DOCSLIB.ORG

Preliminary Results in Evaluation In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Preliminary investigation on the HLB natural infection in citrus and citrus relative species in Mekong Delta, Vietnam Le Thi Thu Hong, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Truc, Nguyen Thanh Nhan Southern Fruit Research Institute (SOFRI) Toïm tàõt Bãûnh Huanglong bin laì bãûnh dëch nghiãm troüng trãn cáy coï muïi åí Viãût Nam. Nhàòm tçm hiãøu tênh chäúng chëu/ khaïng cuía mäüt säú loaìi thæûc váût hoü haìng cáy coï muïi, âäúi våïi vi khuáøn gáy bãûnh, chuïng täi âaî khaío saït trong tæû nhiãn 83 máùu cáy vaì giaïm âënh laûi bàòng PCR. Kãút quaí bæåïc âáöu cho tháúy táút caí caïc máùu nguyãût quåïi, kim quyït, cáön thàng duì coï triãûu chæïng hay khäng âãöu cho kãút quaí ám tênh qua PCR. Mäüt säú doìng vä tênh cáy coï muïi khaïc nhæ saính chua, saính ngoüt, bæåíi âoí, cam sen, hanh, tàõc daìi, chanh taìu cuîng coï kãút quaí tæång tæû. Viãûc âaïnh giaï âang âæåüc tiãúp tuûc tiãún haình trong nhaì læåïi bàòng láy nhiãùm nhán taûo vaì âaïnh giaï sinh hoüc vaì taûi phoìng thê nghiãûm Viãûn Nghiãn Cæïu Cáy Coï Muïi åí Nháût (NIFTS) bàòng phæång phaïp phán tæí. 1. Introduction Citrus HLB disease causes severe damage to citrus production in Vietnam. All citrus species were infested, Vietnam native such as, Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata, Citrus nobilis, Citrus microcarpa, Citrus maxima and Japan native such as Citrus satuma, Citrus unshu, Citrus tankan, Citrus kabuchii, Citrus depressa (Shinji Kawano, 2000) by natural observation. The pathogen has many strains and carried by the vectors Trioza erytreae or Diaphorina citri. Many citrus and citrus relatives were recorded as host such as Murraya paniculata, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus lemon, Citrus sinensis, Citrus media, Citrus nobilis, Citrus reticulata, Citrus deliciosa, Microcitrus australisiaca, Citrus paradis. The others such as Citrus hystrix, Citrus grandis, Triphasia trifoliata, Fortunella sp., Poncirus trifoliata, Murraya koenigii, Toddalia asiatica, Vepros lanceolata. Oviposition and larvae development of the psylid could be seen on the above species (B.Aubert, 1987). This investigation on the HLB natural infection of some plant species were done with field observation and PCR test in order to preliminary evaluate some plant source of tolerance/ resistance for further study. 2. Materials and Methods Samples of citrus and relative citrus species were collected from Tien giang (TG), Ben Tre (BT), Dong Thap (DT), Vinh Long (VL) and Can Tho (CT) province. PCR was used for HLB detection with some details as: - Total nucleic acid from midrib vein in citrus leaves was extracted using CTAB method according to Nakashima et al, 1996. 129 - Primer: A2J5 (from INRA, French) or OI1, OI2C (From Jircas Japan), originally designed by Jagoueix et al, 1994 for amplification of 16 S rDNA region of HLB pathogen were used. - A thermocycler with the following programs was used for DNA amplification: 35 cycles each at 92 0C for 30s, 540C for 30s, and 720C for 60s for primer OI1, OI2C; 35 cycles each at 94 0C for 30s, 540C for 30s, and 720C for 60s for primer OI1, OI2C; - Eight microlitres of amplified DNA were electroforesed in a 0,8- 1% agarose gel in Tris acetate EDTA buffer. DNA bands were visualized with ultraviolet light after staining in an ethidiumbromide solution. 3. Results and Discussion Table 1: List of plant species collected for HLB observation Sr./ No Scientific name Vietnamese name Location (province name) 1 Citrus sinensis Cam mat Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 2 Citrus sinensis. Cam sanh Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 3 Citrus sinensis Cam sen Can Tho 4 Citrus aurantium Cam dang Can Tho 5 Citrus sinensis Cam navel Can Tho 6 Citrus sinensis Cam california Can Tho 7 Citrus sinensis Cam soan Can Tho, Ben Tre 8 Citrus maxima Buoi 5 roi Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 9 Citrus maxima Buoi da xanh Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 10 Citrus maxima Buoi do Can Tho, Ben Tre 11 Citrus maxima Buoi banh xe Can Tho, Vinh Long, Ben Tre 12 Citrus Chanh vo ngot Can Tho microacrumen 13 Citrus limon Chanh tau Can Tre, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 14 Citrus limon Chanh tuong Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 15 Citrus sicilian Chanh khong hat Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 16 Citrus limon Chanh giay Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 17 Citrus microcarpa Hanh Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 18 Wild species Tac dai Can Tho 19 Hybrid Sanh ngot Can Tho 20 Hybrid Sanh chua Can Tho 21 Citrus reticulata Quit tieu Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 22 Citrus reticulata Quit duong Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 23 Citrus reticulata Quit ta Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang 24 Feronia Can thang Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long elephantumcorrea 25 Triphasia trifoliata. Kim quit Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 26 Murraya paniculata Nguyet quoi Can Tho, Ben Tho, Tien Giang, Vinh Long 130 Total of 26 plant species were collected from Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang provinces with 83 samples. The collection was done on the HLB severe infection areas. Samples of symptom less as well as visible symptoms plants were collected. Table 2: Evaluation of natural infection of HLB of collected samples by PCR Sr.No Code name Visible symptom PCR reaction 1 Mp-CT 1 Mottling - 2 Fe- CT 2 No symptom - 3 Or-CT 3 No symptom - 4 Mp-CT 4 Zn deficiency - 5 Or-CT 5 No symptom - 6 Sch-CT 6 Mottling + 7 Mp-CT7 Yellow - 8 Mp-CT 8 Yellow - 9 Or-CT 9 Mottling - 10 Mand-CT 10 Nosymptom - 11 Mp-CT 11 Yellow - 12 Sng-CT12 No symptom - 13 Mp-CT13 Yellow - 14 Mp-CT14 Yellow - 15 Sch-CT 15 Symptom + 16 Ltau-CT16 Yellow - 17 Sch-CT17 No symptom + 18 Mp-CT18 Yellow - 19 Mp-CT19 Yellow - 20 Mp-CT 20 Yellow - 21 Mp-CT 21 Yellow - 22 Mp-CT 22 Yellow - 23 Mp-CT 23 Yellow - 24 Ru-CT 24 - 25 Orsen-CT 25 No symptom - 26 Pum-CT 26 Mottling - 27 Pum-CT27 Nosymptom + 28 Ltau-CT 28 Yellow - 29 Pum-CT 29 No symptom - 30 Mp-CT 30 Zn deficiency - 31 Mp-CT 31 Zn deficiency - 32 Mp-CT 32 Zn deficiency - 33 Mp-CT 33 Zn deficiency - 34 Mp-CT 34 Yellow - 35 Mp-CT 35 Yellow - 131 36 Mp-CT 36 Yellow - 37 Mp-CT37 Yellow - 38 Mp-CT 38 Yellow - 39 Mp-CT39 Yellow - 40 Mp-CT 40 Yellow - 41 Mp-CT 41 Yellow - 42 Mp-CT 42 Yellow - 43 Fe-CT43 Yellow - 44 Fe-CT 44 Yellow - 45 Fe-CT 45 Yellow - 46 Fe-CT 46 Yellow - 47 Na-CT47 Yellow - 48 Lvn-CT48 No symptom - 49 OrCali-CT49 Symptom - 50 Ordang-CT 50 No symptom - 51 Pum5R-Ordang-CT 51 No symptom - 52 Na-Orsweet –CT 52 No symptom - 53 Mp-CT 53 NS - 54 Man-CT 54 - 55 Man-CT 55 Yellow - 56 Ha-CT 56 - 57 Ha-CT 57 - 58 Rur-CT 58 - 59 Rur-CT59 - 60 Na- Volka-CT60 No symptom - 61 Sng-CT61 No symptom - 62 ManT-CT62 No symptom - 63 Orsen-CT63 - 64 PumDo-CT64 - 65 Ha-CT65 No symptom - 66 Orsoan-CT66 No symptom - 67 ManTa-CT67 No symptom - 68 Pum-TG1 Symptom, + 69 Orsanh-TG2 Symptom + 70 Chtau-BT1 Symptom - 71 Orsoan-BT2 Symptom - 72 Orsanh-BT3 Symptom - 73 PumLong-BT4 Symptom - 74 Pum- Ruta-BT5 Symptom - 75 Ruta-BT6 - 76 Volka-BT7 Very serve + 132 77 Ruta-BT8 - 78 Ha-CT68 Symptom - 79 Ha-CT69 Symptom - 80 Mp-CT70 Symptom - 81 PumDo-BT9 No symptom - 82 Orsweet –TG3 Mottling + 83 Man-DT1 Mottling + Among 83 samples detected by PCR, only 7 samples were PCR positive. Of them, the clone Sch- CT6 with 20 years old and still survives well, other Sanh chua such as Sch-CT15, Sch-CT17 were also in the same condition. Further findings for potential HLB tolerance genetic resource should be worked out from these clones. Some clones/ plants of commercial varieties were without symptom. All Can thang (Feronia elephantumcorrea),, Kim quyt (Triphasia trifoliata) and Nguyet quoi (Murraya paniculata) were PCR negative reaction of HLB detection from natural infection. It is known that these citrus relatives are the favorite hosts of the psylla Diaphorina citri. Mechanism for not transferring HLB pathogen or improved PCR protocol detection on these species needs to be further studied. Therefore, these three species, i.e., Can thang (Feronia elephantumcorrea), Kim quyt (Triphasia trifoliata), Nguyet quoi (Murraya paniculata) may be a potential HLB resistance source. We have repeated the PCR detection for 12 samples of 3 citrus related species above but all gave negative reaction (Table 3). While sampling the presence of psylla on these plants were recorded. Table 3: Some evaluated HLB resistant related-citrus species in MD Sr.No English name Province PCR result 1 Feronia elephantumcorrea Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, - Vinh Long 2 Triphasia trifolia Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, - Vinh Long 3 Murraya paniculata Can Tho, Ben Tre, Tien Giang, - Vinh Long Observation on the graft compatility of some combinations Nam roi pummelo/ Can thang, Da xanh pummelo/ Can thang, King mandarin/ Can thang, sweet orange/ Can thang and Nam roi pummelo/ Kim quyt in the nursery/ orchards of farmers as shown in table 4. Pummelo, sweet orange and King mandarin could be grown well and gave fruits through some bud-union ring and abnormal symptoms induced. There was completely incompatibility between Nam roi pummelo and Kim quyt.
Recommended publications
  • SPRO 2005 30 Citrus Greening

    SPRO 2005 30 Citrus Greening

    FOR INFORMATION DA# 2005-30 September 16, 2005 SUBJECT: New Federal Restrictions to Prevent Movement of Citrus Greening TO: STATE AND TERRITORY AGRICULTURAL REGULATORY OFFICIALS On September 2, 2005, APHIS confirmed the findings of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) that identified the first U.S. detection of citrus greening caused by the bacterium, Liberibacter asiaticus. The disease was detected through the APHIS-FDACS’ Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Program (CAPS). FDACS has imposed regulations governing the movement of certain material from Miami-Dade County. PPQ is imposing similar restrictions to support our combined efforts to prevent movement of citrus greening disease from infested areas, effectively immediately. All ornamental citrus psyllid host plant material in addition to all citrus is quarantined and prohibited from movement out of Miami-Dade County. A compliance agreement is being developed in conjunction with FDACS that will include recommended controls and treatments for the citrus psyllid. These treatments will allow for citrus psyllid host plant material (other than citrus) from Miami-Dade County to be shipped within the State of Florida and to non-citrus producing states. The certification process for host plants of L. asiaticus is more complex and will take more time to develop certification procedures. For all other counties, the interstate shipping (shipments outside the State of Florida) of all citrus psyllid host plants (including citrus) is permitted, except to citrus producing states (Arizona, California, Louisiana, Texas, and Puerto Rico). If citrus greening disease is detected in additional counties, the regulations established for Miami-Dade County will be applied. The current Citrus Canker quarantine areas remain in effect; these quarantines prohibit the movement of citrus out of the quarantine area.
  • Citrus Greening Candidatus Liberibacter Text and Images from FDACS Pest Alert, Susan Halbert, DPI

    Citrus Greening Candidatus Liberibacter Text and Images from FDACS Pest Alert, Susan Halbert, DPI

    Citrus Greening Candidatus Liberibacter Text and images from FDACS Pest Alert, Susan Halbert, DPI Asian citrus psyllid adult and nymph Yellow shoots and defoliation caused by citrus greening infection. Citrus greening disease or huanglongbing (yellow dragon disease) may be the most serious citrus disease in the world. It is the major limiting factor for citrus production in parts of Asia and Africa. In areas where the disease is endemic, citrus trees may live for 5-8 years and never produce usable fruit (Roistacher 1996). At the time of this writing, citrus greening disease is widespread in Asia, Africa, and the Saudi Arabian Peninsula. It was reported in July 2004 in São Paulo State, Brazil (Coletta-Filho et al. 2004) and in south Miami-Dade County in Florida in August 2005. Citrus greening has not been found in Australia, or the Mediterranean citrus production regions. Origin PATHOGEN: Citrus greening disease is caused by phloem-limited bacteria in the genus Candidatus Liberibacter. Three species are described, including Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Texeira et al. 2005). VECTORS: The most common vector species, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the Asian citrus psyllid, was found for the first time in the USA in Palm Beach County in June 1998, and has since colonized peninsular Florida. Most long distance spread of the vector occurred as a result of movement of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (orange-jasmine), a popular ornamental and a preferred host of D. citri. The other reported vector is the African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae (del Guercio). Host Range Citrus greening infects most citrus species, hybrids, cultivars, and some citrus relatives.
  • Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid

    Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid

    Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina Liberibacter citri Plant Name asiaticus Citrus Huanglongbing Psyllid Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr.: bael, Bengal quince, golden apple, bela, milva X Aeglopsis chevalieri Swingle: Chevalier’s aeglopsis X X Afraegle gabonensis (Swingle) Engl.: Gabon powder-flask X Afraegle paniculata (Schum.) Engl.: Nigerian powder- flask X Atalantia missionis (Wall. ex Wight) Oliv.: see Pamburus missionis X X Atalantia monophylla (L.) Corr.: Indian atalantia X Balsamocitrus dawei Stapf: Uganda powder- flask X X Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle: Malay ghost-lime X Calodendrum capense Thunb.: Cape chestnut X × Citroncirus webberi J. Ingram & H. E. Moore: citrange X Citropsis gilletiana Swingle & M. Kellerman: Gillet’s cherry-orange X Citropsis schweinfurthii (Engl.) Swingle & Kellerm.: African cherry- orange X Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse: djerook leemo, djeruk-limau X Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle: lime, Key lime, Persian lime, lima, limón agrio, limón ceutí, lima mejicana, limero X X Citrus aurantium L.: sour orange, Seville orange, bigarde, marmalade orange, naranja agria, naranja amarga X Citrus depressa Hayata: shiikuwasha, shekwasha, sequasse X Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck: see Citrus maxima X Citrus hassaku hort. ex Tanaka: hassaku orange X Citrus hystrix DC.: Mauritius papeda, Kaffir lime X X Citrus ichangensis Swingle: Ichang papeda X Citrus jambhiri Lushington: rough lemon, jambhiri-orange, limón rugoso, rugoso X X Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka: xiang
  • The Asian Citrus Psyllid and the Citrus Disease Huanglongbing

    The Asian Citrus Psyllid and the Citrus Disease Huanglongbing

    TheThe AsianAsian CitrusCitrus PsyllidPsyllid andand thethe CitrusCitrus DiseaseDisease HuanglongbingHuanglongbing Psyllid Huanglongbing The psyllid (pronounced síl - lid) is a small insect, about the size of an aphid The pest insect It has an egg stage, 5 wingless intermediate stages called nymphs, and winged adults Adult The pest insect Egg 5 Nymphs (insects molt to grow bigger) Adult psyllids usually feed on the underside of leaves and can feed on either young or mature leaves. This allows adults to survive year -round. The pest insect When feeding, the adult leans forward on its elbows and tips its rear end up in a very characteristic 45 o angle. The eggs are yellow -orange, tucked into the tips of tiny new leaves, and they are difficult to see because they are so small The pest insect The nymphs produce waxy tubules that direct the honeydew away from their bodies. These waxy tubules are unique and easy to recognize. Nymphs can only survive by living on young, tender The leaves and stems. pest insect Thus, nymphs are found only when the plant is producing new leaves. As Asian citrus psyllid feeds, it injects a salivary toxin that causes the tips of new leaves to easily break off. If the leaf survives, then it twists as it grows. Twisted leaves can be a sign that the psyllid has been there. The pest insect What plants can the psyllid attack? All types of citrus and closely related plants in the Rutaceae family • Citrus (limes, lemons, oranges, grapefruit, mandarins…) • Fortunella (kumquats) • Citropsis (cherry orange) • Murraya paniculata (orange jasmine) • Bergera koenigii (Indian curry leaf) • Severinia buxifolia (Chinese box orange) Plants • Triphasia trifolia (limeberry) • Clausena indica (wampei) affected • Microcitrus papuana (desert-lime) • Others….
  • Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid

    Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid

    Known Host Plants of Huanglongbing (HLB) and Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina Liberibacter citri Plant Name asiaticus Citrus Huanglongbing Psyllid Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr.: bael, Bengal quince, golden apple, bela, milva X Aeglopsis chevalieri Swingle: Chevalier’s aeglopsis X X Afraegle gabonensis (Swingle) Engl.: Gabon powder-flask X Afraegle paniculata (Schum.) Engl.: Nigerian powder- flask X Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.: jackfruit, jack, jaca, árbol del pan, jaqueiro X Atalantia missionis (Wall. ex Wight) Oliv.: see Pamburus missionis X X Atalantia monophylla (L.) Corr.: Indian atalantia X Balsamocitrus dawei Stapf: Uganda powder- flask X X Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle: Malay ghost-lime X Calodendrum capense Thunb.: Cape chestnut X × Citroncirus webberi J. Ingram & H. E. Moore: citrange X Citropsis gilletiana Swingle & M. Kellerman: Gillet’s cherry-orange X Citropsis schweinfurthii (Engl.) Swingle & Kellerm.: African cherry- orange X Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse: djerook leemo, djeruk-limau X Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle: lime, Key lime, Persian lime, lima, limón agrio, limón ceutí, lima mejicana, limero X X Citrus aurantium L.: sour orange, Seville orange, bigarde, marmalade orange, naranja agria, naranja amarga X Citrus depressa Hayata: shiikuwasha, shekwasha, sequasse X Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck: see Citrus maxima X Citrus hassaku hort. ex Tanaka: hassaku orange X Citrus hystrix DC.: Mauritius papeda, Kaffir lime X X Citrus ichangensis Swingle: Ichang papeda X Citrus jambhiri Lushington: rough lemon, jambhiri-orange, limón rugoso, rugoso X X Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka: xiang cheng, yuzu X Citrus kabuchi hort. ex Tanaka: this is not a published name; could they mean Citrus kinokuni hort. ex Tanaka, kishu mikan? X Citrus limon (L.) Burm.
  • Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015

    Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015

    Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry Version 3.0 July 2015 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015 Location: Level 1 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our web site: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available through the email address listed above. © Plant Health Australia Limited 2004 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia Limited, except when content has been provided by other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by another person. With the exception of any material protected by a trade mark, this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivs 3.0 Australia licence. Any use of this publication, other than as authorised under this licence or copyright law, is prohibited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ - This details the relevant licence conditions, including the full legal code. This licence allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to Plant Health Australia (as below). In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: Plant Health Australia Ltd (2004) Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry (Version 3.0 – July 2015). Plant Health Australia, Canberra, ACT. Disclaimer: The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific and independent professional advice.
  • Joimalofagmoiltdraiesea

    Joimalofagmoiltdraiesea

    JOIMALOFAGMOILTDRAIESEARCH VOL. XIX WASHINGTON, D. C, JULY 15, 1920 No. 8 RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CITRUS-CANKER OF DIFFERENT SPECIES AND HYBRIDS OF THE GENUS CITRUS, INCLUDING THE WILD RELATIVES » By GEORGE I*. PELTIER, Plant Pathologist, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, and Agent, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, and WILLIAM J. FREDERICH, Assistant Pathologist, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture 2 INTRODUCTION In a preliminary report (6)3 the senior author briefly described the results obtained under greenhouse conditions for a period of six months on the susceptibility and resistance to citrus-canker of a number of plants including some of the wild relatives, Citrus fruits, and hybrids of the genus Citrus. Since that time the plants reported on have been under close observation; a third experiment has been started, and many inoculations have been made in the isolation field in southern Alabama during the summers of 1917, 1918, and 1919. Many more plants have been successfully inoculated; others have proved to be extremely sus- ceptible; while some of those tested still show considerable resistance. The results obtained up to November 1, 1919, are described in tjhis report. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS In the greenhouse, the methods used and the conditions governing the inoculations described in the preliminary report were closely fol- lowed. The same strain of the organism was used and was applied in the 1 Published with the approval of the Director of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. The paper is based upon cooperative investigations between the Office of Crop Physiology and Breeding Investi- gations, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Plant Pathology, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station.

  • Holdings of the University of California Citrus Variety Collection 41

    Holdings of the University of California Citrus Variety Collection Category Other identifiers CRC VI PI numbera Accession name or descriptionb numberc numberd Sourcee Datef 1. Citron and hybrid 0138-A Indian citron (ops) 539413 India 1912 0138-B Indian citron (ops) 539414 India 1912 0294 Ponderosa “lemon” (probable Citron ´ lemon hybrid) 409 539491 Fawcett’s #127, Florida collection 1914 0648 Orange-citron-hybrid 539238 Mr. Flippen, between Fullerton and Placentia CA 1915 0661 Indian sour citron (ops) (Zamburi) 31981 USDA, Chico Garden 1915 1795 Corsican citron 539415 W.T. Swingle, USDA 1924 2456 Citron or citron hybrid 539416 From CPB 1930 (Came in as Djerok which is Dutch word for “citrus” 2847 Yemen citron 105957 Bureau of Plant Introduction 3055 Bengal citron (ops) (citron hybrid?) 539417 Ed Pollock, NSW, Australia 1954 3174 Unnamed citron 230626 H. Chapot, Rabat, Morocco 1955 3190 Dabbe (ops) 539418 H. Chapot, Rabat, Morocco 1959 3241 Citrus megaloxycarpa (ops) (Bor-tenga) (hybrid) 539446 Fruit Research Station, Burnihat Assam, India 1957 3487 Kulu “lemon” (ops) 539207 A.G. Norman, Botanical Garden, Ann Arbor MI 1963 3518 Citron of Commerce (ops) 539419 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3519 Citron of Commerce (ops) 539420 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3520 Corsican citron (ops) 539421 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3521 Corsican citron (ops) 539422 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3522 Diamante citron (ops) 539423 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3523 Diamante citron (ops) 539424 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio
  • Improvement of Subtropical Fruit Crops: Citrus

    Improvement of Subtropical Fruit Crops: Citrus

    IMPROVEMENT OF SUBTROPICAL FRUIT CROPS: CITRUS HAMILTON P. ÏRAUB, Senior Iloriiciilturist T. RALPH ROBCNSON, Senior Physiolo- gist Division of Frnil and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Tndusiry MORE than half of the 13 fruit crops known to have been cultivated longer than 4,000 years,according to the researches of DeCandolle (7)\ are tropical and subtropical fruits—mango, oliv^e, fig, date, banana, jujube, and pomegranate. The citrus fruits as a group, the lychee, and the persimmon have been cultivated for thousands of years in the Orient; the avocado and papaya were important food crops in the American Tropics and subtropics long before the discovery of the New World. Other types, such as the pineapple, granadilla, cherimoya, jaboticaba, etc., are of more recent introduction, and some of these have not received the attention of the plant breeder to any appreciable extent. Through the centuries preceding recorded history and up to recent times, progress in the improvement of most subtropical fruits was accomplished by the trial-error method, which is crude and usually expensive if measured by modern standards. With the general accept- ance of the Mendelian principles of heredity—unit characters, domi- nance, and segregation—early in the twentieth century a starting point was provided for the development of a truly modern science of genetics. In this article it is the purpose to consider how subtropical citrus fruit crops have been improved, are now being improved, or are likel3^ to be improved by scientific breeding. Each of the more important crops will be considered more or less in detail.
  • The Asian Citrus Psyllid and the Citrus Disease Huanglongbing

    The Asian Citrus Psyllid and the Citrus Disease Huanglongbing

    The Asian Citrus Psyllid and the Citrus Disease Huanglongbing Psyllid M. Rogers Beth Grafton-Cardwell Dept of Entomology, UC Riverside and Director Lindcove Research and Extension Center Huanglongbing It has an egg stage, 5 wingless intermediate stages called nymphs, and winged adults Adult The pest insect Egg 5 Nymphs (insects molt to grow bigger) Adult psyllids can feed on either young or mature leaves. This allows adults to survive year-round. The pest insect M. Rogers When feeding, the adult leans forward on its elbows and tips its rear end up in a very o M. Rogers characteristic 45 angle. The eggs are yellow-orange, tucked into the tips of tiny new leaves. They are difficult to see because they are so small The pest insect M. Rogers The nymphs produce waxy tubules that direct the honeydew away from their bodies. These tubules are unique and easy to recognize. Nymphs can only survive by living on young, tender The leaves and stems. pest insect M. Rogers Thus, nymphs are found only when the plant is producing new leaves. M. Rogers As the psyllid feeds, it injects a salivary toxin that causes the tips of new leaves to easily break off. If the leaf survives, then it twists as it grows. Twisted leaves can be a sign that the psyllid has been there. The pest insect M. Rogers M. Rogers M. Rogers What plants can the psyllid attack? All types of citrus and closely related plants in the Rutaceae family • Citrus (limes, lemons, oranges, grapefruit, mandarins…) • Fortunella (kumquats) • Citropsis (cherry orange) • Murraya paniculata (orange jasmine) • Bergera koenigii (Indian curry leaf) Plants • Severinia buxifolia (Chinese box orange) affected • Triphasia trifolia (limeberry) • Clausena indica (wampei) • Microcitrus papuana (desert-lime) • Others….
  • Nuclear Species-Diagnostic SNP Markers Mined from 454 Amplicon Sequencing Reveal Admixture Genomic Structure of Modern Citrus Varieties

    Nuclear Species-Diagnostic SNP Markers Mined from 454 Amplicon Sequencing Reveal Admixture Genomic Structure of Modern Citrus Varieties

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Nuclear Species-Diagnostic SNP Markers Mined from 454 Amplicon Sequencing Reveal Admixture Genomic Structure of Modern Citrus Varieties Franck Curk1,2, Gema Ancillo2, Frédérique Ollitrault2, Xavier Perrier3, Jean- Pierre Jacquemoud-Collet3, Andres Garcia-Lor2, Luis Navarro2*, Patrick Ollitrault2,4* 1 Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR Agap), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Inra), Centre Inra de Corse, F-20230, San Giuliano, Corsica, France, 2 Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (Ivia), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain, 3 Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR Agap), Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), TA A-108/02, 34398, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France, 4 Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR Agap), Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Station de Roujol, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France OPEN ACCESS * [email protected] (LN); [email protected] (PO) Citation: Curk F, Ancillo G, Ollitrault F, Perrier X, Jacquemoud-Collet J-P, Garcia-Lor A, et al. (2015) Nuclear Species-Diagnostic SNP Markers Mined from 454 Amplicon Sequencing Reveal Admixture Abstract Genomic Structure of Modern Citrus Varieties. PLoS Most cultivated Citrus species originated from interspecific hybridisation between four an- ONE 10(5): e0125628. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0125628 cestral taxa (C. reticulata, C. maxima, C. medica, and C. micrantha) with limited further inter- specific recombination due to vegetative propagation. This evolution resulted in admixture Academic Editor: David D Fang, USDA-ARS- SRRC, UNITED STATES genomes with frequent interspecific heterozygosity.
  • New Disease-Resistant Rootstocks Urgently Neededby Citrus Growers

    New Disease-Resistant Rootstocks Urgently Neededby Citrus Growers

    FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 201 20 years of age before they bloomed in North recent plantings of this Rhodesian mahogany ern Rhodesia, Africa. in southern and south central parts of Florida The mother mahogany tree in Miami, which show that young seedlings of this species have is approximately 20 years old, probably came survived frosts, hurricanes, and dry weather from one of Dr. W. L. Thompson's numerous when planted in hammocks, but have not been introductions of Khaya nyasica seed from Mt. able to fare for themselves under exposed Silinda, Southern Rhodesia, the earliest intro conditions in the open. If these trees can sur duction being received in 1902 (1). This tree vive and reproduce themselves under South in the Miami City Cemetery most likely came Florida conditions, as at least one tree has from Plant Introduction No. 59293 of Dr. done to date, there may well be possibilities Thompson's which arrived in Washington, D. for this new tree crop in this hemisphere. C, April 19, 1924. 1. Lynch, S. J., and H. S. Wolfe. Khaya The Khaya nyasica plantings among Carib nyasica, a new mahogany for South Florida. bean pine at the Sub-Tropical Experiment Sta Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. 55:113-116, 1942. tion (2) continue to show promise, as well as 2. Lynch, S. J., and H. S. Wolfe. Future plantings at the Dade County nursery on Red may see mahogany forests in Florida. Florida Road, Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida. More Grower, August, 1942. NEW DISEASE-RESISTANT ROOTSTOCKS URGENTLY NEEDED BY CITRUS GROWERS WALTER T.