E?ISCOPAL. CHURCHPEOPLE 10r a FREE SOUTHERN AF~ICA E 339 ufayettl Stre.t. N.w YOr1(, N.Y. 10012·2725 C (2'2) 4n.o066 FAX: (212) 979-l·J13 S A #136 1 June 1993 fHE TIMES MONDAY MAY 31 1993 THE ORSERVER, SUNDAY 30 MAY I~3 Right-wing rally PAC raid shows De Klerkis no threatens Pretoria longerin control ...... :401.. other negotiator.; to close WIlli armed·revolt Johannesburg ranks. Allleter ap.rka Compounding the concern is the growing suspicion that the PRESIDENT F. W. de Klerk raid was planned in collusion • Worriedat apparent progress by has been exposed as the with the newly-formed Afrika iators onagreeing an election date. emperor with no clothes by the ner Volksfront, headed by four THE South. African go¥em revelation last week that he was retired military generals, ment was gi¥en an ultimwm . t-wing Afribners have given the South not told about the massive raid including the former Chief of ~ open taJks on Afri . goyernment a six-month ultimatum on the Pan-Africanist Congress the South African Defence kaner5eJkfderminationwith E Force, Gen Constand Viljoen, which threatened the constitu- in six months or face armed , tional talks. with the deliberate intention of rewJlt carri«t shotHW1S 01' bolsaemi mands by the far riBbt have The fact that his police chief provoking a walk out by the Bugene Terre·Blanche. pislDb. There wee scufIIes grown more beli8erenl in and Minister of Law and Order PAC. te.der 01 abe ne
TIII';ClJ/\IWI/\N WORLD NEWS 5 1\·1ullclay 1\1J\' 24 )~NI .' Mandel-~ ~ttempts to hide retreat on co~stit-~tio-n~th-mi li~~-t-d~-~'~nd~to-multi-p-artytalks
I I ANC poised to back compromise a~ed ~lId l'll'elpd cllnsli!ul'IlI "ss"llIhl,·. francllise for childrpn 14 attempt to camouflage.the com· . Tilt, I\NC g""rmltlPlIl h;,,"(' Devld-...... ord IIla("k groups taking part ill thp III' said children a~l'd 12 had promise. At the weekend he ;1ln'a,11" al'rp"d '''I tlH' prinripll' 1n.~"'-burlJ I11<.!Jti·p~rly' 1~lk.s call1lPl h" rOil' "'It school 10 fight for Ul1Ik· made an extraordinary der.1and of PIlWP!' <;II:1r!!lI;. which Clp p(,;lr~ ~IIPPf)rl sidrrrd repITSl'nt"lh,' ill Ih,,1 honlo 11'1' Sizwe. the I\NC"s Illil,· that the franchise be extended 10 (,l1joy gellf'ral TIll' r"p(,rt of Ihl' I(·("hlli..al IhI)\' Iw\'c not heell rlp("tp,\. TI,,' l;1ry wing. ,tllLl it Wa!' ull~rcl'pl· HE African National to children aged 14. He also an· IIl~1 Cflllllllill{'C ;1 gnHlp (If ('iglil I\Nl~ d"Ilips tl,,~ Il'gilil1l;{("Y III ;d,11' "llms" at the lor('lrolll Congress is on the nounced 'Ihat the ANC would b~lllc ~Iltlll'gall',pl'ris II", pn''''111 Iricalllt'ral padi,,· "f lilt' muSI 1101 l'Otl'" verlle of 8url1!nderlng unilaterally announce a date "
FOR WEEK No. 21 FROM 19/05/93 TO 25/05/93
One hundred deaths and 189 injuries were recorded during this period. The death toll is more than double the figure of 36 recorded last week.
Main events: * P\NV: The PWV death toll of 66 is the highest recorded this year. 64 of these deaths occurred in tOlNT'lShips on the East Rand. Violence on the East Rand was sparked off on the 22nd May"when at least 14 people were knled in clashes between supporters of theANC, the IFP and the pplice during 8:'m:uch by A."JC supporters through Thokoza;. The worst affected townships were Katlehong (26 deaths) and Thokoza (25 deaths). During the 3 days prior to this incident, violence in the PWV region had caused just 2 injuries. * ~: The HRC recorded 19 deaths in this region. Monitors in the region report that the casuatty toll may well be higher - however, specific details are still unavailable. * W Caoe: accounted for 10 of the 15 deaths recorded oUtside of the PWI/ and Natal. * Security Force action accounted for 8 deaths and 28 injuries. 7 of these deaths occurred in townships on the East Rand of the PWV. There were also reports of police firing at residents in a number of these townships for no apparent reason. * Attacks against the security forces resulted in 12 deaths and 11 iniuries. E Rand: Incidents of violence in this sub-region claimed the lives of 50 people and left 84 injured. Thokoza: accounted for 19 deaths and 71 injuries. • The violence began on 22 May when at least 9 people were killed and at least 69 injured in clashes between ANC supporters and Inkatha hostel dwellers during a march through the township by ANC supporters. It was reported that: * before the march, a member of the police Intemal Stability Unit informed the organisers that IFP supporters were dancing outside the Thokoza hostel and that police would monitor their activities; * the march was stopped about 100m from the hostel complex in Khumalo Street when the march organisers saw hostel dwellers brandishing weapons in the street and outside the hostel; * the Wits-Vaal Peace monitor on the scene, asked that the route of the march be changed, but the march organisers responded that as the m?rch had already gone on so far it couid not now be altered; * organisers of the march proceeded to the local police station where they asked for police· reinforcements; * a shot was fired from the hostel and an exchange of gunfire between the marchers and hostel dwellers ensued; * the marchers alleged that the police fired at the fleeing marchers; * a spokesperson from the local hostel association denied that the marches were attacked by hostel dwe[lers; * the police at first denied they had opened fire during the incident, but later said they had opened fire in an attempt to restore order. lhokoza: On 22nd May 5 ANC supporters were reportedly killed When police opined fire during an ANC protest march through the township (see General Incidents). 4 of these deaths reportedly occurred when police fired on marchers attempting to retum to Phola Park. The East Rand Civic reported that, on the sarne day, 6 schoolchildren were allegedly shot and injured by police. At the time of publication no other details were available. Phols Park: 2 youths were killed when police fired into shacks as they chased youths allegedly involved in a stoning incident Soweto: A Peace Action monitor was arrested. Vaal In Evaton damage to property was reported when police raided the offices of the Civic and the home of a Civic organiser. $owetc)": On the 19 May damage was caused in an arson attack against the home of.ANC NEC and SACP central committee member, Sydney Mafumadi. This was . the second attack against Mafumadl's home in 48 hours. E.CAPE One person was IdJled, 4 people were Injured and 160 arrested in Security Force action in the region. Cradock: 2 teachers were injured and 123 arrested when police used birdshot and rubber bullets to disperse a SADTU picket demonstration outside the pofice District Commissioner's office; also, ponce fired rubber bullets at a group of ANC Youth League supporters who had gathered outside a mobne police station in Ungelihle township and had reportedly refused to disperse when ordered to. Members of the crowd reportedly threw stones at the police after they were ordered to disperse. No injuries were reported. Port EliZlbeth: 7 PAC members, inclUding the chairperson and Vice~alrpersonof the PAC regional structure, were arrested in a police swoop on the homes of PAC activists and the PAC regional office; and, the ANC YL reported that 30 of its members were arrested, one of whom was allegedly assaulted, during a prOtest picket. Burgersdorp: The A1iwal North Advice Office reported that an 18 year old ANC member was shot dead and a 7 year-old-child injured when a policeman shot into a yard. It was also reported that police are harassing residents of the area who have embarked on a boycott of white-owned businesses.
BORDER Security Force action accounted for 4 arrests. King William's Town: At least 4 PAC members were arrested in a police swoop on the offices of the PAC's Border Region. A police spokesperson reportedly refused to comment on the raid and refused to state how many people had been arrested. Tarkastad: Police reportedly teargassed a group of about 40 youths who were attempting to embark on an illegal march. No injuries were reported.
BOPHUTHATSWANA In Mmabatho 6 students were injured when homeland police fired rubber bullets and tear gas on students who were boycotting examinations at the University of Bophuthatswana. NATAL Durban: 3 ANC members were killed in 2 separate incidents in Umlazi. Midlands: accounted for 8 deaths and 6 injuries. Bulwer: 5 ANC members and a 5-month old baby, were shot dead, by unknown gunmen during a protest march. A number of people were reportedly injured. Wembezi: 2 IFP supporters were shot dead and 6 others injured, when a taxi transporting IFP supporters was ambushed. N Coast accounted for 4 deaths. Eshowe: An ANC member was shot dead by an unknown gunmen; and a man was killed during clashes between ANC and IFP supporters. Gezinsila: An ANC member, was shot dead by a gunmen who entered his home; and an IFP member was shot dead by an unidentified gunman. S Coast: accounted for 4. deat'1s a"d 2 injuries. Bhobhovi: 2 people were killed and 2 others injured, when gunmen, allegedly including a white man, attacked a house; and, in another incident a man was shot dead on his way to work. KwaMakhutha: A prominent ANC member, Dazu Meyiwa, was shot dead by unknown gunmen.
E.TVL ed' . h No deaths or injuries. However, in Langverwacht 3 white men escap inJury, w ~n the car they were travelling in was attacked by a group of about 300 men; and In Middelburg a white woman, escaped unharmed, ~hen her. car was shot at on the old Middelburg road. Both incidents appear to be raCially motivated.
W. TVL. .. In what appears to be a reaction to a boycott of white-o~ed bUSinesses In . B1oemhoff people wearing AWB uniforms have been bar:'ng blacks fro'!! entenng the town and intimidating Indian shop-keepers who continue to trade with black people. Black resident have been unable to petrol fr~m ~ny of the white owned petrol stations, and the only Indian owned petrol ~atlO~ IS un~le to opera~e as . black workers have been intimidated by alleged nght wlOgers Into not coming to work. ... PhlUp van Nlekerk in Johannesburg talks to Tokyo Sexwale, a veteran of war and an apostle of peace, who Reluctantheirto is tipped to succeed his murdered friend. AS South AfriCa balanced on a cro~' knife-edge this week - with toBani's angry crowds looting the cities and the government vacillat ing about action - it was At • memorial service for 'When people understand Chris Hani who was missed. Hani in central Jobannesburg this, I think we will be able to And people naturally began last week, SawaJe said: control the feelings, the mood castina around for a successor. 'There .' are people who are of the people. We will be able . One of the tint in line to trying to take advantage ofthe to channel it. take the place of the assassi fact thaJ • white man struck .'I use the example ofwhat • nated Communist leader is the him [Hani] down. But we say: man who was tint to reach his remember that it was the eye car does when it skids on a wet bullet-shattered body in the road. There's only one thing driveway of the Dawn Park of a white woman who you can do: don't play with home last Saturday: his close brought the assassin to us.' that steering, you must release friend Tokyo Sexwale, who Events have revealed that the brakes before you can lives just around the comer in both the ANC and the govern bring it back under control.• the formerly whites-only sub ment have a constituency It is a sentiment that even to represent the political cen urb.. i problem. The ANC risks los government Ministers share. tre, against the fo~ of the During the past week, Sex mg the support ofthe militant Constitutional Development far left and the far right that wale has rocketed from being black youth in the townships, and Planning Minister Roelf have come so close to tearing a regional leader to one with a while the National Party is Meyer this week agreed that South Africa apart. national and international battling to allay the fears of a an election date had to be set The understanding of the profile, second only to ANC white minority alarmed by as '000 as possible. deal that the National Party preside~t scenes oflooting and chaos. Nelson Mandela. . The ~on1 is t~t the and the ANC are working Sexwale views the assump But the situation, said Sex 'Nationar~ Party, havinl towards is that the former tion that he is the new Hani WlI1~ ANC chairman in the expended three decades of represents the majority of the with distaste:- From his Witwatersand region, needed energy in banning the ANC whites and the latter repre- cramped Johannesburg office, to be understood 'in the con and jailing its leaders, now sents the majority of the amid the chaos ofpreparations text of Martin Luther King's desperately needs to share blacks. The longer the talks for one ofthe biggest marches assassination, where you had power with it. A state repre drag on, the more this in South African history, he over 36 cities burning in sentative of the white minor assumption is being chal said he could never replace the America'. ity alone, increasingly viewed lenged. people's hero. As he spoke there was a as illegitimate by the crowds The ANC leadership has 'There's an unfair focus on march outside the window. 'I in the street, cannot even per already stuck its neck out by me as someone who may be don't even know what this one form normal crime-preven appealina for racial c:atm in the the ~ential heir apparent to is about,' he said. Chris,' he said. 'Chris was a tionwork. wake ofthe Hani assassina close friend. We admired one Sexwale is. insulted at On Friday afternoon, Sex tion. Mandela was booed at char~ by the §overnment wale was in the middle ofdeli Soweto on Wednesday when another very strongly and we he suggested that the ANC came to work very, very that It is the ANC s responsi cate negotiations. The police bility to control the youth. wanted to impose emergency would have to work with De closely. Klerk and the National Party 'But no one is going to take 'The militant youth are the rule on the Witwatersand. the place of Chris. Don't mis leadership of tomorrow - we The ANC and the peace secre to construct a new South take thedisciple for Jesus.' trust them, we like them,' he tariat, set up under a multi Africa. . Like Hani, the former chief said. 'If we say march, they party pea~e accord, were 'That is the danger of lead of staff of the ANC's military are there. They are foot-sol opposed to It. ership,' said Sexwale. 'We are diers. In elections, they'll be . 1 ne answer IS not the wing, Sexwale, who was jailed nmning for us., . exposing our underbelly. for 13 yean on Robben Island storm troops. T4ere's a dan 'But there is no alternative. for guerrilla activities, is a The central problem, he ger that they're going to put a Not when we have worked so military man. said, was that the government lid on the powder keg, and hard for so long. Great leader 'Tokyo' is his nom lkglUTT', had been dragging its feet in then we'll have lost. Ifthere is ship shows itself by going left over, he said wryly, from a negotiations. -A date for an emergency rule, I have no role ahead ofits followers during a childhood love of karate. eiection that would restore to play at this level,' he said.. moment of crisis, uncertainty 'ActualIr,' he said, 'I'm legitimacy to government 'Emotions are running and confusion. Gabriel. He is from the tint needed to be set as soon as high. If you declare an unrest generation ofchildren to grow area, it means you can't dem 'In Vietnam, the Americans possible. called it going on point. You up in Soweto. His father, He said: 'It can't be busi onstrate or hold rallies with Frank, saw service in North 'go 9P pqint, you are killed,'W ness as usual. There is a new out asking a policeman tint. ~ed Africa durinJ the Second urgency. We need to have a You will.need an iron boot to sailJi with '. 1!f: World War and was among a rule, and"at that time the lead erelllCe Ja-T~~'ed group of a-.rvicemen who enhip of the ANC will be iJo- friei1d.· ":' purchased plots' in the. first 'If0 OTll isgoing to. lated.· ,. ANC· .. .ec:retary-generaI resident1al section ofwbat was iake tJuplac,td . ,~ 'Peo le still ·se the Cyril RamaphOsa admitted to mu~hroom into South lead~p of Man~But if that Hani's murder was put Africa's largest township. Chris. Doh.'t mistad the government undercuts ting a strain on the negotiatina A short man with • deep, this leadership it will leave process, but said talks would baritone voice, Sexwale baa the discipkforJesus.' them naked and exposed and have to be speeded up because the same flasha of charisma compromised.' 'ifthey do not gather momen that made HaDi an inspira transitional executive in place tum, worse could happen and tional1elder. His public mes The police finally agreed now. not to impose emergency rule the process could be bogged sage of reconciliation last 'The youth are exasperated. do~' week resembled Hani's last as long as the ANC could con People are feefu.1J that they' trol ~he Dl.,,"chers. This dramatic pleas for peace. He must take something from ~ Be would DOt elaborate but the rough ODe has attempted to bold the tiDe this. It's not a case of saying showed that despite 'tUtainly of the worst against racial retribution for the ANC should deliver - we rhetoric for public consump t;bings that could happen the kiIlina. can't deliver what we don't tion, the ANC and the would be another assassma have. The government has to National Party are united by .lion. Mandela has justiflllbly deliver. the desire to. prevent the become one of the most country polarising along racial heavily guarded leaders in the lines and to restore stability world. andarder. Together, they have come . i THEGUARDIAN Friday April 30 1993 S African murderer SA generals - - -~ ready to ki II again• form group to
THE GUARDIAN ,Tuesday May 4 1993 fight black rule
New freedom of expression has produced a action shot-guns. Hogan inVi~ed i standsbeweging (AWB) was. one to lire some shots in the ai David hr••ford surprisingly, absent. horrifying testimony from a racist, writes for the camera_ - In ",oha_.burll Two scnior, serving police of· The gunman gestured' to"va licers addressed the mtoctinl; un David Beresford in Johannesburg the proudly smiling White Wo ORMER commanders of the present security situation. and said: "I am only faking illt the Sout h African mili but were asked to leave imme· structions from my leader_" I tary and police have sc diately after they h..d spoken. T WAS not quite up to the trist who had examined him ..It's disgusting." agreed Pres Fcretly set up a self-styled The former security force standards of cross-examina after the Pretoria massacre ex ident F. W. de Klerk's personal "Committee of Generals" to commanders making up the tion 'by a .silk. but Allan pressed horror, warning that spokesman. Dave Steward. as lead resistance to Pretoria's Committee of Generals arc: IHogan made his point. he was perfectly capable of kill· Hogan played him a recordin;: handover to majority rule. :l Gen Viljoen. who led the de· Pointing at a courting black ing again. But government offi· ofthe Strydom Interview. The committee includes some fence force during the years of couple, lost In a personal nir cials said they had obtained his "But ... what do we do orthe most notorious rightwing South AJrican military adven· vana on a park bench in Pre assurances ofgood behaviour. hold up a whole constitutional figures in the security forces turism - masterminding the toria, the Australian television The value of the assurances process for one person who is a during the apartheid era. Their invasion of Angola and the de producer asked the White Wolf: was brought home as Austra kook?" inaugural meeting was also stabilisation of Mozambique "Tell me this: if I could give you lian television took him -on a Meanwhile another whit~ attended by politicians. includ· through covert support for Ren a gun now, would you like to go tour of his murderous exploits. farmer was reported yestenlay ing at least two MPs from the amo. The general retired three and shoot those blacks over "Tell me. when you kill a to have been murdered on his rightwing Conservative Party. years prematurely. in 1985. to there?" black man, do his children miss small-holding north of Pretoria, Among the former security go farming. Rightwing extrem· "Definitely, yes," replied Bar their father as much as a white the sixth white farmer killed in force commanders on the live ists hal'e long wanted him to end Strydom. The answer was child would miss its father if he eight days. man committee are General lead them, but the Silverton chllling, not only for the readi died?" Hogan asked. Gert Johan Dave!. aged 63. Lothar Neethling. who has been meeting is the first indication ness to kill. but because he had was found tied up and strano accused of supplying hit squads he is prepared to return to pub· done just that on the spot where gled. His local MP, And",,,, with poison for use against anti lic liJe. he was standing - on the route TV executives are Gerber, reacted by demanding apartheid activists: l.ieutenant· ,I Gen Neethling. the former Strydom took in 1988 when he government action against the General Ticnie Gruenewald, a head uf' the 1)<,Ii<.:e furen!>i<.: !>er shot dead seven blacks at ran now stampeding ANCancl PAC. controversial former chief of vices \\'ho retired last Year. The dom in South Africa's adminis· Calling for the arrest of stalT of military intelligence, general was brought -to South trative capital. to establish "radical agitators who ..dvocate and General Cunstand Viljocn Africa as a ....ar urphan, of Nali South Africa is going through the murder of white farmers," former commander·in-chief of parents, under a programme what seems to be a Prague their 'progressive' the MP said: ..It is government South Africa's armed forces. run by local sympathisers to Spring. Freedom of expression who released murderers into The committee was estab· the Third Reich. He has been has never before been enjoyed credentials society and. "dth its spineless lished at a meeting at Silverton. accused by local newspapers of as much as it is now, particu action. created a climate oJ near Johannesburg, on April 21 supplying poison used by police larly where the broadcasting lawlessness." - the day after the assassina· assassins to murder ANC actil'· !. services are concerned - tele· "Yes, I do think so," agonised He did not appear to be refer· tion of the general secretary of ists. He is currenUy appealing '1 vision executives stampeding to Strydom. ring to the White Wolf. , the South African Communist against a Supreme Court dis· establish their "prol:rcssive" "And the black wife would • The South African govern· Party, Chris Hani. A Conserva missal of a libel action he ! credentials with the black polit grieve as much as a white ment asked parliament yester· tive Party MP, Clive Derby· brought against one newspaper. I ical leaders they expect to be wife?" day to approve a minimum livo· Lewis, is among those being ,1 Gen Groenewald. the former .1 their future political bosses. "Yes. it's possible," he year jail term for the illcgaJ held in connection with the intelligence chief who has been :1 . So it was, on Sunday night conccded. possession of automatic weapons murder which police are blam involved in shadowy actil'ities . Jess than 24 hours after the kil1- "Hut what if you had killed a of the type used to kill five whit!;? ing on a rightwing conspiracy. recently involving the home· ing offive whites in East London black policeman who was 01T people on Saturday. i There are fears thaI the for lands. Operating through a - that South Africa's pay televi· duty and a supporter of your The deputy law and order mation of the committee her· com'pany he has set up in Pre· sion channel, M-Net, broadcast a regime?" minister, Gert Myburgh. sai(] aIds a move towards rightwing toria, Multi-Media Sefl'ices. film which put a different per The White Wolf began panting that 495 people had been killed extra·parliamentary action and Gen Grocne....ald is believed to spective on violencc_ and giggling. before deciding: last year in attacks with AK-47 unity behind the I:enerals. The have acted as an adviser to the The short documentary on "He would be in the same cate assault rines like thosc uscd in death last weck of the leader of Concerned South Africans Barend Strydom was made by gory as other black people." Saturday's attack. the Conservative Party, An· Group (Cosag) - an alliance of the Australian 60 Minutes pro At another point in the docu A Democratic Party:Mf'. dries Treurnicht has left a lead· the white right and homeland gramme and amounted to a ter mentary, Hogan filmed Stry Tony Leon. quoted newspaper ership vacuum. governments - which i~ ho~tjle riJying indictment of the stan· dom and his young wife Karen investigations showing that A Conservative MP who to the ANC. He has been dards of law and order in South at their fortress-home outside AK-47s could be bought frolll addressed the Silverton meet· accused of responsibility for the Africa. Pretoria. M07.ambique for :lO rand (£6.r.o) ing. Dries Druwer, evuked the ~nt schism betv.'een Chief Strydom was released last On the battlements of the or a bottle of brandy. Boer war and the leadership Mangosuthu Buthelezi's In· September on parole as part of house stood two men masked in then of Afrikanerdom by the katha Fr~om Party and the a political amnesty. A psychia· balaclavas, cradling pump- , likes of General Christiaan de Dc Klerk lIdmini~tration. Wet and General Koos de la 1I Lieutenant General Koos Rey. He said the time of the gen BischolT, a former army chief of erals had come again. operations ...."ho was recently The Silverton meeting was named chairman of the Conser· attended by a curious mix of valive Party's "Frecdom Coun· ligures from rightwinR Afrikan cil", set up to mobilise support erdom. Apart from the Conser· for the right .... ing cause_ vative Party there were repre D Lieutenant·General Coblls sentatives of smaller groupinb5 Visser, former head of the such as the Herstigte Nasionalc South African CID and a mem Party and the comparatively ber of a rightwing paramilitary moderate Afrikaner Volksunie. group, the Pretoria The neo·Nazi Afrikaner Weer- Boerekommando. SUNDAYl6MAYl993 _THE OBSERVER Boerfrolll the . bushunites thewildRight
Allister Sparks enigma of the man. If the p?si majority - as a state within a revolution. They exchanged the tion of the Boer-volk - Afrika- federal South Africa. He accepts violence of Umkhonto we Sizwe in Pretoria meets ner nation - is ignored, he Afrikaans-speaking 'Coloureds' (the ANC's guerrilla arm) ~d Constand Viljoen, the says, if they are not given more (people of mixed-race) as part the AK-47 for the greater vlO man Afrikaners hope time to present their case for of the Boer-volk, and believes lence ofmass action.' 'self-determination', who that together they could win a The 'first phase of the com will lead them to the knows what might happen? But one-person, one-vote election revolutio~', in this state, giving Afrikaners pletion of. the in promised land. for the moment, no. 'I have accordance with revolutwnary accepted that we have switched 'self-determination' on a 'non A~C AN ENIGMATIC figure has from a military strategy to racial basis'. ideology, was for the to surfaced on the turbulent right- negotiations.' If that is where Viljoen hopes subject the black popuiatlOn. to wing of South Africa's white Viljoen uses the right-wing to lead the consolidated right its control. This it did by g010g extremist politics. General Con- term Boer-volk in preference to wing it would be a negotiable into the townships and killing stand Viljoen, the former Chief Afrikaner, but in some other proposition - and a ·c~en~ thousands. It was a well ski~fully of the Defence Force, has the . respects he differs sharply from ing one for the ANC, which IS planned operation, potential to unite the Right's the main extremist groups. ready to be accommodating but coupled with the presentation of fractious elements into a formi- Unlike them, he thinks De fears a proliferation of tri1;la1 a new image of reasonableness dable force - but, equally, Klerk was right to release Nel states that would create a senes through 'the soft-spoken [ANC might stabilise them into some- son Mandela when he did and ofpotential Biafras. Secretary-General) Mr Cyril thing more rational and man- begin negotiating with the Afri Ramaphosa, the expressions of But it is not clear whether statesmanship by Mr Mandela, ageable. can National Congress and this is what Viljoen has in mind. and the apparent changes of Viljoen, who led South other black nationalist groups, His background is not even that economic policy by the Com Mrica's lightning invasion of but believes things have gone of a true-blue Afrikaner munist Party'. Angola in 1975, has left the awry since then. There must be Nationalist. He is the son of a This had fooled the govern obscurity of a bushveld cattle a delay to rectify the errors, he 'Smuts family': devout follow ment into believing it was deal ranch to become an instant hero says, then the negotiations can ers of Generals LoUis Botha and ing with genuine negotiators to these wild men. resume. Jan Smuts who made their peace rather than dedicated revolu The death of the courtly Con- It is hardly war talk - for the with the British after the Boer tionaries dominated by the servativ.e Party leader, Andries moment. Viljoen is cagey about War and strongly opposed the Communist Party. Treumicht, removed the one his personal views. He insists he Afrikaner Nationalist Party But in the next breath, Vil restraining·element in this vola- is 'a co-ordinator, not a leader', which rules today. joen was explaining that the real tile community. Treurnicht's and that publicly to declare his Even more remarkably, Vil problem was that the ANC had successor, the hard-liner Ferdi politics would divide the groups joen's identical twin, A~raham, lost control of its youth. The Hartzenberg, was elected yes- he is trying to unite. is closely involved With the country was now in a state of terday and immediately reaf- So he declines to define Afri ANC - putting the two peas 'runawav revolution', with the firmed his goal of establishing a kaner 'self-determination', the from this Mrikaner pod at danger that power could endup white homeland. core right-wing demand which opposite ends of the political in the hands of more radical In the overcharged atmo- to some means a secessionist spectrum. groups such as the Pan-African sphere following Chris Hani's Boer-state and to others some Talking to him is disconcert ist Congress. assassination, the Right's blood lesser form ofethnic autonomy. ing. His sharp mind is caught in 'I think this is the reason why is up over the arrest of three One clue may be that Viljoen the paranoic time-warp of the there is such a big rush now to Conservative Party members turned up at the resumed con Great Communist Conspiracy complete the negotiations. The for the murder and a series of stitutional negotiations s~ and the strategic concept of a thinking is that if there is an I random attacks on white farm- weeks ago as an advi:ser to ~e Total Onslaught against South ers. Afrikan~l' Volksume. This election this will bring the Africa, which the military-secu youth back to their senses.' But 'Lead us! Lead us!' yelled group, led by breakaway Con rity establishment developed 6,000 angry Afrikaner farmers, servative MP, Andries Beyers, the answer, according to Vil during the Seventies and Eight joen, is rather to slow things some armed to the teeth, when has taken up a position on the ies. His perceptionS and lan down. Suspend the negotia Viljoen addressed a rally on 7 left flank, as it were, of the Far guage belong to the P. W. tions, let the ANC regain con May in the western Transvaal Right. Bothaera. trol of its young radicals, and town of Potchefstroom. They Beyers talks not of secession Viljoen has been isolated on then resume the talks. This time wanted the dapper little gen- but of the demarcation ofa sec his farm since retiring four with the Boer-volk ready to eral, snowy-haired at 59 and tion of the western Cape Prov years ago. He has had no first present their case properly. with piercing pale-blue eyes, to ince - in which he believes hand contact with the rapidly He was unclear how the ram take them into the 'Third Boer Afrikaners could command a pant radicals were to be pla War' which many dream will changing South African political scene, viewing events through cated by a delay that would halt what they see as President the lens of his understanding of increase their frustrations. Yet a F. W. de Klerk's capitulation to' 'revolutionary ideology' formed moment later the intelligent black majority rule. a decade ago. mind was at work again, The crowd was ecstatic when explaining that the explosive he accepted the leadership of a Thus Viljoen spent much of potential of right-wing anger new Volksfronf (People's Front) the interview giving a convo needed to be defused by draw aimed at co-ordinating the luted explanation of why the ing the Boer-volk into the nego dozen or so parties of the Far negotiating process had gone tiating process. Right into a single alliance. wrong. It was right to release 'My role,' he said, 'is to con But the extremists could be Mandela and begin the talks, he vince these people that to stay mistaken. 'I'm not for fighting,' said, but De Klerk had given out of these negotiations will Viljoen said in an hour-long them too much freedom within leave only one option, the mili interview in Pretoria last week. too flimsy a security structure. tary option - and I don't 'I'm not available for that role 'The ANC and the Commu believe in that. They must be - for the moment.' Mandelas " wa. right to nist Party saw in this an oppo~ given time to act responsibly.' That afterthought reflects the free him. aap VlQoen. tunity to complete thel!" ~ THE INDEPENDENT ON SUNDAY 23 May 1993 Destiny imposes its own apartheid on twin brothers ofthe white tribe Karl Maier finds out why
TIIEIR cold blue eyes, white hair tlraam was in the InstitUTe for a "Being soldiers, we ItUdied Democratic Alternative for South and soft-spoken llccents lIle the these revolutionary movemeota. I Brum's farm wu on the border SlIlIl~. Africa (Idasll) delegation that de Both men burn with a learned how the USSR dill:l.1ed it~ with the Kwandebele bantustan, shared passion about the ~risis fied the P W Botha government in KklI of exp;ansion. We ¥Ut ill.vulv~ and when the security forces be Afrikall~r peopJ~ July 1987, by meeting ANC offi· facing Ihe of in aad Moambique b ro ~ in Dakar. Scneglll. "It was Anaola pn forced removals to consoU South AfriCli. Both lift pesslmlSUl." list the ~ of CXIIIIJJUIII.iI date the homeland, hia bouse about the future of their country. quite a rockinll experience TO meet lOSoutll~" ' people of the quality of Thabu became a mocting-point for the As South Africa struggles to Bnwn took • near-opposite Ndebele underground. The police, wards a negotiated political set· Mbeki and Pallo Jordan," he said. ·'It made me far more decided that fOlId. He trave1Icd throUJb the be said, uaed "very, very ualY tlement amid worsening racial UD1tccI SWoa aJXf completod his methods", and Braam took jour violence, retired general with the time I have left, I had 10 do something constructive." . tbeo!o&icalltudies iA JJ62. Then nalists to see the operations. He Constand Viljoen (60) llJld his be went to the NethedaIIds, where was interrogated and at one point identical twin Braam are worried The twins' shared belief that wanted that unrest in the blad townships he met his mentor, J C Hoegen was a man. the: Communist party his a chance dijk, an academic who as a Chris Today, the Viljoen brotllers re threatens to spin out of 'ontrol. to win powe:r is, DOt surprisingly, main close and share afear for !he Both agree that the Afrikaners tian student leader had been lOt differing rusons. Culllltlind re future. :Braam worries aboUI the are being ldt out in lhe political involved in the re&istanee to Nazi lllI1do; ilb streng!h lIS II result of the occupotion. Mr Hoegen 9. OUR BODIES AND CHILDBEARING .. womenshotild be able to decide how many children they Wal?t . 2. EDUCATION .. women ShOliJd have tholces about the .kind of • more schools and creches must be provided pregnancy prevention they want to use 3. JOBS 10.. PRESERVE SOME TRADITIONS .. jobs should be created in Tural areas • promote the traditional ways ofpreparing food W111ch are healthy 4. PENSIONS .. ID books must be corrected 11. WATER • the payout points must be monitored for cor- .. theremust be adequate water supply· to rural ruption areas • better facilities must be proVided at pay·out points 12. LAND .. women should have rights to lal1d - married 5. BEERHALLS aT unmarried . .. beerhalls should be dosed· we should be able * land should i:>eiegistered in women's names to .selJ Ollr own beer. .. women sho~ld be able to farm and produce own food crops. . 6. AT HOME * women should have access to land for grazing and cattle posts . .. men and women should share domestic work 13. TELEPHONES 7. DECISION-MAKING .. there must be antomatic telephone exchanges .. women should be allowed to make decisIons in rural areas about livestock .. women should be part of kgotlas ftraditional village decision-makmg structures). local gov 14. ELECTRICITY ernment, regional government and national government structures .. electricity must be pro\'ided to all rural houses .~ WF51RC'