Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
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Racism Is a Virus Toolkit
Table of Contents About This Toolkit.............................................................................................................03 Know History, Know Racism: A Brief History of Anti-AANHPI Racism............04 Exclusion and Colonization of AANHPI People.............................................04 AANHPI Panethnicity.............................................................................................07 Racism Resurfaced: COVID-19 and the Rise of Xenophobia...............................08 Continued Trends....................................................................................................08 Testimonies...............................................................................................................09 What Should I Do If I’m a Victim of a Hate Crime?.........................................10 What Should I Do If I Witness a Hate Crime?..................................................12 Navigating Unsteady Waters: Confronting Racism with your Parents..............13 On Institutional and Internalized Anti-Blackness..........................................14 On Institutionalized Violence...............................................................................15 On Protests................................................................................................................15 General Advice for Explaning Anti-Blackness to Family.............................15 Further Resources...................................................................................................15 -
The Invention of Asian Americans
The Invention of Asian Americans Robert S. Chang* Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 947 I. Race Is What Race Does ............................................................................................ 950 II. The Invention of the Asian Race ............................................................................ 952 III. The Invention of Asian Americans ....................................................................... 956 IV. Racial Triangulation, Affirmative Action, and the Political Project of Constructing Asian American Communities ............................................ 959 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 964 INTRODUCTION In Fisher v. University of Texas,1 the U.S. Supreme Court will revisit the legal status of affirmative action in higher education. Of the many amicus curiae (friend of the court) briefs filed, four might be described as “Asian American” briefs.2 * Copyright © 2013 Robert S. Chang, Professor of Law and Executive Director, Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality, Seattle University School of Law. I draw my title from THEODORE W. ALLEN, THE INVENTION OF THE WHITE RACE, VOL. 1: RACIAL OPPRESSION AND SOCIAL CONTROL (1994), and THEODORE W. ALLEN, THE INVENTION OF THE WHITE RACE, VOL. 2: THE ORIGIN OF RACIAL OPPRESSION IN ANGLO AMERICA (1997). I also note the similarity of my title to Neil Gotanda’s -
Uncovering Nodes in the Transnational Social Networks of Hispanic Workers
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Uncovering nodes in the transnational social networks of Hispanic workers James Powell Chaney Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Chaney, James Powell, "Uncovering nodes in the transnational social networks of Hispanic workers" (2013). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3245. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3245 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. UNCOVERING NODES IN THE TRANSNATIONAL SOCIAL NETWORKS OF HISPANIC WORKERS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography & Anthropology by James Powell Chaney B.A., University of Tennessee, 2001 M.S., Western Kentucky University 2007 December 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As I sat down to write the acknowledgment for this research, something ironic came to mind. I immediately realized that I too had to rely on my social network to complete this work. No one can achieve goals without the engagement and support of those to whom we are connected. As we strive to succeed in life, our family, friends and acquaintances influence us as well as lend a much needed hand. -
The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: a Multilevel Process Theory1
The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory1 Andreas Wimmer University of California, Los Angeles Primordialist and constructivist authors have debated the nature of ethnicity “as such” and therefore failed to explain why its charac- teristics vary so dramatically across cases, displaying different de- grees of social closure, political salience, cultural distinctiveness, and historical stability. The author introduces a multilevel process theory to understand how these characteristics are generated and trans- formed over time. The theory assumes that ethnic boundaries are the outcome of the classificatory struggles and negotiations between actors situated in a social field. Three characteristics of a field—the institutional order, distribution of power, and political networks— determine which actors will adopt which strategy of ethnic boundary making. The author then discusses the conditions under which these negotiations will lead to a shared understanding of the location and meaning of boundaries. The nature of this consensus explains the particular characteristics of an ethnic boundary. A final section iden- tifies endogenous and exogenous mechanisms of change. TOWARD A COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNIC BOUNDARIES Beyond Constructivism The comparative study of ethnicity rests firmly on the ground established by Fredrik Barth (1969b) in his well-known introduction to a collection 1 Various versions of this article were presented at UCLA’s Department of Sociology, the Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies of the University of Osnabru¨ ck, Harvard’s Center for European Studies, the Center for Comparative Re- search of Yale University, the Association for the Study of Ethnicity at the London School of Economics, the Center for Ethnicity and Citizenship of the University of Bristol, the Department of Political Science and International Relations of University College Dublin, and the Department of Sociology of the University of Go¨ttingen. -
Predicting Ethnic Boundaries Sun-Ki Chai
European Sociological Review VOLUME 21 NUMBER 4 SEPTEMBER 2005 375–391 375 DOI:10.1093/esr/jci026, available online at www.esr.oxfordjournals.org Online publication 22 July 2005 Predicting Ethnic Boundaries Sun-Ki Chai It is increasingly accepted within the social sciences that ethnic boundaries are not fixed, but contingent and socially constructed. As a result, predicting the location of ethnic boundaries across time and space has become a crucial but unresolved issue, with some scholars arguing that the study of ethnic boundaries and predictive social science are fun- damentally incompatible. This paper attempts to show otherwise, presenting perhaps the first general, predictive theory of ethnic boundary formation, one that combines a coher- ence-based model of identity with a rational choice model of action. It then tests the the- ory’s predictions, focusing in particular on the size of populations generated by alternative boundary criteria. Analysis is performed using multiple datasets containing information about ethnic groups around the world, as well as the countries in which they reside. Perhaps the best-known innovation in contemporary encompassing all ascriptively-based group boundaries, theories of ethnicity is the idea that ethnic boundaries including those based upon race, religion, language, are not predetermined by biology or custom, but malle- and/or region. Characteristics such as religion, language, able and responsive to changes in the surrounding social and region are viewed as ascriptive rather than cultural environment. Ethnicity is seen to be socially con- because they are typically defined for purposes of ethnic- structed, and the nature of this construction is seen to ity to refer not to the current practice or location of indi- vary from situation to situation.1 This in turn has linked viduals, but rather to their lineage, the customs of their to a more general concern with the contruction of social ancestors. -
Expulsion from the Senate of the Roman Republic, C.319–50 BC
Ex senatu eiecti sunt: Expulsion from the Senate of the Roman Republic, c.319–50 BC Lee Christopher MOORE University College London (UCL) PhD, 2013 1 Declaration I, Lee Christopher MOORE, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Thesis abstract One of the major duties performed by the censors of the Roman Republic was that of the lectio senatus, the enrolment of the Senate. As part of this process they were able to expel from that body anyone whom they deemed unequal to the honour of continued membership. Those expelled were termed ‘praeteriti’. While various aspects of this important and at-times controversial process have attracted scholarly attention, a detailed survey has never been attempted. The work is divided into two major parts. Part I comprises four chapters relating to various aspects of the lectio. Chapter 1 sees a close analysis of the term ‘praeteritus’, shedding fresh light on senatorial demographics and turnover – primarily a demonstration of the correctness of the (minority) view that as early as the third century the quaestorship conveyed automatic membership of the Senate to those who held it. It was not a Sullan innovation. In Ch.2 we calculate that during the period under investigation, c.350 members were expelled. When factoring for life expectancy, this translates to a significant mean lifetime risk of expulsion: c.10%. Also, that mean risk was front-loaded, with praetorians and consulars significantly less likely to be expelled than subpraetorian members. -
De-Conflating Latinos/As' Race and Ethnicity
UCLA Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review Title Los Confundidos: De-Conflating Latinos/As' Race and Ethnicity Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nx2r4pj Journal Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review, 19(1) ISSN 1061-8899 Author Sandrino-Glasser, Gloria Publication Date 1998 DOI 10.5070/C7191021085 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California LOS CONFUNDIDOS: DE-CONFLATING LATINOS/AS' RACE AND ETHNICITY GLORIA SANDRmNO-GLASSERt INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................71 I. LATINOS: A DEMOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT ..............................................75 A. Latinos: Dispelling the Legacy of Homogenization ....................75 B. Los Confundidos: Who are We? (Qui6n Somos?) ...................77 1. Mexican-Americans: The Native Sons and D aughters .......................................................................77 2. Mainland Puerto Ricans: The Undecided ..............................81 3. Cuban-Americans: Last to Come, Most to Gain .....................85 II. THE CONFLATION: AN OVERVIEW ..................................................90 A. The Conflation in Context ........................................................95 1. The Conflation: Parts of the W hole ..........................................102 2. The Conflation Institutionalized: The Sums of All Parts ...........103 B. The Conflation: Concepts and Definitions ...................................104 1. N ationality ..............................................................................104 -
Building Panethnic Coalitions in Asian American, Native Hawaiian And
Building Panethnic Coalitions in Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Communities: Opportunities & Challenges This paper is one in a series of evaluation products emerging states around the country were supported through this pro- from Social Policy Research Associates’ evaluation of Health gram, with the Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum Through Action (HTA), a $16.5 million, four-year W.K. Kellogg serving as the national advocacy partner and technical assis- Foundation supported initiative to reduce disparities and tance hub. advance healthy outcomes for Asian American, Native Hawai- Each of the HTA partners listed below have made mean- ian, and Pacific Islander (AA and NHPI) children and families. ingful inroads towards strengthening local community capacity A core HTA strategy is the Community Partnerships Grant to address disparities facing AA and NHPIs, as well as sparked Program, a multi-year national grant program designed to a broader national movement for AA and NHPI health. The strengthen and bolster community approaches to improv- voices of HTA partners – their many accomplishments, moving ing the health of vulnerable AA and NHPIs. Ultimately, seven stories, and rich lessons learned from their experience – serve AA and NHPI collaboratives and 11 anchor organizations in 15 as the basis of our evaluation. National Advocacy Partner HTA Organizational Partners Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum – West Michigan Asian American Association – Asian Pacific American Network of Oregon HTA Regional -
Child Brides at Rome1
I v R A RIVISTA INTERNAZIONALE DI DIRITTO ROMANO E ANTICO ESTRATTO DAL VOL. 63 (2015) [Pubbl. 2015] EDITORE JOVENE NAPOLI NOTE E DISCUSSION! 107 Child Brides at Rome1 SOMMARIO: 1. Introduction. - 2. The Evidence for Underage Marriage. - 3. The Minimum Legal Age of Marriage for Males. - 4. Twelve as the Minimum for Females. 1. The field of Roman law abounds in neglected topics, but few per haps are as compelling as that of underage brides2. This is because the rele vant evidence, not just legal but literary and epigraphic in nature, is suffi ciently full, and of such a quality, to encourage the belief that this phenome non was far from uncommon. And yet the opportunity it presents has remained largely unrealized, as the scholarship has, with few exceptions, ei ther underplayed or ignored its significance. This is the state of affairs Is abella Piro sets out to remedy with this important new book. She succeeds ad mirably with her general argument that the practice was longstanding, sur prisingly frequent, and of no small concern to the jurists. This book ought to have a profound impact on the way in which historians view Roman marriage. A side from this brief introduction, this note breaks down into three parts. The first engages the contents of Spose bambine chapter by chapter. The second focuses on the question of the minimum legal age of marriage for males. The lhin.l contains an extended discussion of an important suLthesis advocated by the author on the date of tlw introduction of the minimum le gal age of marriage for femalt:>s. -
Stress Biomarkers and Latinos' Exposure to the United States
Stress biomarkers and Latinos’ exposure to the United States by Nicole Louise Novak A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Epidemiological Science) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Dean Ana V. Diez Roux, Drexel University, Co-Chair Professor Philippa J. Clarke, Co-Chair Professor Arline T. Geronimus Assistant Professor Belinda L. Needham Associate Professor Brisa N. Sánchez © Nicole L. Novak 2016 DEDICATION For my family: Tom Novak and Louise Wolf-Novak Daniel Novak, Sheila Hager Novak, Bridget Novak and Kurt Novak Hager Tom and Carol Novak Hugo and Agnes Wolf …and Ethan Forsgren ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am humbled as I look back on the many individuals and communities who have supported me in pursuing this degree. I am grateful for the time, patience, critical thought, and love that so many have shared with me—this dissertation and the ideas it contains are far from mine alone. I am especially grateful to my mentors and committee co-chairs, Ana Diez Roux and Philippa Clarke, who have supported and encouraged me from the very beginning. Looking back at my application essay to Michigan’s PhD program in Epidemiology, I listed research interests as diverse as agricultural health, Foucauldian biopolitics and epigenetics! I am grateful for their bravery in taking me on, and for their patience, trust and guidance as my interests eventually became focused research questions that continue to ignite me. I am endlessly impressed by Ana’s dedication as a mentor and her generosity with her time and expertise even from afar. -
A Lifespan Model of Ethnic-Racial Identity
Research in Human Development, 00: 1–31, 2020 Copyright © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1542-7609 print / 1542-7617 online DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2020.1831882 A Lifespan Model of Ethnic-Racial Identity Chelsea Derlan Williams Virginia Commonwealth University Christy M. Byrd North Carolina State University Stephen M. Quintana University of Wisconsin-Madison Catherine Anicama West Coast Children’s Clinic Lisa Kiang Wake Forest University Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor Harvard University Esther J. Calzada University of Texas at Austin María Pabón Gautier St. Olaf College Kida Ejesi Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Nicole R. Tuitt University of Colorado Stefanie Martinez-Fuentes Arizona State University Address correspondence to Chelsea D. Williams, Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2018. E-mail: [email protected] 2 WILLIAMS ET AL. Lauren White University of Michigan Amy Marks Suffolk University Leoandra Onnie Rogers Northwestern University Nancy Whitesell University of Colorado The current paper presents a lifespan model of ethnic-racial identity (ERI) from infancy into adulthood. We conceptualize that ethnic-racial priming during infancy prompts nascent awareness of ethnicity/race that becomes differentiated across childhood and through adulthood. We propose that the components of ERI that have been tested to date fall within five dimensions across the lifespan: ethnic-racial awareness, affiliation, attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge. Further, ERI evolves in a bidirectional process informed by an interplay of influencers (i.e., contextual, indivi dual, and developmental factors, as well as meaning-making and identity-relevant experiences). It is our goal that the lifespan model of ERI will provide important future direction to theory, research, and interventions. -
The Adolescent Peer Culture
Ausubel / Adolescent Development 1 Chapter 11 The Adolescent Peer Culture In contrast to the various negative effects of status deprivation elaborated in the previous chapter, the adolescent peer culture has largely a positive, adaptive function. Besides providing compensatory status, it plays a major role in facilitating emancipation from the home, in transmitting social- class values, and in focalizing resistance against adult standards and authority. It also serves as the principal training institution of the adolescent period. For all of these reasons, the social experience and groupings of adolescents acquire significance and structural characteristics that set them off qualitatively from analogous social phenomena during childhood. It is certainly safe to say that in our society “wherever children or youth are together for any length of time and free to pursue their own purposes there will be a subculture operating.” It is surely not unreasonable to expect one type of Ausubel / Adolescent Development 2 peer group to develop when the aim is to provide more or less casually a subsidiary form of status, and quite a different type of peer group when the major status needs of a prolonged period of sub-adulthood must be satisfied. Thus, we can anticipate that group life will become a more serious and crucial matter for the adolescent than for the child. The adolescent is more intensely concerned with his relationship to the group, more conscious of his relative hierarchical standing in group structure, and more highly motivated by considerations of status in dealing with his fellows. And since the adolescent peer group is the chief instrumentality of a distinctive and semi- independent sub-culture that provides both derived and earned status for its members, we can also expect greater differentiation, stability, and cohesiveness of structural organization, and more striking manifestations of group solidarity.