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El Orden Plecoptera (Insecta) Del Departamento De Nariño, Colombia

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El Orden Plecoptera (Insecta) Del Departamento De Nariño, Colombia Revista Colombiana de Entomología 39 (2): 229-236 (Julio - Diciembre 2013) 229 Sección Básica El orden Plecoptera (Insecta) del departamento de Nariño, Colombia The order Plecoptera (Insecta) of Nariño department, Colombia GUILLERMO CASTILLO1, MARÍA DEL CARMEN ZÚÑIGA2 y TITO BACCA3 Resumen: La fauna de Plecoptera para el departamento de Nariño está representada por Anacroneuria (Perlidae) y Claudioperla (Gripopterygidae). Las únicas especies registradas son: A. planada y A. tejon. Considerando el escaso conocimiento de las especies de Plecoptera de la región, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un inventario del orden para el departamento. Se documentan 13 especies de Anacroneuria, con énfasis en la región natural andina, 11 de las cuales son primeras observaciones de distribución para la región: A. anchicaya, A. cordillera, A. choco, A. citara, A. farallonensis, A. jewetti, A. munchique, A. portilla, A. quilla, A. socapa y A. tatama. Adicionalmente se incluye información sobre la distribución y ecología de las especies citadas, las cuales representan el 21,3% de las especies conocidas para Colombia. Palabras clave: Entomofauna acuática. Plecópteros. Inventario. Región andina. Abstract: The Plecoptera of Nariño are represented by Anacroneuria (Perlidae) and Claudioperla (Gripoterygidae). The only species recorded for Nariño are A. planada and A. tejon. Considering the lack of studies of Plecoptera in this region, the objective of this work was to carry out an inventory of the order for the department. We documented thirteen Anacroneuria species, with emphasis on the Andean region; eleven of these species aare newly recorded in this region: A. anchicaya, A. cordillera, A. choco, A. citara, A. farallonensis, A. jewetti, A. munchique, A. portilla, A. quilla, A. socapa and A. tatama. Additional information on the distribution and ecology of the species is presented; they represent 21.3% of the known species for Colombia. Key words: Aquatic entomofauna. Stoneflies. Inventory. Andean region. Introducción En el departamento de Nariño el orden Plecoptera registra únicamente dos especies de Anacroneuria: A. planada y A. Plecoptera es uno de los órdenes de mayor importancia de la tejon, ambas para la Reserva Natural La Planada, ubicada en entomofauna dulceacuícola, en donde cumplen un rol eco- la Cordillera Occidental y el Chocó Biogeográfico nariñense lógico importante en la descomposición y recirculación de (Stark et al. 1999). En este departamento, además, se presen- nutrientes, además de contribuir en la red trófica como ali- ta la familia Gripopterygidae con una especie indeterminada mento de otros insectos y vertebrados (Hynes 1976; McCa- de Claudioperla, recolectada en zona altoandina del munici- fferty 1981). Los adultos son terrestres, se encuentran en la pio de Cumbal (Zúñiga et al. 2009). Por lo tanto, se motiva la vegetación circundante a los cuerpos de agua, vuelan poco y, necesidad de ampliar el conocimiento del orden con estudios en general, viven poco tiempo en este estado (Hynes 1976; que contribuyan a documentar la diversidad, distribución y McCafferty 1981). Las ninfas son sensibles a la degradación ecología básica para este importante grupo de la entomofau- del hábitat y la contaminación orgánica, razón por la cual se na acuática regional. consideran buenas indicadoras de calidad ambiental del re- El departamento de Nariño se encuentra ubicado en el curso hídrico (Rosenberg y Resh 1993). extremo suroccidental de Colombia, sitio por donde ingresa En Colombia la fauna de Plecoptera está representada la Cordillera de los Andes. El territorio es montañoso en su por las familias Perlidae y Gripopterygidae, las cuales a ni- mayor parte, pero cuenta con una gran extensión de llanu- vel sudamericano presentan la mayor riqueza y distribución ra costera correspondiente al Chocó Biogeográfico. La zona (Stark et al. 2009). Perlidae registra los géneros Anacrone- montañosa corresponde a los Andes del norte y tiene una uria, Klapalekia y Macrogynoplax, siendo Anacroneuria franja relativamente amplia de influencia amazónica. Tres dominante con 61 especies registradas en un amplio rango importantes cuencas hacen parte de este territorio: la del río geográfico y altitudinal (50 a 3.600 msnm) y prioritariamente Patía, río Mira y la del río Guamués (Delgado et al. 2007). en la región natural andina (70,0%). Klapalekia es un género Este relieve permite la presencia de diversidad de climas y monotípico, reportado para una única localidad en los Andes regímenes pluviométricos y en el norte del departamento se orientales de la Sabana de Bogotá y Macrogynoplax se ubica encuentran formaciones subxerofíticas que corresponden al en tierras bajas de la región amazónica (Zúñiga 2010). Clau- valle del alto Patía, cuya influencia se propaga a través de los dioperla (Gripopterygidae) se conoce en solo dos localida- cañones de los ríos Juanambú y Pasto. A muy corta distancia des de alta montaña en Tolima y Nariño, entre 3.050 y 3.600 se encuentran las formaciones de páramos del norte que se msnm (Barreto-Vargas et al. 2005; Zúñiga et al. 2009). prolongan hacia el suroriente del departamento, formando 1 Licenciado en Biología, Especialista en Ecología, Profesor Asistente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Programa de Biología, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia, [email protected]. 2 M. Sc. Bióloga. Investigadora, Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Departa- mento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, [email protected]. 3 D. Sc. Entomólogo, Profesor Asociado, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Programa de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia. [email protected]. Autor para correspondencia. 230 Revista Colombiana de Entomología Guillermo Castillo et al. una especie de cinturón de islas paramunas que culminan en bitat y de la fuente de agua tales como: ancho, profundidad, la frontera con el Ecuador, con el volcán Chiles. Desde esta temperatura ambiental y del agua y oxígeno disuelto (in situ). zona se inicia el piedemonte amazónico hacia el oriente y Además, se clasificó el tipo de sustrato, vegetación ribereña, el piedemonte pacífico hacia el occidente, en donde son co- coordenadas geográficas y altitud en metros sobre el nivel munes los bosques de niebla, hasta culminar con la llanura del mar (msnm), determinada mediante un geo posicionador costera del pacífico y su selva muy húmeda tropical (Delgado Garmin ETREX30. Mediante información bibliográfica se et al. 2007). determinó la zona de vida con base en el sistema de caracteri- Esta configuración de climas y relieve hace de Nariño una zación climática de Holdrige (1967) y el orden de la corriente de las zonas de mayor biodiversidad en Colombia y a nivel hídrica (Delgado et al. 2007). Teniendo en cuenta el aspecto internacional. A pesar de ser un departamento con una gran general de las fuentes y la información de las variables des- diversidad de pisos térmicos y riqueza de fuentes hídricas, critas, se determinó cualitativamente la calidad del agua. Los muchas de ellas no intervenidas por actividades antrópicas en resultados de estas mediciones se encuentran consignados en sus cabeceras y por ser una región rica en endemismos para la tabla 1. otros grupos animales y vegetales, Nariño posee un conoci- Para la elaboración del mapa de distribución de las es- miento muy preliminar sobre la riqueza del orden Plecoptera. pecies se utilizó el sistema Geographic Coordinate System: Por tal razón, el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un inven- GCS Bogotá, Datum: D Bogotá y el software ESRI® Arc- tario de las especies presentes en la región, e incorporar infor- Map 10.0 licencia ArcInfo. mación sobre su distribución a nivel del país y el Neotrópico. Resultados y discusión Materiales y métodos Familia Perlidae La captura de los individuos adultos de Plecoptera se realizó Género Anacroneuria Klapálek ,1909 mediante el uso de trampas de luz blanca (mercurio) y negra, instaladas entre las 18:00 y 22:00 horas en la zona de ribera Anacroneuria anchicaya Baena y Zúñiga, 1999 de los cuerpos de agua. Los especímenes se retiraron de la Anacroneuria anchicaya Baena y Zúñiga en Stark et al. pantalla blanca sobre la que se colocan las luces y se conser- 1999:22. Holotipo ♂, Colombia, Alto Anchicayá, Valle del varon en viales con alcohol etílico al 80% para su posterior Cauca (MUSENUV). identificación en el laboratorio. Anacroneuria anchicaya: Zúñiga et al. 2006: 54-55. Descrip- Este estudio está basado en una muestra de individuos ción de la hembra (MUSENUV). adultos compuesta por 37 machos y 43 hembras recolecta- das en 20 localidades del departamento de Nariño, corres- Material examinado: COLOMBIA. Nariño. 3♂♂, 2♀♀, pondientes a los municipios de Barbacoas, Consacá, Cumbal, Consacá, circunvalar Galeras, río Cariaco, 01º15’30”N La Cruz, Florida, Mallama, Nariño, Pasto, Puerres, Ricaurte, 77º27’0”O, 1740 m, 11-febrero-2008, trampa de luz, M. del Sandoná, Tumaco y Yacuanquer, en un rango altitudinal entre C. Zúñiga, L. Dias, T. Bacca, D. Martínez, G. Zabala (MU- los 250 y 3.200 msnm. SENUV) (CZUN). 3♂♂, Sandoná, vereda San Isidro - Gua- Los ejemplares capturados están depositados en el Mu- bo, quebrada La Honda, 01º15’29”N 77º27’52”O, 1860 m, seo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle-Santiago de 4-enero-2008, trampa de luz, D. Martínez (MUSENUV) Cali, Colombia (MUSENUV) y la Colección Zoológica de la (CZUN). 1♀, igual información excepto 23-agosto-2009, Universidad de Nariño - Pasto, Colombia (CZUN). Otras de- G. Castillo, M. Rodríguez (CZUN). 2♂♂, La Cruz, corre- signaciones de Museos utilizadas en el texto son: United Sta- gimiento de Plazuelas, quebrada Las Dantas, cuenca del río tes National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C. Mayo, 2380 m, 01º36’26”N 076º57’09”O, trampa de luz, G. (USNM) y el Museo de Entomología Francisco Luis Gallego, Castillo, M. Rodríguez (MUSENUV) (CZUN). Universidad Nacional-Medellín, Colombia (MEFLG). Esta especie está reportada para Colombia y Ecuador, se Para el proceso de identificación de las especies, se utili- conocen el macho y la hembra, pero su ninfa no está aso- zó la genitalia de individuos machos y hembras adultos, ob- ciada.
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