A Polyandrous Society in Transition: a CASE STUDY of JAUNSAR-BAWAR
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Hjar 41 (1) 2015
HIMACHAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Vol. 41 (1), June 2015 DIRECTORATE OF RESEARCH CSK HIMACHAL PRADESH KRISHI VISHVAVIDYALAYA PALAMPUR-176 062, INDIA Regd. No. 8270-74 dated 13.12.1973 HIMACHAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Vol. 41 No. 1 June 2015 Page No. Contents Vegetable grafting: a boon to vegetable growers to combat biotic and abiotic stresses 1-5 Pardeep Kumar, Shivani Rana, Parveen Sharma and Viplove Negi Impact of rainfall on area and production of rabi oilseed crops in Himachal Pradesh 6-12 Rajendra Prasad and Vedna Kumari Impact of National Agricultural Innovation Project on socio-economic analysis of pashmina goat 13-19 keepers in Himachal Pradesh M.S. Pathania Production potential of rice-based cropping sequences on farmers’ fields in low hills of Kangra 20-24 district of Himachal Pradesh S.K. Sharma, S.S. Rana, S. K. Subehia and S.C. Negi Economics of post-emergence weed control in garden pea ( Pisum sativum L.) under mid hill 25-29 condition of Himachal Pradesh Anil Kumar Mawalia, Suresh Kumar and S.S. Rana Studies on the preparation and evaluation of value added products from giloy ( Tinospora cordi- 30-35 folia ) Sangeeta Sood and Shilpa Factors affecting socio-economic status of farm workers of tea industry in Himachal Pradesh 36-41 Parmod Verma and Sonika Gupta Assessment of yield and nutrient losses due to weeds in maize based cropping systems 42-48 Suresha, Ashish Kumar, S.S. Rana, S.C. Negi and Suresh Kumar Analysis of yield gaps in black gram ( Vigna mungo ) in district Bilaspur of Himachal Pradesh 49-54 Subhash Kumar, A.K. -
Polygynandry, Extra-Group Paternity and Multiple-Paternity Litters In
Molecular Ecology (2007) 16, 5294–5306 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03571.x Polygynandry,Blackwell Publishing Ltd extra-group paternity and multiple-paternity litters in European badger (Meles meles) social groups HANNAH L. DUGDALE,*† DAVID W. MACDONALD,* LISA C. POPE† and TERRY BURKE† *Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney OX13 5QL, UK, †Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK Abstract The costs and benefits of natal philopatry are central to the formation and maintenance of social groups. Badger groups, thought to form passively according to the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH), are maintained through natal philopatry and delayed dispersal; however, there is minimal evidence for the functional benefits of such grouping. We assigned parentage to 630 badger cubs from a high-density population in Wytham Woods, Oxford, born between 1988 and 2005. Our methodological approach was different to previous studies; we used 22 microsatellite loci to assign parent pairs, which in combination with sibship inference provided a high parentage assignment rate. We assigned both parents to 331 cubs at ≥ 95% confidence, revealing a polygynandrous mating system with up to five mothers and five fathers within a social group. We estimated that only 27% of adult males and 31% of adult females bred each year, suggesting a cost to group living for both sexes. Any strong motivation or selection to disperse, however, may be reduced because just under half of the paternities were gained by extra-group males, mainly from neighbouring groups, with males displaying a mixture of paternity strategies. -
Himachal Pradesh in the Indian Himalaya
Mountain Livelihoods in Transition: Constraints and Opportunities in Kinnaur, Western Himalaya By Aghaghia Rahimzadeh A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy and Management in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Louise P. Fortmann, Chair Professor Nancy Lee Peluso Professor Isha Ray Professor Carolyn Finney Spring 2016 Mountain Livelihoods in Transition: Constraints and Opportunities in Kinnaur, Western Himalaya Copyright © 2016 By Aghaghia Rahimzadeh Abstract Mountain Livelihoods in Transition: Constraints and Opportunities in Kinnaur, Western Himalaya by Aghaghia Rahimzadeh Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California, Berkeley Professor Louise P. Fortmann, Chair This dissertation investigates the transformation of the district of Kinnaur in the state of Himachal Pradesh in the Indian Himalaya. I examine Kinnauri adaptation to political, economic, environmental, and social events of the last seven decades, including state intervention, market integration, and climate change. Broadly, I examine drivers of change in Kinnaur, and the implications of these changes on social, cultural, political, and environmental dynamics of the district. Based on findings from 11 months of ethnographic field work, I argue that Kinnaur’s transformation and current economic prosperity have been chiefly induced by outside forces, creating a temporary landscape of opportunity. State-led interventions including land reform and a push to supplement subsistence agriculture with commercial horticulture initiated a significant agrarian transition beginning with India’s Independence. I provide detailed examination of the Nautor Land Rules of 1968 and the 1972 Himachel Pradesh Ceiling of Land Holding Act, and their repercussion on land allocation to landless Kinnauris. -
Mate Choice | Principles of Biology from Nature Education
contents Principles of Biology 171 Mate Choice Reproduction underlies many animal behaviors. The greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Female sage grouse evaluate males as sexual partners on the basis of the feather ornaments and the males' elaborate displays. Stephen J. Krasemann/Science Source. Topics Covered in this Module Mating as a Risky Behavior Major Objectives of this Module Describe factors associated with specific patterns of mating and life history strategies of specific mating patterns. Describe how genetics contributes to behavioral phenotypes such as mating. Describe the selection factors influencing behaviors like mate choice. page 882 of 989 3 pages left in this module contents Principles of Biology 171 Mate Choice Mating as a Risky Behavior Different species have different mating patterns. Different species have evolved a range of mating behaviors that vary in the number of individuals involved and the length of time over which their relationships last. The most open type of relationship is promiscuity, in which all members of a community can mate with each other. Within a promiscuous species, an animal of either gender may mate with any other male or female. No permanent relationships develop between mates, and offspring cannot be certain of the identity of their fathers. Promiscuous behavior is common in bonobos (Pan paniscus), as well as their close relatives, the chimpanzee (P. troglodytes). Bonobos also engage in sexual activity for activities other than reproduction: to greet other members of the community, to release social tensions, and to resolve conflicts. Test Yourself How might promiscuous behavior provide an evolutionary advantage for males? Submit Some animals demonstrate polygamous relationships, in which a single individual of one gender mates with multiple individuals of the opposite gender. -
Map by Steve Huffman; Data from World Language Mapping System
Svalbard Greenland Jan Mayen Norwegian Norwegian Icelandic Iceland Finland Norway Swedish Sweden Swedish Faroese FaroeseFaroese Faroese Faroese Norwegian Russia Swedish Swedish Swedish Estonia Scottish Gaelic Russian Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Latvia Latvian Scots Denmark Scottish Gaelic Danish Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Danish Danish Lithuania Lithuanian Standard German Swedish Irish Gaelic Northern Frisian English Danish Isle of Man Northern FrisianNorthern Frisian Irish Gaelic English United Kingdom Kashubian Irish Gaelic English Belarusan Irish Gaelic Belarus Welsh English Western FrisianGronings Ireland DrentsEastern Frisian Dutch Sallands Irish Gaelic VeluwsTwents Poland Polish Irish Gaelic Welsh Achterhoeks Irish Gaelic Zeeuws Dutch Upper Sorbian Russian Zeeuws Netherlands Vlaams Upper Sorbian Vlaams Dutch Germany Standard German Vlaams Limburgish Limburgish PicardBelgium Standard German Standard German WalloonFrench Standard German Picard Picard Polish FrenchLuxembourgeois Russian French Czech Republic Czech Ukrainian Polish French Luxembourgeois Polish Polish Luxembourgeois Polish Ukrainian French Rusyn Ukraine Swiss German Czech Slovakia Slovak Ukrainian Slovak Rusyn Breton Croatian Romanian Carpathian Romani Kazakhstan Balkan Romani Ukrainian Croatian Moldova Standard German Hungary Switzerland Standard German Romanian Austria Greek Swiss GermanWalser CroatianStandard German Mongolia RomanschWalser Standard German Bulgarian Russian France French Slovene Bulgarian Russian French LombardRomansch Ladin Slovene Standard -
BHADARWAHI:AT YPOLOGICAL SKETCH Amitabh Vikram DWIVEDI
BHADARWAHI: A TYPOLOGICAL SKETCH Amitabh Vikram DWIVEDI Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, India [email protected] Abstract This paper is a summary of some phonological and morphosyntactice features of the Bhadarwahi language of Indo-Aryan family. Bhadarwahi is a lesser known and less documented language spoken in district of Doda of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State in India. Typologically it is a subject dominant language with an SOV word order (SV if without object) and its verb agrees with a noun phrase which is not followed by an overt post-position. These noun phrases can move freely in the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. The indirect object generally precedes the direct object. Aspiration, like any other Indo-Aryan languages, is a prominent feature of Bhadarwahi. Nasalization is a distinctive feature, and vowel and consonant contrasts are commonly observed. Infinitive and participle forms are formed by suffixation while infixation is also found in causative formation. Tense is carried by auxiliary and aspect and mood is marked by the main verb. Keywords: Indo-Aryan; less documented; SOV; aspiration; infixation Povzetek Članek je nekakšen daljši povzetek fonoloških in morfosintaktičnih značilnosti jezika badarvahi, enega izmed članov indo-arijske jezikovne družine. Badarvahi je manj poznan in slabo dokumentiran jezik z območja Doda v regiji Jammu v Kašmirju. Tipološko je zanj značilen dominanten osebek in besedni red: osebek, predmet, povedek. Glagoli se povečini ujemajo s samostalniškimi frazami, ki lahko v stavku zavzemajo katerikoli položaj ne da bi spremenile pomen stavka. Nadaljna značilnost jezika badarvahi je tudi to, da indirektni predmeti ponavadi stojijo pred direktnimi predmeti. -
Negotiating Rapport and Shades of Participant Observation: Notes from Fieldwork in Jaunsar-Bawar P
J. Indian Anthrop. Soc. NOTES51:117-127(2016) FROM FIELDWORK IN JAUNSAR-BAWAR 117 Negotiating Rapport and Shades of Participant Observation: Notes from Fieldwork in Jaunsar-Bawar P. C. JOSHI Department of Anthropology, Delhi University Abstract: The paper tries to examine fieldwork based research strategy, especially focusing upon intricacies involved in establishment of rapport which involves highly complex negotiative interactions carefully calibrated by the anthropologist. Based on doctoral fieldwork of the author, it examines rapport establishment as systematic exploitation of the opportunities and breakthroughs that keep cropping up before the anthropologist during proactive interactions in the field. It is surmised that there can never be any codified prescription for the rapport establishment which can be seen largely as friendly interactions carefully maneuvered and steered by anthropologists for enhancing the quantity and quality of the data. Key words : Participant observation, fieldwork, rapport, Jaunsar Bawar Anthropological Fieldwork According to Powdermaker, “Anthropological fieldwork has been characterized by the prolonged residence of the investigator, his participation in and observation of the society, and his attempt to understand the inside view of the native people and to achieve the holistic view of a social scientist..” (Powdermaker, 1969:418). While this definition broadly outlines the context of anthropological fieldwork, for any neophyte anthropologist fieldwork entails walking through the labyrinthic pathways negotiating unique situations which will emerge in the field from time to time. The dilemma of a typical anthropologist seeking advice for a good fieldwork was aptly summarized by Evans-Pritchard as follows: I first sought advice from Westermarck. All I got from him was “don’t converse with an informant for more than twenty minutes because if you are not bored by that time he will be”. -
Priorities for Syngnathid Research
TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES No. 10 PRIORITIES FOR SYNGNATHID RESEARCH Keith Martin-Smith Version 1.0. February 2006 Suggested reference Martin-Smith, K. (2006). Priorities For Syngnathid Research. Project Seahorse Technical Report No.10, Version 1.0. Project Seahorse, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia. 10 pp. Online dissemination This document is available online at www.projectseahorse.org (click on Technical Reports link). Note on revision This document was revised and reprinted/reposted in March 2006. Previous copies of the report should be destroyed as this revision replaces the earlier version. Obtaining additional copies Additional copies of this document are available from Project Seahorse, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 Copyright law Although contents of this document have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted entirely, reference to source is appreciated. Published by Project Seahorse, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia Series Editor – Keith Martin-Smith i Table of Contents 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1 2. Summary of Priorities for Syngnathid Research.................................................... 1 3. Priority Life-History Parameters for Syngnathids.................................................. 3 4. References............................................................................................................ 7 ii PROJECT SEAHORSE TECHNICAL -
Multiple Mating and Its Relationship to Alternative Modes of Gestation in Male-Pregnant Versus Female-Pregnant fish Species
Multiple mating and its relationship to alternative modes of gestation in male-pregnant versus female-pregnant fish species John C. Avise1 and Jin-Xian Liu Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 Contributed by John C. Avise, September 28, 2010 (sent for review August 20, 2010) We construct a verbal and graphical theory (the “fecundity-limitation within which he must incubate the embryos that he has sired with hypothesis”) about how constraints on the brooding space for em- one or more mates (14–17). This inversion from the familiar bryos probably truncate individual fecundity in male-pregnant and situation in female-pregnant animals apparently has translated in female-pregnant species in ways that should differentially influence some but not all syngnathid species into mating systems char- selection pressures for multiple mating by males or by females. We acterized by “sex-role reversal” (18, 19): a higher intensity of then review the empirical literature on genetically deduced rates of sexual selection on females than on males and an elaboration of fi multiple mating by the embryo-brooding parent in various fish spe- sexual secondary traits mostly in females. For one such pipe sh cies with three alternative categories of pregnancy: internal gesta- species, researchers also have documented that the sexual- tion by males, internal gestation by females, and external gestation selection gradient for females is steeper than that for males (20). More generally, fishes should be excellent subjects for as- (in nests) by males. Multiple mating by the brooding gender was fl common in all three forms of pregnancy. -
Map by Steve Huffman Data from World Language Mapping System 16
Tajiki Tajiki Tajiki Shughni Southern Pashto Shughni Tajiki Wakhi Wakhi Wakhi Mandarin Chinese Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Wakhi Domaaki Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Khowar Khowar Khowar Kati Yidgha Eastern Farsi Munji Kalasha Kati KatiKati Phalura Kalami Indus Kohistani Shina Kati Prasuni Kamviri Dameli Kalami Languages of the Gawar-Bati To rw al i Chilisso Waigali Gawar-Bati Ushojo Kohistani Shina Balti Parachi Ashkun Tregami Gowro Northwest Pashayi Southwest Pashayi Grangali Bateri Ladakhi Northeast Pashayi Southeast Pashayi Shina Purik Shina Brokskat Aimaq Parya Northern Hindko Kashmiri Northern Pashto Purik Hazaragi Ladakhi Indian Subcontinent Changthang Ormuri Gujari Kashmiri Pahari-Potwari Gujari Bhadrawahi Zangskari Southern Hindko Kashmiri Ladakhi Pangwali Churahi Dogri Pattani Gahri Ormuri Chambeali Tinani Bhattiyali Gaddi Kanashi Tinani Southern Pashto Ladakhi Central Pashto Khams Tibetan Kullu Pahari KinnauriBhoti Kinnauri Sunam Majhi Western Panjabi Mandeali Jangshung Tukpa Bilaspuri Chitkuli Kinnauri Mahasu Pahari Eastern Panjabi Panang Jaunsari Western Balochi Southern Pashto Garhwali Khetrani Hazaragi Humla Rawat Central Tibetan Waneci Rawat Brahui Seraiki DarmiyaByangsi ChaudangsiDarmiya Western Balochi Kumaoni Chaudangsi Mugom Dehwari Bagri Nepali Dolpo Haryanvi Jumli Urdu Buksa Lowa Raute Eastern Balochi Tichurong Seke Sholaga Kaike Raji Rana Tharu Sonha Nar Phu ChantyalThakali Seraiki Raji Western Parbate Kham Manangba Tibetan Kathoriya Tharu Tibetan Eastern Parbate Kham Nubri Marwari Ts um Gamale Kham Eastern -
The Aesthetics of the Oral Traditions in the Jaunsari Tribe of Central Himalayas
125 The Aesthetics of the Oral traditions in the Jaunsari Tribe of Central Himalayas Ruchi Bisht * Abstract: This paper attempts to understand the aesthetic aspect of Oral tradition in the Jaunsari tribe of Central Himalayas. Language plays a vital role in the literature as it is the only medium to understand the beauty of literature. But when there is no proper medium to enhance the knowledge of any particular community, Oral tradition plays an important part in transmitting all the hidden treasure of human civilization to the next generation. Especially in the tribal society oral narratives are the only source to know about the particular tribe. As tribes are the creator, preserver and transmitter of their culture. Tribal societies are the real transmitter of the oral tradition as they assimilate the traditions in the life. For tribals, orality is not only a means of expressing the experiences of life, but it is the way of unique representation in the literate society. It is the medium through which one can understand the essence of any culture. The present paper discusses the importance of the oral tradition of Jaunsar region in this modern era and how the tribe is still nourishing and enhancing its culture. Why is oral tradition important in understanding the traditions, customs and rituals of a particular society? It is still important in understanding the cultural and religious beliefs of a society and the only source of collecting information about their past as well as for future. Keywords: Oral tradition, Jaunsari tribe, Assimilation, Aesthetics, Essence ral tradition refers to those traditions or cultures where human O knowledge is handed down and practiced by the words of mouth from one generation to the next. -
Factors Influencing the Diversification of Mating Behavior of Animals
International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology ISSN: 2639-216X Factors Influencing the Diversification of Mating Behavior of Animals Afzal S1,2*, Shah SS1,2, Afzal T1, Javed RZ1, Batool F1, Salamat S1 and Review Article Raza A1 Volume 2 Issue 2 1Department of zoology, university of Narowal, Pakistan Received Date: January 28, 2019 Published Date: April 24, 2019 2Department of zoology, university of Punjab, Pakistan DOI: 10.23880/izab-16000145 *Corresponding author: Sabila Afzal, Department of zoology, University of Punjab, Pakistan, Email: [email protected] Abstract “Mating system” of a population refers to the general behavioral strategy employed in obtaining mates. In most of them one sex is more philopatric than the other. Reproductive enhancement through increased access to mates or resources and the avoidance of inbreeding are important in promoting sex differences in dispersal. In birds it is usually females which disperse more than males; in mammals it is usually males which disperse more than females. It is argued that the direction of the sex bias is a consequence of the type of mating system. Philopatry will favor the evolution of cooperative traits between members of the sedentary sex. It includes monogamy, Polygyny, polyandry and promiscuity. As an evolutionary strategy, mating systems have some “flexibility”. The existence of extra-pair copulation shows that mating systems identified on the basis of behavioral observations may not accord with actual breeding systems as determined by genetic analysis. Mating systems influence the effectiveness of the contraceptive control of pest animals. This method of control is most effective in monogamous and polygamous species.