1956 CONGRESSIONAt RECORD - HOUSE 8197 ORE.GON UTAH And we pray, our Father, that we may Willard A. Hughitt, Redmond. Henry D. Malmgren, Centerfield. love mercy, that we may do justly, and Robert C. Wright, Taft. June I. Hunsaker, Honeyville. Roger C. S~oot, Talent. that we may walk humbly with God. Russell C. Neitzel, Westport. · VIRGINIA May the meditations of our heart and Catherine E. Weckerle, Winchester. R. Frazier Smith, Jr., Covington. the words of our mouth be acceptable in Hershel E. Boyd, Raven. Thy sight this day. We ask it in Christ's PENNSYLVANIA Ervin C. Brown, Sweet Briar. name. Amen. Joseph T. Hauser, Dda ware Water Gap. William W. Edwards, Union Level. Florence L : Willard; Derrick City. . The Journal of the proceedings of George N. Sterner, Dewart. WISCONSIN yesterday was read and approved. Edwin B. Kimmel, Elderton. Shirley E. Conway, Albany. Louis J. Prime, Emporium. Ruth E. Hogan, Ashland. Edward J. Flood, Flourtown. Roy Bump, Baraboo. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Wilmer E. King, Harrisburg. Elsbeth P. Jacob, Caledonia. James F. Timothy, Hazleton. Edward L. Williams, El Dorado. A message from the Senate, by Mr. John H. Hayes, Kersey. Joseph L. List, Pound. Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that John R. Deitcher, Jr., Line Lexington. Harold A . .Meyer, Shawano. the Senate had passed without amend­ William Robert Miller, Linglestown. Henry L. Yulga, Stevens Point. ment bills of the House of the following Millie Morelli, Ludlow. Hartvig J. Elstad, Whitehall. titles: William Lise Stephenson, Mahaffey. Raymond J. Chamberlain, Whitewater. H. R. 7228. An act to amend title II of the Fred D. Cleavenger, Mapletown. act of August 30, 1954, entitled "An act to Henry Douglas Carpenter, Middletown. authorize and direct the construction of Robert P. Icelow, New Hope. WITHDRAWAL bridges over the Potomac River, and for Charles M. ·Manwiller, Palmyra. other purposes"; and Alfred A. Yarnell, Petersburg. Executive nomination withdrawn from Donald C. Shaffer, Portage. the Senate May 15 New York, New Haven & Anita D. Wilkison, Hidalgo. fection of God. Hartford Railroad Co., Docket No. 346. Henry T. Davis, Justin. We thanlc Thee, Father, for the beauty In an earlier decision the Court required Robert D. Bohning, Lometa. of this spot and for the beauty of the the defendant to pay the plaintiff $90,- Joyce M. Kee, Melissa. springtime that is all around us, God's 000, which it did, and the plaintiff has al­ Mable D . Tompkins, Montague. great springtime. ready spent a large portion of the funds. Ruby L. Ferrell, North Zulch. We pray, our Father, that we may all Yesterday the Court said: Hal Singleton III, O'Donnell. hear, "I am the resurrection and the We deem our original order erroneous and Lester J. Fuzzell, Placedo. recall it in the interests of fairness. Allie Cayard, Port Neches. life"; and may there come to men the Doris F. Weiss, Sabine Pass. same beauty of growth and development I comment on this decision for two William W. Schulz, Schertz. as there is in nature. reasons. First, I would suggest that the Hal M. Knight, Sterling City. And now, our Father, we pray Thy Supreme Court recall the segregation Robert W. Davis, Texas City. blessing upon our young men on land, on order on the grounds that it was erro• Ila Mae Bullion, Truscott. sea, and in the air. Protect them from neous. This will .do more to restore order Charles S. Engle, Jr., Wolfe City. danger this day. and social cohesion in America than any 8198' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD...:..: HOUSF May 15-_ decision eve·r handed down ·by the su­ now holding in private employment a VICTOR RIESEL preme Court. Secondly, since the United · lucrative position in an area· ot·-present Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr: Speaker, states Government is responsible for its , race feeling reflected . upon the Negr-0 I ask unanimous cons·ent to address the torts, breaches of contracts, and errors soldiers of this Republic in a manner Hous..l for 1 minute, to revise and extend resulting in damages to citizens, I have ·· wholly unjustified and repugnant to me my remarks, and include extraneous introduced. a priv~t~ reUef bill reimburs- · as I am sure it was to the overwhelming matter.· ing the plaintiff, Raymond G. Cahill, to majority of the American people. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to compensate him for the error committed When I took the matter up with the the request of the gentleman from New by an agency of the Government, the . War Department I was assured that the Jersey? · Supreme Court. This will enable him to remarks of the retired general were con­ There was n·o objection. reimburse the defendant as directed by trary to the thi:,;iking and policy of the Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Speaker, the Court. Of course a subrogation War Department. one night early last month Victor Riesel, clause is included· in the bill to protect The action of the War Department as a New York labor columnist, stepped out the Government in the event of a second regards the discontinuance of the ROTC of a restaurant in New York City and recovery. program at Howard University was taken headed for his car. As he did so a thug in January last. That completely disas­ emerged from the shadows and threw PRIVATE CALENDAR sociates the action from the deplorable sulfuric acid in his face. Riesel gripped remarks of the retired general. Never­ his face in pain and staggered back into Mr. McCORMACK. · Mr. Speaker, I theless, there will be those who can be ask unanimous consent that it may be the restaurant to seek help. One month counted upon to promote such associa­ later, after making every possible effort in order for the Private Calendar to be tion in the popular mind. Failure of the called on Monday next. to save his eyesight, Mr. Riesel's physi­ War Department immediately to revoke cians announced that he would remain The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the order discontinuting the ROTC at the request of the gentleman from Mas­ blind permanently. . Howard University will be construed by What was the cause of this brutal and sachusetts? these of prejudiced mind as a War De­ There was no objection. cowardly attack? An hour before the partment concurrence with the remark assault Mr. Riesel had broadcast an at­ of the retired general. The order should tack on racketeering in the International SUBSTITUTION OF CONFEREES be revoked. · Union of Operating Engineers. He said The fact is that Howard University Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask later he was convinced that his denuncia­ unanimous consent that the gentleman· ROTC has made a great contribution to tions of extortionists in the union had from Massachusetts, Representative· our country and to the cause of race re­ provoked tne incident. . HAROLD D. DoNOHUE, be substituted for lations. The tragic case of Victor Riesel raises the gentleman from Massachusetts, Rep­ President Johnson, of Howard Uni­ serious .questions. Should Congress not resentative THOMAS J. LANE, as a con- · versity, states: immediately make a thorough and deter­ feree on the bill (H. R. 3996)- to further This is the place where the fight for the mined investigation of labor racketeer­ amend the Military Personnel Claims Negro's right for training for the officer ing? What causes such cold-blooded corps of the Army was staged. It would be Act of 1945. tragic indeed for the Army to disregard that violence? What can be done to stop oc­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to kind of contribution to its own morale. currences such as the Riesel incident? the request of the gentleman from New Must we expect other, even worse, ind­ York? To terminate this program now would, dents? Is present legislation adequate to There was no objection. as President Johnson said, be tragic. handle the problem of labor racketeer­ The SPEAKER. The Clerk will notify ing? How effective are present enforce­ the Senate of the change. ment procedures? These and many Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask COMMITTEE ON RULES other questions need to be answered. unanimous consent that the gentleman. Mr. TRIMBLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask Perhaps Mr. Riesel's sacrifice can fur­ from Masrnchusetts, Representative unanimous consent that the Committee nish us with 8i specific reason for looking HAROLD D. DONOHUE, be substituted as a on Rules may have until midnight to­ into a situation which should have been conferee for· the gentleman from Massa­ night to file a privileged report. investigated before now. chusetts, Representative THOMAS J. LANE, The SPEAKER. Is there oojection to A thorough congressional investiga­ on the bill H. R. 1637, an act for the the request of the gentleman from Ar­ tion of the type needed would ·require · a relief of Sam H. Ray. kansas? substantial appropriation and staff. In The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. order to do. Jllore than merely scratcn the request of the gentleman from New ·the surface of labor racketeering, ex­ York? tensive investigatory work should be re­ There was no objection. MURRAY W. CHOTINER quired. An -investigating committee The SPEAKER: The Clerk will notify Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, I . ask might find itself battling a large segment the Senate of the change. unanimous consent to address the House· of the criininal underworld. For these for 1 minute and to revise and extend­ reasons any co:qiinittee which under­ ARMYENDSROTCHELPATHOWARD my remarks. takes the job should first prepare itself Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to­ thoroughly. I ask unanimous consent to address the the request of the gentleman from Illi­ It is now late in the congressional ses­ House for 1 minute and to revised and nois? sion. This is also an election year. Un­ extend my remarks. There was no objection. der these circumstances the chances ap­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, I have been· pear slim that we could now get the the request of the gentleman from Illi­ following with interest the news stories thorough kind of investigation which the nois? on the case of Mr. Murray W. Chotiner. Riesel incident deserves. There was no objection. My attention was directed to a News­ On the other hand it seems a mistake · Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, week article published in 1951 in which to wait until next January before press­ I am deeply concerned at what I read in there was some criticism directed toward' ing the question. Now is the time for the Washington Post this morning that Mr. William M. Boyle, the national Congress to act. Even though an exten­ the Army will terminate its support of chairman of the Democratic National sive investigation this session may not the ROTC program at Howard Univer­ Committee. · At that time Newsweek be practical, ·we could start a prelimi­ sity. While this is explained as being a quoted the now Vice President. Mr: nary investigation. routine matter, I think in the ·public· NIXON' as saying: I am suggesting to the chairman of interest it should be reexamined by the The fact that the introduction comes from the House Education and Labor Com­ Army. This is no time for such action. the national committee.constitutes influence. mittee that he authorize such a prelim­ It is an instance in which a routine . Mr. Speaker, I would just like to point. inary investigation. He could appoint a administrative decision can have reper­ out at this time that the Vice President special subcommittee to survey·the possi­ cussions in the public mind not intended. seems to be -very strangely silent in the bilities of a full -congressional investiga­ Most unfortunately, a retired general case of Murray W. Cho tiner. tion into labor ·racketeering. It should 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8199 be possible to get such an initial inquiry will be -pursued with -renewed· vigor and potent in its capacity to win men's minds, underway with a minimum of redtape. determination." and not to exploit it spiritually to the Victor Riesel is a brave man. Despite . True, there have been. inves.tigations of labor racketeering by congressional groups full, is an act of omission and neglect I this personal disaster, he plans to con­ in the past, but they definitely were not find particularly appalling at a moment tinue his column and his. exposure of pursued with vigor and determination. when communism is molesting religious labor racketeering. Nothing can be They were half-hearted, inadequately faith and when different races here on done to restore Mr. Riesel's eyesight. financed, and they never got off the ground. our own soil are seeking mutual grounds But we can do something about exposing . There is clear indication that a perverted for cooperation and happiness. I am and punishing racketeers who com­ fear of antagonizing labor hamstrung some sure that the feelings expressed in my mitted this crime. Congress and the of these efforts. distric~the 10th of New Jersey-are ai What asinine nonsense. executive can cooperate in pressing As if hone-st elements inside· labor, as if duplicated almost everywhere in the relentless attack upon those elements honest unions had anything to fear from country. A few evidences of that feeling which undermine the substantial and an investigation of the criminal termites I submit herewith in the form of reso­ constructive work achieved over the which have bored into some union structures lutions favoring my idea adopted by such years by the responsible sections of .or­ and allied themselves with some union organizatlons as the Essex County ganized labor. bosses and some businessmen. Chapter of the Catholic War Veterans, I hope that those of my colleagues whq These are traitors to and exploiters of the St. Patrick's Day Parade Commit..: agree with me on this matter will join everything for which the name of labor tee, of Newark, N. J.; and the Raymond should stand. V. 3, in urging that such a congressional in­ Certainly such an investigation woul~ Ryan Division, No. of the Ancient vestigation be undertaken. have the support of George Meany, head of Order of Hibernians, and their Ladies' Mr. Speaker, in conclusion I would the merged labor movement, whose hatred Auxiliary Division, No. 14. I include like to include two items from recent for crooks is equal to his hatred for Com­ also a copy of House Joint Resolution 77 newspapers which are connected with the munists. · itself, and hope that an event in Ameri­ , Certainly a fearless, all-out and bipartisan can history, so pregnant with the noblest Riesel case: investigation would win the heartfelt thanks conduct of man, and so powerful in its [From the Newark Star-Ledger] of the American people--and particularly of appeal and its meaning for lifting up the RIESEL Is LABOR 's CONSCmNCE labor, meaning the men and women workers who so often are the powerless victims of hearts and the souls of men, will at long (By Irene Corbally Kuhn) venal intrigue. last win itself a place on the American The complete and permanent blindness in­ Here is an opportunity for a committee of. calendar of holidars. flicted . by· a·n u·nknown acid-throwing hood­ Congress (and . every Member of the group) Whereas the Honorable PETER W. RODINO, lum on labor columnist Victor Riesel sad­ tu make· a name for itself and put its. mark Jr:, has introduced the following resolution dens everyone who respects and cherishes a on the very history of the country. before the House of Representatives: courageous, valiant fighter. Victor Riesel is. Pour on the heat. · "Joint resolution designating the 3d day of my long-time friend and colleague; and the February in each year as Dorchester Day : only solace members of his profession can offer him is their obligation to tell his story LET US DO HONOR TO DORCHESTER "Whereas. the Army transport Do:rchester so no one can forget. was sunk _by: enemy action off the coast ot Victor Riesel, for perhaps 20 of his 41 years, DAY Greenland on February 3, 1943; and devoted his talents, energies, and principles : Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, I ask "Whereas four Army chaplains of different to two ideals: The improvement of the lot of_ religious faiths-George Fox, of Gilman, Vt., unanimous consent that the gentleman Methodist;· Alexander Goode, of York, Pa., the workingman in and through responsible from New Jersey [Mr. RoDINO] may ex­ labor unions, and the ultimate destruction, Jewish; Clark Poling, of Schenectady, N. Y., through exposure in free, courageous Ameri­ tend his remarks at this point in the Reformed Church in America; and John P. can newspapers, of gangsterism in labor, RECORD. Washington, of Newark, N. J., Roman Cath­ unions. He never forgot that his own father The SPEAKER. Is there objection to olic-lost their lives in the sinking of such died as a result of a beating at the hands of the request of the gentleman from New vessel while heroically serving their com­ labor goons, and this personal tragedy de­ York? rades and their country; and cided Vic's own course and shaped his pro­ There was no objection. · "Whereas each of these men was awarded· fessional life many years ag·o. posthumously the Distinguished Service Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, once Cross for services rendered to his country That the tragedy in the Riesel family again I rise to urge favorable action for should be compounded in the second gen­ above and beyond his prescribed duty; and · eration so much later is proof enough, if aQ idea that goes deep to the souls of "Whereas the conduct of these heroic men any more is needed, that the labor movement men and is pertinent, both nationally will forever be an inspiring example of cou-· in America has a terrible responsibility to and globally, to the conflict that divides rageous anci unselfish devotion to God and to root out the evils which still beset it. Hence­ people at home and nations abroad. country: Now, therefore, be it ' forth, Victor Riesel is labor's conscience; and This idea is given its official wording "Resolved, etc., That the 3d day of February his blindness is the symbol of a sacrifice that in my bill, House Joint Resolution 77. in each year is hereby designated as 'Dor­ will have been in vain unless the men who chester Day' in commemoration of the heroic What this resolution proposes is that the conduct of George Fox, Alexander Goode, share the interests and principles he fought third day of February in each year be· for carry on the fight for him. Clark Poling, and John P. Washington, the designated as "Dorchester Day." This Army · chaplains who lost their lives 1n the would commemorate the singularly sinking of the. Army transp.ort Dorchester on [From the New York Daily Mirror of May heroic episode of the four Army chap­ February 3, 1943. The President of the'United 12, 1956] lains of different religious faiths who States is hereby authorized and requested to POUR ON THE HEAT perished in the sea when the Army issue annually a proclamation calling upon We are indebted to Representative PETER transport Dorchester was sunk by enemy officials of the Government to display the flag FRELINGHUYSEN, Jr., Republican of New Jer­ of the United States on all governmental action off the coast of Greenland. Two buildings on such day and inviting the people sey, for a suggestion which should be put Protestants, a Jew, and a Catholic went into effect with the full force of the Congress. of the United States to observe the day in valiantly to their deaths together under schools, churches, and other suitable places The blinding, acid attack on Victor Riesel, in an appropriate manner." crusading Mirror labor columnist, raises the circumstances .of the highest human question whether existing legislation is ade­ drama, leaving behind them an object And whereas the Essex County Chapter of quate to combat labor racketeering, says lesson in self-sacrifice· and tolerance to the Catholic War Veterans is completely in FRELINGHU11'SEN. all mankind. favor of this resolution: Therefore be it Resolved, That the Essex County Chapter He proposes the appointment of a sub­ All of us are by now familiar with this of the Catholic War Veterans go on record committee of the House Education and· magnificent story so indelibly a part favoring said resolution and actively sup­ Labor Committee to go into the whole field. henceforth of the folklore of America. port and aid its passage. of labor racketeering and tl;le criminal de­ But it seems to me God has given us to Adopted February 20, 1956. basement of some sections of the union hand a biblical lesson in a 20th century THOMAS F. CLOHOSEY, movement. form that deserves more significant em­ Essex County Judge Advocate. "Mr. Riesel has lost his sight," says the New Jersey Congressman. "It is almost cer­ phasis than we as a people have given it. tain that the assault upon him resulte~ I believe it deserves a form of official RESOLUTION . from his courageous attack on labor rack­ · recognition that will forever annually Whereas the St. Patrick's Day Parade Com­ eteers and extortionists. The least we can remind us of the unity and the brother­ mittee, Inc., comprised of representatives of do on Mr. Riesel's behalf is assure him that hood of man and his identity with God. 53 Irish organizations, have learned with the fight against these criminal elements To be. given an instrum~nt like this, so pleasure of the introduction of House Joint CII--515 8200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 15 Resolution 77 by our Representative; PETER Army chaplains who lost their lives in the I am therefore in a position to state that W. RODINO, for the designation of Febru­ sinking of the Army transport Dorchester on serious discussions with responsible parties ary 3d of each year as "Dorchester Day" in February 3, 1943. The President of the are wen u~derway whereby the Wolfson in­ commemoration of the chaplains who lost United States is hereby authorized and re­ terests in Capital Transit would be elimi­ their lives in the sinking of the Dorchester: quested to issue annually a proclamation nated and the company would be reorganized Now, therefore, be it calling upon officials of the Government to under local ownership and control. My Resolved, That we commend the Honor­ display the flag of the United States on all statement is based upon personal discussions able PETER w. RODINO for l\is very thought­ governmental buildings on such day and in­ with the management of Capital Transit, ful act and we further implore him to secure viting the people of the United States to ob­ with representatives of Wolfson, and with a the passage of said resolution. serve the day in schools, churches, and other leading investment banking firm. The es­ Duly passed by the St. Patrick's Day Pa­ suitable places in an appropriate manner. sentials of the program are: rade Committee on March 10, 1956. 1. The company's franchise would be re­ HELEN C. CURRAN, stored and it would be accorded the same Secretary. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TRANSIT privileges and benefits which have been offered to various other groups of potential BILL RESOLUTION investors. The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ 2. In order to completely eliminate Wolf­ Whereas the Ancient Order of Hibernians, der of the House, the gentleman from son ownership and control, Capital Transit Raymond V. Ryan Division, No. 3, have would purchase the Wolfson stock at a fair learned with pleasure of the introduction of Massachusetts [Mr. HESELTON] is rec­ ognized for 15 minutes. price per share. Such stock would be retired. House Joint Resolution 77 by our Repre­ Concurrently, the company would offer to sentative, PETER W. RODINO, for the desig­ Mr. HE'SELTON. Mr. Speak.er, I ask purchase (for resale) and at the same price, nation _of February 3 of each year as "Dor­ unanimous consent to revise and ex­ the stock of any other stockholder. chester Day" in commemora.tion of the chap­ tend my remarks and to include the text 3. In order to finance the reorganization, lains who lost their lives in the sinking of of certain amendments he asked the the Dorchester: Now therefore be it the company would borrow the necessary Resolved, That we commend the Honorable Legislative Counsel to draft, as well as funds ( $5 million to $6 -million) against the PETER W. RODINO for his very thoughtful act certain other material bearing on the issuance of medium term first mortgage and we further implore him to secure the consideration of the District of Colum­ bonds. passage of said resolution. bia transit bill. 4. Both the borrowing operation and the Duly passed by the Ancient Order of Hiber­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to offer to stockholders would need to be un­ nians, Raymond V. Ryan Division, No. 3, on the request of the gentleman . from derwritten by responsible investment bank­ March 10, 1956. ing firms so that the company could enter ROBERT FASTOW, Massachusetts? into firm commitments with all interested President. There was no objection. parties. PETER C. KEELEN, Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, a.t Representatives of Capital Transit and Mr. Secretary. approximately 3: 15 this afternoon, a Wolfson have indicated to me that they reporter called me to inquire if I had seen would be prepared, in principle, to accept LADIES AUXILIARY, DIVISION No. 14, a copy of a letter, dated today, signed this type of arrangement. Moreover, the in­ ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS, by Mr. Daniel W. Bell, with reference vestment banking firm engaged in these dis­ Newark, N. J., March 23, 1956. cussions has confirmed to me that it is pre­ to the Capital Transit situation, or a pared to take the leadership in attempting Congressman PETER w. RODINO, news release, also of this date, quoting House of Representatives, to provide the necessary financing for such Washington, D. C. from a letter written by Mr. Louis E. action, provided normal investment banking DEAR CONGRESSMAN RODINO: We the Ladies Wolfson, with reference to the same situ­ standards are adhered to. Auxiliary, Division No. 14, Ancient Order of ation. I told him I had not seen either. I believe that a reorganization along the Hibernians, have learned with pleasure of He then brought them to my office. aforementioned lines and consistent with the introduction of House Joint Resolution Since the Capital Transit legislation the conditions imposed by each of the 77, by you our Representative for the desig­ is scheduled for action on the House parties is possible, and could be effected be­ nation of the 2d day of February each year floor tomorrow afternoon, I am includ­ fore August 14, 1956, given the enactment as "Dorchester Day," in commemoration of of legislation along the lines of H. R. 8901. the chaplains who lost their lives in the ing both at this point in the RECORD, I emphasize that while I am attempting sinking of the Dorchester. together with such comments as I feel fairly to report my own judgment of the Therefore it is with great pleasure that able to make at this time, as follows: position of each of these parties, I cannot we commend you for your most thoughtful AMERICAN SECURITY & TRUST Co., commit any of them-although they know act and we further implore you to secure Washington, D. C., May 15, 1956. that I am making this report to you. I the passage of said resolution. The Honorable OREN HARRIS, further emphasize that the investment Duly passed by the Ladies Auxiliary, Divi­ United States House of Representatives, banking firm in particular has made it clear sion No. 14, Ancient Order of Hibernians, on Washington, D. C. that its willingness to proceed is on the March 23, 1956. DEAR MR. HARRIS: I am writing you with assumption that the program will receive the (Mrs.) MARIE D. FASTOW, the greatest reluctance concerning the local cooperation of the District authorities, the President. transit situation, for I have no wish to in­ various regulatory bodies involved, the ject myself into the controversy. In fact, I public, and Capital Transit employees. House Joint Resolution 77 deliberately refrained from becoming in­ While these factors have not, as yet, been 1oint resolutior designating the 3d day of volved in this matter until it became ob­ fully explored I am confident such coopera­ February iu each year as "Dorchester vious that Washington was slowly but sure­ tion will be forthcoming with understand­ Day" ly drifting toward an unpopular and costly ing. Whereas the Army transport Dorchester public transit authority for want of any con­ I believe this summarizes the present was sunk by enemy action off the coast of structive alternative. Frankly, I was con­ situation and illustrates the critical im­ Greenland on February 3, 1943; and cerned lest a suggestion from me would be portance of the pending House action on Whereas four Army chaplains of different misinterpreted as "Wolfson" inspired, for H. R. 8901. With reasonable prospects for religious fl:tiths-George Fox, of Gilman, Vt., both the Capital Transit Co. and Mr. Wolf­ some such legislation I shall redouble my Methodist; Alexander Goode, of York, Pa., son are valuable customers of the bank of efforts to produce agreement on solving Jewish; Clark Poling, of Schenectady, N. Y., which I am president, and an officer of our Washington's transit problem on a basis Reformed Church in America; and John P. bank is on Capital Transit's board, as I used which would keep our transit system in Washington, of Newark, N. J., Roman to be. private hands and avoid the establishment Catholic-lost their lives in the sinlring of Still, something positive was, and still is, of an additional Government agency. such vessel while heroically serving their required. Moreover, as a small stockholder You are authorized to make such use of comrades and their country; and myself in Capital Transit, I had the distinct this letter as you deem proper. I should Whereas each of these men was awarded feeling that the non-Wolfson stockholder like to make it clear that I speak only for posthumously the Distinguished Service was the forgotten man in this whole situa­ myself as a Washington resident and tax­ Cross for services rendered to his country tion. As I reviewed the series of proposals payer. above '.'tnd beyond his prescribed duty; and made by various groups, it became more and Sincerely, Whe_reas the conduct of these heroic men more obvious that none of them was a prac­ DANIEL W. BELL. 'Will forever be an inspiring example of tical solution to Washington's transit prob­ courageous and unselfish devotion to God lems. Finally, in early March of this year, Representative OREN HARRIS, Democrat, of and to country: Now, therefore, be it with the encouragement of the then District Arkansas, chairman of the Transportation Resolved, etc., That the 3d day of February Commissioner Samuel Spencer, I took the Subcommittee of the House Interstate and in each year is hereby designated as "Dor­ initiative in quietly trying to develop a con- Foreign Commerce Committee, today an­ chester Day" in commemoration of the heroic structive new plan. We now have mad~ suf- .nounced Louis E. Wolfson has made a new conduct of George Fox, Alexander Goode, flcient real progress that I feel Justified in • offer to sell out his interest in the Capital Clark Poling, and John P. Washington, the reporting to you. · · Transit Cb. at a "fair and reasonable price" 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 820f if "the same offer is made to all stockhold­ the amount of stock ownership, if any, fair to expect the Members of the House ers." of the participants and of any persons to arrive tomorrow at any kind of a rea­ Mr. HARRIS said the offer was ma:de in a letter to him written by Mr. Wolfson Friday, represented and as to when any such sonable conclusion as to the merits of the day after he had returned from a 5-week stock was acquired? this program Mr. Bell submits today. I trip to Europe, received by the committee Third. Since Mr. Bell stated that, "in have no doubt that other questions of today. early March of this year, with the en­ vital importance, as to which it is hu­ In it Mr. Wolfson also concurred in the couragement of-the then District Com­ manly impossible for any of us to obtain decision of the board of directors of Capital missioner Samuel Spencer," he under­ satisfactory answers by tomorrow after­ Transit Co. to recommend to the 2,500 stock­ took to develop a new plan, is tne House noon, will arise in the minds of most holders of Capital Transit Co. that they con­ Members of the House. tinue in business if the House passes the to have the statement of Mr. Spencer as franchise restoration bil' worked out by the to this and the benefit of his views? Last Thursday, in view of the resched­ subcommittee. Fourth. Mr. Bell states that "serious uling of H. R. 8901 for consideration to­ The bill is scheduled for consideration on discussions with responsible parties are morrow afternoon, I obtained a special the House floor tomorrow. well under way whereby the Wolfson in­ order in which I stated: Mr. Wolfson, controlling stockholder of terests in Capital Transit would be elim­ However, I want to add that I have also Capital Transit Co. and chairman of its inated and the company would be re­ aslced the advice of the House Parliamen­ board of directors, said there had been hints organized under local ownership and tarian as to whether H. R. 10871 could be during his European trip "that negotiations incorporated in a motion to recommit, and were proceeding for tp.e sale of my interest control." Is the House to be informed as to whether the "responsible parties" he has advised me that this cannot be done. in the Capital Transit Co." While I do understand that the simple mo­ He declared that "over the past year I have were others than those now associated tion to recommit to the committee might be been offered substantially above the market with or favorable to the Wolfson inter­ offered, in view of the time element involved price for my stock only. That I turned ests and, if so, who they are? Is the and of all the circumstances, personally, I down. But there bas been no firm, busi­ House to be informed as to who is being do not believe that public interest would be nesslike offer made by anyone up to now considered t.o have "local ownership and served by such a recommital. for my stock and the stock of my fellow control" and is the House to have any stockholders. Proposals that I, alone, be These two developments of today lead bought out and thus remove the 'menace' information by tomorrow afternoon as me to change that opinion. would put me in the position of receiving to their willingness to undertake this a preferred offer at the expense of other responsibility and as to their back­ As of this moment, I believe it will be investors in the company. This I will not ground and experience? absolutely necessary, if the House is to consider." Fifth. Mr. Bell states that there are pass a considered judgment upon this Describing the terms under which he would four "essentials of the program" and proposed program, for it to have the ben­ sell, Mr. Wolfson wrote, "I have stated, and he outlines them in his letter. The first efit of as prompt and full an examina­ I restate to you, that my stock is not for tion of it as is possible by its committee, sale unless the ,same offer is made to all essential is that the "company's fran­ chise would be restored." He is frank resulting in a report which the House stockholders. I have stated I would be glad can have available. The committee to recommend to the board of directors any in his two later references to H. R. 8901. legitimate, firm offer with substance and Is the House to be informed why its could and, in my opinion, should call Mr. credibility that provided for a fair and rea­ repeal of the Capital Transit's charter Bell, Mr. Wolfson, and his associates, sonable price for the stockholders' equlty. and franchise of last August must be and the other participants in the re­ "I am willing to sit down, or have my ported conferences and discussions be­ representative sit down, with any respected, reversed? fore it, and when they can state all the responsible group, or individual, and nego­ Sixth. Mr. Bell states that "Capital facts fully and frankly and when they tiate price. Up to now this has not been Transit would purchase the Wolfson and these facts can be examined thor­ done." stock at a fair price per share." Is the oughly. I also believe that "the District Mr. Wolfson repeated an earlier offer, de­ House to be informed as to what such authorities, the various regulatory bod­ claring: a fair price is and how that figure has ies involved, the public, and Capital "If there are four other public-spirited been reached? citizens in Washington or elsewhere who are Transit employees," whose cooperation desirous of putting up money instead of Seventh. Mr. Bell states that "the Mr. Bell states is a prerequisite, so far criticizing, I stand on a former offer that company would borrow the necessary as the unnamed investment banking I will take all my stock and place it in funds-$5 million to $6 million-against firm is concerned, should have the priv­ escrow with the understanding I will not the issuance of medium term first mort­ ilege of expressing their opinions as to receive any dividends for 5 years if they, gage bonds." Is the House to be in­ the program put forward at th1s very after purchasing all other interests, will formed as to who is ready to make this late date. Therefore, it is my present also do so." loan and upon what exact terms? opinion that a straight motion to recom­ "In addition I will resign as chairman of Eighth. Mr. Bell states that "both the the board and as a director." mit, which I understand is the only kind borrowing operation and the offer to of such motion that can be made under Mr. Speaker, while I have studied these stockholders would need to be under­ the existing parliamentary situation, documents with as much care as possible written by responsible investment bank­ should be offered and it is my present in­ in the very limited time available, I do ing firms." Is the House to be informed tention to off er such a motion if I am not have sufficient information as to as to how far this prospective underwrit­ recognized for that purpose. I regret them so that I will be justified in stat­ ing has progressed and as to any of the that this seems to me to be necessary ing any conclusions. Rather I shall details as to the undertaking? because I know that time is of the es­ state several questions which they raise Ninth. Is the House to be informed as sence in this matter. But I feel confident in my mind and which I think may oc­ to what is meant by Mr. Bell's statement that my colleagues will understand why cur to many of my colleagues. I do want that "representatives of Capital Transit I have felt compelled to reach this con­ to preface these questions by saying that and Mr. Wolfson have indicated'' to him clusion now. I must add that I do not I assume Mr. Bell wrote his letter in good that they would be ·prepared to accept believe that any of those keenly inter­ faith but that I have no comment now as the type of arrangement Mr. Bell pre­ ested in a proper solution of the difficult to why Mr. Wolfson wrote his letter. sents in principle? problem confronting the House will feel These are my questions: Tenth. Mr. Bell emphasizes that "the that any possible blame can be attrib­ First. Are these letters more than a investment banking firm in particular uted to those who, in good faith, voted coincidence? has made it clear that its willingness to to repeal the c'apital Transit Co.'s char­ Second. Since Mr. Bell states that his proceed is on the assumption that the ter and franchise last August and who statement "is based upon personal dis­ program will receive the cooperation of felt compelled to oppose H. R. 8901 and cussions with the management of Capital the District authorities, the various reg­ the substitute reported by the majority Transit, with representatives of Wolf­ ulatory bodies involved, the public, and of the committee. I knew nothing what­ son and with a leading investment bank­ Capital Transit employees." Is the ever of these reported discussions or ing firm," is the House to be informed House to be informed tomorrow after­ negotiations. I doubt if any Member of of when these discussions occurred, who noon how that cooperation is to be se­ the House or of the Congress had any was present, and as to what leading in­ cured and evidenced? such information. And I am reasonably vestment banking firm has participated? These questions lead me to believe that certain that not a single Member of the Is the House also to be informed as to it·is wholly unrealistic and entirely un- House who is opposed to H. R. 8901 and 8202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 15 to the committee_substitute knows any­ purposes of employment and employment lie as of March 31, 1956, pursuant to thing as to the details of the proposed benefits under the Authority in a position, section 1211 of Public Law 763, 81st Con­ comparable to the position he last occupied gress, as amended, and was taken from program at this moment. while employed by such transit utility or in I am confident that my colleagues will any other position the duties of which he the Speaker's table, and referred to the understand that I cannot anticipate is qualified to perform, in accordance with Committee on Merchant Marine and what may develop in the few hours re­ any collective bargaining agreement then in Fisheries. maining before we must take this legis­ effect." lation up for consideration. With all REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB­ due respect to Mr. Bell, I still believe that LEAVE OF ABSENCE LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 10871 is much better legislation than the substitute the majority of the ­ By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ Under clause 2 of rule XIII reports of committee has recommended. It may sence was granted to Mr. WALTER (at the committees were delivered to the Clerk become necessary, in my opinion, to of­ request of Mr. McCORMACK) , for today for printing and reference to the proper f er it, if it is in order to do so and I am and the balance of the week, on account calendar, as follows: recognized for that purpose. of official business. Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. House Resolution 481. Resolution to con­ Last Thursday, in my special order, tinue in effect House Resolution 190 and I stated that several possible amend­ SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED House Resolution 386, 83d Congress; without ments to H. R. 10871 had been suggested By unanimous consent, permission to amendment (Rept. No. 2162). Referred to to me. I outlined their objectives and the House Calendar. expressed the hope that I would be able address the House following the legisla­ Mr. MADDEN: Committee on Rules. House to discuss them, and any others suggested tive program and any special orders Resolution 504. Resolution for considera ­ to me yesterday or today, and to place heretofore entered, was granted to Mr. tion of H. R. 9052, a bill to amend the Ex­ the precise language of any such amend­ BAILEY, for 20 minutes, today. · port Control Act of 1949 to continue for an additional period of 3 years the authority ments as I would feel justified in offering provided thereunder for the regulation of or supporting in the RECORD. EXTENSION OF REMARKS exports; Without amendment (Rept. No. I have the language as prepared for_ 2164). Referred to the House Calendar. me by the Legislative Counsel's Office but By unanimous consent, permission to Mr. MADDEN: Committee on Rules. House these developments of this afternoon extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL Resolution 505. Resolution for considera­ have prevented me from giving the study RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks tion of H. R. 9852, a bill to extend the De­ to their merits I intended. While I shall was granted to: fense Production Act of 1950, as amended, attempt 'to complete that study before Mr. CooPER and to include a press re­ and for other purposes; without amendment lease. (Rept. No. 2165). Referred to the House tomorrow noon so that I can discuss Calendar. them during debate if it seems necessary Mr. MULTER and to include extraneous Mr. O'NEILL: Committee on Rules. House to do so, I think I should include the matter. Resolution 506. Resolution for consideration specific language furnished me and it Mr. CELLER in three instances. of H. R. 10542, a bill to liberalize certain is as follows: criteria for determining eligibility of widows for benefits; without amendment (Rept. No. TO ELIMINATE RIGHT TO CONDEMN STOCK OF ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED 2166). Referred to the House Calendar. CAPITAL TRANSIT CO. Page 13, strike out lines 4 through 12, in­ Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee clusive, and-on' line 13 strike out " (c)" and on House Administration, reported that that committee had examined and found REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRI- insert "(b) ." VATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS TO REQUIRE THAT IF PROPERTY IS TAKEN BY truly enrolled bills of the House of the EMINENT DOMAIN, THE ENTmE INTEREST OF following titles, which were thereupon · Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports THE OWNER MUST BE TAKEN signed by the Speaker: of committees were delivered to the Page 17, after line 22, insert the follow­ H. R. 2057. An act for the relief of Edwin Clerk for printing arid reference to the ing new subsection: K. Stanton; proper calendar, as foliows: " ( e) In the event the Authority acquires H. R. 2893. An act to confer jurisdiction Mr. FORRESTER: Committee on the specific items of real property or tangible upon the United States Court of Claims to Judiciary. H. R. 11205. A bill to confer personal property by eminent domain pro­ hear, determine, and render judgment upon jurisdiction upon the United States Court ceedings under the provisions of this sec­ the claim of Graphic Arts Corp. of Ohio, of of Claims to hear, determine, and render tion, it shall take not less than the entire Toledo, Ohio; judgment upon the clai;ms of Roy Cowan interest in such items of property which is H. R. 5535. An act for the relief of S. H. and others arising by reason of the flooding vested in the owner thereof." Prather, Mrs. Florence Prather Penman, and of land in the vicinity of Lake Alice, N. Dak.; S. H. Prather, Jr.; without amendment (Rept. No. 2163). Re­ PERSONNEL AMENDMENTS H. R. 7164. An act for the relief of Lt. ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. Page 27, line 22, strike out the period and Michael Cullen; insert in lieu thereof a comma and the fol­ H. R. 7228. An act to amend title II of the lowing: "and shall make and promulgate act of August 30, 1954, entitled "An act to PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS rules and regUlations governing the condi­ authorize and direct the construction of tions of employment of such personnel as bridges over the Potomac River, and for Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public may be employed by the Authority, includ­ other purposes"; and bills and resolutions were introduced and ing, but not limited to, the selection, ap­ H. R. 8130. An act to designate the bridge severally referred as follows: pointment, reemployment, promotion, de­ to be constructed over the Potomac River in motion, suspension, and dismissal of such By Mr. CHELF: the vicinity of Jones Point, Va., as the H. R. 11232. A bill amending chapter IV of personnel, according to merit and fitness and "Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge." without regard to political, religious, or the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act racial considerations; the fixing of pay and making it unlawful to use so-called recon­ stituted, synthetic, homogenized, or reproc­ hours of employment; the establishment of ADJOURNMENT an employee grievance procedure; and the essed tobacco and for other purposes; to establishment of leave, welfare, and pension Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, I move the Committee on Interstate and Foreign privileges, subject to the provisions of any that the House do now adjourn. Commerce. · collective bargaining agreement then in ef­ The motion was agreed to; accordingly By Mr. DA VIS of Georgia: fect or thereafter adopted." H. R . 11233. A bill to amend section 204 (at 12 o'clock and 15 minutes p. m.) the (e) (1) of the Postal Rate Revision and Fed­ Page 28, line 20, insert after "officers" the House adjourned until tomorrow. eral Employees Salary Act of 1948 to remove following: "with less than 10 years' service." Wednesday, May 16, 1956, at 12 o'clock certain limitations with respect to the appli­ Page 28, line 22, ooginning with "sub-" noon. cation of special rates of postage for certain strike out down through "status and employ­ types of books; to the Committee on Post ment rights," on line 25. Office and Civil Service. Page 29, line 3, after the period, insert EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. By Mr. KILGORE: the following: "Any person employed by such H. R. 11234. A bill to amend the Long­ transit utility who is not, at the time the 1851. Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, a. shoremen's and Harborworkers' Compensa­ Authority acquires such utiilty, offered letter from the Secretary of Commerce, tion Act to insure that employers will be im­ transfer and appointment as an employee transmitting a report relating to war­ mune from suit for injuries for which com­ of the Authority shall, for a period ending risk insurance and certain marine and pensation has been paid; to the Committee August 14, 1958, have a right of seniority for liability insurance for the American pµb.- on Education and Labor. 1956 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD - HOUSE 8203 By Mr. McCARTHY: By Mr. PRESTON: and Lycoming County, Pa., urging immedi­ H. R. 11235. A bill to amend paragraph 1807 H. R. 11238. A bill for the relief of Raymond ate enactment of a separate and liberal pen­ of the Tariff Act of 1930 (relating to the G. Cahill; to the Committee on the Judiciary. · sion program for veterans of World War I importation free of duty of certain works of and their widows and orphans; to the Com­ art); to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. WILLIAMS of New York: · mittee on Veterans' Affairs. H. R. 11236. A bill to . amend the Agricul­ PETITIONS, ETC. 1037. By Mr. CRUMPACKER: Petition of tural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended, Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Mrs. Edna W. Hess, of Goshen, Ind., and and for other purposes; to the Committee on and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk other residents of Elkhart County, Ind., urg­ Agriculture. and referred as follows: ing the passage of legislation to prohibit the transportation of alcoholic beverage adver­ ------1035. By Mr. BUSH: Petition of George C. tising in interstate commerce and its broad­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Myers and other residents of Williamsport Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private and Lycoming County, Pa., urging immediate casting over the air; to the Committee on bills and resolutions were introduced and enactment of a separate and liberal pension Interstate and Foreign Commerce. severally referred as follows: program for veterans of World War I and 1038. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Her­ menegildo V, Santos, New York, N. Y., re­ By Mr. DAVIS of Georgia: their widows and orphans; to the Committee H. R. 11237. A bill for the relief of William on Veterans• Affairs. questing a favorable reconsideration of F. Daniel, Jr.; to the Committee on the 1036. Also, petition of Mrs. Margaret Senate bill 2627; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Kempf and other residents of Williamsport Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Study of Aluminum Industry Announced In the course of the study and the out the sense of inferiority which usually hearings, representatives from all seg­ marks colonial societies. It was common ments of the industry will be given ample for religious and civil leaders in the colonial EXTENSION OF REMARKS settlements to speak as did William Stough­ opportunity to submit relevant informa­ ton in the 17th century, asserting that "God OF tion to the subcommittee and to testify. has sifted a whole nation that he might send choice grain over into this wilderness." HON. EMANUEL CELLER This belief that Americans, as inhabitants OF NEW YORK Age of Maturity of a new land, and as people living under a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES new government, . were themselves also new and innocent, set apart from the stream of Tuesday, May 15, 1956 EXTENSION OF REMARKS tradition, has continued. It holds that Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, as chair­ OF Americans live in a condition of natural goodness, a state of existence or of mind man of the House Committee on the labeled "Adamism" by R. W. B. Lewis, and one Judiciary and also as chairman of its HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY OF MINNESOTA which leads us to accept, as Donald Creigh­ Antitrust Subcommittee, I announced ton, a Canadian, has written recently, that today that the Antitrust Subcommittee IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES we are the inhabitants of God's chosen con­ staff will undertake an extensive study Tuesday, May 15, 1956 t inent, that in North America, Canadians and of various conditions in the aluminum citizens of the United States are all just industry. Upon completion of the staff Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President,. re­ "folks," all members of one great big happy study the subcommittee will hold hear­ cently there appeared in a British pub­ family. ings on this industry. lication entitled ''The Listener," the The concept of innocence ts basically an­ British Broadcasting Corporation maga­ tagonistic to government and government The House Judiciary .Antitrust Sub­ zine, an excellent article by Congress­ action. One of the earliest American polit­ committee has long concerned itself with ical philosophers, Thomas P. Paine, expressed the aluminum industry. As part of the man EUGENE McCARTHY of the Fourth it in these words: "Government, like dress, subcommittee's examination into this in­ District of Minnesota. is the badge of lost innocence. The palaces dustry, a predecessor subcommittee­ Mr. McCARTHY · is an outstanding of kings were built upon the ruins of the the Subcommittee on the Study of Mo­ scholar in the field of political science bowers of paradise. Were the impulses of and political philosophy. His mature conscience clearly and irresistibly obeyed, nopoly Power-held hearings in January man would need no other lawgiver." and February 1951 in the course of which understanding of American government, coupled with his broad experience as a A point of view nearly identical with that 32 witnesses testified. Based upon this of Paine was expressed recently by Clarence comprehensive body of facts the subcom­ legislator and teacher of political sci­ Manion, former dean of the Law School of mittee reached unanimous conclusions ence, qualifies him to interpret the Notre Dame University. In his book, The American political scene. In his article Key to Peace, Manion states that govern­ in its report, submitted to the House on entitled ''Nation's Age of I:p.nocence Be­ 13, 1951. . ment is a necessary evil, and that in a com­ March coming One of Maturity," Congressman munity of saints the moral law would be Following this report, the Government EUGENE McCARTHY has related the his­ the only law needed to provide such a com­ and the industry adopted policies which torical growth of American participa­ munity with perfect peace, complete order, resulted in more than doubling the pro­ and universal justice. tion in international relations. It is an According to the theory of both Paine and ductive capacity of the aluminum indus­ article that should be read by every stu­ try. Manion the state arises from the evil or dent· of government and, in particular, bad will of men, and moreover this evil In addition to the increase of produc­ every officer of Government. I com­ and bad will remains the lasting justifica­ tive capacity, the independent fabricat­ mend it to the attention of my col­ t ion for government. A philosophy of gov­ ing segment of the industry has also leagues. ernment built upon this concept permits experienced a very substantial growth in I ask unanimous consent that it be the state only regulatory functions. this period. printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. This American attitude of innocence is Against this background the Antitrust There being no objection, the article reflected not only in the attitude toward Subcommittee deems it desirable to bring government and government officeholders, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, but even more sharply in reference to polit­ up to date the factual information con­ as follows: ical activities. Political party participation cerning this industry, which is most im­ is considered degrading by many citizens. portant not only to the civilian economy NATION'S AGE OF INNOCENCE BECOMING ONE OF MATURITY The person who claims to be nonpartisan, but to the national defense. or an independent voter, generally makes It is particularly important for the (By Representative EUGENE J. McCARTHY) his claim without apology, and as one who subcommittee to determine whether the Politics in the United States reflects the has chosen the better part. substantial expansion program of the American. belief in the basic innocence of It is popular to attribute to citizens power past 5 years has resulted in greater or Americans, a belief which has agitated the of discernment, simplicity, and soundness American mind .since the time of colonial of judgment. It is not popular to call upon lesser concentration and competition at settlements. American colonists even be-. the voters for self-examination or self-criti­ various levels from production through fore the Revolution conside:r·ed themselves a cism, or to ask them to question their own fabrication. · ·people set apart and above; they were with- previous judgment.