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World Migration Report 2 015 WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2 015 Migrants and Cities: New Partnerships to Manage Mobility International Organization for Migration (IOM) This volume is the fruit of a collaborative effort by a team of contributing authors and the Editorial Team under the direction of the Editor-in-Chief. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of IOM or its Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 Route des Morillons 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 717 91 11 Fax: +41 22 798 61 50 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.iom.int © 2015 International Organization for Migration (IOM) ISBN 978-92-9068-709-2 ISSN 1561-5502 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in France by Imprimerie Courand et Associés 36_15 WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2 015 Migrants and Cities: New Partnerships to Manage Mobility International Organization for Migration (IOM) Contents WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2015 Migrants and Cities: New Partnerships iii to Manage Mobility Editorial team ....................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ viii WMR 2015 seminars, background papers and text box contributors ................... x Text boxes, migrant voices, figures, tables and maps ......................................... xiv Acronyms ...........................................................................................................xviii Foreword ............................................................................................................. xx Overview ...............................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction .....................................................................................14 Highlights .............................................................................................................15 1.1 Modern day trends ........................................................................................17 1.2 Definitions anderminology t ..........................................................................19 1.3 Research gaps on new urban destinations ....................................................22 1.4 Guide to the Report .......................................................................................26 References ...........................................................................................................31 CHAPTER 2 Migration and urban diversity .........................................................34 Highlights .............................................................................................................35 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................37 2.2 Diversity of urban settings .............................................................................38 2.3 Patterns of migration .....................................................................................50 2.4 Diversity within cities ....................................................................................57 2.5 Concluding remarks .......................................................................................61 References ...........................................................................................................63 CHAPTER 3 Urban migrants, vulnerability and resilience ...................................74 Highlights .............................................................................................................75 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................77 3.2 Patterns of vulnerability ................................................................................77 3.3 Barriers to accessing resources and opportunities ........................................81 3.4 Specific types and circumstances of vulnerability .........................................85 3.5 Partnerships for building resilience ...............................................................99 3.6 Concluding remarks .....................................................................................104 References .........................................................................................................106 iv Contents CHAPTER 4 Urban migration and economic development ...............................116 Highlights ...........................................................................................................117 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................119 4.2 Migration and urban poverty reduction ......................................................119 4.3 Urban diversity and economic advantage ...................................................130 4.4 Migrants as agents of international development ......................................142 4.5 Concluding remarks .....................................................................................150 References .........................................................................................................152 CHAPTER 5 Urban partnerships to manage mobility ........................................162 Highlights ...........................................................................................................163 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................165 5.2 Migrant inclusion and urban governance ....................................................165 5.3 Multilevel governance for migrant inclusion ...............................................167 5.4 Migrants as city-makers ...............................................................................178 5.5 Concluding remarks .....................................................................................180 References .........................................................................................................182 CHAPTER 6 Conclusions ....................................................................................186 References .........................................................................................................192 Glossary .............................................................................................................194 Editorial team WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2015 Migrants and Cities: New Partnerships vii to Manage Mobility Editor-in-Chief June J.H. Lee Managing Editors Jill Helke and Frank Laczko Associate Editor Asmita Naik Copy Editor Antoinette Wills Writing Team June J.H. Lee (Chapters 1–2 and 4–6) Lorenzo Guadagno (Chapter 3) Ann-Christin Wagner, Sansae Cho, and Yuka Takehana (Research assistance) World Migration Report Advisory Committee Gervais Appave (Chair), Mohammed Abdiker, Leonard Doyle, Carmela Godeau, Bernd Hemingway, Davide Mosca, Akio Nakayama, Robert Paiva, Marcelo Pisani, Bruce Reed, Pindie Stephen and Theodora Suter Editorial Assistance Paula Benea, Olivier Ferrari, Salvador Gutierrez, Barbara Rijks, Azzouz Samri and Ezequiel Texido Publication Valerie Hagger Layout Carmelo Torres Translators Carmen Andreu, Fabienne Witt and the TRS team Executive Assistance Frances Solinap, Antoinette Wills, Ann-Christin Wagner, Sansae Cho and Daniel Szabo Cartography Daniel Szabo Acknowledgements WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2015 Migrants and Cities: New Partnerships ix to Manage Mobility The Editorial Team wishes to thank all contributing authors, including mayors, local officials and city and migration practitioners. The Editorial Team is especially grateful to Mr William Lacy Swing, IOM Director General, for his vision and encouragement to produce this publication. Special thanks go to all field offices for their tremendous effort in gathering the Migrants’ Voices and relevant data, and to colleagues in IOM Headquarters for their assistance in data collection and analysis. The Editorial Team is grateful also to Melissa Siegel (Maastricht University), Cecilia Tacoli and David Satterthwaite (both at the International Institute for Environment and Development) for their presentations in the framework of the WMR Inter- agency Seminar Series. The Editorial Team is especially grateful to the Governments of Australia and the Netherlands for their generous financial support towards the development and publication of the World Migration Report 2015. The Editorial Team would like
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