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  • Viracocha 1 Viracocha
    ווירָאקוצֱ'ה http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=37&ved=0COYCEBYwJA&url=http %3A%2F%2Fxa.yimg.com%2Fkq%2Fgroups%2F35127479%2F1278251593%2Fname%2F14_Ollantaytam bo_South_Peru.ppsx&ei=TZQaVK- 1HpavyASW14IY&usg=AFQjCNEHlXgmJslFl2wTClYsRMKzECmYCQ&sig2=rgfzPgv5EqG-IYhL5ZNvDA ויראקוצ'ה http://klasky-csupo.livejournal.com/354414.html https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99 ווירקוצ'ה فيراكوتشا http://www.startimes.com/?t=20560975 Viracocha 1 Viracocha Viracocha Great creator god in Inca mythology Offspring (according to some legends) Inti, Killa, Pachamama This article is about the Andean deity. For other uses, see Wiraqucha (disambiguation). Viracocha is the great creator god in the pre-Inca and Inca mythology in the Andes region of South America. Full name and some spelling alternatives are Wiracocha, Apu Qun Tiqsi Wiraqutra, and Con-Tici (also spelled Kon-Tiki) Viracocha. Viracocha was one of the most important deities in the Inca pantheon and seen as the creator of all things, or the substance from which all things are created, and intimately associated with the sea.[1] Viracocha created the universe, sun, moon, and stars, time (by commanding the sun to move over the sky) and civilization itself. Viracocha was worshipped as god of the sun and of storms. He was represented as wearing the sun for a crown, with thunderbolts in his hands, and tears descending from his eyes as rain. Cosmogony according to Spanish accounts According to a myth recorded by Juan de Betanzos,[2] Viracocha rose from Lake Titicaca (or sometimes the cave of Paqariq Tampu) during the time of darkness to bring forth light.
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  • 159. City of Cusco, Including Qorikancha (Inka Main Temple), Santa Domingo (Spanish Colonial Convent), and Walls of Saqsa Waman (Sacsayhuaman)
    159. City of Cusco, including Qorikancha (INka main temple), Santa Domingo (Spanish colonial convent), and Walls of Saqsa Waman (Sacsayhuaman). Central highlands, Peru. Inka. C.1440 C.E.; conent added 1550-1650 C.E. Andesite (3 images) Article at Khan Academy Cusco, a city in the Peruvian Andes, was once capital of the Inca empire, and is now known for its archaeological remains and Spanish colonial architecture. Set at an altitude of 3,400m, it's the gateway to further Inca sites in the Urubamba (Sacred) Valley and the Inca Trail, a multiday trek that ends at the mountain citadel of Machu Picchu. Carbon-14 dating of Saksaywaman, the walled complex outside Cusco, has established that the Killke culture constructed the fortress about 1100 o The Inca later expanded and occupied the complex in the 13th century and after Function: 2008, archaeologists discovered the ruins of an ancient temple, roadway and aqueduct system at Saksaywaman.[11] The temple covers some 2,700 square feet (250 square meters) and contains 11 rooms thought to have held idols and mummies,[11] establishing its religious purpose. Together with the results of excavations in 2007, when another temple was found at the edge of the fortress, indicates there was longtime religious as well as military use of the facility, overturning previous conclusions about the site. Many believe that the city was planned as an effigy in the shape of a puma, a sacred animal. It is unknown how Cusco was specifically built, or how its large stones were quarried and transported to the site.
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  • Machu Picchu & the Sacred Valley
    Machu Picchu & The Sacred Valley — Lima, Cusco, Machu Picchu, Sacred Valley of the Incas — TOUR DETAILS Machu Picchu & Highlights The Sacred Valley • Machu Picchu • Sacred Valley of the Incas • Price: $1,995 USD • Vistadome Train Ride, Andes Mountains • Discounts: • Ollantaytambo • 5% - Returning Volant Customer • Saqsaywaman • Duration: 9 days • Tambomachay • Date: Feb. 19-27, 2018 • Ruins of Moray • Difficulty: Easy • Urumbamba River • Aguas Calientes • Temple of the Sun and Qorikancha Inclusions • Cusco, 16th century Spanish Culture • All internal flights (while on tour) • Lima, Historic Old Town • All scheduled accommodations (2-3 star) • All scheduled meals Exclusions • Transportation throughout tour • International airfare (to and from Lima, Peru) • Airport transfers • Entrance fees to museums and other attractions • Machu Picchu entrance fee not listed in inclusions • Vistadome Train Ride, Peru Rail • Personal items: Laundry, shopping, etc. • Personal guide ITINERARY Machu Picchu & The Sacred Valley - 9 Days / 8 Nights Itinerary - DAY ACTIVITY LOCATION - MEALS Lima, Peru • Arrive: Jorge Chavez International Airport (LIM), Lima, Peru 1 • Transfer to hotel • Miraflores and Pacific coast Dinner Lima, Peru • Tour Lima’s Historic District 2 • San Francisco Monastery & Catacombs, Plaza Mayor, Lima Cathedral, Government Palace Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner Ollyantaytambo, Sacred Valley • Morning flight to Cusco, The Sacred Valley of the Incas 3 • Inca ruins: Saqsaywaman, Rodadero, Puca Pucara, Tambomachay, Pisac • Overnight: Ollantaytambo, Sacred
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  • PROJECT REPORT MACHU PICCHU SANCTUARY VOLUNTEER TRIP November 2-11, 2016
    PROJECT REPORT MACHU PICCHU SANCTUARY VOLUNTEER TRIP November 2-11, 2016 Figure 1. November 2016 ConservationVIP Volunteers on terraces overlooking the Urubamba River Executive Summary Conservation Volunteers International Program (ConservationVIP) organized and led a volunteer trip to the Historical Sanctuary of Machu Picchu in November 2016, in collaboration with Peru’s Ministry of Culture, and the Ministry of Environment (National Service for Protected Area Management, SERNANP). The project was authorized by Doctor Vidal Pino Zambrano, Director de la Direccion Desconcentrada de Cultura Cusco - Ministry of Culture, and by engineer José Carlos Nieto Navarrete, Jefe of the Historical Sanctuary of Machu Picchu for SERNANP. The projects were discussed with anthropologist José Fernando Astete Victoria, Jefe del Parque Arqueológico Nacional de Machupicchu. Twenty volunteers, including the two trip leaders, John Hollinrake and Dr. Bill Sapp, ConservationVIP Board Members, and el Licenciado Santiago Carrasco Bellota, performed 500 hours of volunteer work related to the following projects: Machu Picchu November 2016 Volunteer Trip Report Page 2 1. On Sunday, November 6, 2017, volunteers cleared Melinis minutiflora, known colloquially as pasto gordura, from 1.35 kilometers of Inca Trail between the Guard House and the Sun Gate, from 0.16 kilometers of the 50-steps portion of the Inca Trail between Wiñay Wayna and the Sun Gate, and from an approximately 1 meter buffer on either side of the trail. Total area cleared of approximately 5,205 square meters. One group of volunteers dug 35 holes for planting native trees along the trail. 2. On Monday, November 7, 2017, one group of volunteers cleared Melinis minutiflora from 750 sq.
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  • UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR ANT 3164-7927/ANG 5164-06DA LIMITED ENROLLMENT Spring 2015 by Instructor’S Permission
    1 UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR ANT 3164-7927/ANG 5164-06DA LIMITED ENROLLMENT Spring 2015 By Instructor’s Permission Prof. Michael Moseley Thursday Periods 6-8 Turlington B352 (12:50 - 3:55 pm) [email protected] Turlington (TUR) Room 1208 Course website: http://lss.at.ufl.edu THE INCA AND THEIR ANCESTORS: ADAPTATIONS IN ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA Drawing from ethnological, historical, and archaeological sources, this seminar explores human adjustments to extreme ecological conditions. Embracing the towering Andean Mountains, the parched Atacama Desert, and the Amazon jungle fringes, the Inca Imperium was the largest empire of antiquity ever to arise south of the equator or in the Western Hemisphere. It synthesized unique adaptations to acute environmental conditions that had precedents in earlier societies and states of the Cordillera. Many of these adjustments continue to sustain the hemisphere’s largest Native American populations. Consequently, ethnographies and ethnohistories of indigenous people capture fascinating cultural institutions that shaped the archaeological past. The seminar will explore both the successes of Andean people and the failures of human development induced by natural disasters. CLASS STRUCTURE In addition to opening presentations, weekly classes will have student commentary and discussion of assigned readings. There will be oral assessments of how the readings articulate with seminar topics. Drawing upon the readings, each participant will bring to class a ~2 page short synopsis of questions and issues for discussion. The weekly briefs are important because they will guide the seminar’s considerations. They will be graded as will oral participation. Attendance is required. WEEKLY READINGS Seminar participants will be assigned weekly reading that form core discussion issues.
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  • Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads Advisor
    Silva Collins, Gabriel 2019 Anthropology Thesis Title: Making the Mountains: Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads Advisor: Antonia Foias Advisor is Co-author: None of the above Second Advisor: Released: release now Authenticated User Access: No Contains Copyrighted Material: No MAKING THE MOUNTAINS: Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads by GABRIEL SILVA COLLINS Antonia Foias, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Anthropology WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts May 19, 2019 Introduction Peru is famous for its Pre-Hispanic archaeological sites: places like Machu Picchu, the Nazca lines, and the city of Chan Chan. Ranging from the earliest cities in the Americas to Inca metropolises, millennia of urban human history along the Andes have left large and striking sites scattered across the country. But cities and monuments do not exist in solitude. Peru’s ancient sites are connected by a vast circulatory system of roads that connected every corner of the country, and thousands of square miles beyond its current borders. The Inca road system, or Qhapaq Ñan, is particularly famous; thousands of miles of trails linked the empire from modern- day Colombia to central Chile, crossing some of the world’s tallest mountain ranges and driest deserts. The Inca state recognized the importance of its road system, and dotted the trails with rest stops, granaries, and religious shrines. Inca roads even served directly religious purposes in pilgrimages and a system of ritual pathways that divided the empire (Ogburn 2010). This project contributes to scholarly knowledge about the Inca and Pre-Hispanic Andean civilizations by studying the roads which stitched together the Inca state.
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  • Of Priests and Pelicans: Religion in Northern Peru
    Of Priests and Pelicans: Religion in Northern Peru Kennedi Bloomquist I am standing in the far corner of the Plaza des Armas, excitement racing through my chest. Along the roads surrounding the plaza are long brilliant murals made of colorful flower petals lined with young school girls in bright red jumpsuits, their eyes following my every movement. A cool breeze whips around stirring the array of magenta, turquoise, royal purple, orange and various shades of green petals. 20 tall arches placed between the various flower murals are covered with bright yellow flowers (yellow symbolizes renewal and hope) spotted with white (white symbolizes reverence and virtue) and fuchsia (fuchsia symbolizes joy) roses. A stage has been erected in the street in front of the mustard yellow Trujillo Cathedral. In the center of the stage is an altar with a statue of Christ on the cross with an elaborate motif hanging on the back wall with angels carrying a large ornate crown. A band plays loud and wildly out of tune Christian salsa music to the side of the stage. A large golden sign reading Corpus Christi sits along the top of the building sidled up against the Cathedral. The feeling permeating throughout the square is carefree and peaceful. As I wander through the crowd, I cannot stop smiling at all the people dancing, shaking their hands to the sky. Some spin in circles, while others just clap their hands smiling towards the heavens. Next to me an older woman in a simple church outfit with a zebra print scarf holds a JHS (Jesus Hominum Savitore) sign in one hand and reaches for the sky with her other hand, shuffling back and forth.
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  • Arquitectura Prehispánica De Tierra: Conservación Y Uso Social En Las Huacas De Moche, Perú
    Arquitectura prehispánica de tierra: conservación y uso social en las Huacas de Moche, Perú Ricardo Morales Gamarra Génesis de un proyecto de investigación subtropical (dd-S), carente de árboles en el flan- vol. 20, núm. 2 (2007): 256-277 interdisciplinaria co sur y, por lo tanto, expuesto a los fuertes vientos alisios y su carácter abrasivo y contaminante, por APUNTES El Complejo Arqueológico Huacas de Moche estu- la arena y material particulado que acarrea desde 256 El presente documento vo en completo abandono y expuesto al cotidiano el litoral. Precisamente por este factor meteoro- reporta un avance del saqueo hasta mayo de 1991, fecha en que el lógico, los edificios sacros moche y chimú están proceso de investigación y evaluación del Proyecto Proyecto de Investigación y Conservación inicia orientados hacia el norte. Este sitio fue el centro de Conservación sus labores de campo, en el marco institucional rector de la sociedad moche que se desarrolló en Arqueológica y Uso de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo y con el la costa norte del Perú (figura 1) desde los inicios Social de la Huaca de la Luna, Valle de Moche, financiamiento de la Fundación Ford de Estados de nuestra era hasta el siglo VIII, constituyéndo- en la costa norte del Unidos. Meses antes, el 20 de octubre de 1990, se en su tiempo en el centro urbano-ceremonial Perú, un monumento arquitectónico preinca descubrí los primeros relieves polícromos en el más importante de la macro región norte de los construido en tierra, con flanco sur de Huaca de la Luna y, gracias a este Andes centrales.
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  • Of Coastal Ecuador
    WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Department of Anthropology Dissertation Examination Committee: David L. Browman, Chair Gwen Bennett Gayle Fritz Fiona Marshall T.R. Kidder Karen Stothert TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND CHANGE: SHELL ARTIFACT PRODUCTION AMONG THE MANTEÑO (A.D. 800-1532) OF COASTAL ECUADOR by Benjamin Philip Carter A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2008 Saint Louis, Missouri Copyright by Benjamin Philip Carter © 2008 ii Acknowledgments For this research, I acknowledge the generous support of the National Science Foundation for a Dissertation Improvement Grant (#0417579) and Washington University for a travel grant in 2000. This dissertation would not exist without the support of many, many people. Of course, no matter how much they helped me, any errors that remain are mine alone. At Drew University, Maria Masucci first interested me in shell bead production and encouraged me to travel first to Honduras and then to Ecuador. Without her encouragement and support, I would not have begun this journey. In Honduras, Pat Urban and Ed Schortman introduced me to the reality of archaeological projects. Their hard- work and scholarship under difficult conditions provided a model that I hope I have followed and will continue to follow. While in Honduras, I was lucky to have the able assistance of Don Luis Nolasco, Nectaline Rivera, Pilo Borjas, and Armando Nolasco. I never understood why the Department of Anthropology at Washington University in St. Louis accepted me into their program, but I hope that this document is evidence that they made the right choice.
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  • Mathematics and Architecture of the Incas in Peru
    AC 2011-2240: MATHEMATICS AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE INCAS IN PERU Cheri Shakiban, University of St. Thomas I am a professor of mathematics at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota, where I have been a faculty member since 1983. I received my Ph.D. in 1979 from Brown University in Formal Cal- culus of Variations. My recent area of research is mostly in computer vision, with applications to object recognition. My publications are in diverse areas of mathematics and engineering. I love to work with undergraduate students, in particular, underrepresented students, to get them involved in doing research in mathematics and encourage them to give conference presentations/posters and submit their work for publication. In addition to teaching regular math courses, I also like to create and teach innovative courses such as ”Mathematical symmetry of Southern Spain” and ”Mathematics and Architecture of the Incas in Peru”, which I have taught as study abroad courses several times. Michael P. Hennessey, University of St. Thomas Michael P. Hennessey (Mike) joined the full-time faculty as an Assistant Professor fall semester 2000. He is an expert in machine design, computer-aided-engineering, and in the kinematics, dynamics, and control of mechanical systems, along with related areas of applied mathematics. Presently, he has published 41 technical papers (published or accepted), in journals (9), conferences (31), or magazines (1). In 2006 he was tenured and promoted to the rank of Associate Professor. Mike gained 10 years of industrial and academic research lab experience at 3M, FMC, and the University of Minnesota prior to embarking on an academic career at Rochester Institute of Technology (3 years) and Minnesota State University, Mankato (2 years).
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  • Ficha Técnica
    FICHA TÉCNICA PERÚ TRAS LA HUELLA DE LOS INCAS Gran Ruta por el Perú Andino SALIDAS DIARIAS – 23 días / 21 noches Textos originales de: Mary Carmen Valadés El Perú es un gran país que reúne en sí cuatro grandes zonas geográficas, y que desde el pasado conformaron diferentes culturas: la Costa, cuna de los mochicas, chimús, paracas..., la Sierra, centro de la cultura quechua, el Altiplano, región aymara, y la Selva Amazónica, con cientos de etnias, como los boras, machiguengas, yaguas... Este viaje recorre esas extensas regiones, de norte a sur, pasando de los nevados de la Cordillera Blanca a la inmensidad del Cañón del Colca, la puna silenciosa del Ttiticaca, la alegría andina del Cusco, o la calidez selvática del sagrado Machu Picchu. Una visión completa de lo que allí denominan “el Perú Profundo”. Salidas diarias desde 2 personas. Precio: 2.045 € (Basado en 10 personas) Precio final con vuelo: Desde 2.644 € Incluye: -Vuelo Internacional: Iberia en clase Q, tasas e impuestos de emisión (a confirmar precios al momento de emisión), paquete terrestre detallado en ficha técnica en régimen de aloj/desay, seguro básico de viaje. Consultar descuentos por ofertas en tarifas aéreas. No incluye: Suplementos de ocupación, suplementos de carburante (si aplican), gastos a pagar en destino: tasas de aeropuertos en Perú, entradas, alimentación no incluida, propinas y extras, así como seguros opcionales. Suplementos: 8-9 personas: 16 € 4-7 personas: 48 € 2-3 personas: 175 € En habitación individual: 528 € Extensión Nasca (incluye Sobrevuelo de las Líneas): 141 € Extensión Selva Amazónica: 444 € Noche extra en habitación doble: Lima: 35 € // Cusco: 38 € Precios válidos desde el 15 de Abril hasta el 30 de Septiembre de 2.009 ITINERARIO: Día 1º: Llegada a Lima Llegada al aeropuerto Jorge Cháves de Lima, recepción y traslado al Hotel.
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  • Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu & Cusco
    TRIPTOPERUFORTWO RAFFLE 7 days, 6 nights Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu & Cusco Authentic Cultural Immersion Private, hand tailored trip for two exclusive for Kusi Kawsay supporters RAFFLE TRIP TO PERU FOR TWO Authentic Cultural Immersion 7 days / 6 nights www.peruculturaljourneys.com Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu & Cusco This private, hand tailored trip for two, exclusively for Kusi Kawsay supporters is sponsored by Peruvian businesses in support of Kusi Kawsay Andean School. Sponsored by local Peruvian businesses in support of Kusi Kawsay Andean School Inkareisen • Peru Cultural Journeys • Pisac Inn • Inkaterra Hotels • MIL • Cicciolina • Mayu Cafe • Chicha • Chuncho • Pakakuna Posada Gourmet • Cusco Plaza Hotel • Unucha Spa • Cuchara de Palo restaurant • Kusi Kawsay Association • Amaru Community • Indigimedia DAY ONE Sacsayhuaman, Kenko & Tambomachay Take a spectacular morning flight to Cusco in the heart of the Andes and be greeted at the airport to begin your exclusive journey. Enjoy a 15-minute scenic drive to explore pre-Columbian sites outside of Cusco, including the sacred spring of Tambomachay, the lunar and solar observatories of Kenko, and megalithic Sacsayhuaman with zigzag walls built with some of the largest stones to be found in Incan masonry. Be captivated by Andean astronomy and sacred geometry, the foundation of Andean culture. Enjoy a picnic lunch by Mayu Café, and continue on a scenic drive to the Sacred Valley of the Incas, a stunning experience with snow-topped peaks, mountainsides delineated by Inca terraces, and cornfields that cover the valley floor. Settle into your room at the small and charming Pisac Inn and then gather for a welcome Pisco sour before dinner at the Inn’s renowned restaurant, Cuchara de Palo, celebrating the wealth of Peruvian cuisine.
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