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Friends Around Europe

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COMENIUS PROJECT 2011-2013
FRIENDS AROUND EUROPE

MELLISTE ALGKOOL-LASTEAED, TARTU, ESTONIA ÉCOLES MATERNELLE ET ÉLÉMENTAIRE DE PONT, ÉCHENOZ LA MÉLINE, FRANCE SZIVÁRVÁNY ÓVODA, SZÉKESFEHÉRVÁR, HUNGARY ISTITUTO COMPRENSIVO DI ATRI, ATRI, ITALY SZKOŁA PODSTAWOWA nr 199 im. JULIANA TUWIMA, ŁÓDŹ, POLAND ESCOLA PAЇSOS CATALANS LLEIDA, CATALONIA, SPAIN LLANDOGO PRIMARY SCHOOL, WALES, UNITED KINGDOM

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY

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11 18 25

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MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY
1

2

International Music Day

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11 18 25
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31
Castanyada

1st October - International Music Day

The teachers perform songs to children. They sing the songs and play upon flute.

31st October - La castanyada

In Catalonia every autumn, we celebrate a traditional holiday named “LA CASTANYADA”( = The chesnut Day). A long time ago, on 31st October night, families gathered together by the fireplace and told dead

people stories, because the All Saints‟ Eve.

In this celebration we cook a kind of sweet little cakes (PANELLETS) and toast chesnuts and sweet potatoes. In our school we participate in a Panellets workshop, autumn crafts, and afternoon festival with dances and songs. There are others schools that also cook chesnuts.

This is our PANELLETS RECIPE.

Ingredients: 1 kg almond flour 1 kg (or 900gr) sugar. 200 gr boiled potatoe (with the skin). 2-3 lemon (grated). Mix almond flour and sugar. Add the potatoe peeled and a bit hot. Mix again. Add grated lemon to flavour and mix. Make the little balls with your hands. Decorate them with a syrup cherry or almonds or coconut or pine nuts or melted chocolate. Bake them in the over 10minutes, 180° C. Let cool.

  • MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY
  • FRIDAY

4
SATURDAY SUNDAY

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6

Guy Fawkes night

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13 20 27

S.Martino
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Martinmas

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21
15 22
16 23
19

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Saint
Catherine's day

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Andrzejki
Advent

5th November - Guy Fawkes Night

It is also known as Bonfire Night and Firework Night. Its history begins with the events of 5th November 1605, when Guy Fawkes, a member of the Gunpowder Plot, was arrested while guarding explosives the plotters had placed beneath the House of Lords. Celebrating the fact that King James I had survived the attempt on his life, people lit bonfires around London, and months later the

introduction of the Observance of 5th November of 5th November Act enforced an annual public day of thanksgiving for the plot‟s

failure.

10th November - St. Martin’s Day (Martinmas)

St. Martin‟s Day (Martinmas) is celebrated in Estonia on Nov. 10th. One of the most important and cherished days in Estonian

folk calendar. It celebrates the end of the field work and beginning of winter period. On Martinmas Eve, Nov. 9th, children disguise themselves as men wearing dark clothing and masks and go from door to door in a similar way to Halloween trick-ortreating, singing songs, telling jokes and distributing good wishes. In return, they are given small gifts such as nuts, candies, apples, cookies and coins.

11 th November S.Martin

In Italy 11th November there is a seasonal event in honour of Saint Martin Bishop of Tours. In the evening, after dinner, families have toasted or boiled chestnuts with some new wine so as so to see if it is ready to drink or not. This event signes also the coming of the winter; infact according to an old legend the last warm sunbites are those we can enjoy during 3 days before or after 11th November. In some little villages in the Abruzzo region, in the evening people gather all together in the centre of the village, usually a square, to cook chestnuts on a big and crackling fire singing and dancing old traditional songs accompanied by a

typical instrument called “organetto”. In our Infant school on 11th November we had a typical “castagnata” (chestnut party). The

children brought some chestnuts from home and the bus driver helped the teachers to cook them on the fire, in the school garden, while the children were singing some autumnal songs and they were saying some typical poems in Italian and in out dialect. This is our Taralli di San Martino receipe: 1 glass of white wine; 1 glass of olive oil; 1 glass of sugar; a certain amount of flour so as to have a soft mixture. Mix the ingredients all together in a bowl, and when the mixture is ready make some strips, then give them the shapes of big rings. Spread some sugar on and under the big rings. Cook them into the oven for 10 minutes at 180°. After that let them cool.

28th November – Advent

Emotional preparation for Christmas. The candle burns every week from 1 to 4. This period creates warm atmosphere - we beautify the kindergarten with children, and organize playhouse with parents this is handicraft afternoon. After the 4th candle the children get toys as present – this present is not personal this is for group, it will be stay in kindergarten.

29th November – Andrzejki

In autumn, on the eve of St. Andrew‟s Day (November 29th), we celebrate ANDRZEJKI (Andrews). In Poland we believe, that the night before St Andrew‟s Day is the night of magic.

Young women can learn who their future husband is going to be, or, with a little help of magic, they can bind a husband to them. So, on the night of November 29th, young women put pieces of paper (on which they have written the name of the boys they like) under the pillow and first thing in the morning, they take one out. The boy whose name they take out on the morning of

St.Andrew‟s Day, is going to be their husband.

In the evening people throw parties, during which they: pour hot wax from a candle through a key hole into cold water.
The shape

of the resulting piece is going to be the girl‟s future husband‟s job

eat special cakes, inside which they hide names of boys written on slips of paper. The name of the boy a girl gets in a cake, is the name of her future husband. dance, play and have fun!

ANDRZEJKI is one of our favourite national celebrations!

  • MONDAY
  • TUESDAY
  • WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY

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11 18

25
Faugni
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Santa Claus

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Saint Llúcia
Fair

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Advent
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22 29
24
Wigilia

St. Thomas’

day

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6th December - Santa Claus

Santa Claus puts present at the window. The present is a pocket of chocolate. The children sing songs and say nursery rhymes for him.

8th December - The Faugni

The Faugni (from the Latin “ign is fauns” Faun‟s fire) has a Pagan origin . In ancient time farmers, before the

winter solstice, lit fires in honour of Faunuus, the protector of the earth, animals and agriculture. After, with the advent of Christianity, the festival became Catholic, that is the fire meant to purify people from sins. Today in Atri, on December 7th in the evening the priest of the cathedral blesses the fire which will serve to lit the faugni (long burning canes). At dawn on 8th December, the burning canes will be carried along the streets of Atri. The tour will end in the beautiful Piazza Duomo (The Dome Square), where the canes will form a huge bonfire.

13th December - Saint Llúcia Fair

People start to prepare Christmas

  • and buy
  • ornaments, trees,

mistletoe, holly, wreaths, nativity

figures and the “Tió” (a log).

21st December - St. Thomas’ Day

In the Estonian folk calendar St. Thomas‟ Day marks the beginning of Yuletide. Traditionally, on St. Thomas‟ Day

Estonians did a thorough pre-Christmas cleaning of their homes and also killed a pig for Christmas feast. Men started to brew Christmas beer and women started to cook Christmas dishes. Cleaning chores included cleaning hearths and making the whole house tidy. It was called driving Sooty Thomas out. On that occasion in some places a doll was made from old clothes and filled with straw and rags. Then under the cover of night it was carried into another household. If the appearance of Sooty Thomas was not noticed and it was not taken away, then it meant that filth, untidiness and other bad things would befall the household.

Christmas in…

  • …Catalonia
  • …Estonia

At Christmas, in Catalonia, the main events are: In December all children in Estonia put their slippers

the preparation of “El Pessebre” (The Nativity), “El on the window sill. At night the little dwarfs put a Tió” (The Log) and the preparation of the sweet in it. The Christmas tree is

in every
Christmas meal. household. On Christmas Eve people go to church , have a big Christmas meal (potatoes, meat, black pudding, pickled cabbages, pumpkin salad). In some places Santa Claus comes, to get the present children have to read a poem or sing a song.

  • …France
  • …Italy

On Christmas Eve, after "Le reveillon" which is At Christmas, in Italy, the main traditions are: a very late supper, the children leave their the crib, the Chirstmas tree, the Christmas shoes by the fireplace or under the popular Mass; after the Mass, families gather to eat the Christmas tree to be filled with gifts from Christmas meal. “Père Noel”. Nearly every French home at Christmastime displays a Nativity scene or crèche which is often peopled with little clay figures called santons or "little saints.

  • …Hungary
  • …Poland

We have PLAYHOUSE – children, parents and On the last day before Christmas break (22nd teachers together make handmade things for December) Polish children come to school to

Christmas. The “Bird Christmas” it is special decorate a Christmas table together, then we

activity for animal protection. The children share a holy wafer while wishing each other decorate pinewood with eatable ornaments. merry Christmas, get presents from Santa We are waiting for upcoming Christmas with Claus and have Christmas lunch together. songs, and nursery rhymes. The children get Finally we watch Nativity play prepared by our

  • presents for their class at 4th candle.
  • Drama Group.

…Wales

Christmas for us is a very busy time of year. We celebrate in many different ways. Some events have a Christian ethos and other events are traditional. The youngest children usually perform the nativity in front of the rest of the school and parents. We have at least two Carol Services, where the children sing in the local community. The school year ends with a whole school party

and a visit from „Father Christmas.‟

  • MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY
  • FRIDAY

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SATURDAY SUNDAY

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1

La Fête des rois

Epiphany

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17
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12 19
14 21

8

WOŚP

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27

15

St.

Anthony’s

day
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30

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22 29

31

6th January - Epiphany, LA FÊTE DES ROIS

Epiphany (la fête des Rois) is the 6th of January, but in France it isn't a bank holiday so we usually celebrated the first Sunday after January 1st. In France people eat gâteau des Rois in Provence (made of brioche) or the galette des Rois (puff pastry with almond cream) in the northern half of France . This is a kind of king cake, with a charm, usually a porcelain figurine hidden inside. This year, Epiphany falls on Friday, January 6, 2012.

At school, we made the special cakes called “ galettes des rois” for the king's celebration.
Those cakes are round, flat and golden brown. One of the children went under a table and I asked him” Whose part is it?”He gave

each first-name of the pupils. The child who gets the piece of cake with the charm becomes "king" for the day; he or she choose a king or a queen. Everybody get a hand made krone with golden drawings.

6th January - Epiphany,

In Italy, on January 6th, we celebrate Epiohany. Catholic Church remembers the visit of the Magi to the Holy Child. On Epiphany Eve (the night of January 5th)the Befana, an old woman who looks like a witch, delivers gifts to children throughout Italy in a similar way to Saint Nicholas or Santa Claus .

8th January - WOŚP

In winter, on the first or second Sunday of January, Polish people celebrate WIELKA

ORKIESTRA ŚWIĄTECZNEJ POMOCY - WOŚP for short. The English name of this

celebration is The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity. it is a one-day long, nationwide, money-raising event. Volunteers from all around Poland go out on the streets and collect money in special cans which are labeled with a red heart and text: Wielka Orkiestra

Świątecznej Pomocy Everyone who gives the volunteers any money, gets a red heart sticker

in return. During this one day, huge parties are thrown around the country (and at other places where Polish people live). These are organized by volunteers. At 8 p.m. firework show is set in every city as so called 'light to heaven'. Throughout twenty Grand Finales, the Foundation collected over $160 million for cardio-surgery, neonatology, pediatric oncology, kidney diseases, congenital defects, newborns and children

under 5 years of age. Wielka Orkiestra Świątecznej Pomocy was founded in

1993 by Jurek Owsiak, who has been its conductor ever since. Jurek is the

most famous conductor in Poland. Every year, he plays for WOŚP wearing red

trousers, a yellow shirt and red glasses. Thanks to this great man and his wonderful ideas, Poland has become a great power in treating ill children. Jurek says, that his orchestra is going to play till the end of the world and one day longer! And we believe him.

Sant‟Antony‟s day

January 17 Italians celebrate the Festa di Sant‟ Antonio Abate, feast day of Saint Anthony the abbot. This festival is celebrated throughout Italy but is especially colourful in southern and central Italy. The focus of Saint Anthony's day is usually a huge bonfire, probably because this saint is supposed to protect against skin diseases like shingles, called fuoco di Sant‟Antonio or fire of Saint Anthony in Italy. He's also patron saint of domestic animals so there's usually a mass that includes pets and farm animals. As with most Italian festivals, there may be music and processions, too. The

typical pastries are “Uccelletii” that is small birds, they are

crisp pastry puffs with a soft filling of grape jam. Their name derives from their shape which resembles a small bird. A sheet of puff pastry is rolled out to a thickness of about half a centimetre, before being cut into squares and spoonful of jam is placed in the centre of each one,

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    FLORENCE CITY GUIDE ® FEBRUARY 2020 WWW.WHEREITALIA.COM/FLORENCE Between History and Legend A JOURNEY INTO THE CURIOSITIES OF FLORENCE SIGHTSEEING | MUSEUMS | SHOPPING | DINING | ENTERTAINMENT | MAPS WELCOME TO FLORENCE In the heart of Florence, just a few steps away from the historic treasures of the city, you will find Rinascente: the ideal place to find the best in fashion, accessories and beauty and to taste the best gourmet foods. An exclusive shopping experience that brings together women’s & men’s fashion, a craft gallery with artisan brands, a café, a restaurant, a wine bar and a terrace with a breathtaking view over the Duomo. FLORENCE | PIAZZA DELLA REPUBBLICA OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK E NJOY YOUR SHOPPING SHOW THIS COUPON TO GET 10%* OFF YOUR PURCHASES -10%* -12%** *Exclusively for foreign individual customers upon presentation of a valid foreign passport. Valid except for regional restriction regulations and only on brands which support the initiative. The discount cannot be combined with other promotions and does not apply on cafeterias, restaurants, and on food market purchases. Valid until December 31, 2020. **Tax free: If you are resident in an Extra-EU country and you have spent at least 154.94 euros in the same day, you are entitled to a refund of 12% on the total amount of your purchase. FLAGSHIP STORES MILAN | PIAZZA DUOMO • ROME | VIA DEL TRITONE STORES ROME | PIAZZA FIUME TURIN FLORENCE CAGLIARI CATANIA MONZA PALERMO DISCOVER Florence February 2020 VIA SESTESE INSIDER TIPS CASTELLO SESTO 14 the guide apertura SIGHTSEEING FIORENTINO SVINCOLO SESTO FIORENTINO V I A 20 SHOPPING S AUTOSTRADA FIRENZE-MARE E S VI VIA XXV APRILE T A E VIA DEL CHIUSO DEI PAZZI G S E In the heart of .
  • Cities of God: the Religion of the Italian Communes 1125-1325

    Cities of God: the Religion of the Italian Communes 1125-1325

    cities of god Cities of God the religion of the italian communes 1125–1325 augustine thompson, o.p. The Pennsylvania State University Press University Park, Pennsylvania Disclaimer: Some images in the original version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. Unless otherwise noted, all photographs are by David Sundt. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thompson, Augustine. Cities of God : the religion of the Italian communes, 1125–1325 / Augustine Thompson, O.P. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-271-02477-1 (alk. paper) 1. Italy—Church history. I. Title. BX1210 .T48 2005 282Ј.45Ј09022—dc22 2004015965 Copyright ᭧ 2005 The Pennsylvania State University All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA 16802-1003 The Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the Association of American University Presses. It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State University Press to use acid-free paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48–1992. Contents Abbreviations vii Note on Style xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 PART I. LA CITADE SANCTA:SACRED GEOGRAPHY 1 The Mother Church 15 2 From Conversion to Community 69 3 The Holy City 103 4 Ordering Families, Neighborhoods, and Cities 141 5 Holy Persons and Holy Places 179 PART II. BUONI CATTOLICI:RELIGIOUS OBSERVANCE 6 The City Worships 235 7 Feasting, Fasting, and Doing Penance 273 8 Resurrection and Renewal 309 9 Good Catholics at Prayer 343 10 World Without End.
  • The Divine Comedy

    The Divine Comedy

    THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI TRANSLATED BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW I follow here the footing of thy feete That with thy meaning so I may the rather meete S p e n s e r . VOL. I. BOSTON FIELDS, OSGOOD, & CO. SUCCESSORS TO TICKNOR AND FIELDS I 869 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW,, in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. University Press : W elch, Bigelow, & Co., C a m b r id g e . CONTENTS OF VOL. I. INFERNO. CANTO I. Page The Dark Forest. — The Hill of Difficulty. — The Panther, the Lion, and the Wolf.— Virgil ....................................................................................................1 CANTO II. Dante’s Protest and Virgil’s Appeal. — The Intercession of the Three Ladies B e n e d i g h t .............................................................................................................7 CANTO III. The Gate of Hell. — The Inefficient or Indifferent. — Pope Celestine V. — The Shores of Acheron. — Charon. — The Earthquake and the Swoon . 14 CANTO IV. The First Circle. — Limbo, or the Border Land of the Unbaptized. — The Four Poets, Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan. — The Noble Castle of Philosophy ........................................................................ ........ 2 0 CANTO V. The Second Circle. — Minos. — The Wanton. — The Infernal Hurricane. — Francesca da Rimini— .......................................................................................... 27 CANTO VI. - * V ..' The Third Circle. — Cerberus. — The Gluttonous. — The Eternal Rain. — Ciacco . ............................................................... 34 IV Contents CANTO VII. | The Fourth Circle. — Plutus. — The Avaricious and the Prodigal. — Fortune and her Wheel. — The Fifth Circle. — Styx. — The Irascible and the S u l l e n ......................................................................................... ........ ............... 39 CANTO VIII. Phlegyas. — Philippo Argenti. — The Gate of the City of Dis .
  • Stado I Kupała W Praktykach Obrzędowych Polskich Rodzimowierców. O Rewitalizacji Źródeł Etnograficznych I Historycznych

    Stado I Kupała W Praktykach Obrzędowych Polskich Rodzimowierców. O Rewitalizacji Źródeł Etnograficznych I Historycznych

    Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury 32 (2020) ISSN 0860-8032 e-ISSN 2449-8335 https://journals.umcs.pl/et I. Rozprawy i analizy DOI: 10.17951/et.2020.32.213 Piotr Grochowski Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń, Polska ORCID: 0000-0001-7333-0439 e-mail: [email protected] Stado i Kupała w praktykach obrzędowych polskich rodzimowierców. O rewitalizacji źródeł etnograficznych i historycznych The feasts of “Stado” and “Kupala Night” in the rituals of the Polish Rodnovers. A revival of ethnographic sources Abstract: It is argued in this study that contemporary Rodnovers (practitioners of Slavic Native Faith, or Rodnovery) revive ethnographic and historical sources by applying two strategies: (re)construction of pre-Christian Slavic rituals and (re)paganisation of 19th-c. folk rituals. It is a new kind of practice: source materials are not modified for the purpose of presentation to receipients from “outside” (as is the case with folklore and historical reconstruction) but function as the basic substrate of religious customs and beliefs, practiced by Rodnovers themselves. Despite appearances, this is not a continuation of folk tradition but a new religious phenomenon, whose major actors use ethnography and folk content in a creative and unorthodox manner. Key words: new paganism; Rodnovery; new religious movements; Slavic Native Faith; folk rituals; Kupala Night Wstęp Teza, którą chciałbym rozwinąć w niniejszych rozważaniach i zilustro- wać dwoma przykładami, jest następująca: Formy obrzędów religijnych praktykowanych przez współczesnych polskich rodzimowierców kształtują 214 Piotr Grochowski się w wyniku procesu, który nazywam rewitalizacją źródeł etnograficznych i historycznych poprzez ich twórczą, nieortodoksyjną i wariantywną inter- pretację, a zarazem adaptację, czyli dostosowywanie do zrekonstruowanych wcześniej wierzeń przedchrześcijańskich Słowian oraz współczesnych wa- runków społeczno-kulturowych.