DOCSLIB.ORG

Value Chain Matrix for Gold Source Country Extraction Points Internal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Value Chain Matrix for Gold Source Country Extraction Points Internal Value Chain Matrix for Gold Source Extraction Internal Domestic Export Processing & Primary Country Points Marketing Exit Points Destination Refining Retailer Colombia: Antioquia Department *Traders: Esmeraldas *Official export US: Unknown (most illicit mining Barranquilla: PraxIT Ltd. Province: data (2014): Republic Metals Gold Belts: occurs in this region) – – Contact: Dao Hawkinsiv border smuggling USA (63%)xiii Corp. (receive Uses: Segovia Segovia, Buritica, El into Ecuador then Switzerland (34%) 40% of gold)xvi; Banks Belt Bagre, Zaragoza, Nechi, Bogota: Serexoil out of Ecuador on xiii Metalor Jewelers Choco Belt Rionegro, Venecia, Naesk PLC- Contact: Jose commercial air India (2%) xiii Technologies Electronic Middle Anori, Yarumal, Titiribi, Ignacio Pena flightsxi Turkey (0.23%)xii USAxvi – linked s Cauca Belt Caldas Department- Castellanosv to Goldex Case Antioquia Marmato, Ro-Ma Commodities – Air Transport: Illicit known to go Batholith Choco Department CEO: Wilson Rodriguezvi Illegal gold to: Switzerland: (Urabenos most Villegas y Cia. – CEO: transferred via air Miami, Zurich, Metalor (receive prominent herei) Carlos Villegasvii with legal Rome, Dubai 20% of gold)xv Valle del Cauca documents Department Medellin: EJL Ingeniera Exporters: (play UAE: Risaralda Department – Ltdacitation needed Corrupt crucial role by Kaloti xvi Quinchia Dimco – CEO: Sebastian politicians/judges introducing illegal Guainia department Ospinaviii allow for illegal gold into legal Italy: Tolima Department – transport/don’t market) Italpreziosixvi La Colusa Pereira: Torres & Torres prosecute Goldexxiii North Santander – CEO: Noberto Torresix Giraldo y Duquexiv India Department Gramalote Most exporters Cauca Department Smuggled INTO based in Medellin, Suarez Colombia from: closer to mines Amazonas Department Venezuelaxi Caqueta Department Panamaxi Cordoba Department Mexicoxi Huila Department Chilex Santander Department Narino Department Issues: Huila Department Extortion by Putumayo Department criminal/armed groups Fake intermediaries and ASM: front companies supply Drug traffickers, illegal gold terrorist organizations, Paramilitary groups ~80% of gold exportedii LSM: Canadian: Aticoiii; Gran Colombia; Continental Goldiii; Colombian Mines Corporation; Bateroiii; B2Goldiii; Sunward Resources; Bellhaven; Eco Oroiii; Seafieldiii; Red Eagle Miningiii Colombian: Mineros SA, Minincol, Torrebruma & Realmonte (both owned by Piedro Rengel) citation needed South African: AngloGold Ashanti (ASA) DRC: Illicit Mining Locations: Illicit Gold Market *Airport: Uganda: *Refiners: Swiss North Kivu Locations: New CongoCom Kampalaxxiii, UAE: Dubai Banks: Eastern: Ping North Kivu: Air (owner Evariste Ariwaracitation needed UBSxxviii; North Kivu Lubero Manguredjipa Shamamba) Switzerland Credit South Kivu Beni Kasugho Suissexxviii Katanga Rutshuru Bunyatenge *Border Crossings: Burundi: mostly sent to Maniema Walikale Ndjingala Uvira → Bujumburaxxiii UAE, but some UAE: Mubi Bujumbura, may still go to Dubai Orientale South Kivu Kibua Burundi South Sudan: Juba Switzerland souksxxviii Province: Shabunda Butembo Ituri Kalehe Goma Bungana → Kisoro, Tanzania: Kigoma, Others linked to Users: Mwenga Rwanda Dar Es Salaam DRC illicit gold: Banksxxviii Fizi South Kivu: Almalyk Mining Electronic Mulungu *Exporters by Rwanda: Kisoroxxiii and sxxviii Maniema Bukavu location: Metallurgical Dentistry Punia Uvira Kinshasa: Kenyaxxi Complex; xxviii Lubutu SatisRessources Asaka Riken Co Jewelersx Maiko National Park Maniema: Centauris *Airport: Ltd.; xviii Salambila Metal Aurum Entebbe Airport, Bangko Sentral Katanga Bikenge Eda Velma Ugandaxxii ng Pilipinas; India & Kalemie Caridad; China: Mitwaba Ituri: Bukavu: Exporter, Sibtein Cendres & A Pweto Djalasigaxviii DTA Alibhai – Métaux SA; significant Maelmba Aruxviii Mining Congo considered to be a Chugai Mining; amount of Nkulu Namukaya key channel Colt Refining; manufactur Manono *Trading Companies: Cavichi behind illicit gold Daejin Indus Co. ing is done Ituri Farrel Trade & exports from Ltd; in India and Irumu Investment Corporation Kisangani: Africa and Dubai. DaeryongENC; China for Mambasa & Metal Arum Owns AR Gold, Do Sung Corp.; sale to Armed Groups in Machanga Ltd. (both Centauris Alfa Gold (DRC), FSE Novosibirsk jewelry control of mining sites: owned by Rajendra Vaya Eda Velma Alfa Gold Corp Refinery; manufactur Kumar. His trading Divas (Dubai) & Alfa Hwasung CJ Co. ers and North Kivu: associates are Jigar Butembo: Gems Corp Ltd.; retailers in FARDC; Kumar, Jamnadas Glory Minerals (Mozambique)xxiii Inner Mongolia the US and FDLR; (Leader: Sylvestre Vasanji Lodhia and his Qiankun Gold Europe.xxv Mudacumura); son Kunal); Bunia: and Silver Mai Mai/Sheka aka NDC Ntahangwa Mining MetauxPrecieux Refinery Share (Leader: Sheka Ntabo (Burundi - owned by Co. Ltd.; Ntaberi); Mutoka Ruganyira); Silver Minerals (Uganda *Exporters tied to Jiangxi Copper South Kivu: owned by Madadali DRC gold: Company Ltd.; FARDC; Sultanali Piran); Mineral Korea Metal Co. Raïa Mutomboki; Impex Uganda Uganda: Ltd.; Mai Mai Yakutumba; (associated with Westcorp Kyrgyzaltyn JSC; FDLR Rajendra Vaya Kumar); Miningxxii; Lingbao Jinyuan Mining Congo; Treasure Highland Tonghui Refinery Katanga: Cavesxxii Co. Ltd.; FRPI *Trading Companies: Kenya: Moscow Special FARDC Glory Mineralsxx; Skyhawk Alloys Processing Mai Mai Bakata AR Gold - (owned by International Plant; Katanga Sibtein Alibhai)xix xx; Ltd.xxii; Etablissement Ushindi Exports Others linked to Maniema: Namukaya aka Ltd.xxii DRC illicit gold: FARDC; Congocom (owned by Burundi: Navoi Mining Mai-Mai Simba Evariste Shamamba)xvii Berkenrode and (General Mando) Midas All Minerals (owned by Mutoka Metallurgical (owned by Sameer Ruganyira who is Combinant; Ituri: Bhimji)xviii associated with OJSC Kolyma FRPI Rajendra Kumar) Refinery; FARDC Conflict-Free Trading xxii; Prioksky Plant of Mai Mai Bakata companies: Golden Gold Non-Ferrous Katanga Banro Corporationxxi; (owner- Karim Metals; AngloGold Ashanti/ Somji, exports on Sabin Metal Randgold Resourcesxix behalf of AR Gold, Corp; owner - Sibtein SAMWON Alibhai) xxii; METALS Corp.; SCEEMB xxii; So Accurate Ntahangwa Mining Group, Inc.; xxii; SOE Shyolkovsky Etablissement Factory of Jean-Jbeilixx Secondary Precious Metals; The Great Wall of Gold and Silver Refinery of China; Tongling nonferrous Metals Goup Co., Ltd; Torecomxxiv Ghana: Regions *Traders: Transport: *Official export Switzerland: Unknown Kyebi Greater Accra: Kotoka data: PAMPxxxix; Note: East Region Ghana Gold Trading International Switzerland Metalorxxxix Uses: Ghana’s Offin River Centerxxix Airport (exporting (69%)xxxv Banksxxxix; gold belt Central Region Jopaf Gold Limitedxxx; gold without India (25%) xxxviii UAE: Jewelersxx encompass Birim River Ghana Gold Purexxxiii; official Australia (4.8%) Kaloti Jewelry xix; es the Kibi Township Soda Icexxxiii; documentation is xxxviii Internationalxxxix; Electronic Eastern Africa Gold Brokers daily United States Emirates Goldxxxix sxxxix portion of Towns Consult Ltd.xxxiii; occurrence)xxxiii (0.5%) xxxviii the Dunkwa-on-Offin Commerz General Ghana South Africa: country, Twifo Praso Ltd.xxxiii; Ghana Imports Randgoldxxxix cities Bempong Agya Deco Metal Miners Gold from: include: Appiah Ghana Ltd.xxxiii; Guinea (98%)xxxvii India: Bolgatanga Nikwanta EMCIP Towers Ltd.xxxiii; Benin (1.6%)xxxiv Kundanxxxvi , Wa, Cape Kyekyewere Harbour Equity Partners Coast, Diaso (exports to US Accra, Bawdie market)xxxiii; Sunyani, Bibiani Impex Gold Company Kumasi, Tarkwa Ltd. (buys direct from Sekondi- Obuasi local miners, local kings Takoradi Prestea and authorities)xxxiii; Dumasi Jopaf Gold Limited (buy Mines: Jacobu from small scale miners, export to US, Japan, Ashanti Government owned: Korea, Australia, UK, Goldfields’ PMMC – POSSIBLE good Switzerland, France, Obuasi pressure point due to Israel)xxxiii; mine control of other Karmans Holdings produces companies Ltdxxxiii; over 50% Keegan Resourcesxxxiii; of Ghana’s *Smaller Companies: West Africa Precious gold Geodrill Ltd.; Metals (WAPMIDA)xxxiii; Hagnela Mining Niza Mining Groupxxxiii; Other Company Ltd.; Kwalas Spongy Goldxxxiii mining Mining Enterprise; sites: La Source Ashanti: Nkroful, Development, Nana Obausidia Gold Mining Ashanti Adaku Adai Mining Limitedxxxiii; Iduapriem, Group, Red Back Maxcue Company Bibiani, Mining, Adamus, Ltd.xxxiii Nsutu, Chirano, Ghana Tarkwa, Manganese, Goldfields, Kumasi: Bogoso, Golden Star, Newmont, Solid Rock GH Ltd.xxxiii Akyempim, Perseus Kenyasi, Kasoa: Brong Issues: Christian Quaoxxxiii Ahafo, 90% of Ghana’s gold New mines are not Nkwakaw: Abirem, formalized and operate Purity Gold Limitedxxxiii Ayanfuri, illegallyxxvi Nkwakaw Tarkwa: Police corruption – Mospacka Gold Ltd.xxxiii being paid off by illegal minersxxviiadditional citation Unknown: needed E-Aryeetey Enterprise xxxiii Only Ghanaians can get Kobiprime Enterprises licenses for small-scale xxxiii gold mining Tension between local people Four largest exporters: and foreign workers AA Mineralsxxxiv can lead to violencexxviii Asankaxxxiv Asap Vasaxxxiv Guldrestxxxiv Many gold buying agents loan galamseys money/equipmentxxxi PMMC (has about 700 licenses buying agents)– no procedures around human right criteria when buyingxxxii Peru Mining Towns: Trade Center: Lima, Peru (air); *Official export *Refiners: Unknown Madre de Dios Cusco Callao, Peru (sea) dataxliv: US Puno South Africa (45%) Atomic Goldxlix; Uses: Arequipaxxxvii Trade Companies under Airports: UAE (27%) Republic Metals Banks investigation: Jorge Chávez Switzerland
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chronology of the Diplomatic Crisis on March 1 Colombia Launched a Cross-Border Raid Against a FARC Campsite 2K Into Ecuadorian Soil
    March 1 – 10, 2008 Chronology of the diplomatic crisis On March 1 Colombia launched a cross-border raid against a FARC campsite 2K into Ecuadorian soil. ‘Raúl Reyes’ syndicated as ‘number two’ of the rebel organisation was killed. Ecuador, Venezuela and Nicaragua broke ties with Colombia, unleashing an unprecedented diplomatic crisis which now seems to be on a normalisation path, following last Friday’s Rio Summit in Dominican Republic. Here’s a summary of highlights and events: DISCLAIMER The summary herewith presented was drafted based entirely on public statements, media and press sources This document DOES NOT reflect an official position of neither this Office nor the UN System in Colombia Please abstain from citing this document in part or as a whole March 1 – 3 * Cross-border raid On March 1, past midnight, Colombian Super Tucano aircraft launched smart bombs on a mobile FARC campsite located 1.8Km into Ecuadorian soil, near the border. FARC’s senior commander ‘Raúl Reyes’ and 16 more rebel fighters were killed in the operation. Colombian forces recovered their corpses in a cross-border raid supported by Black Hawk helicopters –at 04:00h LT. Four hours later, President Uribe contacted Ecuador’s President Rafaél Correa and informed him that the ‘number-two’ FARC commander had been killed in combat by Colombian forces. He made it clear that his aircraft had to fire from the Colombian side into Ecuador to repel fire from the ground (one Colombian soldier was killed in action). To safeguard the bombarded guerrilla camp, Colombian assault forces crossed the border, recovered two dead bodies –‘Raúl Reyes’ and a mid-ranking rebel-, arms and ammunition, and collected evidence material.
    [Show full text]
  • AUGUST 2021 Fraser Institute Investment Rankings for 2020 Colombia Ranks First As Country -- Measured by Investment Attractiveness Index
    TSX.V: OCG OTCQX: OCGSF DB: MRG1 Focus on Drilling the High-Grade Santa Ana Silver and Gold Project in Colombia AUGUST 2021 Fraser Institute Investment Rankings for 2020 Colombia Ranks First as Country -- Measured by Investment Attractiveness Index Positive Yearly Momentum Colombia First as Country “The most attractive Latin American and Caribbean jurisdictions for mining investment in 2020 were Colombia (28th), followed by Chile (30th), and Peru (34th).” By Fraser Institute Investment Ranking 2020 2 Disclosure and forward-looking statements: Certain statements included in this presentation are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Canadian securities laws, including the following statements: the ability of Outcrop Gold to make discoveries and develop resources; the anticipated economic potential of the concessions; the availability of capital and finance for the Company to execute its commitments and strategy going forward. Forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions made by the Company in light of its experience and perception of current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that the Company believes are appropriate in the circumstances. Many factors could cause the Company’s results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward looking statements, including: discrepancies between actual and estimated results from exploration and development and operating risks, dependence on early exploration stage concessions; political and foreign risks; uninsurable risks; competition; regulatory restrictions, including environmental regulatory restrictions and liability; currency fluctuations; defective title to mineral claims or property and dependence on key employees. Persons reviewing this presentation are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements due to inherent uncertainty therein.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Colombia in 1998
    THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF COLOMBIA By David B. Doan Although its mineral sector was relatively modest by world foundation of the economic system of Colombia. The standards, Colombia’s mineral production was significant to its constitution guarantees that investment of foreign capital shall gross domestic product (GDP), which grew by 3.2% in 1997. have the same treatment that citizen investors have. The A part of this increase came from a 4.4% growth in the mining constitution grants the State ownership of the subsoil and and hydrocarbons sector.1 In 1998, however, Colombia ended nonrenewable resources with the obligation to preserve natural the year in recession with only 0.2% growth in GDP, down resources and protect the environment. The State performs about 5% from the year before, the result of low world oil supervision and planning functions and receives a royalty as prices, diminished demand for exports, terrorist activity, and a economic compensation for the exhaustion of nonrenewable decline in the investment stream. The 1998 GDP was about resources. The State believes in privatization as a matter of $255 billion in terms of purchasing power parity, or $6,600 per principle. The Colombian constitution permits the capita. Colombia has had positive growth of its GDP for more expropriation of assets without indemnification. than six decades and was the only Latin American country not The mining code (Decree 2655 of 1988) covers the to default on or restructure its foreign debt during the 1980's, prospecting, exploration, exploitation, development, probably owing in no small part to the conservative monetary beneficiation, transformation, transport, and marketing of policy conducted by an independent central bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Going for Gold at Nice: Assessing the EU's Form
    Going for Gold at Nice: Assessing the EU’s Form Institute Européen d’Administration Publique European Institute of Public Administration Rethinking the Crossing the Bridge of Size: European Union IGC 2000 and Beyond Reaching a Deal at Nice Edited by Edward Best Mark Gray Dr Edward Best Alexander Stubb Head of Unit I: European Governance and Policy Processes, EIPA Abstract The Intergovernmental Conference which should conclude at Nice in December 2000 deals with issues of institutional reform which must be resolved before proceeding with enlargement. There are four main questions. Should all countries be able to name a Member of the European Commission, or should the number of Commissioners be ‘capped’ at a number lower than the number of Member States? How should the weighting of Member States’ votes in the Council be adjusted to ensure that winning coalitions under qualified-majority voting represent an adequate proportion of the total EU population – as well as to ‘compensate’ those five Member States which lose their second Commissioner? How far should qualified-majority voting be extended? Should the conditions for ‘closer cooperation’ be relaxed to make it easier to press ahead with integration in particular areas without the participation of all Member States? A deal must be reached at Nice, but the IGC has revealed serious differences between the Member States. There is likely to be an agreement: for one Commissioner per Member State, probably with an internal hierarchy; a significant re- weighting of votes in favour of the big Member States; a moderate extension of qualified-majority voting; and at least the removal of the veto regarding closer cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • Going for Gold a Unit of Work for 14 to 16-Year-Olds by Dr
    Going for gold a unit of work for 14 to 16-year-olds by Dr. Grant Kleeman Macquarie University, Sydney CONTENTS Overview of the unit and rationale Introduction Preparation and introductory activities Activity 1: Factors affecting sporting success in Olympic competition Activity Resource Sheet D1: Factors affecting sporting success in Olympic competition Activity Resource Sheet D2: The Summer Olympics—a truly global event • Table 1: Top five gold medal-winning nations 1988 to 2004 • Figure 2A: Number of countries participating in the Summer Olympic Games 1968 to 2004 • Figure 2B: Number of athletes participating in the Summer Olympic Games 1968 to 2004 • Figure 2C: Number of sporting events contested in the Summer Olympic Games 1968 to 2004 • Figure 3: Changing Summer Olympic Games gold medal distribution 1988 to 2004 Activity Resource Sheet D3: The relationship between gold medal tally and population size • Figure 4: Population and gold medal distribution by continent, Athens 2004 • Table 2: Top 10 gold medal-winning countries adjusted for population, Athens 2004 • Figure 5: Semi-logarithmic scatter graph showing the relationship between gold medal tally and population, Athens 2004 Activity Resource Sheet D4: The relationship between gold medal tally and relative wealth • Figure 6: The relationship between Gross Domestic Product PPP per capita and the number of gold medals won (by region), Athens 2004 Olympic Games • Table 3: Top 10 gold medal-winning countries adjusted for GNI PPP per capita, Athens 2004 • Figure 7: Semi-logarithmic scatter graph showing the relationship between gold medal tally and GDP PPP per capita, Athens 2004 Activity Resource Sheet D5: Student tasks Drawing the lessons together and ideas for follow-up and assessment Activity Resource Sheet D6: Supplementary data © Copyright Australian Geography Teachers’ Association Limited and The Geographical Association (UK) GOING FOR GOLD THE BEIJING GAMES Going for gold Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 190205 USAID Colombia Brief Final to Joslin
    COUNTRY BRIEF I. FRAGILITY AND CLIMATE RISKS II.COLOMBIA III. OVERVIEW Colombia experiences very high climate exposure concentrated in small portions of the country and high fragility stemming largely from persistent insecurity related to both longstanding and new sources of violence. Colombia’s effective political institutions, well- developed social service delivery systems and strong regulatory foundation for economic policy position the state to continue making important progress. Yet, at present, high climate risks in pockets across the country and government mismanagement of those risks have converged to increase Colombians’ vulnerability to humanitarian emergencies. Despite the state’s commitment to address climate risks, the country’s historically high level of violence has strained state capacity to manage those risks, while also contributing directly to people’s vulnerability to climate risks where people displaced by conflict have resettled in high-exposure areas. This is seen in high-exposure rural areas like Mocoa where the population’s vulnerability to local flooding risks is increased by the influx of displaced Colombians, lack of government regulation to prevent settlement in flood-prone areas and deforestation that has Source: USAID Colombia removed natural barriers to flash flooding and mudslides. This is also seen in high-exposure urban areas like Barranquilla, where substantial risks from storm surge and riverine flooding are made worse by limited government planning and responses to address these risks, resulting in extensive economic losses and infrastructure damage each year due to fairly predictable climate risks. This brief summarizes findings from a broader USAID case study of fragility and climate risks in Colombia (Moran et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Information Summary for Rumichaca-Pasto Toll Road
    INFORMATION SUMMARY FOR THE PUBLIC RUMICHACA-PASTO TOLL ROAD Host Country(ies) Colombia Name of Borrower(s) An administration and payment trust established for the benefit of Concesionaria Vial Union del Sur S.A.S. Project Description The Project is the design, construction, and operation of an 84- km corridor of a tolled, dual-carriage highway in southwestern Colombia, including expansion of an existing single-carriage corridor to a dual-carriage highway, and construction of 27km of new highway, pursuant to a 29-year concession agreement with the Republic of Colombia. The Project is projected to serve over 6.75 million vehicles per year by 2020, reducing the transit time by half and increasing the safety of passage between the cities of Pasto, the major population center in the region, and Ipiales, near the Rumichaca border crossing to Ecuador. Proposed OPIC $250 million Loan/Guaranty Total Project Costs Approximately $931.8 million U.S. Sponsor J.P. Morgan Foreign Sponsor Sacyr Concesiones Colombia, S.A.S Policy Review U.S. Economic Impact The Project involves the construction of a toll road in Colombia, and therefore is not expected to have a negative impact on the U.S. economy. There is no U.S. procurement associated with this Project, and therefore the Project is expected to have a neutral impact on U.S. employment. The Project is expected to have a neutral U.S. trade balance impact. Developmental Effects The Project is expected to have a highly developmental impact through the construction and operation of an 84-km tolled, dual-carriage highway in Colombia.
    [Show full text]
  • Afro-Colombians from Slavery to Displacement
    A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE AND EXCLUSION: AFRO-COLOMBIANS FROM SLAVERY TO DISPLACEMENT A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Sascha Carolina Herrera, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. October 31, 2012 A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE AND EXCLUSION: AFRO-COLOMBIANS FROM SLAVERY TO DISPLACEMENT Sascha Carolina Herrera, B.A. MALS Mentor: Kevin Healy, Ph.D. ABSTRACT In Colombia, the Afro-Colombian population has been historically excluded and marginalized primarily due to the legacy of slavery deeply embedded within contemporary social and economic structures. These structures have been perpetuated over many generations of Afro-Colombians, who as a result have been caught in a recurring cycle of poverty throughout their history in Colombia. In contemporary Colombia, this socio-economic situation has been exacerbated by the devastating effects of various other economic and social factors that have affected the Colombian society over half century and a prolonged conflict with extensive violence involving the Colombian state, Paramilitaries, and Guerrillas and resulting from the dynamics of the war on drugs and drug-trafficking in Colombian society. In addition to the above mentioned factors, Afro-Colombians face other types of violence, and further socio-economic exclusion and marginalization resulting from the prevailing official development strategies and U.S. backed counter-insurgency and counter-narcotics strategies and programs of the Colombian state. ii Colombia’s neo-liberal economic policies promoting a “free” open market approach involve the rapid expansion of foreign investment for economic development, exploitation of natural resources, and the spread of agro bio-fuel production such as African Palm, have impacted negatively the Afro-Colombian population of the Pacific coastal region.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Sistemas Regionales De Innovación Gastronómica
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
    [Show full text]
  • ESRS Ituango Hydroelectric Project
    ESRS Ituango Hydroelectric Project 1. General Information on the Scope of the IIC's Environmental and Social Review Summary Empresas Públicas de Medellín E.S.P. (Public Enterprises of Medellin, hereafter "EPM" or the "Company") is classified under Colombian law as a public industrial and commercial company that provides water and sanitation utilities; provides a natural gas network; and generates, transmits, distributes and sells energy. In the hydropower sector, EPM is a previous customer of the Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDBG), with whom a relationship has been maintained since 1993 when operation CO0221 was approved to partially finance the PORCE II Hydroelectric Project. Subsequently, in 2005, operation CO-L1005 was approved to partially finance the PORCE III project. EPM, jointly with the Department of Antioquia, is developing the Ituango Hydroelectric Project (hereafter "Ituango", "IHP" or "the Project"), which is located in the northwest of the Department of Antioquia on the Cauca River, approximately 170 km from the city of Medellín. The Project will have an installed capacity of 2,400 MW, which will allow it to generate approximately 14,040 GWh per year. The Project's first phase, which includes the enabling of four turbines (to reach a capacity of 1,200 MW), is scheduled to be finalized in 2019. The second phase includes bringing the four remaining turbines into operation (to reach 2,400 MW), and will be finalized in 2022. EPM holds the concession for construction of the Project and to operate it for 50 years. The Project's total investment is estimated at approximately COP$11,400,000 million Colombian pesos (equivalent to USD$3.899 billion U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Wren (Troglodytidae: Thryophilus) from the Dry Cauca River Canyon, Northwestern Colombia
    The Auk 129(3):537−550, 2012 The American Ornithologists’ Union, 2012. Printed in USA. A NEW SPECIES OF WREN (TROGLODYTIDAE: THRYOPHILUS) FROM THE DRY CAUCA RIVER CANYON, NORTHWESTERN COLOMBIA CARLOS ESTEBAN LARA,1 ANDRÉS M. CUERVO,2,6 SANDRA V. VALDERRAMA,3 DIEGO CALDERÓN-F.,4 AND CARLOS DANIEL CADENA5 1Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 59A no. 63-20, Medellín, Colombia; 2Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA; 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; 4COLOMBIA Birding, Carrera 83A no. 37C-45, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; and 5Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Abstract.—We describe a new species of wren in the genus Thryophilus (Troglodytidae) based on analysis of morphological, vocal, and genetic variation. Individuals of the new species are readily separated in the field or the museum from those of any other wren species, including its closest relatives T. rufalbus and T. nicefori, by a combination of traits including, but not limited to, plumage coloration of the upperparts, the pattern of barring on the wings and tail, overall smaller body size, a richer repertoire of syllable types, shorter trills, and distinctive terminal syllables. The new species is allopatrically distributed in relation to its congeners, being restricted to the dry Cauca River Canyon, a narrow inter-Andean valley enclosed by the Nechí Refuge rainforests and the northern sectors of the Western and Central Andes of Colombia. Individuals or pairs have been found only in remnant patches of dry forest and scrub at 250– 850 m elevation.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Rastrojos – Extortion – Political Agenda – Police Corruption 13 March 2012
    Country Advice Colombia Colombia – COL39989 – Los Rastrojos – Extortion – Political Agenda – Police Corruption 13 March 2012 1. What is the status of Los Rastrojos – currently active, size, areas of activity (i.e. is its activity confined to particular regions of Colombia)? Los Rastrojos (or „The Stubble‟ in English) is active in Colombia and remains heavily involved in drug trafficking. Since its inception in 2002, the size and reach of the Los Rastrojos has rapidly increased and it is now one of the most powerful drug trafficking organisations in Colombia.1 A 2012 report published by the Brookings Institution2 states that Los Rastrojos is „by far the largest [drug] cartel in Colombia today‟.3 Similarly, in June 2011 Just the Facts4 noted that Los Rastrojos is „likely the most powerful “new” paramilitary group‟ in Colombia.5 In October 2011, Rodney Benson6 of the US Drug Enforcement Agency stated that Los Rastrojos – along with several other criminal organisations – continues to control key coca cultivation and transit areas throughout Colombia and receives a large proportion of its operational funding from drug trafficking.7 In several regions of Colombia, Los Rastrojos has developed alliances with other drug trafficking organisations including the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the National Liberation Army (ELN) (both of which are leftist groups) and the notorious drug trafficker, Daniel „El Loco‟ Barrera Barrera.8 1 Insight (undated) 2011, Rastrojos, 25 February http://insightcrime.org/criminal-groups/colombia/rastrojos/item/63- rastrojos-profile - Accessed 7 March 2012 2 The Brookings Institution is a not-for-profit public policy think tank organisation based in Washington DC, America.
    [Show full text]