart, R.J., 528 Thompson, R.M., 491 Uriarte, M., 522 Sturtevant, A.H., 82 Thorne, B.L., 80, 83, 84, 87 Uvarov, B., 423 Styrsky, J.D., 37, 89, 92, 120, 228, 231, Thorne, J.H., 483 502, 510, 526 Thornhill, R., 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, Va¨isa¨nen, R., 142, 611 Su, N.Y., 93 59, 60, 62 van Alphen, A.R., 326 Sugiura, S., 506 Thorp, J.H., 574 van Alphen, J.J.M., 36, 498 Suh, S.-O., 227 Thorsteinson, A.J., 109 van Dam, N.M., 136, 143, 509 Sunahara, T., 210 Throop, H.L., 137 Van den Ackerveken, G., 306 Sundby, R.A., 214, 215, 330 Tilman, D., 20, 178, 297, 464, 507, 553 van den Heuvel, J.F.J.M., 265 Sunderland, K.D., 435 Tinbergen, L., 294 van der Aart, P.J.M., 458, 570

778 Author index

van der Meijden, E., 145, 411, 433 von Aderkas, P., 114 West, D.C., 571 van der Pijl, L., 159, 229, 247 von Frisch, K., 29, 76 West, M.J., 75 van der Veen-vanWijk, C.A.M., 433 Vrieling, K., 143, 144 West, S.A., 85 Van Driesche, J., 370 Westerbergh, A., 232, 235 Van Driesche, R.G., 18, 297, 368, 370 Waage, J.K., 36, 60, 68 Westerling, A.L., 596 Van Dyck, H., 401 Wa¨ckers, F.L., 37, 65, 228, 334, 497, Westoby, M., 158, 224 van Emden, H.F., 580 501, 502, 503, 504, 506, 507, 528 Wetterer, J.K., 79 van Mantgem, P.J., 594 Waddell, K.J., 132, 134 Weygoldt, P., 458 van Mele, P., 92 Wade, M.J., 28, 51, 54, 57, 58 Wharton, R.A., 330 van Nouhuys, S., 215, 433, 610 Wagner, D., 507 Wharton, T.N., 450 Van Rijn, P.C.J., 37, 212, 221, 505 Wagner, M.R., 435 Wheeler, G.S., 109 van Riper, C., 335 Wahlberg, N., 169 Wheeler, W.M., 79, 241 van Soelen, J., 140 Wajnberg, E´., 36 Whelan, C., 512 van Strien, A., 483 Waldbauer, G., 54 Whelan, J., 122 van Veen, F.J.F., 187 Walde, S.J., 356, 503 Wheller, W.M., 73 van Wijk, C.A.M., 144 Wall, R., 211 White, J.A., 156 Van Zandt, P., 169 Wallin, K.F., 216 White, M.J.D., 63 Van Zandt, P.A., 197, 205, 208, 219, Walls, R., 144 White, P.S., 433, 574 444 Waloff, N., 207 White, T.C.R., 105, 107, 108, 137, 138, Vandenberg, P., 178 Walter, D.E., 228, 512 139, 417, 418, 419, 422 Vander Zanden, M.J., 525 Walther, G.-R., 591 Whitehead, V.B., 228 vanEngelsdorp, D., 91 Walton, R.K., 483 Whitford, W.G., 88 Varley, G.C., 133, 281, 282, 407, 408, Waltz, A.M., 217 Whitham, T.G., 37, 39, 63, 99, 113, 410, 425 Wang, J., 369 132, 134, 135, 137, 138, 156, 161, Vasconcelos, H.L., 508 Wanjura, W.J., 120 169, 171, 186, 204, 217, 233, 242, Vaughan, M., 18, 20, 226, 261, 263 Wapshere, A.J., 449, 451 419, 423, 464, 465, 471, 472, 473, Vega, F.E., 227 Ware, G.W., 121 474, 603 Veldtman, R., 197, 356 Waring, G.L., 138, 139, 417, 422 Whitman, W.D., 114 Vellend, M., 471 Warren, L.O., 168 Whitney, K.D., 136, 506 Venable, D.L., 130, 169, 170, 176, 324, Washburn, J.O., 545, 577 Whittaker, J.B., 137, 140, 141, 142, 507 Waterman, P.G., 124 409, 416 Vepsa¨la¨inen, K., 381, 382, 383, 387, Watt, W., 62 Whittaker, R.H., 121, 447, 448, 458, 389 Way, M.J., 88, 92, 113 492, 538, 542, 571, 573 Verheggen, F.J., 510 Webb, J.S., 230 Wickman, B.E., 411, 597 Verhulst, P.F., 190, 353 Webber, J.F., 230 Widodo, E.S., 483 Vermeij, G.J., 296 Wee, B., 167 Wiebes, J.T., 237 Vermeulen, H.J.W., 579 Weeks, J.A., 232 Wiegmann, B.M., 160, 168, 308 Vet, L.E.M., 36, 42, 497, 499 Weesner, F.M., 80 Wigley, T.M.L., 591 Via, S., 160, 161, 162, 165, 167, 168 Weinberg, A.M., 197 Wiklund, C., 161, 369 Vieira, E.M., 597 Weis, A.E., 161, 162, 422 Wilby, A., 287, 291 Vinson, S.B., 34, 35, 92, 93, 330 Welker, W.V., 139 Wilcove, D.S., 609, 610 Virant-Doberlet, M., 55 Welter, S.C., 170 Wilding, N., 244 Visser, J.H., 130, 156, 593 Wen, Z., 124 Wilf, P., 586, 587 Visser, M.E., 164, 592, 593 Wenny, D.G., 158, 159 Wilkens, R.T., 150 Viswanathan, D.V., 126, 174, 197 Went, F.W., 6 William, L.E., 139 Vitousek, P.M., 590, 591 Wermelinger, B., 369 Williams, A.G., 132, 134 Voigt, W., 524 Werner, D., 225 Williams, C.B., 542 Vollrath, J.E., 86 Werren, J.H., 325 Williams, D.W., 420, 421, 596 Volney, W.J.A., 596 Wesner, J.S., 525 Williams, G.C., 87 Volterra, V., 190, 191, 196, 277 West, C., 202 Williams, I.S., 495, 496

Author index 779

Williams, J.L., 516 Wise, M.J., 197, 495 Yasuda, H., 212 Williams, J.W., 588, 590, 591 Wisseman, C.L., 327, 328 Yeo, P., 229 Williams, K.S., 118 Wissinger, S.A., 114, 210 Ylioja, T., 41, 409, 422 Willis, A.J., 144 Witt, A.A., 256 Yohe, G., 591, 611 Wills, C., 158, 340 Witting-Bissinger, B.E., 503 Yoshimura, T., 115 Wilson, D.S., 74, 75, 82, 87, 228 Wittstock, U., 124, 126, 129, 169 Yotoko, K.C.S., 160 Wilson, E.O., 3, 4, 9, 62, 63, 73, 74, 76, Witzgall, P., 67 Young, A.M., 121 77, 79, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 202, 203, Wojcik, D.P., 93 Young, T.P., 89, 485 209, 239, 240, 241, 242, 247, 252, Wolcott, G.N., 528 Yu, D.S., 215 253, 263, 366, 388, 400, 454, 455, Wolda, H., 566, 577 Yu, D.W., 247 457, 459, 508, 512, 537, 541, 543, Wolin, C.L., 256 Yu, H.L., 530 544, 575, 576 Wood, T.K., 73, 74, 113, 165 Wilson, J.B., 464 Woodson, W.D., 94 Zachariades, C., 506 Wilson, L.T., 187, 190, 201, 291, 530 Woodwell, G.M., 458, 571 Zakharov, E.V., 177 Wilson, M.F., 512 Wool, D., 139, 409, 415 Zamora, R., 519, 596 Wilson, M.R., 546, 577 Wooley, S.C., 507 Zangerl, A.R., 125, 126, 128, 136, 143 Wilson, R.J., 483 Wu, Y.-T., 608 Zehnder, C.B., 603 Wimp, G.M., 89, 137, 464, 471, 472, Zera, A.J., 385 475 Yamaga, Y., 168 Zhang, R.Z., 93 Windsor, D.M., 224 Yamanaka, T., 353 Zinsser, H., 340 Wink, M., 493 Yamashita, T., 311, 313 Zucker, W.V., 124, 134 Winkler, I.S., 105, 159, 160, 168, 175, Yan, Y., 400 Zucoloto, F.S., 114 176, 178, 308 Yanega, D., 73 Zuellig, R.E., 611 Winkler, K., 504 Yang, L.H., 525 Zuk, M., 330, 332, 334 Winston, M.L., 76 Yang, P., 92 Zumpt, F., 315 Wise, D.H., 288, 516, 517, 519, 520, Yang, Y., 109 Zvereva, E.L., 495, 598, 611 521, 526, 532 Yao, I., 232 Zwahlen, C., 127, 128, 179

TAXONOMIC INDEX

Abedus, 58, 378, 379 218, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 232, pea, 162, 165, 167, 204, 219, 290, herberti, 377 233, 241, 246, 247, 248, 252–254, 291, 293, 394 Acanthoscelides obrienorum, 158 258, 264, 325, 332, 369, 398, soybean, 204, 291, 400 Acari, 331 459–461, 483, 507, 508, 517, 518, sycamore, 113, 422 Acleris variana, 425 521, 530, 542, 545, 550, 555, 567, vetch, 394 Acrididae, 163, 220, 397, 431, 556, 557 598, 610 Aphididae, 409 Acromyrmex, 77–79 Argentine, 93, 209, 607 Aphidiidae, 215 Acyrthosiphon pisum, 162, 165, 204, carpenter, 38, 570 Aphidius 290, 291, 394 driver, 9 ervi, 215 Adelges fire, 89, 120, 269, 607 smithi, 215 nu¨sslini, 317 leaf cutter, 77–79, 88, 114, 115, 227, Aphis, 233 tsugae, 607, 608 244, 253 glycines, 204, 291, 400 adelgid, 198, 205, 315, 317 ponerine, 456 gossypii, 136, 141, 288 hemlock woolly, 607, 608 red imported fire, 92–93, 209, 288, nerii, 603 Aedes 607, 608, 614 verbascae, 117 aegypti, 210 weaver, 41, 92 Aphodiinae, 250, 251, 254, 545 albopictus, 210 yellow crazy, 608 Aphodius, 587 Aegialiinae, 251 Anthocaris cardamines, 411 bonvouloiri, 589 Agaonidae, 237–238, 240 Anthocoridae, 310, 502 Aphytis Agnetina capitata, 219, 290 Anthomyidae, 236 chrysomphali, 214 Agraulis vanillae, 161 Anthonomus grandis, 67 lingnanensis, 214 Agriotes lineates, 204 Aonidiella aurantii, 214 melinus, 214 Agromyzidae, 41, 170, 311, 312, 409, Apanteles, 445 Apidae, 15 451, 545, 557 leucostigmus, 561 Apis Agrothereutes, 321 Aphelonema simplex, 153 mellifera, 76–77, 78 Alopecosa aphid, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15–16, 30, 31, 33, mellifera scutellata, 607 accentuata, 570 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 45, 46, 75, 81, Apocrita, 85 cuneata, 570 85, 88, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, Apocrypta longitarsus, 240 Alsophila pometaria, 156, 162 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 117, 118, Aquarius remigis, 290 Alticinae, 324 121, 132, 135, 136, 138, 161, 165, Arachnida, 398 Amara alpine, 587, 588 169, 171, 176, 197, 199, 204, 205, Araneida, 445 Amblyseius fallicis, 66 207, 217, 218, 226, 229, 230, 231, Arctiidae, 130, 166, 294–295, 398, Ammophila pubescens, 29 232, 241, 244, 265, 276, 284, 292, 411, 569 Amplicephalus simplex, 153 295, 315, 325, 332, 334, 369, 445, Arctosa perita, 570 Anabrus simplex, 56 492, 500, 505, 507, 516, 542, 556, Argas cooleyi, 331 Anacridium melanorhodon, 397 557, 610 Argassidae, 331 Anagrus epos, 187, 291 cabbage, 118, 130 Aricia agestis, 171 Andraca bipunctata, 362, 363 cotton, 89, 141, 288 Armadillium vulgare, 335 Aneugmenus, 409 green peach, 130 armyworm, 217 Anopheles, 341 green spruce, 110, 111 beet, 498 Anoplolepis gracilipes, 608 grey pine, 141 Arytaina, 205 ant, 9, 11, 14, 31, 33, 38, 41, 45, 51, 57, lime, 117 genistae, 206 62, 75, 76, 79, 86, 87–89, 92, 94, Monterey pine, 450 spartii, 207 102, 144, 159, 163, 167, 202, 203, nettle, 613 Asaphes, 445

Taxonomic index 781

Asaphidion yukonense, 590 bruchid, 158 scarabaeid, 38, 54, 104, 250, 254, Ascia monuste, 114 buprestid, 38, 108, 597 566 Asilidae, 310 burying, 74, 75, 228, 369 scarabaeoid, 566, 569 Asobara, 296 carabid, 38, 56, 219, 290, 427, 455, scolytid, 248 tabida, 326, 327 521, 575, 579 seven-spot ladybird, 522 Asphondylia borrichiae, 155 carrion, 38, 40, 62, 74, 557, 610 shield, 274–276 Asynarchus nigriculus, 210 cerambycid, 6, 38, 108, 130 skin, 250, 251 Athalia rosae, 129 cereal leaf, 607 southern pine, 277, 278, 425, 427 Atta, 77–79, 88, 115 chrysomelid, 121, 129, 130, 295, stag, 48, 50, 51, 248, 250, 251 colombica, 88 467, 510, 511, 587 staphylinid, 521 sexdens, 88 clerid, 45, 277, 278, 425, 427, 517 tenebrionid, 38 Aulonocneminae, 251 coccinellid, 141, 204, 289, 334, 524 tiger, 458, 550, 555, 565, 570 Austriocetes cruciata, 397 Colorado potato, 201, 218, 221 tortoise, 136, 275 Austroplatypus incompertus, 81 cucumber, 136 trogid, 226, 227 dung, 38, 40, 49, 51, 59, 60, 250, willow leaf, 116 Bactrocera 251, 263, 398, 610 Belastoma, 58, 378, 379 cucurbitae, 67 dytiscid, 271 Belastomatidae, 58, 74, 376, 378, 379 tyroni, 597 elaterid, 38 Belastomatinae, 378, 379 Baetis European spruce, 607 Belvosia, 561 bicaudatus, 393 flea, 13, 44, 45, 118, 144, 152, Bembidion, 56 tricaudatus, 219 216, 445 grisvardi, 589 Baizongia pistaciae, 409 flour, 211 Bembix, 398 barklice, 100, 449, 451 flower, 252 Bemisia argentifolii, 200 bee, 18, 31, 38, 40, 42, 51, 55, 57, 75, fungus, 557 Bethylidae, 213 76, 87, 227, 229, 247, 259, 556, ground, 269, 292, 574, 608 Bibionidae, 60 557, 561, 610 Hercules, 250, 252 Biorhiza pallida, 7 Africanized honey, 607 hispine, 401, 586, 587 Blattodea, 104, 114, 248 allodapine, 75 jack pine tip, 363 Blepharida, 170, 173, 324 bumble, 246, 398, 598, 613 Japanese, 607 alternata, 170 carpenter, 38, 246, 565 June, 252 Bolboceratidae, 251 euglossine, 398, 399, 610 ladybird, 1, 46, 190, 212, 219, 270, bollworm, pink, 67, 68, 343–345 halictid, 235 272, 276, 284, 289, 290, 291, 360, Bombus, 246 honey, 29, 76–77, 78, 91–92, 247, 367, 502, 608 Bombyliidae, 174, 317 261, 598 leaf, 10, 14, 75, 89, 129, 133, Bootettix, 163 orchid, 398 143–144, 155, 156, 157, 163, 170, borer, European corn, 612 sweat, 75, 87 173, 175, 200, 217, 229, 495, 573 Brachinus beetle, 15, 17, 33, 42, 48, 51, 58, 63, 83, long horn, 138, 175, 177, 230, crepitans, 46 85, 100, 101, 107, 115, 116, 118, 573, 597 explodens, 46 138, 165, 169, 186, 208, 218, 229, lucanid, 38, 230 Braconidae, 34, 45, 312, 317, 308, 325, 357, 516, 542, 550, 577, milkweed, 9, 156 319, 326 587, 588, 610 mountain pine, 594, 597, 600 Brevicoryne brassicae, 113, 118, 130, ambrosia, 81, 114, 115, 227, 230, passalid, 38, 230 445 231, 244, 398, 597 pill, 557 Bruchidae, 15, 158 bark, 18, 45, 60, 62, 67, 101, 114, pine engraver, 448 budmoth 115, 126, 130, 132, 138, 200, 201, pselaphid, 578 larch, 338, 339, 425, 596 216, 230, 231, 233, 244, 316, 415, rain, 250, 251 pine, 142 448, 594, 595 red terpentine, 448 budworm, 415 bess, 250, 251 red turnip, 44 blackheaded, 425, 426 blister, 319 rhinoceros, 49, 250, 252 eastern spruce, 413, 421, 601 bombardier, 46, 48 rove, 292, 608 jack pine, 216, 363, 423

782 Taxonomic index

budworm (cont.) passion vine, 295 Cerambycidae, 15, 18, 52, 156, 175, spruce, 357, 358–360, 366, 368, 407, peacock, 53, 54 545, 573, 597 415, 574, 602 red admiral, 591 Ceratitis capitata, 367 western spruce, 413 speckled wood, 53 Ceratocanthidae, 251, 254 bug, 55, 115, 180 swallowtail, 102, 118, 161, 170, Ceratosolen arabicus, 239 assassin, 18, 598, 608 176, 551 Cercopidae, 136, 409 bed, 18, 227, 230, 398, 399 tiger swallowtail, 204 Cerodontha iridiphora, 140 big eyed, 269, 504, 505, 512, 608 viceroy, 295 Cetoniinae, 252, 254 cimicid, 331 Byrrhidae, 557 Ceutorhynchus assimilis, 44 corixid, 38, 271 chafer, 252 giant water, 58, 74, 376–379 cabbageworm, imported, 607 shining leaf, 252 grass, 113 Cactoblastis cactorum, 597 Chaitophorus stevensis, 142 lace, 74, 101, 180 caddisfly, 38, 100, 109, 117, 210, 219, Chalcididae, 317 minute pirate, 289, 502, 512, 608 446, 521, 574 Chalcidoidea, 237–238 mirid, 107, 121, 201, 311, 445, 510 Callandra oryzae, 196 Charips brassicae, 46, 445 nabid, 13 Calliphora vicinia, 211 Chiasognathus granti, 50 pentatomid, 274 Calliphoridae, 67, 211, 332 Chiastocheta, 236 plant, 107, 164, 311 Callosobruchus chigger, 327, 328, 329, 433 reduviid, 265, 399 analis, 202 Chilo demotellus, 186 soapberry, 173 chinensis, 188, 196 Chironomidae, 562 spittle, 14, 136, 205, 416, 423 maculatus, 187, 188, 196 Chlosyne janais, 75, 166 stink, 201 phaseoli, 202 Choristoneura triatomine, 227, 265 rhodesianus, 187 fumiferana, 357, 407, 410, 413, Bupalus piniarius, 46, 362, 363, Calopteryx maculata, 60 574, 601 405, 406 Calosoma maximowiczi, 427 occidentalis, 413 Buprestidae, 15, 597 Cameraria, 462, 463 pinus, 216, 362, 363, 423 Buprestis nuttalli, 597 ohridella, 607 Chorthippus brunneus, 120 butterfly, 6, 31, 33, 51, 62, 100, 102, Camponotus, 460 Chortoicetes terminifera, 397 227, 229, 247, 264, 369, 378, 398, punctulatus, 88 Chromaphis juglandicola, 199 483, 544, 545, 546, 555, 564, 567, cankerworm, fall, 156, 162 Chrysolina quadrigemina, 157 569, 575, 577, 578, 591, 610 Carabidae, 15, 292, 455, 574 Chrysomela African swallowtail, 295 Cardiaspina densitexta, 138, 418 confluens, 423 black swallowtail, 169 Cardiochiles nigriceps, 34, 36, lapponica, 495 brown argus, 171 45, 499 Chrysomelidae, 15, 136, 155, 170, 173, buckeye, 141, 495 Careospina, 462, 463 175, 324, 445, 573 cabbage, 118, 129, 132, 136, 152, Caryedes brasilensis, 128 Chrysoperla, 288 166, 496, 497, 607 casebearer, larch, 363 carnea, 45, 608 checkerspot, 129, 133, 134, 167 Cassida rubiginosa, 274–276 rufilabris, 212 crimson patch, 166 caterpillar, 516 Chrysophtharta agricola, 133 danaid, 130 beech, 419, 427, 429 Chrysopidae, 45 Glanville fritillary, 164, 215, 433 eastern tent, 46 cicada, 55, 104, 114 green-veined white, 591 forest tent, 141, 574, 601 cicadellid, 17, 227, 445 heliconiid, 161 nettle, 363 Cicadellidae, 140, 153, 325 large white, 44 tent, 41, 75, 101, 363 clerid, 46 lycaenid, 141, 167, 228, 231, 232, western tent, 412, 413, 416 coccid, 227, 240, 244 233, 243, 244, 247, 332 woolly bear, 494 Coccinella, 608 monarch, 5, 31–33, 68, 128, 129, 161, Cecidomyiidae, 155, 213, 308, 315, 409 septempunctata, 212, 219, 284, 169, 205, 295, 398, 492, 493, 606 centipede, 4 290, 522 mustard white, 161 Cephaloleia, 586, 587 Coccinellidae, 31, 310 nymphalid, 75, 401 fenestrate, 401 Cochliomyia hominivorax, 67

Taxonomic index 783

cockroach, 38, 56, 62, 114, 248, Danainae, 130, 169 dragonfly, 9, 18, 31, 33, 60, 186, 433, 325, 578 Danaus, 62 483, 521, 542, 574 Coleomegilla maculata, 502 gilippus, 130, 414.1685 Drepanosiphum platanoides, 113, 409, Coleophera laricella, 362, 363 plexippus, 31–33, 128, 129, 130, 422 Coleoptera, 6, 7, 8, 15, 60, 63, 75, 94, 161, 205, 295, 415, 493 Drosophila, 54, 55, 56, 58, 166, 296 100, 102, 104, 108, 114, 126, 136, Dasineura brassicae, 44 duncani, 164 156, 158, 165, 248, 308, 309, 317, Delia brassicae, 44 falleni, 164 319, 324, 325, 333, 385, 445, 455, Deloyala guttata, 136 heteroneura, 53, 57 562, 584, 585, 597, 604, 607 Delphacidae, 152, 197, 385, 546 melanogaster, 50–51, 326, 327, Colias philodice, 171 Delphacodes detecta, 154 394–396 Collembola, 6, 100, 104, 309, 521, 526 Dendroctonus, 115, 132, 600 pseudoobscura, 196 Colobopsis, 79, 460 frontalis, 277, 278, 425, 427 putrida, 164 Colophina monstrifica, 81 micans, 607 serrata, 196 Coloradia pandora, 397 ponderosae, 201, 594, 597, 600 Dryinidae, 319 Conophthorus banksianae, 362, 363 valens, 448 Dynastinae, 252 Copris isidis, 49 Dendrolimus pini, 408 Dytiscidae, 15, 61, 310 Coptotermes formosanus, 94 Dennyus, 322, 323 Corixidae, 310 Deois flavopicta, 423 earworm, corn, 45, 612 Cotesia Depressaria pastinacella, 136, 154 Elatobium abietinum, 110, 111, 142 congregata, 493, 494 Dermaptera, 248 Embioptera, 248 glomerata, 215, 497 Diabrotica, 136 Empididae, 565 marginiventris, 498 virgifera, 500, 531, 612 Empoasca, 121 melitaearum, 215 virgifera virgifera, 500 fabae, 201, 221, 473 plutellae, 216 Diachella polita, 588 Enchenopa binotata, 165 popularis, 433 Diadegma semiclausum, 504 Encyrtidae, 317, 319 Cremastocheilinae, 252 Diaeretiella rapae, 46, 445 Endasys, 321 Crematogaster, 89, 460 Diapriidae, 317 Enigmogramma basigera, 10 ashmeadi, 459, 460 Diaspididae, 169 Entomoscelis americana, 44 mimosa, 89 Dictyoptera, 248, 249 Eotetranychus sexmaculatus, 282–283 sjostedti, 89 Didymuria violescens, 409 Epargyreus clarus, 5 cricket, 38, 55, 60 Dioptidae, 398 Ephemerella subvaria, 219, 290 Mormon, 56 Dioryctria albovitella, 419 Ephemeroptera, 104, 562, 574 Cryptococcus fagisuga, 607 Dipelicus cantori, 49 Ephydridae, 329 Cryptophagidae, 557 Diphyllostomatidae, 251 Epiblema strenuana, 113 Ctenarytaina Diplolepis, 139 Epinotia tedella, 142, 410, 425 eucalypti, 133 Diplonychus, 378 Epiphyas postvittana, 362, 363 spatulata, 133 Diplura, 6, 100 Epirrita autumnata, 147, 410, Cucujidae, 310 Diprion 419, 430 Culex quinquefasciatus, 335 hercyniae, 410, 425 Eriocrania, 611 Culicidae, 383 pini, 405, 406 Erioischia brassicae, 362, 363, 366 Curculio nucum, 6 Diprionidae, 410, 413, 556 Erynephala maritima, 156 Curculionidae, 308, 545, 573, 597 Diptera, 6, 7, 8, 15, 41, 44, 52, 60, 61, Erythroneura, 17, 199, 200, 205, Curictini, 378 66, 67, 100, 102, 104, 114, 117, 448, 450 Cuterebridae, 52 118, 155, 165, 170, 213, 236, 248, arta, 449 Cycloneda sanguinea, 1 309, 316, 317, 319, 320, 325, bella, 449 Cydia pomonella, 46, 66 329, 332, 333, 383, 385, 409, elegantula, 187, 201, 291 Cynipidae, 17, 139, 545 445, 451, 471, 562, 584, 585, hymettana, 449 604, 607 ingrata, 449 Dacus oleae, 362, 363, 366 Dociostaurus maroccanus, 397 lawsoni, 449 damselfly, 58, 60, 212 Dolomedes, 290 morgani, 449

784 Taxonomic index

Erythroneura (cont.) crane, 587 Geoica, 200 torella, 449 drosophilid, 164 Geometridae, 46, 162, 294, 393, usitata, 449 dung, 60, 61 398, 410 variabilis, 140, 187, 201, 291 flesh, 211, 564 Geomydoecus, 324 Essigella californica, 450 fruit, 15, 17, 50–51, 53, 67, 68, 165, Geotrupinae, 251, 254, 545 Estigmene acrea, 166 196, 324, 394–396, 471 Gerridae, 55, 379 Eucallipterus tilliae, 117 house, 342, 343 Gerris, 381–383 Eucarcelia rutilla, 46 hover, 546, 564 argentatus, 382 Euceros, 320, 321, 388 long horned, 61 asper, 382 frigidus, 46 louse, 311, 315 buenoi, 380 Eucharitidae, 320 Mediterranean fruit, 367 lacustris, 382 Eucoilidae, 326 melon, 67 lateralis, 382 Eulophidae, 317 mydas, 564 najas, 382 Euphydryas olive fruit, 363, 366 odontogaster, 382 chalcedona, 133, 134 phorid, 495 paludum, 382 editha, 167 robber, 570 pingreensis, 380, 381 phaeton, 129 sand, 598 remigis, 59 Eupteryx, 200 scatophagid, 51, 61 rufoscutellatus, 382 Eurosta solidaginis, 6, 16, 165 screw worm, 67 sphagnetorum, 382 Euura, 38, 139 stable, 598 thoracicus, 382 lasiolepis, 39, 40, 139, 360, 367, syrphid, 357 Glaphyridae, 251 368, 409, 419, 422, 427, 428 tabanid, 18 Glaresidae, 251 Exenterus, 320 tachinid, 316, 375, 495, 561, 564 Glaucopsyche, 232 Exoneura, 75 tephritid, 6, 227, 422, 597, 608 lygdanus, 243 Exoteleia dodecella, 142 tsetse, 67, 68, 227, 230, 398, 598 Globitermes sulphureus, 80 warble, 52, 314 Glossina, 67 Filatima, 157 woodlouse, 564 Goniozus nephantidis, 213 Fiorinia externa, 189, 199, 201, 206 Forda formicaria, 200 Grammia geneura, 494 flea, 18, 214, 306, 315, 334 Forelius, 232 Grapholitha molesta, 67, 530 fly, 17, 33, 51, 100, 169, 186, 229, 233, Formica, 89, 232 grasshopper, 5, 33, 44, 55, 59, 60, 236, 325, 341, 607, 610 altipetens, 243 61, 62, 100, 102, 109, 110, acrocerid, 320 obscuripes, 243 115, 117, 120, 163, 166, 208, agromyzid, 102, 140, 161, 422, 578 polyctena, 88 287–288, 293, 294, 382, 415, anthomyiid, 292 Formicidae, 86, 88, 459 445, 515, 516, 556, 557, apple maggot, 65, 66 Formicinae, 77 570, 598 bat, 311 Frankliniella occidentalis, 502, 512, acridid, 396, 431 bee, 557 607 desert, 163 big headed, 564 lubber, 163 birch cambium, 41 Galerucella migratory, 397 black, 18, 38, 61, 104, 219, 305, 446, calmariensis, 155 plague, 397 598 lineola, 163 Rocky Mountain, 397 blow, 185, 211 tenella, 143–144 Greya politella, 174 bombyliid, 174 Gargaphia solani, 1, 74 grub, white, 7, 101, 250, 252 bot, 38, 52, 314, 332, 564 Gastrimargus musicus, 397 brine, 38, 329 Gelechiidae, 157, 171, 311, 312, 343 Habronatus, 511 cabbage maggot, 366 Gelis, 321 Haliplidae, 558 cabbage root, 44 agilis, 215 Halisidota, 166 calliphorid, 211 Geocoris, 511, 512 hanging fly, 3, 55 carrion, 211 pallens, 201, 498 Haplasoma, 325 cecidomyiid, 7, 138, 161, 244, 479 punctipes, 504 Harmonia axyridis, 212

Taxonomic index 785

Harpalus pennsylvanicus, 219, 290 316, 317, 319, 320, 321, 325, 326, cicadellid, 449 Heliconius, 62, 118, 120, 166, 295, 333, 375, 385, 386, 409, 445, 459, potato, 8, 221 398, 399 475, 503, 584, 585, 597, 604, 607 variegated, 140 charitonius, 5 Hyphantria, 166 Leis axyridis, 141 cydno, 62 cunea, 102, 168, 416, 417 Lema daturaphila, 510, 511 melpomene, 117, 638.1684 Hystrichopsyllidae, 314, 315 Lepidoptera, 6,7, 8, 9, 15, 34, 36, 44, 46, 52, sara, 129 60, 75, 100, 102, 104, 105, 108, 109, Helicoverpa zea, 45, 129, 499, 612 Icerya purchasi, 270 113, 114, 116, 118, 120, 121, 127, Heliothis virescens, 34, 45, 499 Ichneumonidae, 9, 312, 317, 318, 320, 128, 138, 141, 157, 162, 165, 169, Helius, 587 321, 387 171, 186, 199, 213, 217, 308, 309, Helophorus Ichneumonoidea, 562 317, 321, 325, 333, 385, 386, 393, arcticus, 590 Imbrasia belina, 397 397, 410, 411, 413, 425, 432, 475, glacialis, 588 Inachis io, 53 491, 540, 584, 585, 604, 607, 609 Hemerobiidae, 310 Ips, 115, 132 Lepismatidae, 85 Hemiargus, 232 confuses, 594 Leptinotarsa decimlineata, 201, 221 Hemipepsis ustulata, 53 grandicollis, 216 Leptopilina, 296 Hemiptera, 7, 8, 15, 37, 63, 74, 89, 94, paraconfusus, 200 boulardi, 326 100, 104, 107, 108, 114, 136, 140, pini, 200, 201, 233, 244, 448 heterotoma, 326 154, 165, 180, 197, 228, 232, 244, Iridomyrmex, 232 Leptopilina boulardi, 327 248, 308, 309, 325, 333, 376, Isopoda, 335 Leptopterna dolabrata, 113 378, 379, 385, 409, 445, 475, Isoptera, 60, 94, 100, 104, 114, 248 Leptotrombidium, 327 501, 545, 547, 562, 566, 584, 585, Ithomiinae, 130 Lethocerinae, 378, 379 604, 607 Itoplectis conquisitor, 46 Lethocerus, 58, 378 Henosepilachna niponica, 360, 367 Ixodes ricinus, 594 Lethrinae, 251 Hepialus californicus, 523 lice, 18, 322, 323, 334, 341 Hesperiidae, 120, 398 Jadera haematoloma, 173 bird, 308, 311, 321 Heteroptera, 74, 104, 109, 309, 376, Jalmenus, 232 body, 40 379, 385 Javesella pellucida, 113 chewing, 40, 227, 230, 323, 324 hippoboscid, 227 Junonia coenia, 141, 495 head, 40 Hippoboscidae, 311, 312, 314, 315 philopterid, 313, 315 Hippodamia, 608 katydid, 4, 9, 55–56 pubic, 40 convergens, 276 bush, 431, 432 sucking, 226, 227, 230, 265 Holoboreopphilus nordenskloeldi, 590 Ligurotettix coquilletti, 163 Homoptera, 309, 385, 409, 604 Labidomera clivicollis, 10, 130, 205 Limacodidae, 398 Hormaphidinae, 80 lacewing, 55, 212, 288, 490, 524, 608 Limenitis archippus, 295 hornworm, 493, 494, 510 Lamachus, 320 Limnephilus externus, 210 tobacco, 46, 498 Lambdina fiscellaria, 393 Limnogeton, 378 tomato, 129 Lariophagus distinguendus, 64 Limnogonus luctuosus, 379, 380 Horvathinia, 378 Lasiocampidae, 75, 398, 411 Limnoporus, 381 Hyalophora cecropia, 54 Lasioglossum malachurum, 75 Linepithema humile, 93, 209, 607 Hybosoridae, 251 Lasius, 233 Liporrhopalum, 232 Hydatophylax, 109 flavus, 202, 203 Liriomyza Hydrocyrius, 378 nearcticus, 202, 203 helianthi, 170 Hydropsyche californica, 219 Latoia viridissima, 362, 363 sativae, 161 Hylobittacus apicalis, 3, 55 Latridiidae, 557 trifolii, 200 Hylobius pales, 139 Latrodectes, 480 Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, 607 Hyloicus pinastri, 408 leafhopper, 33, 55, 100, 104, 107, 108, Lithocolletis, 462 Hymenoptera, 6, 7, 8, 15, 34, 45, 52, 114, 117, 118, 121, 138, 153, 187, locust, 60, 396 60, 63, 82, 86, 94, 100, 102, 108, 199, 200, 201, 205, 207, 230, 291, African migratory, 397 114, 139, 213, 215, 248, 308, 309, 316, 546, 577, 610 Australian plague, 397

786 Taxonomic index

locust (cont.) mealybug, 104 Morellidae, 165 Bombay, 397 Mechanitis isthmia, 121 mosquito, 18, 37, 38, 51, 61, 210, 305, brown, 397 Mecistogaster 334, 341, 357, 598, 608, 614 desert, 397, 423 linearis, 212 pitcher plant, 383–384 Moroccan, 397 ornata, 212 treehole, 398 red, 397 Mecoptera, 55, 59, 309 moth, 6, 33, 38, 41, 60, 68, 100, 108, Rocky Mountain, 220 Megaloceroea recticornis, 164 227, 229, 247, 295, 296, 398, 408, spur throated, 397 Megaloprepus coerulatus, 212 415, 542, 555, 566 tree, 397 Megalopta genalis, 87 arctiid, 38 yellow winged, 397 Megaloptera, 309 autumnal, 419, 420, 424, 425, Locusta, 398 Megasoma actaeon, 250 427–406, 430 migratoria, 397 Megastigmus spermotrophus, 114 cecropia, 54 Locustana pardelina, 397 Megoura viciae, 394 cinnabar, 433 looper, 217 Melanophila accuminata, 597 clothes, 226, 227, 230 hemlock, 393 Melanoplus codling, 46, 66, 67, 68 mountain mahogany, 390 femurrubrum, 287–288 diamondback, 118, 130 pine, 46, 363, 366, 405, 406 sanguinipes, 62, 397 Douglas-fir tussock, 363 lovebug, 607 spretus, 220, 397 emperor, 366 Lucanidae, 51, 248, 251, 254 Melitaea cinxia, 164, 433 geometrid, 566 Lucilia Meloidae, 319 ghost, 523 cuprina, 185 Melolontha vulgaris, 7 giant silkworm, 54 sericata, 211 Melolonthinae, 252, 254 gypsy, 67, 102, 121, 141, 168, 204, Lycaenidae, 167, 171 membracid, 244, 332 390, 420, 423, 424, 432, 526, 603, Lycosa, 269 Membracidae, 55, 62, 165, 333 606, 607, 614 Lygaeidae, 409, 502 Menopodidiae, 322 Indian meal, 36 Lygaeus equestris, 409 Mesopsocus light brown apple, 363 Lymantria immunis, 449, 451 noctuid, 118 dispar, 67, 102, 121, 168, 204, 411, unipunctatus, 449, 451 nun, 405, 406 423, 607 Microctonus vittatae, 445 oriental fruit, 67, 530 monacha, 405, 406 Microlophium carnosum, 190, 613 pandora, 397 Lymantriidae, 398, 411 Micromalthus, 248 pine beauty, 405, 406 Microrhopala vittata, 157 pine hawk, 408 Malacosoma, 166 midge, 51, 61, 213, 446, 525, 562, 598 pine processionary, 594 americanum, 46 chironomid, 525, 557, 562 pine tree emperor, 363 californicum, 411, 413 gall, 44, 231, 308, 315, 316, 396 pine tussock, 390 californicum pluviale, 416 millipede, 4 pyralid, 597 disstria, 141, 411, 574, 601 Mimetus, 480 satin, 390 neustria, 362, 363 Miridae, 311, 312, 502 saturniid, 53, 397, 398 Mallophaga, 322 mite, 10, 18, 38, 40, 44, 83, 101, 228, senita, 229, 235–236 Manduca 229, 248, 283, 289, 334, 512, 521, shoot, 101 quinquemaculata, 201 545 sphingid, 597 sexta, 46, 128, 129, 217, 493, 494, cassava green, 449 tiger, 294–295, 569 498, 510, 597 phytoseiid, 289 tip, 139 mantid, 62, 248, 289, 520 prostigmatid, 311 tussock, 185 praying, 272 spider, 63, 66, 282–284, 289, winter, 133, 196, 200, 407, Mantodea, 58, 248 513 421, 593 Mastrus, 321 trombiculid, 327 yucca, 229, 232, 245–246 Matsucoccus resinosae, 201 Monochamus carolinensis, 216 Musca domestica, 342 mayfly, 219, 290, 293, 393, 398, 446, Mononychellus tanajoa, 449 Muscidae, 565 516, 521 Mordellistena convicta, 16, 165 Mycodrosophila claytoni, 164

Taxonomic index 787

Myrmicinae, 77, 459 Ogyris amaryllis, 167 Paruroctonus mesaensis, 311, 480 Myzocallis screiberi, 121 Olesicampe, 320 Passalidae, 250, 251, 254 Myzus persicae, 130, 445 Onthophagus, 51 Pectinophora gossypiella, 67, 343–345 acuminatus, 59 Pemphigidae, 409 Nabidae, 502 messel, 589 Pemphiginae, 80 Nabis, 288, 511 rangifer, 49 Pemphigus, 38 Nasutitermitinae, 80 taurus, 59 betae, 37, 39, 132, 134, 135, 186, Nauphoeta cinerea, 56 Operophtera brumata, 133, 196, 200, 317, 423, 472 Nematocera, 61 407, 410, 421, 593 spirothecae, 81 Nemeritus canescens, 36 Opisina arenosella, 213 Pentatomidae, 333, 502 Neodiprion Oreina cacaliae, 129 Perilampidae, 320 pratti, 274 Orgilus lepidus, 46 Perilampus, 320, 321 pratti banksianae, 273 Orgyia Perizoma, 232 sertifer, 161 pseudotsugata, 362, 363, 411 Phaea, 177 swainei, 133, 273, 320, 388, vetusta, 185 Phalangida, 445 419 Orius Phanaeus faunus, 49 Neophilaenus lineatus, 409, 416 insidiosus, 502 Phaneropterinae, 431, 432 Nepidae, 378, 379 tristicolor, 512 Phasmatidae, 409 Nepini, 378 Ornithodorus conanensis, 331 Phasmatodea, 100, 102, 163, 409 Nepoidea, 377, 378, 379 Orphninae, 251 Pheidole bicornis, 508, 517 Nesticodes rufipes, 289 Orthoptera, 8, 60, 100, 102, 108, 114, Phidippus rimator, 287 Neurobathra, 462, 463 220, 309, 385, 397, 431, 432, Philaenus spumarius, 136, 205 Neuroptera, 45, 309, 317, 445 566, 604 Philanthinae, 28 Nicrophorus, 57, 62, 74, 75 Osmoderminae, 252 Philanthus triangulum, 28–29 vespillo, 74 Ostrinia nubilalis, 612 Philopteridae, 308, 312, 314, 321 Nilaparvata lugens, 162, 180, 198 Oulema melanopus, 607 Philornis, 332 Noctuidae, 31, 34, 398 Phorbia, 233, 245 Nomacridis Pachychondyla luteola, 242 Phratora vitellinae, 129, 163, 200 septemfasciata, 397 Panaphis juglandis, 199 Phthiraptera, 308, 309 succincta, 397 Panolis flammea, 406 Phthorimaea operculella, 46 Nomadacris guttulosa, 397 Panorpidae, 59 Phyciodes phaon, 401 Notiophilus borealis, 590 Papilio, 45, 176, 294 Phygadeuon, 321 Notodontidae, 398 brevicauda, 102 Phyllobrotica, 175, 324, 325 Notonectidae, 37 canadensis, 204 Phyllonorycter, 202, 470 Notostira elongata, 164 dardanus, 295 leucographella, 607 Nuculaspis machaon, 161, 170 Phyllotreta, 44, 216, 445 californica, 169 oregonius, 102 cruciferae, 45, 118, 144, 152, tsugae, 189, 199, 201, 206 polyxenes, 169 445 Nudaurelia cyntherea, 362, 363 troilus, 118 Phytobia betulae, 41, 409, 422 nycteribiid, 227 zelicaon, 102 Phytophaga, 573 Nymphalidae, 164, 166, 169, 398, 495 Papilionidae, 169, 170, 398, 551 Phytoseiulus Paracoenia turbida, 329 macropilis, 289 Ochodaeidae, 251 Paraponera clavata, 163 persimilis, 283–284 Odonata, 309, 609 Pararge aegeria, 53, 396 Pieridae, 169, 398, 411 Odontota dorsalis, 218 Pardosa, 269, 290 Pieris Oeciacus vicarious, 331 littoralis, 270, 276, 523 brassicae, 44, 169, 498 Oecophoridae, 213 lugubris, 570 napi, 161, 591, 592 Oecophylla, 41 nigriceps, 570 rapae, 44, 118, 132, 136, 152, 166, smaragdina, 92 Parletoria oleae, 215 169, 204, 216, 445, 496, Oestridae, 52, 314, 565 Partnuniella thermalis, 329 497, 607

788 Taxonomic index

pillbug, 335, 336 Promethea, 54 Saldidae, 310 Pineus, 205 Protocalliphora sialia, 332 Salticidae, 506 Pisaura mirabilis, 570 Protura, 6, 100, 309 Sarcophaga bullata, 211 Pisaurina mira, 287 Pseudacteon tricuspis, 607 Sarcophagidae, 211, 565 Pissodes strobi, 139 pseudococcid, 240 Saturniidae, 54, 397, 398 Pissonotus quadripustulatus, 140 Pseudomymicinae, 459 Satyridae, 120 Pityogenes hopkinsi, 448 Pseudomyrmex, 239, 241, 460, Satyrinae, 569 Plagiodera versicolora, 116 509, 512 sawfly, 6, 17, 33, 38, 39, 40, 45, 63, 75, planthopper, 5, 55, 100, 102, 104, 105, elongatus, 459 85, 86, 100, 102, 107, 129, 132, 107, 108, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, triplarinus, 512 138, 139, 161, 165, 168, 208, 218, 140, 152, 153, 154, 161, 162, 197, Pseudoregma bambucicola, 81 273, 274, 308, 360, 367, 368, 393, 200, 204, 205, 207, 270, 290, 316, pseudoscorpion, 458 415, 419, 422, 427, 428 429, 526 Psocoptera, 74, 100, 248, 309, 385, 604 common, 413, 556 brown, 180 psyllid, 55, 104, 114, 133, 138, 176, common pine, 405, 406 delphacid, 107, 197, 198, 450 205, 206, 227, 325, 418, 556, 557 diprionid, 53, 63, 133, 366, 431, 432 prairie, 434 Psyllidae, 176 European spruce, 425, 426 salt marsh, 111–113, 198 Pteromalidae, 317 larch, 46, 423 plantlice, 557 Pteromalus, 428 pergid, 55 jumping, 230, 557 puparum, 445 pine, 413, 556 Platygaster californica, 213–214 Pteronarcys californica, 219 Swaine jack pine, 320, 321, 388 Platygasteridae, 319 Pterostichus tenthredinid, 63, 324, 412, 431, 432, Platynus, 455 caribou, 590 557 marginissimus, 455 melanarius, 292 scale insect, 66, 83, 88, 100, 101, 104, Platyptilia williamsii, 205 Pyralidae, 36, 235 107, 114, 169, 189, 198, 199, 201, Platypus, 115 206, 207, 332, 610 Plecia nearctica, 60, 607 Rabidosa rabida, 287 beech, 607 Plecoptera, 100, 104, 108, Ranatrinae, 378 California red, 214 562, 574 Reduviidae, 62, 598 cottony cushion, 270 Pleocomidae, 251 Requena verticalis, 4 olive, 215 Pleolophus, 321, 388 Rhabdophaga Scaphinotus, 269 Plodia interpunctella, 36 strobiloides, 7 Scarabaeidae, 51, 114 Plutella terminalis, 161 Scarabaeinae, 51, 250, 251, 254, 545 maculipennis, 445 Rhagoletis, 17, 324 Scarabaeini, 250 xylostella, 118, 129, 130, 216, 504 pomonella, 66, 165 Scarabaeoidea, 15, 248, 251, 253 Podisus Rhizopertha dominica, 196 Scarabaeus scholtzi, 254 maculiventris, 201 Rhodnius prolixus, 265 Scatophaga stercoraria, 60, 61 modestus, 273, 274 Rhopalidae, 173 Scelionidae, 317 Polistes, 75, 398 Rhopalomyia californica, 213, 396 Schistocerca gregaria, 397, 423 dominulus, 274–276 Rhopalosiphum Schizolachnus pineti, 141 Polyommatus icarus, 141 maidis, 126, 127 Scolytidae, 126, 130 Popillia japonica, 607 padi, 190 Scolytinae, 597 Praon pequodorum, 215 Rhyssomatus lineaticollis, 205 scorpion, 18, 55, 311, 479, 480 Pristiphora erichsonii, 46, 423 roach, 227 scorpionfly, 55, 57, 59 Prodoxidae, 174 wood, 114, 230 Scotylus koenigi, 589 Prokelisia, 197, 205, 290, 374, 429 Rodolia cardinalis, 270 Scudderia furcata, 9 crocea, 434 Romalea microptera, 163 sharpshooter, 325 dolus, 105, 111–113, 154, 197, 198, rootworm, western corn, 500, 531, shrimp, 86, 87 200, 204, 206, 385–386 612 Silphidae, 38, 57, 557 marginata, 5, 111–113, 197, 198, Rutelinae, 252, 254 Simulium arcticum, 219 200, 204, 206, 270, 386 Ryacionia frustrana, 139 Siphonaptera, 214, 309

Taxonomic index 789

Siricidae, 597 Syntypistis punctatella, 419, 427, 429 Timemidae, 163 Siricoidea, 86 Syrphidae, 557, 565 Tineoidea, 226 Sitobion avenae, 522 Tingidae, 180 Sitophilus granarius, 64 Tachinid, 45, 46, 52 Tiphiidae, 317 skipper, silver-spotted, 5 Tachinidae, 308, 317, 318, 320, 387, 565 Tortricidae, 410, 425 Solenopsis, 232 Tachinus, 587 tortrix invicta, 92–93, 120, 209, 288, 607, Tapinoma sessile, 243 green oak, 422 608 tarantula, 18, 398 grey larch, 407, 412, 413, 424 Spathimeigenia, 320, 321 Taurocerastinae, 251 Tortrix viridana, 196, 410, 422 Sphecidae, 28, 310 Taxomyia taxi, 409 Torymidae, 114, 240, 317 Sphecophaga vesparum vesparum, 607 Tegeticula, 245–246 Torymus Sphingidae, 398 Tenebrionidae, 545 baccharicidis, 213–214 spider, 4, 9, 38, 55, 58, 154, 180, 289, Tenthredinidae, 139, 409, 413, 556 koebelei, 213–214 293, 311, 429, 450, 458, 480, 501, Tenthredinoidea, 86 treehopper, 55, 89, 104, 113, 165, 218, 515, 520, 521, 524, 526, 608 Tephritidae, 51, 66, 67, 165, 471 230, 231 crab, 506 termite, 9, 10, 38, 40, 57, 75, 76, 83– Tribolium, 398 fishing, 290 85, 87, 89–90, 93–94, 100, 114, castaneum, 211 hunting, 272, 287, 289 115, 226, 227, 230, 233, 247, 248, confusum, 211 jumping, 287, 506 325, 398, 550, 551, 555, 598, 610 Trichogramma nursery web, 287 Formosan, 94, 614 evanescens, 45 tangle foot, 86 Tetranychidae, 63 exiguum, 503 tangle web, 289 Tetranychus Trichogrammatidae, 45 tube weaver, 570 cinnabarinus, 289 Trichoplusia ni, 10, 200, 217 web, 272 urticae, 66, 283–284 Trichoptera, 100, 104, 108, 114, 386, web weaving, 38 Tetraopes, 175, 177 562, 575 white running, 570 tetrophthalmus, 130, 156, Trigona, 246 wolf, 269, 270, 276, 287, 523 1226.1685 Tripteroides bambusa, 210 spittlebug, 104 Tetraphalerus, 587 Trochosa terricola, 570 Spodoptera Tetraponera penzigi, 89 Trogidae, 251, 254 exigua, 204, 498 Tetrastichus, 213–214 Tuberculatus, 232 ornithogalli, 217 sinope, 445 tuberworm, potato, 46 Staphylinidae, 292 Tettigoniidae, 56, 431, 432 Tumidagena minuta, 153, 154 Stenoaptinus insignis, 46 Thanasimus dubius, 277, 278, 425, Tupiocoris notatus, 201, 510 Stenopsyche 427 Typhlodromus occidentalis, 282–283 marmorata, 210 Thaumetopoea pityocampa, 594 Tyria jacobaeae, 411, 433 sauteri, 210 Thomisidae, 506 Tytthus, 290 Stephanitis pyrioides, 180 Thomomydoecus, 324 alboornatus, 154 Stethorus siphonulus, 289 thrips, 11, 83, 85, 104, 169, 227, 289, stick insect, 38, 41, 62, 100, 502, 513, 516 Upiga virescens, 235–236 102, 224 western flower, 512, 607 Uroleucon, 175, 176, 205 Stigmella, 587 Thysanoptera, 7, 8, 63, 80, 94, 100, nigrotuberculatum, 284 Stomoxys calcitrans, 598 104, 114, 248, 309, 385, Urophora, 608 stonefly, 7, 55, 100, 108, 109, 219, 290, 604, 607 Utethesia ornatrix, 130 293, 446, 521 Thysanura, 85, 309 Stratiomyidae, 565 tick, 18, 83, 331, 334, 398, 598 Valginae, 252 Streblidae, 314 Tildenia Vanduzea arquata, 218 Sycophaga sycomori, 240 georgei, 171 Vanessa atalanta, 591, 592 Symmerista, 166 inconspicuella, 171 Venturia canescens, 36 Symphyta, 85, 86 Timema, 163 Vespidae, 85, 86, 310 Syncalypta cyclolepidia, 588 cristinae, 163 Vespula, 526

790 Taxonomic index

walking stick, 163 sphecid, 29 seed, 158 wasp, 18, 31, 38, 40, 42, 51, 57, 75, 76, tarantula hawk, 53, 57 whitefly, 55, 83, 114, 117, 118, 200, 87, 94, 139, 398, 610 vespid, 311, 565 316, 510, 516 aculeate, 248 wood, 86, 108, 227, 244, 248, 597 wireworm, 204 aphelinid, 319 water boatman, 104 Wyeomyia smithii, 383–384 bee killer, 29 water strider, 38, 57, 59, 290, braconid, 55, 226, 228, 271, 311, 379–383 Xenomyrmex, 460 557, 558, 562 waterscorpions, 378 floridanus, 459, 460 chalcid, 114 webworm, 38, 41 Xenopsylla chalcidoid, 562 fall, 102, 168, 390, 416, 417 conformis, 214 cynipid, 7, 324, 577 parsnip, 136, 154 ramesis, 214 digger, 28–29 weevil, 6, 104, 114, 139, 205, 308, 321, Xylocopa, 246 eulophid, 271 325, 362, 573, 578 fig, 59, 229, 232, 237–238, 239, bean, 187, 188, 196, 202 Zacryptocerus, 79, 460 245 bruchid, 38, 128 varians, 459 ichneumonid, 36, 46, 55, 226, 228, common granary, 64 Zeiraphera 311, 316, 320, 375, 557, 558, 562 cotton boll, 67 diniana, 338, 410, 596 paper, 274–276 curculionid, 44 griseana, 407 pompilid, 565 rice, 227 Zelus, 288 siricid, 230 rice water, 607 Zoraptera, 248

SUBJECT INDEX

abiotic factors antagonistic interaction, 287 biological control, 17, 36, 221, 270, weather, 30 antifeedant, 44 330, 484, 527–531 accessory gland, 60 apneumone, 43, 45 agent, 92 acetylcholine, 122 aposematic, 46, 129, 166 augmentative, 297 activated allelochemical, 126, 144 aposematism, 294 conservation, 297 actual percent mortality, 285 aposymbiotic host, 115 using ants, 92 adaptation apparent competition, 187, 190, 218, weeds, 157 counter, 174 291 biome, 563 local, 169 apparent facilitation, 218 biotic potential, 354 adaptive radiation, 14, 57, 569–573 apparent plant, 145 biparental care. See parental care and mutualism, 224 aquatic insects, 376–383, 562 body odor, 34 flowering plants, 584 architectural complexity body odors, 42 global warming, 586–587 and herbivores, 152, 154 botanical insecticide, 121 mutualism, 254 area of discovery, 276, 280 bottom-up effects, 421–424 parasites, 311–315 arms race, 99, 142 brood care, 75, 80 adaptive syndrome, 431 coevolution, 172 bud break, 110, 134 adaptive zone, 14, 99, 174 arrhenotoky, 63 and host plant use, 113 additive effect, 286 ascorbic acid, 108 burrowing, 41 adult longevity, 397–398 assemblage age polyethism, 79 community, 100 canal, 125 aggregation behavior associational resistance, 45, 46, 152, canavanine, 128 host plant specialization, 165 155, 179, 467 cannibalism, 114, 269 aggregative feeding, 113 and natural enemies, 155 capitulum, 62 aggregative response, 37 associational susceptibility, 156 carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis, alate, 111 assortative mating 142, 146 alight, 30 plant-associated, 164 cardenolide, 45, 122 alkaloid, 45, 122, 125, 126, 217 ATPase inhibitor, 122 cardiac glycoside genetic variation, 136 attractant, 44, 45, 130 sequestration, 45 alkaloid transport system, 129 carnivory, 269 Allee effect, 353 barriers to herbivory, 105 carrying capacity, 190, 353, 388 allellechemical, 125 Batesian mimicry, 295 caste, 76, 79 allelochemical, 42, 121 beak length ant, 77 allelochemistry, 102 and host shift, 173 evolution, 82 allomone, 42 behavior, 27 caste formation, 319 allopatric speciation, 16 orientation, 28 catabolic enzyme, 126 alternative mating strategy, 58, 59 behavioral deactivation, 128 cellulose, 80, 124 altruism, 76 behavioral ecology, 25, 27 chemical communication, 46 evolution, 82 Beltian bodies, 239 ant, 77 altruistic behavior. See altruism bet hedging chemical defense evolution, 82 oviposition, 167 of caterpillars, 75 amensalism, 184, 185 bet-hedging strategy, 30, 383, 387 chewer, 102 ampulla, 55 biodiversity, 99, 537 chimeric, 80 ant mutualism biogeochemical cycling chisel-edged incisor, 121 lycaeinid caterpillar, 167 termite, 90 cladogenesis, 175

792 Subject index

cladogram concordance, 176 equilibrium, 459 copulation climate change, 171, 591 genetics, 471 prolonged, 60 carbon dioxide, 597–600 Gleasonian individualistic concept, corbiculum, 76 food web interactions, 598–600 458 cospeciation, 174, 321 herbivory, 598 organization coumarin, 45, 177 drought, 594 time, 475–477 counterattack, 296 herbivore outbreaks, 595–596 saturation, 459 courtship, 42, 54, 55, 377 migration, 588 compensatory feeding, 111, 386 vibration, 55 pests, 612 compensatory mortality, 270 crop pest phenology, 591, 593 competition, 10, 184, 185, 219, 424, evolution, 173 species range, 588, 591–592, 594, 552 crosstalk, 127 612 asymetric, 208 crypsis, 163, 294 temperature, 594 asymmetric, 10 cryptic species, 17

CO2 carrion-feeders, 211 cucurbitacin, 136 elevated and plant defense, 136 contest, 186 cuticular hydrocarbon, 76 co-adaptation, 159, 173 detritivores, 210 cyanogenic, 122, 126 coevolution, 99, 159, 172 exploitative, 185 cyanogenic glycoside, 45, 126 geographic mosaic, 174 importance, 207 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, plant-insect, 142 interference, 186 128 pollination, 174 inter-specific, 185 cytokinin, 132 coevolutionary arms race, 173 intraspecific, 353–354 coevolutionary coldspots, 174 intra-specific, 185 dance language, 29, 76 coevolutionary complementarity, 260 meta-analysis, 206 daughter, 76 coevolutionary convergence, 260 natural-enemy mediated, 187 deceit pollination, 247 coevolutionary hotspots, 174 omnivores, 209 decomposer, 100 coexistence, 196, 449 parasitoids, 213 defense equilibrium, 206 physical-factor, 187 behavior, 46 parasitoids, 215 plant-mediated, 187 colony, 88 collector, 104 predators, 212 defense behavior colonization, 456 scramble, 185 self destruction, 80 colonization hypothesis, 158 strength, 206 synchronized, 75 colony collapse disorder, 91 competition coefficient, 196 defensive behavior colony maintenance, 88 competition theory, 208 and functional response, 273 color perception, 29 assumptions, 196 deme, 169 comb, 76 competitive displacement, 189, 214 demic adaptation hypothesis, 168 comb construction. See nest competitive exclusion, 215 demography, 351 construction competitive exclusion principle, density dependence, 355 commensalism, 234 188 delayed, 356 communal, 74 concealed feeder, 102 inverse, 356 communication, 42 concealed feeders negative, 355 active, 42 specialization, 168 positive, 354 chemical, 42 conditional strategy, 59 density dependent passive, 42 conidia, 265 competition, 197 community, 11, 444 conservation, 9, 538 herbivory, 158 assembly, 461–464 constitutive defense, 122, 125 density independent, 356 Clementsian associational contest competition, 186 density-dependent, 185 concept, 458 cooperation, 352 detoxification, 122, 128, 129 component, 444 cooperative brood care, 73, 75, 76 detritivore, 74, 100, 114 compound, 444 co-pollinator, 174 diapause, 110, 134 development, 454 coprophagy, 249 diaspores, 226

Subject index 793

diet breadth. See host-plant range ecological stoichiometry, 105, 108 escape behavior, 293 concealed feeders, 168 ecological succession, 458, 567–569 escape hypothesis, 158 effet of natural enemies, 162 economic threshold, 221 escape-and-radiate coevolution, 172, host plant persistence, 164 ecosystem, 600–601 174 lability, 160 herbivory, 601–602 esterase, 128 parasitoid attack, 168 nutrient cycling, 423, 602–603 ethylene, 127 diet choice, 110 processes, 17 eucrypsis, 294 diet mixing, 108, 109, 166 ecosystem engineer, 88, 217 eusocial, 75 dietary specialization, 160 termite, 90 facultatively, 87 differentiation ecosystem function, 19, 90 eusociality, 75 plant tissue, 148 ecotone, 563 evolution, 82 diffuse coevolution, 173 ectoparasitoid, 213 evolution in termites, 83 digestibility reducer, 122, 124, 125 ecto-symbiotic, 114 evolution direct fitness, 82 effect coevolution, 172 directed dispersal hypothesis, 158 non-additive, 174 crop pest, 173 disc equation, 271, 272 egg guarding, 73 early insect, 4 discrete-time model, 280 egg mimic, 118 flight, 8 dispersal, 110, 111, 380, 433, 434, 606 egg production, 30 novel defenses, 174 long-distance, 30 elaiosome, 159 stabilizing selection, 394–397

polymorphism, 385–386 elevated CO2 evolutionary arms race disturbance, 573–575 foliar nitrogen content, 141 predator-prey, 296 diterpene, 125 herbivore performance, 141 evolutionary ecology, 19 diversity, 308 plant defense, 140 excretion, 128, 129 alpha, 538 tritrophic interaction, 141 exocrine gland, 77 altitudinal gradient, 563–569 emergent impact, 286 exophage, 102 insect responses, 564–568 emesis, 295 exoskeleton, 6 barcoding, 562 emulsion, 124 exploitative competition, 185 beta, 538 encapsulation, 326, 424 external rumen, 249 gamma, 538 endangered species, 609–610 extinction, 542, 554, 584 island size, 459–461, 544 endoparasitoid, 213 extrafloral nectar, 89, 238, 506–507, latitudinal gradient, 549–550 endophage, 102 529 hypotheses, 552–554, 558–560, endosymbiotic 562 bacteria, 175 facilitation, 184, 216, 219, 221 patterns, 556–561 endotoxin, 127 herbivory, 166 trends, 562–563 enemies hypothesis, 155 fecal shield, 274 resources, 465 enemy-free space, 162, 170, 187, 217, fecundity, 360, 366, 368, 375, 387, sampling, 9 494 390, 392, 396 diversity of insects, 9 ant mutualism, 167 balanced mortality hypothesis, 387 division of labor, 76 enemy-reduced space, 167 feeding at higher trophic level, 114 domatia, 240, 511–512 energy storage, 30 feeding compensation, 108, 109 leaf domatia, 512 entomophagy, 18 feeding guild, 100, 333, 362 myrmecodomatia, 511 environment competition, 208 dosage dependent, 124 abiotic factors, 523, 555–556 feeding stimulant, 130 drone, 76 pollution, 610–611 feeding strategy, 102, 108, 110 drought stability, 524, 552 female choice hypothesis, 56 plant defense, 137 stress, 522 fermentation chamber, 250 dung feeding, 114 environmental resistance, 354 fertilization equilibrium host plant effects, 107 ecological engineering, 179 coexistence, 206 filter chamber, 107 ecological niche, 447 number of species, 542 filter feeder, 104

794 Subject index

fire, 597 gall induction indicator species, 483 fitness, 48 aphid, 134 fragmentation, 433, 434, 558, flavonoid, 122, 124 gall initiation, 134 610 flight, 379, 385 garden heterogeneity, 547, 552 flightless, 46 leafcutter ant, 79 selection, 38 flight-oogenesis syndrome, 30 gatherer, 104 template, 384 food bodies, 507–509 gene-environment interaction habitat complexity food chain, 11 plant defense, 136 and intraguild predation, 289 food web, 11, 445 gene-environment interactions, and natural enemies, 155 compartmentalization, 470 135 habitat disturbance, 207 complexity, 478–482, 490 gene-for-gene interaction, 173 habitat location, 34 connectance, 469 genetic correlation, 162 habitat refuge, 290 latitude, 470 genetic drift, 17 habitat structure forager genetic linkage predator-prey interactions, 284 bee, 76 preference and performance, 165 haemolymph, 46 foraging, 34 genetically modified organism, 127 halophytic plant, 140 group, 88 geographic mosaic of coevolution, 174 Hamilton’s rule, 82 foraging behavior, 30, 34 giving-up time, 36 handling time, 271 patch time, 37 glabrous, 120 haplodiploid, 63, 82 formic acid, 77 gland haplodiploidy, 319 fortress defense, 87 eversible, 129 haplodiploidy hypothesis, 82 fossil global warming haploidy, 248 herbivory, 100 host shifts. See climate change Hassell-Varley model, 281 foundress plant defense, 137 hemimetabolous, 6 aphid, 80 glucose oxidase, 129 herbivore leafcutter ant, 77 glucosinolate, 44, 122, 124, 126. endophagous, 169 thrips, 80 See mustard oil herbivore attachment, 118 frass, 36, 603 genetic variation, 136 herbivore defense as kairomone, 45 induction, 216 behavior, 45 attraction, 45 glutathione S-transferase, 128 chemical, 45 free-living feeder, 102 glycophytic plant, 140 regurgitation, 45 frontal gland, 80 grazing behavior, 166 herbivore offence, 99 fruit borer, 102 green revolution, 178 herbivore sink functional response, 270 green world hypothesis, 514 hybridization, 137 prey-dependence, 275 greenhouse gas herbivory ratio-dependence, 275 plant defense, 140 aboveground, 217 Type I, 271 gregarious, 75 heteroblasty, 133 Type II, 271, 272 group selection, 87 heteronomy, 319 Type III, 272 growth rate hypothesis, 142, 147 high nitrogen plant parts, 109 fundamental niche, 189 growth-differentiation balance hilltopping, 51, 564 fungus hypothesis, 142, 148, 150 hive, 76 farming, 77 experimental test, 150 hive defense, 77 fungus garden, 79 guild, 10, 100, 102, 445 holometabolous, 6 furanocoumarin, 124, 136 gut symbiont. See symbiont holometaboly, 115 and host shift, 169 gyne, 80 homeostasis, 107 homeostatic mechanisms, 107 gall inducer, 102 habitat honey, 76, 91 gall inducing complexity, 613–614 honey crop, 76 host choice. See host choice corridors, 579 honeydew, 46, 81, 88, 107 oviposition preference, 39 degradation, 482, 610 enemy attraction, 45

Subject index 795

horizontal transmission, 175 ideal-free-distribution, 37 European crucible hypothesis, host abundance, 280 stable, 37 603–606 host acceptance, 34 immigration, 541 impacts, 606–609 host alternation, 113 inbreeding, 319 spread, 606–607 host associated differentiation, inbreeding depression iological control 165 plant defense, 136 classical, 297 host density, 280 inclusive fitness, 82 island biogeography, 456–458, host location, 34 indirect effect, 187 541–544, 547–548, 575 host plant indirect fitness, 82 isothiocyanate, 130, 144 cue, 130 indirect interaction iteroparity, 84 nitrogen effect, 108 competition, 219 nutrient sink, 75 indole glucosinolate, 125 Janzen-Connell hypothesis. phenology, 133 induced defense, 122, 125 See escape hypothesis seasonal phenology, 110 induced plant defense, 427, 428 jasmonate, 126 selection, 130 induced resistance, 125, 174, 187, 217 jasmonic acid, 126, 127, 144 spatial variation, 110 induced susceptibility, 216 switch, 113 infectious disease, 336 kairomone, 34, 37, 43, 45 variation, 110, 133 infrabuccal pocket, 77 reduction, 45 host plant abundance inocula, 77 key factor, 425 and diet breadth, 164 inquilinism, 247 keystone interaction, 89 host plant location, 128 insect outbreak keystone mutualists, 258 host plant specialization host range, 168 keystone species, 157 assortative mating, 165 insecticide, 343–344 kin selection, 82 host plant suitability, 166 insecticide resistance, 127 kin selection theory, 87 host race insemination, 60 king, 76 of herbivores, 165 intake target, 110 termite, 80 host race formation. See host integrated pest management, kleptoparasitic, 80 associated differentiation 65, 179 K-selection, 388 host range integument, 6 and parasitism, 168 interaction larvae effect of natural enemies, 162 direct, 11 campodeiform, 6 host selection, 132 indirect, 11 elateriform, 6 host shift, 16, 160, 170 interaction web, 424 eruciform, 6 agricultural crops, 171 interference, 219 planidial, 46 enemy-free space, 170 interference competition, 186 scarabaeiform, 6 similarity of plants, 169 interspecific competition vermiform, 6 host-plant range. See diet breadth defoliation, 208 lateral interactions, 184 host-race formation, 165 meta-analysis, 208 latex, 124, 125 hybrid bridge, 171 inter-specific competition, 185 latex canal, 216 hybrid zone dietary specialization, 164 laticifer, 125, 126 plant defense, 137 intraguild predation, 212, 215, 221, leaf abscission, 132 hydrogen cyanide, 126 269, 288 leaf age, 133 hydrogen peroxide, 46 intraguild prey, 288 defense, 133 hydroquinone, 46 intraspecific competition, 197 leaf chemistry hydroxycinnamic acid, 170 herbivores, 168 variation, 133 hyperparasitoid, 215 intra-specific competition, 185 leaf miner, 102 oviposition preference, 46 introgression, 172 leaf pubescence, 118 hyphae, 79 invasive ant, 92 leaf roller, 102 hypogeal, 250 invasive species, 603 leaf shelter, 217 hypopharyngeal gland, 76 costs, 614 leaf tier, 102

796 Subject index

leaf tying, 41 microbiome, 225 nutritional, 226 learning, 29, 36 microhabitat, 8, 102 pollination, 236 associative, 36 selection, 38 protective, 226 lek, 53 microhabitats transportation, 226 life history, 373 animals, 40 mutualist convergence, 315–317 plants, 40 adaptive radiation, 248 evolution, 379, 394 migration, 30, 385, 587 mutualistic, 184 trade-offs, 380, 385, 386, 393, 394 monarch butterfly, 31 mycangia, 81, 244 variation, 394 seasonal, 30 mycelia, 79 life tables, 357 mimesis, 294 mycelium, 244 mortality, 361 mimetic pattern, 295 mycetangia, 244 patterns, 361–366 mixed function oxidase, 128 mycetocytes, 252 survivorship curve, 358 mobile links, 258 mycetome, 114 life-history strategy monandry, 87 mycetomes, 244 competition, 207 monoculture mycorrhiza, 226, 233 lignification, 117 and herbivores, 155 mymecophyte lignin, 124 monogamy, 57, 84, 87 model, 257 lineage diversification, 174 monomorphism, 381 myrmecodomatia, 240 linkage disequilibrium, 162 monophagous, 100, 160 myrmecophile, 89 logistic growth equation, 190 locally, 102 myrmecophiles, 241 Lotka-Volterra model, 190 monoterpene, 125, 216 myrmecophily, 241 genetic variation, 136 myrmecophyte, 239 macroecology, 541 motivational state myrosinase, 126, 144 macronutrient, 108, 109 oviposition preference. malaria, 18 See mouthpart type, 102 natural selection, 48 mandibular gland, 34, 45, 76 Mu¨llerian bodies, 239 n-dimensional hypervolume, 189 mandibular wear, 117, 124 Mu¨llerian mimicry, 295 nectar, 46, 76, 502–503, 529 marking pheromones, 187 multiple parasitism, 213 nectar robbing, 246 mass attack, 130 multitrophic-level interaction, 43 nest construction, 39, 40, 76, 80 mate choice, 54 mustard oil, 44. See glucosinolate evolution, 85 mate competition, 61 mutual interference, 281 nest provision, 29, 38 mate guarding, 60 predators, 273 nestmate, 76, 77 mate location, 51 mutual interference constant, 281 neurotransmitter, 122 mate rendezvous hypothesis, 52 mutualism, 10, 184, 224 neutral limit cycle, 277 mate selection, 47, 377 ant, 88 neutral theory of biodiversity, 549 mating disruption, 67 ant-plant, 508 niche, 8, 15, 188 mating flight cheating, 245 actual, 448 bee, 77 conditional, 242 breadth, 447 mating investment, 62 context dependent, 242 fundamental, 448 mating plug, 60 effects on diversity, 260 overlap, 447 mating strategy, 28, 47 facultative, 224 potential, 448 alternative, 51 food-for-protection, 88 realized, 448 mating system, 57 geographic mosaic, 245 vacant, 450–454 mesophyll feeder, 104 history of, 260 niche divergence, 193 metamophorsis models, 255 niche expansion, 217 complete, 6 obligate, 224 niche release, 190 metamorphosis, 6 mutualisms Nicholson-Bailey model, 280 incomplete, 6 dispersal, 226 nicotine, 122 metapopulation, 432–434 exploitative, 226 nitrogen assimilation, 109 methanogenic bacteria, 115 indirect, 226 nitrogen content of plants, 107

Subject index 797

nitrogen dioxide preference, 39 pro-ovigenic, 375 plant defense, 142 preference-performance repellent, 46 nitrogen limitation, 105, 110 correlation, 39 reproduction, 376 nitrogen monoxide repellent, 34 search time, 36 plant defense, 142 stimulant, 130 secondary, 15 nitrogen tracking, 110, 113 oviposition preference, 160, 164 sex ratio, 319 nitrogen utilization efficiency, 108 and climate change, 171 silk attraction, 36 non-additive effect anthropogenic disturbance, 167 synovigenic, 375 of herbivores, 174 egg load, 164 trail odor, 46 non-consumptive effects learning, 164 parasitoid density, 280 of predators, 293 motivational state, 164 parasitoids, 269 non-equilibrium oviposition stimulant, 170 paratransgenesis, 265 coexistence, 206 ovipositional preference parenchyma feeder, 104 nontarget organisim, 127 age, 164 parental care, 57, 62, 73, 376–379 number expectation, 36 ozone parental investment, 47, 55, 61 numerical response, 270, 276 plant defense, 141 parthenogenesis, 63, 75, 319 nuptial flight parthenogenetic ant, 77 pairwise coevolution, 173 and diet breadth, 169 termite, 80 palatability spectrum, 295 parthenogenetically, 134 nuptial gift, 55, 62 paleoecology patch size nurse climate, 584–588 and herbivores, 152 bee, 76 diversity, 584 patch time allocation, 36 nursery pollination, 243 parallel cladogenesis, 175, 321 pathogen, 337 nutrient sink, 108, 113, 217 parallel diversification. per capita exponential growth, nutritional ecology, 107 See coevolution 190 parasite, 10, 305 per capita prey consumption, 271 obligate interactions, 184 damage, 329 performance oleoresin, 125, 126, 130 diversity, 307 and preference, 160 drought stress, 138 host behavior, 335 periodic oscillation, 277 olfaction, 28 host defense, 332 pest monitoring, 66 oligophagous, 102 host-parasite models, 338 petiolate abdomen, 85 omnivore, 110, 114 impact, 332 phase-plane model, 256 omnivores, 269 specificity, 311 phenolic, 125 omnivory, 37, 114, 490, 501–502, vertebrate defense, 335 phenolic glycoside, 126 503–505 parasitoid, 9, 305, 330, 558 elevated CO2, 140 oogenesis-flight syndrome, 30 attracted to flowers, 46 phenotype oothecae, 62 convergence, 317 extended, 320 operational sex ratio, 57 diversity, 319 phenotypic plasticity optimal defense hypothesis, 142 host behavior, 335 plant defense, 147 assumptions, 143 host defense, 332–333 pheromone, 42, 46, 53, 56, 85 optimal diet theory, 110 host finding, 36 aggregation, 130, 132 optimal foraging theory, 110 host location, 34 alarm, 42, 45, 75, 76 orientation, 29, 33 host modification, 34 epideictic, 42, 45 osmoprotectan, 140 hyperparasitoid, 15 eusocial insect, 76 osmoprotectant, 138 idiobiont, 330, 375 exocrine gland, 77 outbreak density, 185 koinobiont, 330, 375 orientation, 53 over-exploitation of resources, 185 life history, 375–376, 503 plume, 53 overlap of generations, 73 mummy parasitoid, 15 queen substance, 76 overlapping generations, 76 polydnavirus, 330 sex, 42, 45 oviposition, 34, 37, 38, 41 primary, 15, 46 trap, 67

798 Subject index

pheromones ozone, 140 polyphenol, 124 marking, 187 phenology, 133 population phloem, 107 pollution, 140 cycles, 412, 413, 419–420 phloem feeder, 104 resource availability, 142 natural enemies, 425–426 phloem transport, 113 salinization, 140 parasites, 338 phloretin, 133 spatial variation, 133 dynamics, 404–405, 407–408, 429–431 phoresis, 46 variation, 133, 142 abiotic factors, 416 phosphorous limitation, 105 plant defense hypotheses, 142 drought, 417 phosphorus limitation, 110 plant density long-term studies, 405 photonegative response, 30 and herbivores, 152, 154 mechanisms, 415–416 phylogenetic concordance, 175 plant diversity temperature, 416 See coevolution and herbivory, 157 growth, 352 phylogenetic constraints, 431 plant mating system exponential, 352 phytochemical, 43, 125 plant defense, 136 logistic, 354 phytochemistry plant part diversity limitation, 356 variation, 135 and herbivores, 152 Moran effect, 420 phytohormone, 127 plant size outbreak, 414–415 phytophage, 100 and herbivores, 152 regulation, 355, 407, 412, 425 planidia, 320 plant stress hypothesis, 137, 138 spatial dynamics, 432 plant plant vigor hypothesis, 39, 137, 139 stability, 355 age, 422–423 plant wax, 118 synchrony, 405, 420 architecture, 512–513 plant-mediated population cycle, 277 defense competition, 187 population eruption, 270 sublethal effects, 495 plant-mediated interactions, 208 population oscillation, 277 defoliation, 423 plant-provided food, 37 predation, 268, 269 genetic diversity, 471 pleiotropy, 162 refuge, 37 nitrogen, 421 pollen, 76 predator, 9 parasite, 323–325 pollen baske. See corbiculum foraging behavior, 524 pathogen, 597 pollination, 18, 36, 553 impact, 270 phenology, 422 bee, 91 intraguild predation, 517 productivity, 522, 552 coevolution, 174 non-consumptive effects, 516–517 secondary metabolites, 492 floral odor, 42 plant diversity, 468 species richness, 9 pollinator predator aggregation, 276, 282 stress, 417, 418–419, 594–595 conservation, 612 predator density, 277 vigor, 417, 419, 422 pollinator decline, 263 predator diversity, 290, 291 volatiles, 497–500 pollutant predator efficiency, 277 herbivore-induced, 497, 530 interactive effect, 142 predator facilitation, 290 plant apparency plant defense, 142 predator satiation, 271 and diet breadth, 164 polyandrogyny, 58 predator saturation, 272 plant apparency hypothesis, 143, 145 polyandry, 58 predator specialization, 270 plant colonization polyculture predator-prey equations, 277 and herbivory, 157 and herbivores, 155 preference-performance correlation, plant competition polyembryony, 319 161, 432 and herbivores, 156 polygamy, 58 genetic, 167 and herbivory, 157 polygynandry, 57 genetics, 162 plant defense, 99, 334, 427 polygyny, 53, 57, 93 preformed defense, 126 abiotic stress, 140 polyphagous, 102, 109, 110 preovipositional period, 46 cost, 143, 144 geographically, 102 prey environmental variation, 137 polyphagy, 167 density, 37 genetic variation, 135 polyphenism, 381 escape behavior, 37

Subject index 799

suppression, 270 reproduction saprophage, 17 prey density, 277 egg size, 377 scale prey extinction, 279 eggs, 386 attraction of parasitoid, 45 prey refuge, 282 iteroparous, 389 attraction of predator, 45 prey switching, 273 semelparous, 389 scramble competition, 185 prey vulnerability, 277 strategies, 375, 376 scraper, 104 primary plant metabolism, 121 timing, 389 searching time, 271 primary prey defenses, 294 reproductive behavior, 47 secondary chemical, 121 primary producer, 15 reproductive caste, 76 secondary host primary reproductive, 80 reproductive caste differentiation, 75 of aphids, 113 primary robbers, 247 reproductive castes, 73, 76 secondary metabolite, 121 priming, 127 reproductive isolation, 57 secondary prey defenses, 295 proctodeal trophollaxis, 249 resin, 124, 125, 126, 133, 161, 216 secondary robbers, 247 progeny, 48 resin duct, 125 seed dispersal pro-ovigenic, 63 resistance, 145 ants, 159 prostomata, 239 genetic basis, 136 seed/pod borer, 102 protease enzyme, 124 resistance-tolerance trade-off, 145 selection proteinase inhibitor, 124, 125, 126 resource colony level, 82 protogyny, 238 pulse, 525 group, 87 protozoa subsidy, 525 individual, 82 symbiotic, 83 resource abundance multilevel, 87 pseudoaggression, 247 and herbivores, 154 semiochemical, 43, 65 pseudoantagonism, 247 resource availability hypothesis, 147 Semiochemical, 42 pseudocopulation, 247 resource concentration, 467 semisocial, 75 pseudointerference, 187 resource concentration hypothesis, sequential radiation, 16, 165 pseudo-interference, 282 152, 155 sequester, 129 pseudoparasitism, 247 resource limitation sequestration, 45, 128, 129, 166, 493 pubescent, 120 plant defense, 149 and parasitism, 163 pulsed stress hypothesis, 138 resource partitioning, 193, 206, 287 protection from ants, 163 pyrethrin, 122 parasitoids, 215 sesquiterpene, 125 pyrethrum, 121 resource tracking, 173 setae pyrrolizidine alkaloid, 166 restoration, 485 adhesion, 121 riboflavin, 108 sex allocation, 63 qualitative defense, 122, 145 risk of attack sex ratio allocation, 63 quantitative defense, 122, 124, 145 plant defense, 143 sexual selection, 47 quantitative trait locus analysis, 162 risk of herbivore attack, 145 enlarged horns, 48 quasisocial, 75 risk spreading, 166 enlarged mandibles, 48 queen, 76 root feeder, 102 epigamic, 48, 55 ant, 77 rostrum female choice, 48, 54, 56 bee, 76 termite soldier, 80 intersexual, 48 evolution, 82 rotenone, 121 intrasexual, 48 termite, 80 round dance, 77 shade quest constant, 281 royal jelly, 76 plant defense, 146 r-selection, 388 shared enemy, 291 rare male advantage, 56 shelter building, 218 rate of increase, 277, 280 salicin, 126 shelter construction, 41 realized niche, 189, 216 salicylic acid, 127 shikimic acid pathway reciprocal selection. See coevolution salt stress, 140 plant defense, 147 refuge, 450 sap feeder, 104 shredder, 100, 104 repellent, 42, 44, 45, 46 sap-feeder, 102 shredders, 218

800 Subject index

sibling species, 17 sting group, 75 signaling pathway, 127 evolution, 85 thiamine, 108 silica, 124 stridulation, 55 thiocyanate, 126 silk, 41 subsocial, 63, 73, 250 time expectation, 36 silken mat. See silk suicide defense, 80 time lag, 356 silken scaffolding. See silk sulfur dioxide tolerance, 145 sit-and-wait predator, 288, 293 plant defense, 142 top-down effects, 426, 515 size, 308, 377 sun compass, 33 toxic chemicals, 493 slow growth-high mortality superorganism, 76 toxin, 122 hypothesis, 109 superparasitism, 213 toxin dilution, 110 slow-growth high-mortality superparasitoidism, 215 trachea, 6 hypothesis, 495–497 supplementary reproductive, 80 trade-off society, 73 surface wax, 116 physiological, 148 soil, 419 survivorship curves, 366 trail marking, 77 soil nutrient swarm caterpillars, 75 plant defense, 146 bee, 77 trail odor, 46 soil turbation, 88 mate location, 51 trail odors, 37 soil turnover, 88 symbiont, 114 transgene, 127 soldier, 79, 80 leafcutter ant, 79 transgenic crop, 127 aphid, 80 symbiosis, 10, 325 trap-lining, 36 termite, 80 microbial, 325 trenching, 130, 216 thrips, 80 transmission, 325 trichilia, 239 spatially-aggregated attack, 282 symbiotic trichome, 116, 117, 509–511 specialization, 314 mutualism, 224 dendroid, 117 herbivore diversity, 160 symbiotic bacteria, 80 glandular, 117, 118 speciation, 16, 99, 174, 554 symbiotic fungi, 80, 81 hooked, 118 starbursts, 174 symbiotic mutualist, 114 non-glandular, 117 sympatric, 165 symbiotic protozoa, 80, 83 stellate, 117 species sympatric speciation, 16, 165 triterpene, 125 -area relationship, 544–547 synchronous radiation. See trophallaxis, 76, 77, 80 cryptic, 562 coevolution trophic cascade, 290, 298, 514–515, eruptive, 412, 413, 431 synergistic interaction, 287 517–521 latent, 413 among predators, 290 trophic level, 11 outbreak, 412 synomone, 43, 45 trophic levels, 445, 490–491 species packing, 195 systemin, 126 trophobiont, 241 species richness, 291 trophobiosis, 241 sperm competition, 60 talking trees, 127 turgor pressure, 108 spermatheca, 60 tannin, 124 leafcutter ant, 77 condensed, 124 unapparent plant, 145 spermathecal duct, 56 elevated CO2, 140 spermatophore, 55, 56 hydrolysable, 124 vacant niches, 194 spermatophylax, 55 tannins, 423 vector spillover tarsal claw of animal pathogens, 18 associational susceptibility, 156 trichome grasping, 121 of plant pathogens, 18 stable coexistence, 193 temperature, 563, 564 vegetation diversity stealthy feeding, 129 terpene, 173 and herbivores, 152 stem borer, 102, 117 terpenoid, 45, 125 vegetation structure stem mother, 134 territory, 53 and herbivores, 152 sterile male technique, 67 tertiary prey defenses, 295 vegetation texture, 152 sterol, 108 thermoregulation and herbivores, 156

Subject index 801

vein clipping. See trenching wax, 76 worker, 76 vein-cutting, 216 plant, 116 ant, 77 venom, 85 wax comb, 76 bee, 76 vertical transmission, 175 waxy bloom, 118 polymorphic, 79 vitamin, 108 white ant, 79 sterile, 82 volatile, 42 wing dimorphism, 379–383, 385 termite, 80 wing polymorphism, 248 waggle dance, 76 wood borer, 102 xylem, 107 waggle run, 77 wood digestion, 248 xylem feeder, 104