DOCSLIB.ORG

An Integrative Secondary Life Science Curriculum Using Select Ecological Topics Pertaining to Forest Ecosystems of North Coast California

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

AN INTEGRATIVE SECONDARY LIFE SCIENCE CURRICULUM USING SELECT ECOLOGICAL TOPICS PERTAINING TO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF NORTH COAST CALIFORNIA by Melinda Bailey A Project Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Science in Biology Committee Membership Dr. Jeffrey White, Chair Dr. Sean Craig, Committee Member Dr. Erik Jules, Committee Member Dr. Susan Edinger Marshall, Committee Member Dr. Michael Mesler, Graduate Coordinator December 2014 ABSTRACT AN INTEGRATIVE SECONDARY LIFE SCIENCE CURRICULUM USING SELECT ECOLOGICAL TOPICS PERTAINING TO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF NORTH COAST CALIFORNIA Melinda Bailey Place-based education is an instructional approach that engages students with their local environment, which can enrich the educational experience and improve scientific literacy. This project is a place-based secondary-level life science curriculum incorporating important ecological concepts using select forest types of the North Coast of California, USA. The North Coast has a rich natural history and many schools are situated near forests. This curriculum is multidimensional and includes structured units for middle school and high school students presented in three thematic modules: general forest ecology, coast redwoods, and oak woodlands. Units are preceded by a companion piece for each module that embeds some of the latest scientific research intended to broaden a teachers’ previous knowledge. Information is approached from different spatial and temporal scales and designed for flexibility in order to fit the needs of local educators. Information was routinely sourced from primary scientific literature and professional reports, which often can be difficult to obtain and comprehend by the non-specialist. Components include figures and select data, which are integrated into student lessons that offer a unique conduit between scientists, science teachers, and science students. Evidence reveals students learn best when actively engaged and presented with relevant information. By developing a challenging ii place-based curriculum aligned to new standards that incorporate scientific skills and interdisciplinary connections, both formal and informal science educators will have a useful, informative resource pertaining to local forest types that can enrich the learning experience of their students while connecting them to the place in which they live. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to give special thanks to my husband, Mark Bailey; a lover of science and information, who offered continued support for my project including a keen eye, valuable feedback, and computer generated graphics. A special thank you to Marie Antoine, who edited all of my rough draft manuscripts and to Dr. Stephen Sillett who, as a friend and a scientist, reminded me of the rigor it takes to produce a non-biased, well-researched paper. I extend further thanks to Dr. Sillett for letting me use field data collected in Prairie Creek State Park. I would like to extend a special thank you to my advisor, Dr. Jeffrey White, for his ongoing support since the initial stages of this project. He gave me valuable feedback throughout the process and kept me on the right track. I would also like to extend my appreciation to my committee: Dr. Sean Craig, Dr. Susan Edinger Marshall, and Dr. Erik Jules, for their willingness to support me in this endeavor and for their time and effort. Furthermore, I’d like to acknowledge the Redwood Science Project for providing funds to pay for an editor at the final stages of my project. In addition, I would like to thank all of the other people who contributed to this project. Thanks go out to Michael Kauffmann and Melody Hjerpe, who created either custom maps or a specific drawing to use in my project. Thanks to Lynn Webb, Jim Wheeler, and Jason Teraoka for working with me on appropriate data sets to use in my lessons. Thanks to Deborah Zierten for sharing the latest information on redwood species and for editing one of my teacher keys. Thanks to Andrea Pickart, who gave me permission to use her botanical drawings, and to the following people that allowed me to use their photos or figures in my project: Matt Cocking, Kevin Cole, Thomas Dunklin, iv Shayne Green, Greg Giusti, William Selby, and Robert Van Pelt. I would also like to thank my close friends and family, who had faith in me for finishing such a monumental project and for reminding me of its potential value. v PROJECT SUMMARY The primary purpose of this forest series is to offer both science education professionals and informal educators involved in secondary science education (grades 7-12) a stimulating, place-based, natural history curriculum, strongly steeped in ecological concepts and principles. The targeted region is centered in Mendocino and Humboldt Counties located on the North Coast of California, USA. Throughout this curriculum project, a spectrum of ecological concepts and scientific skills are woven together pertaining to many different ecological themes including: general ecology, population and community ecology, landscape ecology, fire ecology, restoration ecology, and conservation biology. Effort has been made to integrate often difficult to obtain information sourced from peer- reviewed scientific journals and professional reports in order to add depth and improve scientific skills. Science by its nature is an interdisciplinary field and much of the material has students observing, describing, manipulating, and modeling variables. This project integrates many different learning strategies useful in enriching both the classroom and outdoor learning experiences. All lessons contained within each unit are aligned with the disciplinary core ideas of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and apply to the interdisciplinary approach set forth by the Common Core Skills and Standards (CCSS). The entire curriculum series includes three main sections. The first section is an introduction to the curriculum. This is followed by a prelude, which gives a brief overview of California’s natural history, as well as the positive and negative influences humans have had on the landscape. It presents information from a biogeographical perspective intended to vi provide a geographical template useful in gaining a wider perspective about the natural world. Three subsequent thematic units follow the prelude: Module 1: Integrative Forest Ecology, Module 2: Behind the Redwood Curtain, and Module 3: Our Disappearing Oak Woodlands. Each module is multidimensional and comes in two main parts. Part I is a teacher companion, written to expand the background information of local educators wanting to learn more about the forests of the North Coast. It integrates physical and biological science concepts that shape a particular forest type and focuses on the life sciences in particular. Part II encompasses two units of study; one pertaining to 7th grade life science and the other to 10th grade biology. All lessons within each unit include any necessary student worksheets along with answer keys in order to make each lesson useful and time saving for the instructor. The first few pages of each lesson include a unit overview that clearly states the focal learning objectives of each lesson. Each lesson gives a lesson overview that highlights key concepts, required materials, time needed, and interdisciplinary connections. A suggested structured procedure is outlined for the instructor that includes preliminary questions and answers in order to connect students to their prior understanding. Potential links to relevant online information are given and each lesson includes a list of needed materials as well a wide assortment of ideas to use as extension activities. At the end of each module is a comprehensive glossary of key terms useful for building vocabulary and references useful for further research. Real world data are incorporated into several lessons within each module to improve the educational experience and to allow students an engaging lens into the world of vii scientists. By analyzing real world data, students can use quantitative reasoning while integrating many skills and principles relating to Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education, a program widely recognized for preparing students for technology-based careers and becoming well-informed citizens. Evidence shows students learn best when actively engaged and presented with relevant material. By incorporating the latest science, students can be engaged in an important and challenging science curriculum appropriate for learning in the 21st century. In summary, this curriculum project uses forest ecology as a framework for learning scientific concepts and integrates many different lessons at various grade levels to complete various learning objectives. This project is intended to act as a bridge between scientists and science students, and therefore can be pertinent to improving scientific literacy, careers in science, and other science related endeavors. Most of the North Coast is covered by abundant and mixed forest types, which can provide a perfect place for students to explore firsthand where they live while giving relevancy and meaning to scientific concepts. Whether a teacher utilizes a unit in its entirety or hand-picks particular lessons within a particular grade appropriate unit, each lesson is designed to add meaning and enrichment to primary resources used in the classroom and beyond. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………….…..…
Recommended publications
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
  • And Engelmann Oak (Q. Engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1

    And Engelmann Oak (Q. Engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1

    Insect-oak Interactions with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) and Engelmann Oak (Q. engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1 Connell E. Dunning,2 Timothy D. Paine,3 and Richard A. Redak3 Abstract We determined the impact of insects on both acorns and seedlings of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E. Greene). Our goals were to (1) identify insects feeding on acorns and levels of insect damage, and (2) measure performance and preference of a generalist leaf-feeding insect herbivore, the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes [Fabricus] Orthoptera: Acrididae), on both species of oak seedlings. Acorn collections and insect emergence traps under mature Q. agrifolia and Q. engelmannii revealed that 62 percent of all ground-collected acorns had some level of insect damage, with Q. engelmannii receiving significantly more damage. However, the amount of insect damage to individual acorns of both species was slight (<20 percent damage per acorn). Curculio occidentis (Casey) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Valentinia glandulella Riley (Lepidoptera: Blastobasidae) were found feeding on both species of acorns. No-choice and choice seedling feeding trials were performed to determine grasshopper performance on the two species of oak seedlings. Quercus agrifolia seedlings and leaves received more damage than those of Q. engelmannii and provided a better diet, resulting in higher grasshopper biomass. Introduction The amount of oak habitat in many regions of North America is decreasing due to increased urban and agricultural development (Pavlik and others 1991). In addition, some oak species are exhibiting low natural regeneration. Although the status of Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E.
  • Diversity in Host Preference of Rotylenchus Spp. Y.S

    Diversity in Host Preference of Rotylenchus Spp. Y.S

    International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O) and Technology, Vol. 7, No 5, 2018, 1786 – 1793 2277-663X (P) DIVERSITY IN HOST PREFERENCE OF ROTYLENCHUS SPP. Y.S. Rathore Principal Scientist (Retd.), Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur -208024 (U.P.) E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Species of the genus Rotylenchus are ecto- or semi-endo parasites and feed on roots of their host plants. In the study it was found that 50% species of Rotylenchus were monophagous and mostly on plants in the clade Rosids followed by monocots, Asterids and gymnosperms. In general, Rosids and Asterids combined parasitized more than 50% host species followed by monocots. Though food preference was species specific but by and large woody plants were preferred from very primitive families like Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae to representatives of advanced families. Woody plants like pines and others made a substantial contribution in the host range of Rotylenchus. Maximum number of Rotylenchus species harboured plants in families Poaceae (monocots), Rosaceae (Rosids) and Oleaceae (Asterids) followed by Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Asteraceae and Pinaceae. It is, therefore, suggested that agricultural crops should be grown far away from wild vegetation and forest plantations. Keywords: Rotylenchus, Magnoliids, Rosids, Asterids, Gymnosperms, Host preference. INTRODUCTION Species of the genus Rotylenchus (Nematoda: Haplolaimidae) are migratory ectoparasites and browse on the surface of roots. The damage caused by them is usually limited to necrosis of penetrated cells (1). However, species with longer stylet penetrate to tissues more deeply and killing more cells and called as semi-endoparasites (2,3). The genus contains 97 nominal species which parasitize on a wide range of wild and cultivated plants worldwide (3).
  • A Floristic Study of the Evergreen State College Campus Sam Lohmann June 12, 2006

    A Floristic Study of the Evergreen State College Campus Sam Lohmann June 12, 2006

    A Floristic Study of The Evergreen State College Campus Sam Lohmann June 12, 2006 INTRODUCTION This paper lists the vascular plants that occur on the campus of The Evergreen State College (TESC), and describes the nine principle plant communities of the campus. It is based on my field observations and collections during Spring Quarter of 2006, and also on the specimens housed in the TESC herbarium, collected by numerous workers since the mid-1970s. Pene Speaks’s “The Campus of The Evergreen State College: Soils and Vegetation” (1982) was also a useful resource, and my study is partially a revision and expansion of the floristic information in that article. I used Hitchock and Cronquist’s Flora of the Pacific Northwest (1973) for my identifications, and follow its nomenclature, except for revised family names. The paper follows a format adapted from Bowcutt (1999). It should be noted that this study is not exhaustive. It does not include the many cultivated plants on campus, except if they have naturalized. Although I made an effort to cover many trails and range widely and representatively over the campus, I did not have time to systematically cover the entire grounds. I did not concentrate on grasses or small weeds, and my study does not do full justice to the diversity of these groups on campus. In addition, there were some species collected on campus by other workers, whose presence I was not able to confirm in the field; this is noted in the plant list. Thus the plant list should be regarded as an introduction to the plants of the campus and a starting point for further floristic work, rather than as a complete, definitive catalog.
  • Direct Effects of Carpophagous Insects on the Germination Ability and Early Abscission of Oak Acorns

    Direct Effects of Carpophagous Insects on the Germination Ability and Early Abscission of Oak Acorns

    Acta Silv. Lign. Hung., Vol. 2 (2006) 57-68 Direct Effects of Carpophagous Insects on the Germination Ability and Early Abscission of Oak Acorns * György CSÓKA – Anikó HIRKA Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Mátrafüred, Hungary Abstract – Carpophagous insects play an important role in decreasing the viability of acorns in both direct and indirect ways. Therefore they significantly influence the reproductive potential of oaks. As a direct effect, their feeding on the embryo and on the cotyledons may prevent the germination of the acorn and on the other hand, their damage causes premature acorn abscission. During 3 years, 60 acorn samples from five oak species (Turkey oak – Quercus cerris, pedunculate oak – Quercus robur, sessile oak – Quercus petraea, downy oak – Quercus pubescens, red oak – Quercus rubra) have been investigated. The average rate of damage varied a lot between years, but was always significant (2000: 36%, 2001: 61%, 2002: 51%). The insects’ influence causing premature acorn abscission was significant both for pedunculate and Turkey oaks. The premature acorn abscission was 34% of the total crop in 2000 for pedunculate oak (Curculio spp. 26%, Cydia spp. 2% and Andricus quercuscalicis 6%) and 39% in 2001 (Curculio spp. 14%, Cydia spp. 2%, Andricus quercuscalicis 13%, Callirhytis glandium 10%). In case of Turkey oak it was 29% in 2001 (C. glandium 16%, Neuroterus saliens 13%, and 12% in 2002 (C. glandium 10%, N. saliens 2%). oaks / Quercus, / acorn / carpophagous insects / germination ability/ early abscission Kivonat – A karpofág rovarok közvetlen hatása tölgymakkok csíraképességére és korai hullására. A karpofág rovarok közvetlenül és közvetve is egyaránt jelentős szerepet játszanak a tölgymakkok csíraképességének csökkenésében, ezáltal a tölgyek reprodukciós képességében.
  • EXTERNAL GENITALIC MORPHOLOGY and COPULATORY MECHANISM of CYANOTRICHA NECYRIA (FELDER) (DIOPTIDAE) Genitalic Structure Has Been

    EXTERNAL GENITALIC MORPHOLOGY and COPULATORY MECHANISM of CYANOTRICHA NECYRIA (FELDER) (DIOPTIDAE) Genitalic Structure Has Been

    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 42(2). 1988, 103-115 EXTERNAL GENITALIC MORPHOLOGY AND COPULATORY MECHANISM OF CYANOTRICHA NECYRIA (FELDER) (DIOPTIDAE) JAMES S. MILLER Curatorial Fellow, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024 ABSTRACT. External genitalia of Cyanotricha necyria (Felder) exhibit characters that occur in the Notodontidae and Dioptidae. These provide further evidence that the two groups are closely related. Dissection of two C. necyria pairs in copula revealed two features unique among copulatory mechanisms described in Lepidoptera. First, only the male vesica, rather than the aedoeagus and vesica, are inserted into the female. Secondly, during copulation the female is pulled into the male abdomen, and his eighth segment applies dorsoventral pressure on the female's seventh abdominal segment. This mechanism is facilitated by a long membrane between the male eighth and ninth abdominal segments. The first trait is probably restricted to only some dioptid species, while the second may represent a synapomorphy for a larger group that would include all dioptids, and all or some notodontids. Additional key words: Noctuoidea, Notodontidae, Josiinae, functional morphology. Genitalic structure has been one of the most important sources of character information in Lepidoptera systematics. Taxonomists often use differences in genitalic morphology to separate species, and ho­ mologous similarities have provided characters for defining higher cat­ egories in Lepidoptera classification (Mehta 1933, Mutuura 1972, Dug­ dale 1974, Common 1975). Unfortunately, we know little concerning functional morphology of genitalia. A knowledge of function may aid in determining homology of genitalic structures, something that has proved to be extremely difficult and controversial.
  • CURRICULUM VITAE VERNARD R. LEWIS Work: ESPM-University Of

    CURRICULUM VITAE VERNARD R. LEWIS Work: ESPM-University Of

    CURRICULUM VITAE VERNARD R. LEWIS Work: ESPM-University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 EDUCATION: Ph.D. Entomology University of California, Berkeley, CA December 1989 Thesis Title: Host-Insect Interactions in the California Oakworm/Coast Live Oak Ecosystem. M.S. Entomology University of California, Berkeley, CA June 1979 Thesis Title: A Study of Aggressive Behavior in the Brownbanded Cockroach, Supella longipalpa (Fabricius) (Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Blattellidae). B.S. Agricultural Sciences University of California, Berkeley, CA June 1975 Area of Specialization: Entomology EXPERIENCE: 7/2017-pres. Emeritus, Extension Specialist in ESPM 1/91-6/2017. Extension Specialist. Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, Division of Insect Biology, University of California, Berkeley. Duties include: guest lecturing, proposal development, research, and publishing on household and structural pests. 9/88-12/90 Postdoctoral Fellow. Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley. Research activities include: proposal development, publishing, and research on acorn weevils, California oakworms, and termites. 8/86-4/88 Vector Control Coordinator. San Quentin State Prison. Duties included: overseeing all indoor and outdoor animal pest and weed control services. Also coordinated vendor pest control services and supervised inmate work crews. 4/82-8/86 Staff Entomologist. IPM Systems, Incorporated. Duties included: training and supervision of pest control service technicians, and marketing personnel
  • Pdf> Version 1.1 [Acceso En Junio De Mejoraron Sustancialmente El Manuscrito

    Pdf> Version 1.1 [Acceso En Junio De Mejoraron Sustancialmente El Manuscrito

    INVESTIGACIÓN PRELIMINAR DE LA DEPREDACIÓN DE SEMILLAS EN LA GERMINACIÓN DE LAS BELLOTAS DE Quercus candicans Née A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF PRE-DISPERSAL SEED PREDATION ON THE GERMINATION OF Quercus candicans Née ACORNS Francisco Díaz-Fleischer1*, Verónica Hernández-Arellano1, Lázaro Sánchez-Velásquez1, Tomás Cano-Medina1, Raquel Cervantes-Alday2, Maurilio López-Ortega1 1INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Apartado Postal 250, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, México. ([email protected]) 2Vivero Plan de San Antonio, Coatepec, Veracruz, México. Resumen AbstRAct Las bellotas de los encinos (Quercus spp.) son atacadas The acorns of oaks (Quercus spp.) are attacked in the en etapa de predispersión por varias especies de insectos. pre-dispersal stage by various insect species. Despite the A pesar de la importancia de los encinos en programas importance of the oaks in reforestation programs, the impact de reforestación, el impacto del ataque de estos insectos, of the attack of these seed predation insects on the germination depredadores de semillas sobre la germinación de las bellotas of the acorns is not well known, is very variable and depends es poco conocido, muy variable y depende de la especie de on the oak species. In this study, the infestation level of encino. En este estudio se determinó el nivel de infestación, insects in acorns of Quercus candicans Née was determined por insectos, en bellotas de Quercus candicans Née y su efecto along with its effect on germination. For this purpose, en la germinación. Para ello se realizaron muestreos en campo samplings were made in the field using traps for collection usando trampas para recolectar bellotas y recolectas directas acorns and direct collecting from de soil.
  • Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California

    Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California

    ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise.
  • On Garry Oak (Quercus Garryana) Acorn Germination on Vancouver Island

    On Garry Oak (Quercus Garryana) Acorn Germination on Vancouver Island

    The Effects of the Filbert Weevil (Curculio occidentis) and the Filbertworm (Cydia latiferreana) on Garry Oak (Quercus garryana) Acorn Germination on Vancouver Island. An undergraduate research project by Jennifer Waller Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree at Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo, British Columbia April, 2006 ABSTRACT Garry oak trees (Quercus garryana) and their associated ecosystems are among the most diverse and endangered landscapes in B.C. Garry oak acorns are susceptible to two insect species, the Filbert weevil (Curculio occidentis) and the Filbertworm (Cydia latiferreana). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the Filbert weevil and the Filbertworm on Garry oak acorn germination on Vancouver Island. In the fall of 2005 a total of 1,985 Garry oak acorns were collected from 8 locations: three sites in Victoria, two sites in Nanaimo, two sites in the Comox Valley, and from Hornby Island. The acorns were observed for species-specific insect exit-hole damage, planted in potting soil, labeled as either insect-damaged or undamaged, then watered and observed for germination until December. The acorns were then removed from their containers, inspected, and insect damage was recorded. Five of the 8 sites indicated a trend that undamaged acorns were more likely to germinate than insect-damaged acorns. For example, the highest percent germination was 99% of undamaged acorns and 84% of insect-damaged acorns at one site in Courtenay. The highest total insect abundance based on insect exit holes, was 1.3 insects per acorn at the other Courtenay site.
  • Hazelnut Pest and Beneficial Insects EM 8979-E • June 2009 an Identification Guide V

    Hazelnut Pest and Beneficial Insects EM 8979-E • June 2009 an Identification Guide V

    Hazelnut Pest and Beneficial Insects EM 8979-E • June 2009 An identification guide V. Walton, U. Chambers, J. Olsen Nut-feeding pests FILBERTWORM Filbertworm Gold bands Filbert weevil Curculio occidentis Filbertworm Cydia latiferreana Filbert Adult weevils Adult Filbertworm larva has visible legs, is pale, and has a Knowledge of this pest is limited, worm shape. Filbert weevil larva is legless, a milky due to inconsistent damage and color, and has a grub shape. infestation patterns. Life stages Symptoms Frass Exit hole Larva (left) Filbertworm larva in winter cocoon. Larvae Trapping overwinter in organic matter such as debris and grass. (center) Adult filbertworm. Flights and damage occur • Pheromone traps for adults as early as late May and as late as harvest in October. • Four traps for first 10 acres, one trap for each additional 4 acres Possibly two generations per season. First trappings made in surrounding oaks. • Place traps in upper third of canopy by mid-June (right) Filbertworm pupa. • Check traps once a week until you detect pest activity; increase checks to twice a week until you apply pest controls. • Action thresholds—two to three moths per trap, or five moths in any Vaughn M. Walton, horticultural entomologist; one trap Ute Chambers, postdoctoral research scholar, Department of Horticulture; and Jeff Olsen, Extension horticulturist, Yamhill County; all of Oregon State University Pherocon VI trap Delta trap Foliage-feeding pests LEAFROLLERS Sampling Monitor weekly from late March to late May. Both species: • Larvae—three
  • Flora-Lab-Manual.Pdf

    Flora-Lab-Manual.Pdf

    LabLab MManualanual ttoo tthehe Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros Flora of New Mexico Lab Manual to the Flora of New Mexico Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros University of New Mexico Herbarium Museum of Southwestern Biology MSC03 2020 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA 87131-0001 October 2009 Contents page Introduction VI Acknowledgments VI Seed Plant Phylogeny 1 Timeline for the Evolution of Seed Plants 2 Non-fl owering Seed Plants 3 Order Gnetales Ephedraceae 4 Order (ungrouped) The Conifers Cupressaceae 5 Pinaceae 8 Field Trips 13 Sandia Crest 14 Las Huertas Canyon 20 Sevilleta 24 West Mesa 30 Rio Grande Bosque 34 Flowering Seed Plants- The Monocots 40 Order Alistmatales Lemnaceae 41 Order Asparagales Iridaceae 42 Orchidaceae 43 Order Commelinales Commelinaceae 45 Order Liliales Liliaceae 46 Order Poales Cyperaceae 47 Juncaceae 49 Poaceae 50 Typhaceae 53 Flowering Seed Plants- The Eudicots 54 Order (ungrouped) Nymphaeaceae 55 Order Proteales Platanaceae 56 Order Ranunculales Berberidaceae 57 Papaveraceae 58 Ranunculaceae 59 III page Core Eudicots 61 Saxifragales Crassulaceae 62 Saxifragaceae 63 Rosids Order Zygophyllales Zygophyllaceae 64 Rosid I Order Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae 65 Order Fabales Fabaceae 66 Order Fagales Betulaceae 69 Fagaceae 70 Juglandaceae 71 Order Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae 72 Linaceae 73 Salicaceae 74 Violaceae 75 Order Rosales Elaeagnaceae 76 Rosaceae 77 Ulmaceae 81 Rosid II Order Brassicales Brassicaceae 82 Capparaceae 84 Order Geraniales Geraniaceae 85 Order Malvales Malvaceae 86 Order Myrtales Onagraceae